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Varaona A, Alvarez-Mon MA, Serrano-Garcia I, Díaz-Marsá M, Looi JCL, Molina-Ruiz RM. Exploring the Relationship Between Instagram Use and Self-Criticism, Self-Compassion, and Body Dissatisfaction in the Spanish Population: Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e51957. [PMID: 39088263 DOI: 10.2196/51957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of online social networks, particularly among the younger demographic, has catalyzed a growing interest in exploring their influence on users' psychological well-being. Instagram (Meta), a visually oriented platform, has garnered significant attention. Prior research has consistently indicated that Instagram usage correlates with heightened levels of perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and diminished self-esteem. Perfectionism is closely linked to self-criticism, which entails an intense self-scrutiny and is often associated with various psychopathologies. Conversely, self-compassion has been linked to reduced levels of perfectionism and stress, while fostering greater positive affect and overall life satisfaction. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the relationship between Instagram usage (time of use and content exposure) and users' levels of self-compassion, self-criticism, and body dissatisfaction. METHODS This study comprised 1051 adult participants aged between 18 and 50 years, either native to Spain or residing in the country for at least a decade. Each participant completed a tailored questionnaire on Instagram usage, along with abbreviated versions of the Self-Compassion Scale, the Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, spanning from January 23 to February 25, 2022. RESULTS A positive correlation was observed between daily Instagram usage and self-criticism scores. Participants of all age groups who spent over 3 hours per day on Instagram exhibited higher self-criticism scores than users who spent less than 1 hour or between 1 and 3 hours per day. Contrary to previous findings, no significant relationship was detected between Instagram usage time and levels of self-compassion or body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, content centered around physical appearance exhibited a positive correlation with self-criticism and body dissatisfaction scores. Among younger participants (aged 18-35 years), those who primarily viewed beauty or fashion content reported higher self-criticism scores than those consuming science-related content. However, this association was not significant for participants aged 35-50 years. Conversely, individuals who predominantly engaged with sports or fitness or family or friends content exhibited higher levels of body dissatisfaction than those focusing on science-related content. No significant associations were observed between self-compassion scores and daily Instagram usage or most-viewed content categories. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study underscore the considerable impact of Instagram usage on self-criticism and body dissatisfaction-2 variables known to influence users' psychological well-being and be associated with various symptoms and psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varaona
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Serrano-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Díaz-Marsá
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeffrey C L Looi
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, The Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
- Consortium of Australian Academic Psychiatrists for Policy, Research and Analysis, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rosa M Molina-Ruiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Anderson KM, Macler A, Bergenfeld I, Trang QT, Yount KM. The Media and Sexual Violence Among Adolescents: Findings from a Qualitative Study of Educators Across Vietnam. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:2319-2335. [PMID: 38727786 PMCID: PMC11176223 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Growing access to technology and media has presented new avenues of influence on youth attitudes and norms regarding sexuality and sexual violence, as well as new technological pathways through which to perpetrate sexual violence. The aim of this research was to understand contextual influences on and needs for scale-up of sexual violence prevention programming in the media-violence context of Vietnam. We conducted 45 interviews with high school teachers (n = 15), university lecturers (n = 15), and affiliates from youth-focused community service organizations (n = 15) from across Vietnam. Additionally, we conducted four sector-specific focus groups with a sub-sample of interview participants (k = 4, n = 22). Media and technology were brought up consistently in relation to sexual violence prevention and sexual health information. Key informants noted that, in Vietnam, generational differences in acceptability of sex and lack of comprehensive sexuality education intersect with new technological opportunities for exposure to sexual information and media. This creates a complex landscape that can promote sexual violence through priming processes, instigate mimicry of violent media, and presents new opportunities for the perpetration of sexual violence though technology. Development of comprehensive sexual education, including violence prevention education, is imperative, with consideration of age-specific needs for Vietnamese youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Anderson
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia Macler
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Irina Bergenfeld
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Quach Thu Trang
- Center for Creative Initiatives in Health and Population, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kathryn M Yount
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Sociology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Drivas M, Reed OS, Berndt-Goke M. #WhatIEatInADay: The effects of viewing food diary TikTok videos on young adults' body image and intent to diet. Body Image 2024; 49:101712. [PMID: 38636388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The rise of short-form video content has prompted research into its impact on body image; however, little remains known regarding the effects of exposure to food-related content of this type. The present study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by conducting a between-subjects experiment (N = 316) examining the effects of exposure to low-calorie versus high-calorie "What I Eat in A Day" food diary TikTok videos on young adults' body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, and diet intentions. Additionally, this study sought to explore how social comparison and mood might affect participants' responses to these videos. Results indicate that social comparison mediated the relationship between video type (low- vs high- calorie) and positive mood, such that low-calorie videos increased upward social comparison and decreased positive mood, and high-calorie videos increased downward social comparison and increased positive mood. Positive direct effects of positive mood on body appreciation and diet intentions occurred, and a negative direct effect on body dissatisfaction was found. Additionally, positive mood mediated the path from social comparison to diet intentions. These findings highlight the importance of further research into the nuanced impacts of food diary social media content on young adults' body image and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalayna Drivas
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Olivia Simone Reed
- Department of Fine and Performing Arts, Minot State University, Minot, ND, USA
| | - Maranda Berndt-Goke
- Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
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Nerini A, Matera C, Romani F, Di Gesto C, Policardo GR. Retouched or Unaltered? That is the Question. Body Image and Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery in Young Female Instagram Users. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:1229-1238. [PMID: 36534131 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viewing Instagram altered images of attractive women has negative effects on women's body image. This study examined the effects of exposure to a 'before' and 'after' retouched image, in combination with a disclaimer, on female Instagram users' thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction and acceptance of cosmetic surgery. METHODS An experimental design with a control group without pretesting was adopted. Participants (N = 105) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 was exposed to a replica of an Instagram post with an enhanced image of a woman; Group 2 was shown the same enhanced image and the original one in combination with a disclaimer that the enhanced image had been digitally edited; Group 3 (the control) was exposed to a neutral image. RESULTS The MANOVA showed that participants in Group 2 reported lower levels of thin-ideal internalization and acceptance of cosmetic surgery for social reasons compared to those in Group 1. Contrary to our hypothesis, the degree of body dissatisfaction was not significantly different among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study could be promising for the development of brief interventions aimed at reducing the negative effects of Instagram exposure on young women's body image. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nerini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12-Pad. 26, 50135, Florence, Italy.
