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Zheng P, Lyu Z. Sexual Harassment and Binge Eating Among Chinese Female Undergraduates: A Mediation Model of Self-Objectification and Self-Control. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241270065. [PMID: 39169753 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241270065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Sexual harassment is a serious health issue prevalent on campuses worldwide, with significant implications for individuals' well-being. Past research has highlighted the close association between sexual harassment and eating disorders, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the potential mediating roles of self-objectification and self-control in linking sexual harassment to binge eating, drawing upon objectification theory and self-control resource theory. A sample of 801 Chinese female undergraduates, with a mean age of 19.60 years (SD = 1.42), participated in the study by completing questionnaires on sexual harassment experience, self-objectification, self-control, and binge eating. The results indicated that sexual harassment experience exhibited a significant positive correlation with binge eating and self-objectification, while showing a negative correlation with self-control. And an increased frequency of sexual harassment experiences and self-objectification were associated with lower levels of self-control. Furthermore, mediation analyses utilizing Hayes' PROCESS macro (2013) for SPSS (Model 6) demonstrated that both self-objectification and self-control independently and sequentially mediated the relationship between sexual harassment and young women's binge eating. In other words, young women who had experienced sexual harassment were more likely to exhibit increased self-objectification, leading to decreased self-control and ultimately culminating in binge eating behaviors. This study provides valuable insights into how sexual harassment affects young women's binge eating by elucidating the mediating roles of self-objectification and self-control, thus enhancing our understanding of developing strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of experiencing sexual harassment.
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Kressel M, Flamer R, McGinn LK, Sala M. Weight stereotypes in eating disorder recognition. Eat Disord 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39031060 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2024.2380185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated weight stereotypes in the recognition and referral of eating disorders (EDs) by assessing if recognition, health care referral, perceived acceptability, perceived distress, and perceived prevalence of an ED differ depending on the weight of the subject in the vignette. METHOD Community participants (N = 180, age = 19-74) read three different vignettes describing three females with different EDs [anorexia nervosa/atypical anorexia nervosa (AN/AAN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED)] and were randomized to three different experimental conditions concerning an individual with a different weight (overweight, normal, and underweight). RESULTS Across EDs, participants were more likely to recognize a problem, refer for treatment, and rate a higher perceived level of distress in the vignettes of overweight individuals than in the vignettes of normal weight individuals. For BED, a larger proportion of participants in the overweight condition classified the issue described in the vignette as a form of eating pathology compared to the normal weight condition. DISCUSSION These results highlight several weight stereotypes that exist in the recognition and health care referral of EDs. Future ED education and awareness programs should emphasize that EDs can occur in any individual, regardless of their weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kressel
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Flamer
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lata K McGinn
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Margaret Sala
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA
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Chu TH, Xiao F. Applying Stages of Change Model to Examine Online Peer Communication on Binge Eating. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:3012-3021. [PMID: 36214317 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2129640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the distress and disruption associated with eating disorder (ED), people struggling with EDs are often ambivalent about their eating issues and unmotivated for recovery. Rather than seek professional help, these people tend to turn to online ED groups for information and support. Using the stages of change model, this study investigates the characteristics of online peer communication around binging vis-à-vis participants' motivation and readiness for behavioral change. Our results illustrate how individuals with binging issues in different motivational stages discuss their problematic eating online and provides insights into their ambivalence toward treatment and relapses into binging. This study further clarifies how people with binging issues feel trapped in a cycle of dieting-binging, which is observed to be undergirded by unresolved weight-related issues, and how they cope with the stressful relationship between eating and body weight through their postings on social media. These findings suggest that healthcare providers should promote healthier methods of addressing the weight gain from binge eating and provide support tailored to individuals' motivational stage in breaking the dieting-binging cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Hang Chu
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong
| | - Fan Xiao
- School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University
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Lewandowska K, Klinkosz W, Styk W, Kowalczyk M. Diversity of Binge-Eating Disorder Symptoms Is Associated with Anxiety about Getting Fat Rather Than Body Image: A Clinical Study of Women in Poland. Nutrients 2023; 15:4572. [PMID: 37960225 PMCID: PMC10647494 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety about gaining weight is strongly related to body image. Evidence indicates that body dissatisfaction is a strong predictor of eating disorder development. Although not included in DSM-V diagnostic criteria, body image dissatisfaction, and concern are clearly relevant also for individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED). Weight gain anxiety is associated with psychopathological behaviors, but existing research in this area is primarily focused on bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. The goal of this present study was to investigate body image and body mass anxiety in people with BED. METHODS Women diagnosed with BED (n = 105) aged 18 to 66 were surveyed using the questionnaire developed by the authors evaluating the presence of BED symptoms based on DSM-V criteria, and two other instruments: the Body Esteem Scale (BES), and the Body Mass Anxiety Scale (BMAS-20). Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the correlations of BED with body image and body mass anxiety (Pearson's r), to test differences between groups with greater and lesser BED symptom diversity (Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test), and to assess differences among mild-, moderate- and severe-BED groups (ANOVA with a post-hoc test). RESULTS A medium positive relationship was found between anxiety about getting fat (AGF) and the diversity of BED, measured as the number of BED symptoms. A larger number of BED symptoms was shown to be associated with a higher level of AGF. However, no significant differences in AGF levels were observed among BED-severity groups, specified with the frequency of binge eating episodes. No correlations were found between BED and body image. There were also no significant differences in body image between groups with a larger and a smaller number of BED symptoms. The only significant difference in body image observed among BED-severity groups was the level of weight concern. People with mild BED displayed a higher level of weight concern than those with severe BED. CONCLUSIONS Women who binge eat experience high levels of AGF. In the present study, AGF was primarily associated with the number of BED symptoms and not the rate of recurrence of binge-eating episodes. The frequency of BED episodes, however, was linked with weight concern. On the other hand, the hypothesized relationship between disturbed body image and BED was not confirmed. The findings indicate that anxiety about getting fat should be viewed as one of the psychological costs incurred by women experiencing BED symptoms, and it should be mentioned in the next DSM version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Lewandowska
- Institute of Psychology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; (K.L.); (W.K.)
