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Hoshi RA, Alotaibi M, Liu Y, Watrous JD, Ridker PM, Glynn RJ, Serhan CN, Luttmann-Gibson H, Moorthy MV, Jain M, Demler OV, Mora S. One-Year Effects of High-Intensity Statin on Bioactive Lipids: Findings From the JUPITER Trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e196-e206. [PMID: 38841856 PMCID: PMC11209760 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.321058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin effects extend beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction, potentially modulating the metabolism of bioactive lipids (BALs), crucial for biological signaling and inflammation. These bioactive metabolites may serve as metabolic footprints, helping uncover underlying processes linked to pleiotropic effects of statins and yielding a better understanding of their cardioprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the impact of high-intensity statin therapy versus placebo on plasma BALs in the JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin; NCT00239681), a randomized primary prevention trial involving individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <130 mg/dL and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L. METHODS Using a nontargeted mass spectrometry approach, over 11 000 lipid features were assayed from baseline and 1-year plasma samples from cardiovascular disease noncases from 2 nonoverlapping nested substudies: JUPITERdiscovery (n=589) and JUPITERvalidation (n=409). The effect of randomized allocation of rosuvastatin 20 mg versus placebo on BALs was examined by fitting a linear regression with delta values (∆=year 1-baseline) adjusted for age and baseline levels of each feature. Significant associations in discovery were analyzed in the validation cohort. Multiple comparisons were adjusted using 2-stage overall false discovery rate. RESULTS We identified 610 lipid features associated with statin randomization with significant replication (overall false discovery rate, <0.05), including 26 with annotations. Statin therapy significantly increased levels of 276 features, including BALs with anti-inflammatory activity and arterial vasodilation properties. Concurrently, 334 features were significantly lowered by statin therapy, including arachidonic acid and proinflammatory and proplatelet aggregation BALs. By contrast, statin therapy reduced an eicosapentaenoic acid-derived hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid metabolite, which may be related to impaired glucose metabolism. Additionally, we observed sex-related differences in 6 lipid metabolites and 6 unknown features. CONCLUSIONS Statin allocation was significantly associated with upregulation of BALs with anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation and antioxidant properties and downregulation of BALs with proinflammatory and proplatelet aggregation activity, supporting the pleiotropic effects of statins beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Akemi Hoshi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeramie D. Watrous
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert J. Glynn
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heike Luttmann-Gibson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M. Vinayaga Moorthy
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olga V. Demler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Helal SA, Gerges SH, El-Kadi AOS. Enantioselectivity in some physiological and pathophysiological roles of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Drug Metab Rev 2024; 56:31-45. [PMID: 38358327 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2284110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of chirality has been shown to greatly impact drug activities and effects. Different enantiomers may exhibit different effects in a certain biological condition or disease state. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) into a large variety of metabolites with a wide range of activities. Hydroxylation of AA by CYP hydroxylases produces hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), which are classified into mid-chain (5, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 15-HETE), subterminal (16-, 17-, 18- and 19-HETE) and terminal (20-HETE) HETEs. Except for 20-HETE, these metabolites exist as a racemic mixture of R and S enantiomers in the physiological system. The two enantiomers could have different degrees of activity or sometimes opposing effects. In this review article, we aimed to discuss the role of mid-chain and subterminal HETEs in different organs, importantly the heart and the kidneys. Moreover, we summarized their effects in some conditions such as neutrophil migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis, with a focus on the reported enantiospecific effects. We also reported some studies using genetically modified models to investigate the roles of HETEs in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Helal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Samar H Gerges
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Novel Unspecific Peroxygenase from Truncatella angustata Catalyzes the Synthesis of Bioactive Lipid Mediators. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071267. [PMID: 35888989 PMCID: PMC9322767 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid mediators, such as epoxidized or hydroxylated eicosanoids (EETs, HETEs) of arachidonic acid (AA), are important signaling molecules and play diverse roles at different physiological and pathophysiological levels. The EETs and HETEs formed by the cytochrome P450 enzymes are still not fully explored, but show interesting anti-inflammatory properties, which make them attractive as potential therapeutic target or even as therapeutic agents. Conventional methods of chemical synthesis require several steps and complex separation techniques and lead only to low yields. Using the newly discovered unspecific peroxygenase TanUPO from the ascomycetous fungus Truncatella angustata, 90% regioselective conversion of AA to 14,15-EET could be achieved. Selective conversion of AA to 18-HETE, 19-HETE as well as to 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET was also demonstrated with known peroxygenases, i.e., AaeUPO, CraUPO, MroUPO, MweUPO and CglUPO. The metabolites were confirmed by HPLC-ELSD, MS1 and MS2 spectrometry as well as by comparing their analytical data with authentic standards. Protein structure simulations of TanUPO provided insights into its substrate access channel and give an explanation for the selective oxyfunctionalization of AA. The present study expands the scope of UPOs as they can now be used for selective syntheses of AA metabolites that serve as reference material for diagnostics, for structure-function elucidation as well as for therapeutic and pharmacological purposes.