| | - Camilla Matera
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12-Pad. 26, 50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Romani
- School of Psychology, University of Florence, Via della Torretta 16, 50137, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristian Di Gesto
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Via San Salvi, 12-Pad. 26, 50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Rosa Policardo
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Via San Salvi, 12-Pad. 26, 50135, Florence, Italy
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Fasoli F, Constantinou D. Does body positivity work for men as it does for women? The impact of idealized body and body positive imagery on body satisfaction, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104126. [PMID: 38215542 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to body-positive imagery plays a positive role in women's body image. However, literature has not examined if this is the case for men too. In this study (N = 207), we examined the impact of idealized body and body-positive imagery on both men's and women's body satisfaction and body image concerns. Participants were asked to report their positive and negative mood, body satisfaction, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity before and after being exposed to either control (landscapes and animals), idealized body, or body-positive imagery. Results showed that women were overall more dissatisfied with their bodies and reported a stronger negative mood and a higher drive for thinness than men. Men, instead, reported a higher drive for muscularity. Exposure to idealized body imagery decreased positive mood and body satisfaction in both men and women. In contrast, exposure to body-positive imagery increased body satisfaction and decreased the drive for thinness in both men and women. Drive for muscularity was not affected by the type of imagery. The findings show that idealized body and body-positive imagery have similar effects on men and women and showcase the importance of considering the effects of body-positivity content for both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fasoli
- University of Surrey, School of Psychology, United Kingdom; ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal.
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Rafiq A, Linden B. Social Media and Self-Concept Among Postsecondary Students: A Scoping Review. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:194-201. [PMID: 38315773 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The vast majority of college-aged students use social networking sites (SNS) to foster connectedness and enable networking. In addition, SNS allow individuals to control their online self-presentation. This may lead to incongruence between students' actual selves and their curated online selves, thereby damaging one's self-perception by increasing social comparison orientation. The goal of this article was to investigate the relationship between SNS use and self-concept that has not yet been explored in depth among the postsecondary population. Utilizing Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework, a scoping review of the published literature was conducted. A total of 41 articles were included in the review. Three overarching themes were extracted from the findings. The first theme found that consistent exposure to the thin ideal and fitspiration posts across various SNS were linked to increased body dissatisfaction. The second theme found that engaging in online academic or ability-based comparisons resulted in a worsened mental state among postsecondary students. The third theme found that one's SNS followers or the number of "likes" received have mixed effects on student self-concept. Through gaining an improved understanding of the SNS stressors that contribute to students' mental health from this review, postsecondary institutions can implement more targeted interventions to bolster student wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Rafiq
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brooke Linden
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Almoraie NM, Alothmani NM, Alomari WD, Al-Amoudi AH. Addressing nutritional issues and eating behaviours among university students: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38356364 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
University life is a critical period for establishing healthy eating habits and attitudes. However, university students are at risk of developing poor eating habits due to various factors, including economic conditions, academic stress and lack of information about nutritional concepts. Poor diet quality leads to malnutrition or overnutrition, increasing the risk of preventable diseases. Food environments on university campuses also play a significant role in shaping the dietary habits of students, with the availability of and accessibility to healthy food options being important factors influencing food choices and overall diet quality. Disordered eating habits and body dissatisfaction are prevalent among university students and can lead to eating disorders. Income and living arrangements also influence dietary habits, with low household income and living alone being associated with unhealthy eating habits. This study is a narrative review that aimed to address nutritional issues and eating behaviours, specifically among university students. We investigated the eating behaviours of university students, including their dietary patterns, food choices and food environments. The objective of this review was to provide insights into the nutritional issues and eating behaviours of university students, with the aim of identifying target areas for intervention to improve the overall health and wellbeing among college students. University food environments need to be restructured to promote healthy eating, including the availability, accessibility, affordability and labelling of healthy foods, and policies to limit the availability of unhealthy foods and drinks on campus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Almoraie
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor M Alothmani
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajd D Alomari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H Al-Amoudi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Powell J, Pring T. The impact of social media influencers on health outcomes: Systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116472. [PMID: 38070305 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A fast emerging area of public health interest is the potential role of social media influencers in spreading health information and affecting health behaviour. The aim of this research was to systematically synthesise evidence on the impact of social media influencers on health outcomes. A systematic search of six databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Science Citation Index and Sociology Collection) was conducted in October 2021, with an update search in January 2023. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. We included interventional study designs which examined the effect of social media influencer as the primary or only exposure on a quantified health outcome. We used narrative synthesis to summarise the characteristics and main findings of studies within each of four main topic areas. We assessed quality using a critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies. We identified twelve studies across four areas that met the inclusion criteria: children's dietary behaviour (n = 5), body image dissatisfaction (n = 4), influenza and COVID-19 (n = 2), and social comparison and anxiety (n = 1). Influencer marketing of unhealthy foods had a statistically significant effect on increasing children's immediate energy intake, but no effect was found for influencer promotion of vegetables. When an unhealthy food is marketed by an influencer of unhealthy appearance, this led to an increased preference for healthy snacks. Exposure to idealised influencer body imagery had statistically significant negative impacts on body image and mood. Anxiety caused by viewing idealised portrayals of motherhood was the same whether or not the portrayal was by an influencer. Public health campaigns harnessing influencers to promote hygiene habits in the context of COVID-19 and influenza showed some positive changes in health behaviours. Most of the published studies are of poor methodological quality with poor generalisability and statistical weaknesses. We conclude that social media influencers have both negative and positive impacts on health outcomes, with negative impacts seen consistently in studies of body image dissatisfaction. Further research is needed to harness the potential positive health impact of social media influencers, while mitigating against harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Powell