| | - Waldemar Klinkosz
- Institute of Psychology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; (K.L.); (W.K.)
| | - Wojciech Styk
- Department of Psychology, Medical University in Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalczyk
- Mental Health Clinic, Complex of Provincial Specialty Clinics in Katowice, 40-038 Katowice, Poland;
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Quittkat HL, Voges MM, Kisker J, Schöne B, Düsing R, Vocks S. One body, two faces: How double standards influence body evaluation in women with binge-eating disorder compared to mentally healthy women with higher weight and average weight. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1752-1763. [PMID: 37272205 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has found evidence that women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) apply different standards for themselves than for others when evaluating bodies, an aspect of a disturbed body image. This study investigates whether women with binge-eating disorder (BED) likewise show self-deprecating double standards (DS). METHODS Women with BED (n = 40), women with higher weight (n = 40) and women with average weight (n = 40) viewed a presentation of different builds, including their individual ideal body, which were presented once with participants' own and once with an unknown woman's face. After each presentation, participants rated their emotional response regarding arousal and valence, and evaluated the body's attractiveness, body fat and muscle mass. DS were defined as the difference in ratings of the same body with one's own and the unknown face. RESULTS Women with BED showed a higher degree of negative emotions in response to a thin and a high-weight build, rated lower levels of body attractiveness for an athletic build, and displayed more arousal for almost all builds presented with their own compared to with another face. While women with BED showed a higher burden on measures of eating pathology and body image than the other groups, DS were not more pronounced in women with BED. DISCUSSION The findings contradict DS as a characteristic feature of BED, but underline "normative" DS for higher-weight/high-weight builds, reflecting weight stigmatization. Psychoeducation on these DS might complement cognitive-behavioral therapy in BED in order to reduce negative emotions. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE A bias in body evaluation has been proven in women with anorexia and BN, but no research has examined this in women with BED. This study provides evidence of DS in body evaluation in women with BED, compares the extent of DS between women with BED, higher weight, and average weight, and investigates individual body ideals in women with BED and higher weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Quittkat
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Mona M Voges
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Joanna Kisker
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology I, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schöne
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology I, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Rainer Düsing
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Research Methodology, Diagnostics and Evaluation, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Silja Vocks
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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Mason TB, Dolgon-Krutolow A, Smith KE, Leventhal AM. Body Dissatisfaction and Binge Eating: The Moderating Roles of Sweet Taste Reward Sensitivity and Dietary Restraint among Tobacco Product Users. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15523. [PMID: 36497598 PMCID: PMC9740665 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction is a key predictor of binge eating, yet less is known about factors that may potentiate the association between body dissatisfaction and binge eating. This study examined self-reported dietary restraint and sweet taste reward sensitivity as candidate moderators of the association between body dissatisfaction and binge eating in adults. A convenience sample of 221 tobacco product users completed measures of eating disorder pathology and sweet taste reward sensitivity. Results revealed that elevated sweet taste reward sensitivity strengthened the positive association between higher body dissatisfaction and binge eating. However, there was no main effect, or moderation effect, of dietary restraint on binge eating. The findings of this study demonstrate the key role of sweet taste reward sensitivity in potentiating the association between body dissatisfaction and binge eating. Sweet taste reward sensitivity may serve as a key dispositional factor for uncontrolled eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Anna Dolgon-Krutolow
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Smith
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
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Prnjak K, Jukic I, Mitchison D, Griffiths S, Hay P. Body image as a multidimensional concept: A systematic review of body image facets in eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. Body Image 2022; 42:347-360. [PMID: 35926364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Body image disturbance is core to the psychopathology of eating disorders (EDs), and related disorders such as muscle dysmorphia (MD). Global measures of body image fail to quantify specific aspects of body image disturbance that characterizes EDs, and may be differentially associated to outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of specific body image facets and synthesize findings from controlled studies that compared clinical ED/MD and control-comparison groups in body image disturbance. One-hundred sixty-seven studies met inclusion criteria, and reported on comparisons among 30,584 individuals in 28 body image facets, which were more broadly grouped into evaluative, perceptual, cognitive-affective and motivational categories for the purpose of the present review. Effect sizes were calculated as Cohen's d for every comparison between ED and control groups. Body dissatisfaction (evaluative category) was the most prevalent facet assessed across studies (62 %), and differences between clinical and control groups were the largest in this category, especially for bulimia nervosa (d = 1.37). Scarcity of studies with male and MD clinical samples, and use of single-item and non-validated measures, should encourage development of instruments for body image facets pertinent to EDs and MD that can be validly applied across gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Prnjak
