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Garberová M, Kudličková Z, Michalková R, Tvrdoňová M, Sabolová D, Bekešová S, Gramblička M, Mojžiš J, Vilková M. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione-Acridine Hybrids as Antitumor Agents. Molecules 2024; 29:3387. [PMID: 39064964 PMCID: PMC11280325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis and structural characterization of new compounds that integrate thiazolidine-2,4-dione, acridine moiety, and an acetamide linker, aiming to leverage the synergistic effects of these pharmacophores for enhanced therapeutic potential. The newly designed molecules were efficiently synthesized through a multi-step process and subsequently transformed into their hydrochloride salts. Comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, were employed to determine the molecular structures of the synthesized compounds. Biological evaluations were conducted to assess the therapeutic potential of the new compounds. The influence of these derivatives on the metabolic activity of various cancer cell lines was assessed, with IC50 values determined via MTT assays. An in-depth analysis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed intriguing insights into their cytotoxic profiles. Compounds with electron-withdrawing groups generally exhibited lower IC50 values, indicating higher potency. The presence of the methoxy group at the linking phenyl ring modulated both the potency and selectivity of the compounds. The variation in the acridine core at the nitrogen atom of the thiazolidine-2,4-dione core significantly affects the activity against cancer cell lines, with the acridin-9-yl substituent enhancing the compounds' antiproliferative activity. Furthermore, compounds in their hydrochloride salt forms demonstrated better activity against cancer cell lines compared to their free base forms. Compounds 12c·2HCl (IC50 = 5.4 ± 2.4 μM), 13d (IC50 = 4.9 ± 2.9 μM), and 12f·2HCl (IC50 = 4.98 ± 2.9 μM) demonstrated excellent activity against the HCT116 cancer cell line, and compound 7d·2HCl (IC50 = 4.55 ± 0.35 μM) demonstrated excellent activity against the HeLa cancer cell line. Notably, only a few tested compounds, including 7e·2HCl (IC50 = 11.00 ± 2.2 μM), 7f (IC50 = 11.54 ± 2.06 μM), and 7f·2HCl (IC50 = 9.82 ± 1.92 μM), showed activity against pancreatic PATU cells. This type of cancer has a very high mortality due to asymptomatic early stages, the occurrence of metastases, and frequent resistance to chemotherapy. Four derivatives, namely, 7e·2HCl, 12d·2HCl, 13c·HCl, and 13d, were tested for their interaction properties with BSA using fluorescence spectroscopic studies. The values for the quenching constant (Ksv) ranged from 9.59 × 104 to 10.74 × 104 M-1, indicating a good affinity to the BSA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Garberová
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (Z.K.); (M.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Zuzana Kudličková
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (Z.K.); (M.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (R.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Monika Tvrdoňová
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (Z.K.); (M.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Danica Sabolová
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (Z.K.); (M.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Slávka Bekešová
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Mlynské Nivy 5, 821 09 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Michal Gramblička
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Mlynské Nivy 5, 821 09 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (R.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Mária Vilková
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (Z.K.); (M.T.); (D.S.)