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Tabitha Pring
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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9
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Rose JP, Edmonds KA, Gallinari E, Herzog NK, Kumar M. Tendencies for Comparing Up and Down: An Examination of the Directional Subscales of the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:127-143. [PMID: 36942897 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2186237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
People vary in their individual tendencies to compare to others-referred to as social comparison orientation (SCO). Researchers have heretofore developed and validated a scale to assess SCO-the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM). The standard INCOM assesses non-directional comparisons, but not directional comparisons to better- and worse-off others. The goal of the present research was to examine the factor structure and validity of directional (and non-directional) comparison tendencies using the expanded INCOM. Across four archival studies and one pre-registered study using student and non-student samples, we provide evidence for 1) a 3-factor structure for the INCOM with non-directional, directional-upward, and directional-downward SCO dimensions, 2) inter-correlations among the SCO dimensions suggesting convergent validity of the directional scales, 3) greater endorsement of non-directional, then directional-upward, and directional-downward SCO, 4) lower SCO among older individuals and members of racial/ethnic minority groups, and 5) strong and consistent associations of directional-upward SCO with well-being and affect, appearance beliefs (e.g., body satisfaction), social emotions (e.g., envy), and agency-related motivations and consequences in interpersonal contexts, but smaller and less consistent associations of non-directional and directional-downward SCO with outcomes (with notable exceptions). Taken together, this research indicates that SCO is a multi-faceted individual difference variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Rose
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Keith A Edmonds
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - Noelle K Herzog
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Megh Kumar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
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Tan WK, Chung MH. Problematic online anime (animation) use: It's relationship with viewers' satisfaction with life, emotions, and emotion regulation. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104049. [PMID: 37793224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are numerous studies on problematic technology use, such as problematic video game use and problematic smartphone use, little is known about problematic online anime use. However, problematic online anime use warrants further examination because of anime's popularity and commercial importance. Furthermore, how emotion strategies and emotions (such as pleasure and arousal) invoked upon watching the online anime are associated with problematic online anime use is not examined in previous studies. To bridge these literature gaps and to contribute to the fields of emotion regulation and media psychology, this study adopts the emotion regulation theory and considers the relationships among viewers' satisfaction with life, feelings of pleasure and arousal arising from watching a particular online anime, cognitive emotion regulation strategies activated because of anime viewing, and potential to exhibit problematic behavior related to online anime use, which is operationalized as viewers' inability to control or reduce watching online anime. Data was collected from viewers who have watched the popular romantic comedy anime Kaguya-sama: Love Is War online via a major online discussion board in Taiwan through the purposive sampling method. Data analysis on the 190 online questionnaire returns (mostly from males and students) through the partial least squares analysis reveals that the emotion regulation theory can be used to examine viewers' perceptions of anime. In the online anime context, the emotion regulation strategy most likely to be invoked is positive refocusing (mean value of 3.68, measured through a 5-point Likert scale) which is in line with how people typically watch anime for immersion and escapism. Satisfaction with life demonstrates its robustness and flexibility in invoking the positive refocusing (path coefficient = 0.17) and refocus on planning (path coefficient = 0.13) strategies. It also lowers the adoption of the maladaptive strategy of catastrophizing (path coefficient = -0.18). While catastrophizing strategy (path coefficient = 0.31) and arousal (path coefficient = 0.24) add to problematic online anime use, pleasure (path coefficient = -0.27) lowers problematic online anime use. Thus, when viewers keep magnifying the severity of a bad situation they are in while watching online anime, instead of making them better, could lead them to the undesirable outcome of problematic online anime use. Although this study has provided several interesting insights, this study has only considered Kaguya-sama: Love Is War and used survey respondents' perception of their extent of problematic online anime use. To increase generalization, future studies could consider other types of anime and alternative means to measure problematic use, such as frequency of online anime viewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Kheng Tan
- National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chung
- National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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11
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Sharma A, Vidal C. A scoping literature review of the associations between highly visual social media use and eating disorders and disordered eating: a changing landscape. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:170. [PMID: 37752611 PMCID: PMC10521472 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the etiology of eating disorders (ED) and disorder eating (DE) is multifactorial, exposure to highly visual social media (HVSM) may be an important contributor to the onset or worsening of DE and ED symptoms. We aim to understand HVSM use, ED, and DE with a particular focus on gender differences, as well as details of engagement on "selfies" in adolescents and young adults (AYA) through a scoping review of the literature. METHODS We conducted a literature search in Psycho ED, PubMed, MEDLINE of articles, including participants with DE/ED and users of HVSM, focused on AYA. Studies in which the study population did not include AYA, the SM platforms used did not include HVSM platforms, and the methodology to assess ED/HVSM use was not robust were excluded. RESULTS We found a strong relationship between HVSM and ED and DE with existing gender differences related to the nature of engagement and preference of content. The literature also shows effects of the specific mechanisms of use of these platforms involving "selfie" preparation and posting. Existing research is limited and consists of mostly cross-sectional studies with no uniform methodology and with participant populations that are not well-defined. CONCLUSIONS The use of unregulated and profit-driven SM platforms can increase risk for ED. To use these HVSM platforms for positive influence, there is a need to have more transparency, and involvement of clinicians, researchers, and educators. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Due to HVSM's popularity among the AYA population, it is important to identify its effects on the development of DE and ED, as well as recognize any gender differences. Clinicians, parents, and other adults working with youth should be aware of HVSM's impact on DE/ED, as described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Sharma
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Carol Vidal
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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12
