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Mishra VK, Khanna A, Tiwari G, Tyagi R, Sagar R. Recent developments on the synthesis of biologically active glycohybrids. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107172. [PMID: 38340475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of hybridization emerges as a potent tool in advancing drug discovery research, with a significant emphasis on carbohydrate-containing hybrid scaffolds. Evidence indicates that linking carbohydrate molecules to privileged bioactive scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of drug molecules. This synergy results in a diverse range of activities, making carbohydrate scaffolds pivotal for synthesizing compound libraries with significant functional and structural diversity. Beyond their synthesis utility, these scaffolds offer applications in screening bioactive molecules, presenting alternative avenues for drug development. This comprehensive review spanning 2015 to 2023 focuses on synthesized glycohybrid molecules, revealing their bioactivity in areas such as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory activities, enzyme inhibition and pesticides. Numerous novel glycohybrids surpass positive control drugs in biological activity. This focused study not only highlights the diverse bioactivities of glycohybrids but also underscores their promising role in innovative drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067 New Delhi
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005; Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067 New Delhi.
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Abchir O, Khedraoui M, Nour H, Yamari I, Errougui A, Samadi A, Chtita S. Integrative Approach for Designing Novel Triazole Derivatives as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: QSAR, Molecular Docking, ADMET, and Molecular Dynamics Investigations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:261. [PMID: 38399476 PMCID: PMC10892212 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the limitations associated with the current treatments, there is a growing need to develop novel medications for this disease. This study is focused on creating new compounds that exhibit a strong inhibition of alpha-glucosidase, which is a pivotal enzyme in diabetes control. A set of 33 triazole derivatives underwent an extensive QSAR analysis, aiming to identify the key factors influencing their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. Using the multiple linear regression (MLR) model, seven promising compounds were designed as potential drugs. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were employed to shed light on the mode of interaction between the ligands and the target, and the stability of the obtained complexes. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic properties of the designed compounds were assessed to predict their behavior in the human body. The binding free energy was also calculated using MMGBSA method and revealed favorable thermodynamic properties. The results highlighted three novel compounds with high biological activity, strong binding affinity to the target enzyme, and suitability for oral administration. These results offer interesting prospects for the development of effective and well-tolerated medications against diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Abchir
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 7955, Morocco; (O.A.); (M.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Meriem Khedraoui
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 7955, Morocco; (O.A.); (M.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Hassan Nour
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 7955, Morocco; (O.A.); (M.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Imane Yamari
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 7955, Morocco; (O.A.); (M.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Abdelkbir Errougui
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 7955, Morocco; (O.A.); (M.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Abdelouahid Samadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samir Chtita
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 7955, Morocco; (O.A.); (M.K.); (A.E.)
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Aglan HA, Kotob SE, Mahmoud NS, Kishta MS, Ahmed HH. Bone marrow stem cell-derived β-cells: New issue for diabetes cell therapy. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102280. [PMID: 38029457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to establish the promising role of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) growing from bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in relieving hyperglycemia induced in rats. BM-MSCs were differentiated into IPCs using three different protocols. The efficiency of BM-MSCs differentiation into IPCs in vitro was confirmed by detecting IPCs specific gene expression (Foxa-2, PDX-1 and Ngn-3) and insulin release assay. The in vivo study design included 3 groups of male Wistar rats; negative control group, diabetic group and IPCs-transfused group (5 ×106 cells of the most functional IPCs/rat). One month after IPCs infusion, serum glucose, insulin, c-peptide and visfatin levels as well as pancreatic glucagon level were quantified. Gene expression analysis of pancreatic Foxa-2 and Sox-17, IGF-1 and FGF-10 was done. Additionally, histological investigation of pancreatic tissue sections was performed. Our data clarified that, the most functional IPCs are those generated from BM-MSCs using differentiation protocol 3 as indicated by the significant up-regulation of Foxa-2, PDX-1 and Ngn-3 gene expression levels. These findings were further emphasized by releasing of a significant amount of insulin in response to glucose load. The transplantation of the IPCs in diabetic rats elicited significant decline in serum glucose, visfatin and pancreatic glucagon levels along with significant rise in serum insulin and c-peptide levels. Moreover, it triggered significant up-regulation in the expression levels of pancreatic Foxa-2, Sox-17, IGF-1 and FGF-10 genes versus the untreated diabetic counterpart. The histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue almost assisted the biochemical and molecular genetic analyses. These results disclose that the cell therapy holds potential to develop a new cure for DM based on the capability of BM-MSCs to generate β-cell phenotype using specific protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer A Aglan
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Soheir E Kotob
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia S Mahmoud
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Kishta
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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ALSaeedy M, Al-Adhreai A, Alrabie A, Al-Qadsy I, Khamees HA, Alaizeri ZAM, Alhadlaq HA, Hasan A, Farooqui M. Novel Hybrid Triazoline - Triazole Glycosides: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity study via In Vitro, and In Silico Means. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108877. [PMID: 37473676 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Series of novel 1,2,3-triazole, and 1,2,3- triazoline glycosides (a-e) were efficiently synthesized starting from d-arabinose in an effort to synthesize a new type of hybrid molecules containing sugar azide. The key step involved is the introduction of a new group, ethylene glycol, to the anomeric site and protection of the hydroxyl groups with acetic anhydride. Following that, the acetyl group is converted into ethylene glycol to tosylate. Compound Azido ethyl-O-β-d-arabinofuranoside 4 was synthesized with good yield by treating the derivative 3 with sodium azide, which displaced the tosylate 3 and replaced it with the azide group. The new glycosides were synthesized via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between the intermediate compound 4 and several alkenes and alkynes. The triazole and triazoline compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC/MS-IT-TOF spectral, and C·H.N. analysis. The antimicrobial screening was assayed using the disc diffusion technique revealed moderate to high potential inhibitory values against three test microorganisms compared to standard drugs. Their pharmacokinetics evaluation also showed promising drug-likeness and ADME properties. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to obtain the molecular geometry of the title compounds utilizing B3LYP/6-311G++ (d, p), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) through the investigation of HOMO and LUMO orbitals, and energy gap value. A lower energy gap value denotes that electrons can be transported more easily, indicating that molecule (b) is more reactive than other compounds. Molecular docking analysis revealed that all the designed triazole and triazoline glycosides interacted strongly inside the active site of the enzyme (PDB ID: 2Q85). and exhibits high docking scores, higher than the standard drug. The range of docking scores is -7.99 kcal/mol compound (a) to -7.42 kcal/mol compound (e).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed ALSaeedy
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad, 431004, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Arwa Al-Adhreai
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad, 431004, India.