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Dimitrijević MG, Roschger C, Lang K, Zierer A, Paunović MG, Obradović AD, Matić MM, Pocrnić M, Galić N, Ćirić A, Joksović MD. Discovery of a new class of potent pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-diones based inhibitors of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase: Synthesis, pharmacological and toxicological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107359. [PMID: 38613925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Twenty N-substituted pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-diones 3a-t were synthesized by a cyclization reaction of Pfitzinger's quinoline ester precursor with the selected aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic amines. The structures of all derivatives were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectra, while their purity was determined using HPLC techniques. Almost all compounds were identified as a new class ofpotent inhibitors against hDHODH among which 3a and 3t were the most active ones with the same IC50 values of 0.11 μM, about seven times better than reference drug leflunomide. These two derivatives also exhibited very low cytotoxic effects toward healthy HaCaT cells and the optimal lipophilic properties with logP value of 1.12 and 2.07 respectively, obtained experimentally at physiological pH. We further evaluated the comparative differences in toxicological impact of the three most active compounds 3a, 3n and 3t and reference drug leflunomide. The rats were divided into five groups and were treated intraperitoneally, control group (group I) with a single dose of leflunomide (20 mg/kg) group II and the other three groups, III, IV and V were treated with 3a, 3n and 3t (20 mg/kg bw) separately. The investigation was performed in liver, kidney and blood by examining serum biochemical parameters and parameters of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Dimitrijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Cornelia Roschger
- University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstraße 7a, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Kevin Lang
- University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstraße 7a, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zierer
- University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstraße 7a, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Milica G Paunović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Ana D Obradović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Miloš M Matić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Marijana Pocrnić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Galić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrija Ćirić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan D Joksović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Gao H, Zhou L, Zhang P, Wang Y, Qian X, Liu Y, Wu G. Filamentous Fungi-Derived Orsellinic Acid-Sesquiterpene Meroterpenoids: Fungal Sources, Chemical Structures, Bioactivities, and Biosynthesis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1110-1124. [PMID: 37225133 DOI: 10.1055/a-2099-4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungi-derived polyketide-terpenoid hybrids are important meroterpenoid natural products that possess diverse structure scaffolds with a broad spectrum of bioactivities. Herein, we focus on an ever-increasing group of meroterpenoids, orsellinic acid-sesquiterpene hybrids comprised of biosynthetic start unit orsellinic acid coupling to a farnesyl group or/and its modified cyclic products. The review entails the search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases up to June 2022. The key terms include "orsellinic acid", "sesquiterpene", "ascochlorin", "ascofuranone", and "Ascochyta viciae", which are combined with the structures of "ascochlorin" and "ascofuranone" drawn by the Reaxys and Scifinder databases. In our search, these orsellinic acid-sesquiterpene hybrids are mainly produced by filamentous fungi. Ascochlorin was the first compound reported in 1968 and isolated from filamentous fungus Ascochyta viciae (synonym: Acremonium egyptiacum; Acremonium sclerotigenum); to date, 71 molecules are discovered from various filamentous fungi inhabiting in a variety of ecological niches. As typical representatives of the hybrid molecules, the biosynthetic pathway of ascofuranone and ascochlorin are discussed. The group of meroterpenoid hybrids exhibits a broad arrange of bioactivities, as highlighted by targeting hDHODH (human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) inhibition, antitrypanosomal, and antimicrobial activities. This review summarizes the findings related to the structures, fungal sources, bioactivities, and their biosynthesis from 1968 to June 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Petrović MM, Roschger C, Lang K, Zierer A, Mladenović M, Trifunović S, Mandić B, Joksović MD. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new quinoline-4-carboxylic acid-chalcone hybrids as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200374. [PMID: 36372522 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen novel quinoline-4-carboxylic acid-chalcone hybrids were obtained via Claisen-Schmidt condensation and evaluated as potential human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) inhibitors. The ketone precursor 2 was synthesized by the Pfitzinger reaction and used for further derivatization at position 3 of the quinoline ring for the first time. Six compounds showed better hDHODH inhibitory activity than the reference drug leflunomide, with IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to 0.58 μM. The bioactive conformations of the compounds within hDHODH were resolved by means of molecular docking, revealing their tendency to occupy the narrow tunnel of hDHODH within the N-terminus and to prevent ubiquinone as the second cofactor from easily approaching the flavin mononucleotide as a cofactor for the redox reaction within the redox site. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that 4d and 4h demonstrated the highest cytotoxic activity against the A375 cell line, with IC50 values of 5.0 and 6.8 µM, respectively. The lipophilicity of the synthesized hybrids was obtained experimentally and expressed as logD7.4 values at physiologicalpH while the solubility assay was conducted to define physicochemical characteristics influencing the ADMET properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena M Petrović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Cornelia Roschger
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Linz, Austria
| | - Kevin Lang
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zierer
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, University Clinic for Cardiac-, Vascular- and Thoracic Surgery, Linz, Austria
| | - Milan Mladenović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Boris Mandić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan D Joksović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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