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Graham S, Newell E, Phillips JB, Pritchard M, Scarf D. Curating a body-positive feed? An attempt to mitigate the negative impacts of thin-ideal content on Instagram. Body Image 2023; 46:168-173. [PMID: 37343314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, research has shown a negative relationship between social media use and body image. For women, these adverse effects tend to result from viewing content that promotes thinness as the ideal body type. Attempts to mitigate these adverse effects using disclaimers have failed. In the current study, we tested whether interspersing thin-ideal content with body-positive posts can mitigate the impact of thin-ideal content. The current study had six conditions. In three conditions, participants were exposed to 20 images of either thin-ideal, body-positive, or nature (control) images from Instagram. In the remaining three conditions, we interspersed the 20 images from the thin-deal condition with either 1 (i.e., 1:20 condition), 2 (i.e., 1:10 condition), or 4 (i.e., 1:5 condition) body-positive posts. For all six conditions, body satisfaction, body appreciation, appearance self-esteem, positive affect, and negative affect were measured before and after exposure. Our results demonstrated that irrespective of frequency, interspersing thin-ideal content with body-positive content did not mitigate decreases in body satisfaction, body appreciation, appearance self-esteem, or positive affect. Our failure to mitigate the negative impact of thin-ideal content adds to a growing body of work demonstrating that combating the impact of thin-ideal content on Instagram is extremely difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Graham
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Eva Newell
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Justin B Phillips
- School of Social Sciences, Political Science and International Relations, University of Waikato, Tauranga Campus, New Zealand
| | - Myra Pritchard
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Damian Scarf
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Martin G, Portingale J, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Krug I. Do appearance comparisons mediate the effects of thinspiration and fitspiration on body dissatisfaction, happiness, and disordered eating urges in women's daily lives? Body Image 2023; 46:108-116. [PMID: 37271033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether thinspo and fitspo exposure predicted women's body dissatisfaction (BD), happiness, and disordered eating (DE) urges (binge-eating/purging, restrictive eating, and exercise) in daily life. A further aim was to assess whether these effects were stronger for thinspo versus fitspo exposure and whether upward appearance comparisons mediated the effect of thinspo-fitspo exposure on BD, happiness, and DE urges. Participants (N = 380 women) completed baseline measures and a 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) investigating state-based experiences of thinspo-fitspo exposure, appearance comparisons, BD, happiness, and DE urges. Multilevel analyses revealed that thinspo-fitspo exposure was associated with greater BD and DE urges (but unrelated to happiness) at the same EMA time point. However, there was no association between thinspo-fitspo exposure and BD, happiness, and DE urges at the next EMA time-point. Thinspo relative to fitspo exposure was associated with greater BD (but unrelated to happiness and DE urges) at the same EMA time-point. The proposed mediation models were not supported in time-lagged analyses; such that upward appearance comparisons did not mediate the effects of thinspo-fitspo exposure on BD, happiness, and DE urges. Current findings provide novel micro-longitudinal data on the potentially direct detrimental effects of thinspo-fitspo exposure on women's daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Martin
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jade Portingale
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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14
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Hogue J, Minister C, Samson L, Campbell G, Mills J. Young women's dialectical responses to fitspiration and thinspiration: A qualitative study. Eat Behav 2023; 50:101758. [PMID: 37276725 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the popularity of image-based social media platforms like Instagram, researchers have begun to study relationships between social media and body image. Much of this research has used quantitative research methods, which cannot capture the rich, inner experiences of individuals. Given the dearth of qualitative research on what young women internally experience when viewing "Thinspiration" or "Fitspiration," this study used the consensual qualitative research (CQR) method, with the aim of capturing in their own words what young women feel and think in response to viewing fitspiration and thinspiration. Twelve young women viewed Fitspiration and Thinspiration profiles and were interviewed about these and similar everyday experiences. The CQR analytic team identified 10 general, 18 typical, and 11 variant domains (i.e., topic areas). An example general domain was "body image," under which the category "body dissatisfaction," fell; by viewing Thinspiration or Fitspiration, these young women were reminded how they are dissatisfied with how they see their own body or were prompted to believe others are reminded of this when viewing such content. An example typical domain was "diet/disordered eating"; several participants associated Thinspiration or Fitspiration with diet or disordered eating. From five of the 10 general domains emerged what we call an emergent dialectical theory of social media and body image. When viewing Thinspiration or Fitspiration, young women often seemed to feel or think two seemingly opposite things simultaneously within the topic areas of attainability, emotional reactions, social comparison, body image, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Hogue
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Claire Minister
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Lindsay Samson
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Gwyneth Campbell
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Mills
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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15
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Momeñe J, Estévez A, Herrero M, Griffiths MD, Olave L, Iruarrizaga I. Emotional regulation and body dissatisfaction: the mediating role of anger in young adult women. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1221513. [PMID: 37529071 PMCID: PMC10390227 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1221513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emotion regulation difficulties have an important role in the presence of negative self-image. These problems in the self-regulation of emotion could lead to negative emotional processes (such as anger) that can lead to body dissatisfaction. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine emotion regulation difficulties than can negatively impact self-image and to understand if anger acts as mediator in the relationship between emotion regulation and body dissatisfaction. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out comprising 565 young adult women aged 18-30 years. The participants were administered the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (STAXI-2), and the Body Dissatisfaction dimension of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2). The proposed hypotheses were tested by path analysis in MPlus 8.0. Results The results indicated that anger had a positive significant effect on body dissatisfaction as well as the non-acceptance of emotional responses, the lack of emotional awareness, and the lack of emotional clarity. Of all the dimensions of emotional regulation difficulties, impulse control difficulty was the dimension which had a positive significant indirect effect on body dissatisfaction explained by increased anger. Discussion The present study suggests the importance of emotion regulation in the prevention of body dissatisfaction. Impulse control difficulty may be the key emotion regulation emotion in explaining the increments of anger that lead to body dissatisfaction. Among young adults, the promotion of positive body image can be promoted by helping this population to self-regulate their anger impulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janire Momeñe
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ana Estévez
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marta Herrero
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leticia Olave
