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Eymard C, Manchoju A, Almazloum A, Dostie S, Prévost M, Nemer M, Guindon Y. Synthesis of 4'-Thionucleoside Analogues Bearing a C2' Stereogenic All-Carbon Quaternary Center. Molecules 2024; 29:1647. [PMID: 38611926 PMCID: PMC11013827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The design of novel 4'-thionucleoside analogues bearing a C2' stereogenic all-carbon quaternary center is described. The synthesis involves a highly diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction, and a diastereoselective radical-based vinyl group transfer to generate the all-carbon stereogenic C2' center, along with different approaches to control the selectivity of the N-glycosidic bond. Intramolecular SN2-like cyclization of a mixture of acyclic thioaminals provided analogues with a pyrimidine nucleobase. A kinetic bias favoring cyclization of the 1',2'-anti thioaminal furnished the desired β-D-4'-thionucleoside analogue in a 7:1 ratio. DFT calculations suggest that this kinetic resolution originates from additional steric clash in the SN2-like transition state for 1',4'-trans isomers, causing a significant decrease in their reaction rate relative to 1',4'-cis counterparts. N-glycosylation of cyclic glycosyl donors with a purine nucleobase enabled the formation of novel 2-chloroadenine 4'-thionucleoside analogues. These proprietary molecules and other derivatives are currently being evaluated both in vitro and in vivo to establish their biological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Eymard
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (C.E.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Amarender Manchoju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (C.E.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Abir Almazloum
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Starr Dostie
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (C.E.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Michel Prévost
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (C.E.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mona Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Yvan Guindon
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (C.E.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.A.); (M.N.)
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Nucleotide Analogues Bearing a C2' or C3'-Stereogenic All-Carbon Quaternary Center as SARS-CoV-2 RdRp Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020564. [PMID: 35056878 PMCID: PMC8781509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of novel nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) analogues bearing an all-carbon quaternary center at C2′ or C3′ is described. The construction of this all-carbon stereogenic center involves the use of an intramoleculer photoredox-catalyzed reaction. The nucleoside analogues (NA) hydroxyl functional group at C2′ was generated by diastereoselective epoxidation. In addition, highly enantioselective and diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reactions, diastereoselective N-glycosylations and regioselective triphosphorylation reactions were employed to synthesize the novel NTPs. Two of these compounds are inhibitors of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2, the causal virus of COVID-19.
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Yan D, Ra OH, Yan B. The nucleoside antiviral prodrug remdesivir in treating COVID-19 and beyond with interspecies significance. ANIMAL DISEASES 2021; 1:15. [PMID: 34778881 PMCID: PMC8422062 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-021-00017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious pandemics result in hundreds and millions of deaths, notable examples of the Spanish Flu, the Black Death and smallpox. The current pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), is unprecedented even in the historical term of pandemics. The unprecedentedness is featured by multiple surges, rapid identification of therapeutic options and accelerated development of vaccines. Remdesivir, originally developed for Ebola viral disease, is the first treatment of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. As demonstrated by in vitro and preclinical studies, this therapeutic agent is highly potent with a broad spectrum activity against viruses from as many as seven families even cross species. However, randomized controlled trials have failed to confirm the efficacy and safety. Remdesivir improves some clinical signs but not critical parameters such as mortality. This antiviral agent is an ester/phosphorylation prodrug and excessive hydrolysis which increases cellular toxicity. Remdesivir is given intravenously, leading to concentration spikes and likely increasing the potential of hydrolysis-based toxicity. This review has proposed a conceptual framework for improving its efficacy and minimizing toxicity not only for the COVID-19 pandemic but also for future ones caused by remdesivir-sensitive viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Yan
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - One Hyuk Ra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
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Lin X, Liang C, Zou L, Yin Y, Wang J, Chen D, Lan W. Advance of structural modification of nucleosides scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113233. [PMID: 33550179 PMCID: PMC7995807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With Remdesivir being approved by FDA as a drug for the treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), nucleoside drugs have once again received widespread attention in the medical community. Herein, we summarized modification of traditional nucleoside framework (sugar + base), traizole nucleosides, nucleoside analogues assembled by other drugs, macromolecule-modified nucleosides, and their bioactivity rules. 2'-"Ara"-substituted by -F or -CN group, and 3'-"ara" substituted by acetylenyl group can greatly influence their anti-tumor activities. Dideoxy dehydrogenation of 2',3'-sites can enhance antiviral efficiencies. Acyclic nucleosides and L-type nucleosides mainly represented antiviral capabilities. 5-F Substituted uracil analogues exihibit anti-tumor effects, and the substrates substituted by -I, -CF3, bromovinyl group usually show antiviral activities. The sugar coupled with 1-N of triazolid usually displays anti-tumor efficiencies, while the sugar coupled with 2-N of triazolid mainly represents antiviral activities. The nucleoside analogues assembled by cholesterol, polyethylene glycol, fatty acid and phospholipid would improve their bioavailabilities and bioactivities, or reduce their toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | | | - Lianjia Zou
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Yanchun Yin
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Dandan Chen
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Weisen Lan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Cardinal-David B, Labbé MO, Prévost M, Dostie S, Guindon Y. Diastereoselective and regioselective synthesis of adenosine thionucleoside analogues using an acyclic approach. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An acyclic approach to synthesize thiofuranoside N-glycosides bearing an adenine nucleobase is presented herein. This approach provides a significant improvement in terms of regio- and diastereoselectivity compared with the current paradigms used for their formation. Activation of acyclic dithioacetal substrates bearing either a C2′-alkoxy or fluoro group and coupling with purine nucleobases selectively generates 1′,2′-syn thioaminals. The regiochemistry of the nucleobase coupling (N7 or N9) can also be controlled by using either silylated or unsilylated purines. A subsequent SN2-like cyclization of these 1′,2′-syn acyclic thioaminals results in the desired 1′,2′-cis thionucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Cardinal-David
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Labbé
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michel Prévost
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Starr Dostie
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yvan Guindon
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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