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Novel Synthetic Analogues of 19(S/R)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Exhibit Noncompetitive Inhibitory Effect on the Activity of Cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 46:613-624. [PMID: 34235626 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Previously, we have demonstrated that R- and S-enantiomers of 19-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (19-HETE), an arachidonic acid endogenous metabolite, enantioselectively inhibit CYP1B1. The current study was conducted to test the possible inhibitory effect of novel synthetic analogues of R- and S-enantiomers of 19-HETE on the activity of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1. METHODS The O-dealkylation rate of 7-ethoxyresorufin (EROD) by recombinant human CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, in addition to the O-dealkylation rate of 7-methoxyresorufin (MROD) by recombinant human CYP1A2, were measured in the absence and presence of varying concentrations (0-40 nM) of the synthetic analogues of 19(R)- and 19(S)-HETE. Also, the possible inhibitory effect of both analogues on the catalytic activity of EROD and MROD, using RL-14 cells and human liver microsomes, was assessed. RESULTS The results showed that both synthetic analogues of 19(R)- and 19(S)-HETE exhibited direct inhibitory effects on the activity of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, while they had no significant effect on CYP1A2 activity. Nonlinear regression analysis and comparisons showed that the mode of inhibition for both analogues is noncompetitive inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes. Also, nonlinear regression analysis and Dixon plots showed that the R- and S-analogues have KI values of 15.7 ± 4.4 and 6.1 ± 1.5 nM for CYP1A1 and 26.1 ± 2.9 and 9.1 ± 1.8 nM for CYP1B1, respectively. Moreover, both analogues were able to inhibit EROD and MROD activities in a cell-based assay and human liver microsomes. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the synthetic analogues of 19-HETE could be considered as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancer and CVD.
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Wu CY, Yu T, Fang X, Ryu JJ, Zheng B, Chen Z, Roman RJ, Fan F. 20-HETE-promoted cerebral blood flow autoregulation is associated with enhanced pericyte contractility. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 154:106548. [PMID: 33753221 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that deficiency in 20-HETE or CYP4A impaired the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in rats. The present study demonstrated that CYP4A was coexpressed with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and most pericytes along parenchymal arteries (PAs) isolated from SD rats. Cell contractile capabilities of cerebral VSMCs and pericytes were reduced with a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, HET0016, but restored with 20-HETE analog WIT003. Similarly, intact myogenic responses of the middle cerebral artery and PA of SD rats decreased with HET0016 and were rescued by WIT003. The myogenic response of the PA was abolished in SS and was restored in SS.BN5 and SS.Cyp4a1 rats. HET0016 enhanced CBF and impaired its autoregulation in the surface and deep cortex of SD rats. These results demonstrate that 20-HETE has a direct effect on cerebral mural cell contractility that may play an essential role in controlling cerebral vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Celeste Yc Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Tina Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jane J Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Baoying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Zongbo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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Shoieb SM, El-Ghiaty MA, El-Kadi AOS. Targeting arachidonic acid-related metabolites in COVID-19 patients: potential use of drug-loaded nanoparticles. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:265-277. [PMID: 33225219 PMCID: PMC7670111 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-020-00136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized as a global pandemic. As of September 2020, infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to 213 countries and territories around the world, affected more than 31.5 million people, and caused more than 970,000 deaths worldwide. Although COVID-19 is a respiratory illness that mainly targets the lungs, it is currently well established that it is a multifactorial disease that affects other extra-pulmonary systems and strongly associated with a detrimental inflammatory response. Evidence has shown that SARS-CoV-2 causes perturbation in the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathways; this disruption could lead to an imbalance between the pro-inflammatory metabolites of AA including mid-chain HETEs and terminal HETE (20-HETE) and the anti-inflammatory metabolites such as EETs and subterminal HETEs. Therefore, we propose novel therapeutic strategies to modulate the level of endogenous anti-inflammatory metabolites of AA and induce the patient's endogenous resolution mechanisms that will ameliorate the virus-associated systemic inflammation and enhance the primary outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Also, we propose that using nanoencapsulation of AA and its associated metabolites will contribute to the development of safer and more efficacious treatments for the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M. Shoieb
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142J Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Mahmoud A. El-Ghiaty
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142J Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Ayman O. S. El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142J Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
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Gabás‐Rivera C, Jurado‐Ruiz E, Sánchez‐Ortiz A, Romanos E, Martínez‐Beamonte R, Navarro MA, Surra JC, Arnal C, Rodríguez‐Yoldi MJ, Andrés‐Lacueva C, Osada J. Dietary Squalene Induces CytochromesCyp2b10andCyp2c55Independently of Sex, Dose, and Diet in Several Mouse Models. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000354. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gabás‐Rivera
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular Facultad de Veterinaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | | | | | - Eduardo Romanos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez‐Beamonte
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular Facultad de Veterinaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - María A. Navarro
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular Facultad de Veterinaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Joaquín C. Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA) Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca Huesca 22071 Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- Departamento de Patología Animal Facultad de Veterinaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - María J. Rodríguez‐Yoldi
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA) Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés‐Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory Department of Nutrition Food Sciences and Gastronomy Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona 08028 Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular Facultad de Veterinaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50013 Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
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