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Itziar Iruarrizaga
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Faculty of Social Work, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Abdollahi A, Prasad KDV, Abdelrasheed NSG, Alshahrani SH, Shoja SJ, Al-Awsi GRL, Estrada-Araoz EG, Singer N, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Mustafa YF, Iswanto AH. An investigation of relationships between body compassion, social physique anxiety and physical appearance perfectionism in young people from Iran. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:90. [PMID: 37277839 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that physical appearance perfectionism could play an important role in social physique anxiety; however, the moderating role of body compassion has not been studied. The current study aims to explore the moderating role of body compassion in the relationship between physical appearance perfectionism and social physique anxiety in undergraduate students. METHODS A sample of 418 undergraduates (n = 418; 217 female and 201 males) from three universities in Tehran, Iran completed online questionnaires measuring physical appearance perfectionism, body compassion and social physique anxiety. RESULTS The results of structural equation modeling showed that physical appearance perfectionism (β = 0.68, p < 0.001) positively predicted the social physique anxiety and body compassion negatively predicted (β = - .56, p < 0.001) the social physique anxiety in undergraduate students. A multi-group analysis showed that body compassion acted as a moderator between physical appearance perfectionism and social physique anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that individuals with greater levels of physical appearance perfectionism are more likely to experience social physique anxiety. Also, the results suggested that individuals who were at a high level of the body-compassion group experienced lower levels of social physical anxiety if they also had high levels of physical appearance perfectionism. Therefore, body-compassion acted as a protective role in the relationship between physical appearance perfectionism and social physique anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - K D V Prasad
- Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Hyderabad, India
- Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | | | | | - Sarah Jawad Shoja
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | | | - Edwin Gustavo Estrada-Araoz
- Academic Department of Education and Humanities, Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Peru
| | - Nermeen Singer
- Media and Children's Culture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Laboratory of Psychometrics, Comparative Psychology and Ethology (LABPPCE), Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - A Heri Iswanto
- Public Health Department, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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17
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Coelho C, Machado P, Machado BC, Gonçalves S. Appearance Comparisons, Affect, Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Pathology in Portuguese Female University Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112484. [PMID: 37299448 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical appearance comparisons have been theorized to be associated with negative indicators of body image. This study aimed to study appearance comparisons and their association to affect, body dissatisfaction, and eating pathology. Three hundred and ten female university students with ages between 17 and 25 years (M = 20.2, SD = 1.9) completed sociodemographic and clinical data, self-reported questionnaires, and questions about appearance comparisons. Among the participants, 98.71% reported making appearance comparisons, and 42.15% of these reported making them frequently or always. Higher reported frequencies of appearance comparisons were related to higher levels of body dissatisfaction, negative affect, and eating pathology. Appearance comparisons to acquaintances were the most frequent. Comparisons in person and through media were reported in similar proportions. Upward comparisons were more frequent than lateral and downward comparisons and were related to higher levels of body dissatisfaction than downward comparisons and to higher levels of body dissatisfaction, negative affect, and eating pathology than lateral comparisons. Upward comparisons to close peers were associated with higher body dissatisfaction as opposed to models/celebrities. Results, limitations, and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Coelho
- Psychology School, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Machado
- Psychology School, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bárbara César Machado
- CEDH-Research Centre for Human Development, Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Psychology School, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
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18
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Sultan M, Scholz C, van den Bos W. Leaving traces behind: Using social media digital trace data to study adolescent wellbeing. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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19
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Graham S, Newell E, Phillips JB, Treharne GJ, Scarf D. #Bodypositive surpasses 1 billion engagements. J Health Psychol 2023; 28:103-106. [PMID: 35733411 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The body-positive movement (#bodypositive) champions body acceptance by celebrating a diverse - visual - array of body types and shapes online. Sparked out of collective resistance to unrealistic bodies on social media, the #bodypositive community has assembled a considerable following: having now surpassed one billion engagements on Instagram. To mark this milestone, we highlight the problem, the promise, and the peril of image-focused movements on Instagram. On balance, we argue #bodypositive content on Instagram likely has a positive impact. As the movement continues to grow though, advocates can look to strengthen the content's positive impact with some careful, research-informed, messaging adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Newell
- University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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20
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YABLONSKA TETIANA, KACHENIUK ANASTASIIA. The Role of Cognitive Distortions in Young Women’s Body Image Perception. SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF MUKACHEVO STATE UNIVERSITY SERIES “PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY” 2022. [DOI: 10.52534/msu-pp.8(4).2022.33-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of modern psychological research and the practice of psychological assistance indicates the relevance of the problem of body image, especially for girls and young women. Therewith, most of the available papers focus on the study of the body image of adolescent girls, which makes it necessary to clarify the predictors of body image in other age periods. The purpose of the study is to highlight the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the role of cognitive distortions in the perception of the body image of adolescent girls. The methodological basis of the research was T. Cash’s cognitive-behavioural concept of understanding body image, the interpretation of psychological mindedness by H. Conte, and A. Freeman’s theory of cognitive errors. The role of various factors in the perception of body image is considered: 1) cognitive distortions as one of the predictors of an irrational strategy of human behaviour and thinking; 2) interest in one’s own personality and understanding of one’s own experiences as a factor of full self-acceptance. A Multidimensional Body-Self Relations QuestionnaireAppearance Scales by T. Cash, Cognitive error questionnaire by A. Freeman and R. DeWolf, psychological mindedness scale by H. Conte, and the author’s questionnaire were used. The study confirmed the influence of social stereotypes on the perception of young women’s own body image. In particular, it is identified that a substantial number of respondents (78.3%) emphasise the existence of social standards and express a desire to lose weight or change the shape of their bodies. It was determined that 71% of respondents have a normal body weight, which does not require changes in terms of health. Correlation analysis showed weak to moderate associations between women’s psychological mindedness indicators and how they perceive their own bodies. A comparison of groups of women who expressed a desire to change their own bodies with women who did not have such a desire identified substantial differences between these groups in the severity of cognitive distortions, such as catastrophisation (p ≤ 0.01) and trust in criticism (p ≤ 0.05). The use of regression analysis confirmed the substantial impact of catastrophisation on how respondents perceive their own body image. There is also a moderate association between catastrophisation and the desire and willingness to discuss their own experiences, which should be considered when creating methods of psychological assistance for women with an irrational perception of their own body image
