Green chemistry appended synthesis, metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic assessment of medicinally important chromene dihydropyrimidinones

Role and Application of Biocatalysts in Cancer Drug Discovery

A biocatalyst is an enzyme that speeds up or slows down the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs and speeds up certain processes by 108 times. It is used as an anticancer agent because it targets drug activation inside the tumor microenvironment while limiting damage to healthy cells. Biocatalysts have been used for the synthesis of different heterocyclic compounds and is also used in the nano drug delivery systems. The use of nano-biocatalysts for tumor-targeted delivery not only aids in tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and mutagenesis, but also provides information on the expression and activity of many markers related to the microenvironment. Iosmapinol, moclobemide, cinepazide, lysine dioxygenase, epothilone, 1-homophenylalanine, and many more are only some of the anticancer medicines that have been synthesised using biocatalysts. In this review, we have highlighted the application of biocatalysts in cancer therapies as well as the use of biocatalysts in the synthesis of drugs and drug-delivery systems in the tumor microenvironment.

Novel Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives as Potential P-Glycoprotein Modulators

P-glycoprotein (Pgp), an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, is an ATP-dependent efflux pump responsible for cancer multidrug resistance. As part of efforts to identify human Pgp (hPgp) inhibitors, we prepared a series of novel triazole-conjugated dihydropyrimidinones using a synthetic approach that is well suited for obtaining compound libraries. Several of these dihydropyrimidinone derivatives modulate human P-glycoprotein (hPgp) activity with low micromolar EC₅₀ values. Molecular docking studies suggest that these compounds bind to the M-site of the transporter.

Catalytic Performance of One-Pot Synthesized Fe-MWW Layered Zeolites (MCM-22, MCM-36, and ITQ-2) in Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides with Ammonia

The application of layered zeolites of MWW topology in environmental catalysis has attracted growing attention in recent years; however, only a few studies have explored their performance in selective catalytic reduction with ammonia (NH3-SCR). Thus, our work describes, for the first time, the one-pot synthesis of Fe-modified NH3-SCR catalysts supported on MCM-22, MCM-36, and ITQ-2. The calculated chemical composition of the materials was Si/Al of 30 and 5 wt.% of Fe. The reported results indicated a correlation between the arrangement of MWW layers and the form of iron in the zeolitic structure. We have observed that one-pot synthesis resulted in high dispersion of Fe3+ sites, which significantly enhanced low-temperature activity and prevented N2O generation during the reaction. All of the investigated samples exhibited almost 100% NO conversion at 250 °C. The most satisfactory activity was exhibited by Fe-modified MCM-36, since 50% of NO reduction was obtained at 150 °C for this catalyst. This effect can be explained by the abundance of isolated Fe3+ species, which are active in low-temperature NH3-SCR. Additionally, SiO2 pillars present in MCM-36 provided an additional surface for the deposition of the active phase.

Plant seed extract assisted, eco-synthesized C-ZnO nanoparticles: Characterization, Chromium (VI) ion adsorption and kinetic studies

This report attempts to elucidate the potential of plant seed extract assisted synthesis of Graphite based zinc oxide nanoparticles (C-ZnO NPs) towards removal of chromium (VI) ions from the water samples. The Graphene-zinc oxide composites were characterised using TGA, XRD, FTIR and SEM. The C-ZnO nanocomposites have found to remove chromium from the sample through adsorption process. The sensitivity of chromium removal through adsorption is found to be in the range of 40-240 mg. The adsorption behaviour was found to be fitting with Langmuir isotherm model and the adsorption reaction follows pseudo second order kinetics.

Design, parallel synthesis of Biginelli 1,4-dihydropyrimidines using PTSA as a catalyst, evaluation of anticancer activity and structure activity relationships via 3D QSAR studies

Biginelli 1,4-dihydropyrimidines are extensively screened for their potential anticancer activity in the last decade. In this context, a series of Biginelli 1,4-dihydropyrimidines were designed and synthesised using PTSA as an efficient catalyst. The synthesised 1,4-dihydropyrimidines were screened for their anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells by measuring cytotoxicity. The compounds exhibited activity ranging from weak to significant in terms of percentage cytotoxicity which is proportional to the anticancer activity. Amongst the screened compounds, compounds 4, 6 and 8 exhibited potential anticancer activity. Furthermore, CoMSIA studies were performed to derive the structure activity relationships in a 3D grid space by plotting experimental vs predicted cytotoxic activities. We have an opinion that, this developed model helps us in future to develop more potential 1,4-dihydropyrimidines for their cytotoxicity or anticancer activity.