| | - Ali Alrabie
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad, 431004, India
| | - Inas Al-Qadsy
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad, 431004, India
| | - Hussien Ahmed Khamees
- Department of Studies in Physics, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Zabn Allah M Alaizeri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Alhadlaq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Messina, 1-98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Mazahar Farooqui
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad, 431004, India
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Farooq U, Khan S, Naz S, Wani TA, Bukhari SM, Aborode AT, Shahzad SA, Zargar S. Three New Acrylic Acid Derivatives from Achillea mellifolium as Potential Inhibitors of Urease from Jack Bean and α-Glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155004. [PMID: 35956953 PMCID: PMC9370616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Achillea mellifolium belongs to a highly reputed family of medicinal plants, with plant extract being used as medicine in indigenous system. However, limited data is available regarding the exploitation of the medicinal potential of isolated pure compounds from this family; (2) Methods: A whole plant extract was partitioned into fractions and on the basis of biological activity, an ethyl acetate fraction was selected for isolation of pure compounds. Isolated compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. The compounds isolated from this study were tested for their medicinal potential using in-vitro enzyme assay, coupled with in-silico studies; (3) Results: Three new acrylic acid derivatives (1–3) have been isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Achillea mellifolium. The characterization of these compounds (1–3) was carried out using UV/Vis, FT-IR, 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMBC, NOESY) and mass spectrometry. These acrylic acid derivatives were further evaluated for their enzyme inhibition potential against urease from jack bean and α glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using both in-silico and in-vitro approaches. In-vitro studies showed that compound 3 has the highest inhibition against urease enzyme (IC50 =10.46 ± 0.03 μΜ), followed by compound 1 and compound 2 with percent inhibition and IC50 value of 16.87 ± 0.02 c and 13.71 ± 0.07 μΜ, respectively, compared to the standard (thiourea-IC50 = 21.5 ± 0.01 μΜ). The investigated IC50 value of compound 3 against the urease enzyme is two times lower compared to thiourea, suggesting that this compound is twice as active compared to the standard drug. On the other hand, all three compounds (1–3) revealed mild inhibition potential against α-glucosidase. In-silico molecular docking studies, in combination with MD simulations and free energy, calculations were also performed to rationalize their time evolved mode of interaction inside the active pocket. Binding energies were computed using a MMPBSA approach, and the role of individual residues to overall binding of the inhibitors inside the active pockets were also computed; (4) Conclusions: Together, these studies confirm the inhibitory potential of isolated acrylic acid derivatives against both urease and α-glucosidase enzymes; however, their inhibition potential is better for urease enzyme even when compared to the standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (U.F.); (S.K.); Tel.: +92-992383591 (U.F. & S.K.)
| | - Sara Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (U.F.); (S.K.); Tel.: +92-992383591 (U.F. & S.K.)
| | - Sadia Naz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Majid Bukhari
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Sohail Anjum Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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An Overview of the Biological Evaluation of Selected Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycle Medicinal Chemistry Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158117. [PMID: 35897691 PMCID: PMC9368212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are a class of compounds of natural origin with favorable properties and hence have major pharmaceutical significance. They have an exceptional adroitness favoring their use as diverse smart biomimetics, in addition to possessing an active pharmacophore in a complex structure. This has made them an indispensable motif in the drug discovery field. Heterocyclic compounds are usually classified according to the ring size, type, and the number of heteroatoms present in the ring. Among different heterocyclic ring systems, nitrogen heterocyclic compounds are more abundant in nature. They also have considerable pharmacological significance. This review highlights recent pioneering studies in the biological assessment of nitrogen-containing compounds, namely: triazoles, tetrazoles, imidazole/benzimidazoles, pyrimidines, and quinolines. It explores publications between April 2020 and February 2022 and will benefit researchers in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. The present work is organized based on the size of the heterocyclic ring.
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