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21
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Robinson AK, de Almeida-Segundo DS, Pizzinato A. Body satisfaction of lesbian and bisexual Brazilian women: Indicators of self-esteem, physical appearance perfectionism, and identity processes. JOURNAL OF LESBIAN STUDIES 2022; 27:89-106. [PMID: 36484730 DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2022.2150371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article examined the association between body satisfaction and sexual identification among lesbian and bisexual women, since these factors help to understand the cultural background of the objectification of female bodies in Latin cultures. Women who identify as lesbian (N = 239) and bisexual (N = 60) completed demographic data and measures of self-esteem, physical appearance perfectionism, lesbian and bisexual identity difficulties, and body satisfaction. We performed a three-stage hierarchical multiple regression to explore how variables relate to body satisfaction. The results suggest that self-esteem plays a key role, explaining 20.4% of the variance in body satisfaction. We discussed the psychosocial and cultural aspects involved in the relationship between the variables, and social and aesthetic pressures on women's bodies. This study contributes to discussions on psychosocial aspects associated with body satisfaction among Brazilian lesbian and bisexual women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Robinson
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | | | - Adolfo Pizzinato
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
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22
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Zerhouni O, Flaudias V, Barré M, Rodgers RF. The effects of exposure to social media images of thin and average size women on body satisfaction among young women: Emotion regulation and self-efficacy as modulating factors. Body Image 2022; 43:292-300. [PMID: 36240693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although appearance comparison has emerged as an important mechanism underlying the detrimental effects of exposure to idealized social media images on body image among young women, little is known regarding the role of the direction of these comparisons. In addition, to date, little attention has been paid to the role of self-regulation processes in these effects. A sample of 260 female students (Mage = 19.6) from a University in Paris completed an online survey where they were randomly assigned to view thin-ideal or average size social media images of women. Participants reported on state body satisfaction before and after exposure, as well as state appearance comparison and direction of appearance comparison, and trait emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy. Findings revealed no main effect of condition. However, among participants who engaged in upwards appearance comparison the thin-ideal condition was associated with greater decreases in body satisfaction. In addition, three-way interactions revealed that emotional regulation difficulties and self-efficacy both further moderated these effects. These findings suggest that self-regulation processes may be important to account for in the effects of exposure to social media images on body satisfaction among young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oulmann Zerhouni
- Université Paris Nanterre, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de Psychologie, 200 Avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France; Université de Rouen Normandie, Centre de Recherche sur les Fonctionnements et Dysfonctionnements Psychologiques (CRFDP, EA 7475), UFR SHS.
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Université de Nantes, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Maréva Barré
- Université Paris Nanterre, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de Psychologie, 200 Avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France
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23
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Légeret C, Lohmann C, Pedrini L, Sarbach L, Furlano R, Köhler H. Use of Health-Promoting Food and Supplements in Swiss Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121842. [PMID: 36553285 PMCID: PMC9776924 DOI: 10.3390/children9121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our diet is the sum of many different influences and has visibly changed over the past decades. Since children also imitate their parents when it comes to eating habits, the aim of the study was to assess the current dietary habits in Swiss children. METHOD Cross-sectional study of children between 0 and 18 years of age in Switzerland. RESULTS A total of 1964 children participated, with an average age of 7.4 years. A total of 57.9% of participants stated to buy supplements to promote health, while fruit juices/smoothies were the most popular product (42.5%), followed by protein-enriched products (40%) and vitamins/minerals (29%). A statistically significant correlation between longer screen time, a higher socioeconomic background, and the intake of supplements was found. Over 20% of all families regularly consume plant-based drinks. DISCUSSION This Swiss cross-sectional study of over 1900 participants reveals that 58% of all participants buy supplements or special kid's food to promote the child's health. There is a correlation between higher screen time, higher parental income, and the usage of supplements. A total of 23% of participating families consume at least one plant-based drink on a regular basis. As more and more families use supplements, the pediatrician should not only focus on weight, which reflects the intake of macronutrients but should also take a history of whether children omit certain foods or take supplements to ensure the child does not have a deficiency of micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Légeret
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Clarissa Lohmann
- Children’s Hospital of Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Laura Pedrini
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurin Sarbach
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Furlano
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Köhler
- Children’s Hospital of Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Mills JS, Minister C, Samson L. Enriching sociocultural perspectives on the effects of idealized body norms: Integrating shame, positive body image, and self-compassion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:983534. [PMID: 36506975 PMCID: PMC9732395 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.983534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Body image is an integral aspect of the psychology of the self. Idealized body images are ubiquitous in both traditional media forms (e.g., magazines, television) and social media (e.g., Facebook, Instagram). The classic sociocultural model of body image (i.e., the Tripartite Influence Model) emphasizes pathways between idealized body norms, appearance comparisons, internalization of body ideals, and body dissatisfaction and its outcomes. We summarize the model and identify some issues to be addressed in future work, particularly in light of the immense popularity of social media. We review three topics that are not included in the sociocultural model but that provide a more complete picture of the influence of societal body norms on body image: (1) body shame, (2) positive body image, and (3) self-compassion. Research on the nature, assessment, and relevance of these constructs is reviewed in detail. In terms of clinical applications of these areas of research for individuals at risk of body dissatisfaction, we suggest assessing for and targeting body shame, cultivating facets of positive body image, and teaching strategies for developing self-compassion.