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ivan Jukic
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott Griffiths
- School of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, SWSLHD, Campbelltown, Australia
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Kenny B, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Moodie M, Brown V, Williams J. Bi-directional associations between depressive symptoms and eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence. Body Image 2022; 42:246-256. [PMID: 35841698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite frequently co-occurring, the temporal relationship between depression and eating disorder symptoms remains poorly understood. This exploratory study sought to investigate the reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and (1) shape and weight dissatisfaction, (2) shape and weight overvaluation, (3) preoccupation with shape or weight, (4) preoccupation with food, (5) dietary restraint and (6) binge eating in early adolescence. Adolescents (N = 1393) aged between 11.4 and 13.9 years (M = 12.50, SD = 0.38) completed the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale-Revised and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Adolescent version at the beginning of secondary school (T1) and 12-months later (T2). Cross-lagged models were created to assess the reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and ED symptoms. Depressive symptoms at T1 predicted shape and weight dissatisfaction, shape and weight overvaluation, preoccupation with shape or weight, preoccupation with food, dietary restraint and binge eating at T2. Shape and weight dissatisfaction and binge eating were the only ED symptoms at T1 to predict depressive symptoms at T2. Findings suggest young adolescents who experience depressive symptoms in their first year of secondary school are at-risk of developing ED symptoms over the subsequent 12-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Kenny
- Deakin University, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Deakin University, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, Strategic Research Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Marj Moodie
- Deakin University, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, Deakin Health Economics, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Vicki Brown
- Deakin University, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, Deakin Health Economics, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Joanne Williams
- Deakin University, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, School of Health Sciences, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
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Breton É, Dufour R, Côté SM, Dubois L, Vitaro F, Boivin M, Tremblay RE, Booij L. Developmental trajectories of eating disorder symptoms: A longitudinal study from early adolescence to young adulthood. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:84. [PMID: 35725645 PMCID: PMC9210773 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period for the development of eating disorders, but data is lacking on the heterogeneity of their evolution during that time-period. Group-based trajectories can be used to understand how eating disorders emerge and evolve over time. The aim of this study was to identify groups of individuals with distinct levels of eating disorder symptoms between 12 and 20 years and the onset of different types of symptoms. We also studied sex differences in the evolution and course of eating disorder symptoms from early adolescence to adulthood. METHODS Using archival data from the QLSCD cohort, trajectories of eating disorder symptomatology were estimated from ages 12 to 20 years using semiparametric models. These trajectories included overall eating disorder symptomatology as measured by the SCOFF (Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food), sex, and symptom-specific trajectories. RESULTS Two groups of adolescents following distinct trajectories of eating disorder symptoms were identified. The first trajectory group included 30.9% of youth with sharply rising levels between 12 and 15 years, followed by high levels of symptoms between 15 and 20 years. The second trajectory group included 69.1% of youth with low and stable levels of symptoms between 12 and 20 years. Sex-specific models indicated that the proportion of girls in the high trajectory group was 1.3 times higher than the proportion of boys (42.8% girls vs. 32.3% boys). Trajectories of SCOFF items were similar for loss-of-control eating, feeling overweight, and attributing importance to food. The weight loss item had a different developmental pattern, increasing between 12 and 15 years and then decreasing between 17 and 20 years. CONCLUSIONS The largest increase in eating disorder symptoms in adolescence is between the ages of 12 and 15 . Yet, most prevention programs start after 15 years of age. Our findings suggest that, unlike common practices, eating disorder prevention programs should aim to start before puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Édith Breton
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rachel Dufour
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lise Dubois