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25
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Wallner C, Kruber S, Adebayo SO, Ayandele O, Namatame H, Olonisakin TT, O. Olapegba P, Sawamiya Y, Suzuki T, Yamamiya Y, Wagner MJ, Drysch M, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. Interethnic Influencing Factors Regarding Buttocks Body Image in Women from Nigeria, Germany, USA and Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13212. [PMID: 36293797 PMCID: PMC9602659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image research deals a lot with awareness of the body as an entity. Studies that consider individual anatomical aspects and place them in an intercultural context are rarely present. METHODS For this purpose, general data, body perception and judgment of body images from 2163 (48% female and 52% male) participants from Germany, Nigeria, the USA and Japan were evaluated as part of a survey. RESULTS There were clear differences in the personal body image of the participants' own buttocks, the buttocks as a beauty ideal and the way in which dissatisfaction was dealt with in different countries. In addition to sexual well-being (importance score: 0.405 a.u.), the country of origin (0.353), media consumption (0.042) and one's own weight (0.069) were also identified as influencing factors for satisfaction with one's own buttocks. A clear evolution could be derived regarding a WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) of well below 0.7, which was consistently favored by the participants but also propagated by influencers through images (p < 0.001). In this context, participants who indicated celebrities as role models for the buttocks showed a correspondingly high level of dissatisfaction with their own buttocks (R = -0.207, p < 0.001, ρ = -0.218). CONCLUSION Overall, a highly significant correlation was shown between the consumption frequency of Instagram, TikTok and pornography with the negative perception of women's own buttocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Svenja Kruber
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Olusola Ayandele
- Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
- Department of General Studies, The Polytechnic, Ibadan 200285, Nigeria
| | - Hikari Namatame
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | | | - Peter O. Olapegba
- Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Yoko Sawamiya
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Department of Child Psychology, Tokyo Future University, Tokyo 120-0023, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamamiya
- Department of Undergraduate Studies, Temple University, Japan Campus, Tokyo 154-0004, Japan
| | - Maximilian Johannes Wagner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marius Drysch
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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McComb SE, Mills JS. Eating and body image characteristics of those who aspire to the slim-thick, thin, or fit ideal and their impact on state body image. Body Image 2022; 42:375-384. [PMID: 35930873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The slim-thick ideal is characterized by a small waist and flat stomach, but large hips, thighs, and butt. Little research to date has examined the impact of this body-ideal on women's body image. The purpose of the current study was to investigate: 1) the impact of slim-thick, thin-, and fit-ideal imagery on women's body image, 2) the body ideals women most aspire to, and 3) eating and body image characteristics of women who aspire to each ideal. Participants were 123 female undergraduate students. Results revealed that experimental exposure to slim-thick- and fit-ideal imagery resulted in lower body satisfaction. Participants reported aspiring more to the fit and slim-thick-ideal than to the thin-ideal, and rated the slim-thick-ideal as the most attractive and desirable. Women who aspired to the thin- or slim-thick-ideal reported the greatest overall disordered eating. Women who aspired to the slim-thick-ideal reported greater dietary restraint, eating, shape and weight concerns, appearance ideal internalization, body image investment, and physical appearance perfectionism than those who aspired to the fit-ideal. Findings show that beauty ideals are shifting away from the thin-ideal toward a slim-thick-ideal. Slim-thick internalization may be harmful to women's well-being and should be addressed in body image and eating disorders interventions.