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- Department of Psychology, University Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Gordon EL, Terrill AL, Smith TW, Ibele AR, Martinez P, McGarrity LA. Overvaluation of Shape and Weight (Not BMI) Associated with Depressive Symptoms and Binge Eating Symptoms Pre- and Post-bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2022; 32:2272-2279. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Teixeira PA, Silva WRD, Campos LAD, Marôco J, Campos JADB. Psychometric investigation of the Attention to Body Shape Scale in Brazilian adults. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:1443-1453. [PMID: 35475825 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022274.01972021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to develop a Portuguese version of Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS), estimate the psychometric properties of the ABS for Brazilian data, and compare the ABS scores between the sexes and the different sample characteristics. The Portuguese version was developed following a standardized protocol. The factorial and convergent validity were evaluated using goodness-of-fit parameters and average variance extracted. Composite reliability and ordinal coefficient alpha were calculated. The invariance of the fitted model was investigated across independent subsamples using multigroup analysis. The scores were compared between variables using two-way ANOVA. A total of 1,056 individuals (71% female) with a mean age of 26.1 (SD=6.4) years participated in the study. Item 3 was removed due to low factor loading. The refined model presented good psychometric properties for the data. Different characteristics contributed to greater attention to body shape. The Portuguese version of the ABS will be useful to investigate attention to body shape in Brazil. The validity and reliability of the data supported the adequacy of the refined model. Specific characteristics influenced attention to body shape, and therefore, should be considered in future protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Angélica Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados. 14800-901 Araraquara SP Brasil.
| | - Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados. 14800-901 Araraquara SP Brasil.
| | | | - João Marôco
- University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences. Lisbon Portugal
| | - Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados. 14800-901 Araraquara SP Brasil.
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12
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Williamson G, Guidinger C, Kelly NR. Low body mass and ethnic identity exploration exacerbate the association between body image concerns and loss of control eating in Hispanic/Latino men. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:180-190. [PMID: 31490573 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although Hispanic/Latino populations have some of the highest rates of obesity in the United States, little is known about their loss of control (LOC) eating, a robust predictor of excess weight gain. This study examined the association between body image concerns and LOC eating frequency in a sample of young Hispanic/Latino men. Body mass index (BMI), ethnic identity, and acculturation were examined as potential moderators. METHOD The sample included 271 Hispanic/Latino men between the ages of 18 and 30 years (Mage = 23.89 ± 3.54; MBMI = 26.46 ± 5.82). Participants completed an online survey and reported on height, weight, and demographic characteristics; concerns with muscularity and body fat; LOC eating frequency in the last 28 days; ethnic identity; and perceived acculturation. RESULTS Negative binomial regression models were conducted, adjusting for BMI, income, education, and presence of a psychiatric diagnosis. Concerns with muscularity and body fat were positively associated with LOC eating frequency (ps < .001). Low BMI exacerbated the link between concerns with body fat and LOC eating frequency (p = .03). The positive association between concerns with muscularity and LOC eating frequency was exacerbated among those who reported low ethnic identity exploration (p = .01). While acculturation did not function as a moderator (ps = .14-.27), it was inversely associated with LOC eating frequency (p < .001). DISCUSSION BMI and ethnic identity are important individual factors to consider in the link between body image concerns and LOC eating among young Hispanic/Latino men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Williamson
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
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13
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A neural basis for food foraging in obesity. Behav Brain Sci 2019; 42:e37. [PMID: 30940250 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x18001905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poverty-related food insecurity can be viewed as a form of economic and nutritional uncertainty that can lead, in some situations, to a desire for more filling and satisfying food. Given the current obesogenic food environment and the nature of the food supply, those food choices could engage a combination of sensory, neurophysiological, and genetic factors as potential determinants of obesity.
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14
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Stasik-O'Brien SM, Schmidt J. The role of disgust in body image disturbance: Incremental predictive power of self-disgust. Body Image 2018; 27:128-137. [PMID: 30218943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between disgust and symptoms of disorders characterized by body image disturbance (BID) is increasingly being examined. In cognitive-behavioral models of psychopathology, disgust may function as a negative emotional response to perceived body defects, leading to avoidance and compulsive behavior. Little research has examined the role of self-disgust - a form of disgust that may be particularly relevant to the body. The present study is a descriptive analysis of the association between BID and self-disgust, controlling for other related variables. Two non-clinical samples completed measures of BID, self-disgust, negative affect, anxiety sensitivity, disgust propensity, and disgust sensitivity. Although BID was associated with all three forms of disgust at the bivariate level, in multivariate analyses self-disgust emerged as a unique predictor of BID, above and beyond all included variables, although effect sizes were small. Potential implications for understanding, preventing, and treating body image-related disorders are discussed.
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