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27
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Chen F, Gu X, Hou J. Research on the Formation Mechanism of Individual Food Waste Behavior from the Perspective of Image Construction. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091290. [PMID: 35564014 PMCID: PMC9105058 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The attention regarding individuals’ external appearance and social identity provides a unique perspective to reveal the cause of their behavior. This study explored the formation mechanism of individual food waste behavior in China from the perspective of appearance image construction and social image construction, especially considering the role of emotion, education level, and body mass index (BMI) in relationship transmission. This study collected data by questionnaire in 133 cities in 32 provinces of China. By using the methods of factor analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis, the results show that individuals with high need for external appearance image (r = 0.242, p < 0.001) and social image construction (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) are more likely to waste food. In terms of transmission mechanisms, positive emotions (e.g., excitement) (β = 0.104~0.187, 95% confidence interval) and negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and disgust) (β = 0.08~0.177, 95% confidence interval) are the intermediary factors of image construction affecting food waste behavior, and emotional fluctuations can aggravate individuals’ food waste behavior. In terms of interaction effects, BMI significantly positively regulates the predictive effect of image construction on food waste behavior, while the level of education buffers this predictive effect. Finally, relevant policy suggestions are put forward to guide individuals to reduce food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Chen
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; (F.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiao Gu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; (F.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Jing Hou
- Business School, Jiangsu Normal University, No. 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Correspondence:
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28
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Jarman HK, McLean SA, Griffiths S, Teague SJ, Rodgers RF, Paxton SJ, Austen E, Harris E, Steward T, Shatte A, Khanh-Dao Le L, Anwar T, Mihalopoulos C, Parker AG, Yager Z, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Critical measurement issues in the assessment of social media influence on body image. Body Image 2022; 40:225-236. [PMID: 35032949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress towards understanding how social media impacts body image hinges on the use of appropriate measurement tools and methodologies. This review provides an overview of common (qualitative, self-report survey, lab-based experiments) and emerging (momentary assessment, computational) methodological approaches to the exploration of the impact of social media on body image. The potential of these methodologies is detailed, with examples illustrating current use as well as opportunities for expansion. A key theme from our review is that each methodology has provided insights for the body image research field, yet is insufficient in isolation to fully capture the nuance and complexity of social media experiences. Thus, in consideration of gaps in methodology, we emphasise the need for big picture thinking that leverages and combines the strengths of each of these methodologies to yield a more comprehensive, nuanced, and robust picture of the positive and negative impacts of social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Jarman
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.
| | - Siân A McLean
- The Bouverie Centre, School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha J Teague
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France
| | - Susan J Paxton
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Austen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Harris
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Shatte
- School of Engineering, Information Technology & Physical Sciences, Federation University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Long Khanh-Dao Le
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Tarique Anwar
- Department of Computing Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Alexandra G Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Orygen and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zali Yager
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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29
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Gobin KC, McComb SE, Mills JS. Testing a self-compassion micro-intervention before appearance-based social media use: Implications for body image. Body Image 2022; 40:200-206. [PMID: 34990896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Using social media applications can lead to increased body dissatisfaction among young women, particularly when they compare themselves to such images. One intervention for combating these harmful effects may be through self-compassion, or the ability to treat oneself as a friend. The goal of this study was to determine whether a self-compassion micro-intervention could prevent increases in body dissatisfaction after comparing themselves to thin ideal images on Instagram. In an online study, 230 women (M = 25.88, SD = 0.70) completed measures of state weight and appearance dissatisfaction before completing a brief self-compassion writing task (experimental condition) or a simple sorting task (control condition). After completing the assigned tasks, participants reported state body dissatisfaction. Next, they were asked to compare themselves to pre-selected thin ideal images of a curated Instagram profile before reporting state body dissatisfaction for a final time. The results demonstrated that the self-compassion intervention led to decreased in weight dissatisfaction and appearance dissatisfaction that were maintained after Instagram use. Those in the control condition showed increased in body image concern after Instagram use. These preliminary findings suggest that a self-compassion micro-intervention may serve as an effective buffer against certain adverse effects of social media on body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha C Gobin
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Sarah E McComb
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Mills
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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30
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McComb SE, Mills JS. The effect of physical appearance perfectionism and social comparison to thin-, slim-thick-, and fit-ideal Instagram imagery on young women's body image. Body Image 2022; 40:165-175. [PMID: 34968854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Body image research to date has examined the impact of thin- and fit-ideal media on women's body image, however cultural trends in Western media have recently shifted towards a curvier body type called slim-thick, which is characterized by a large butt and thighs and small waist and flat stomach. We experimentally examined the impact of forced social comparison to slim-thick-, thin-, and fit-ideal imagery on women's body image relative to a control condition, and whether physical appearance perfectionism moderated these findings. Participants were 402 female undergraduate students. Results revealed that comparison to body-ideal imagery resulted in greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction and less overall body satisfaction, relative to the control condition. Those exposed to slim-thick imagery experienced more weight and appearance dissatisfaction and less body satisfaction than those in the thin-ideal condition. Physical appearance perfectionism moderated these results, such that women who reported moderate or high levels of physical appearance perfectionism experienced greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction and lower body satisfaction in the slim-thick condition, than in the thin-ideal, fit-ideal, or control conditions. It was concluded that drive to achieve body ideals is shifting to a slim-thick body, which maybe more detrimental to women's body image than thin-ideal imagery.
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31
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Rica R, Solar M, Moreno-Encinas A, Foguet S, Compte EJ, Sepúlveda AR. Physical Appearance Perfectionism: Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of an Assessment Instrument in a Representative Sample of Males. Front Psychol 2022; 13:806460. [PMID: 35250737 PMCID: PMC8894442 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.806460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfectionism is a multidimensional construct with both positive and negative aspects. Recently, the concept of appearance-oriented perfectionism has been introduced, which is associated with body image dissatisfaction and weight and shape control behaviors. The Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale (PAPS) is a 12-item two-factor instrument developed to assess this new dimension of perfectionism. The aim of the study is to validate the Spanish version of PAPS among a representative sample of 850 male university students in Spain (M = 20 years old; SD = 2.7). Exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure, internal consistency, convergent and concurrent validity, and associated predictor variables analyses have been carried out. Results showed that the Spanish version of the PAPS maintains the original factor structure with all items and proves to be a reliable instrument. Physical appearance-oriented perfectionism is associated with general perfectionism, higher body dissatisfaction, Eating Disorders and Muscle Dysmorphia symptomatology, and compulsive exercise, particularly in the Worry about Imperfection subscale. These variables also act as predictors of physical appearance perfectionism. The use of the PAPS-S and the analysis of its subscales is recommended in the context of body image-related pathologies such as Eating Disorders and Muscle Dysmorphia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Rica
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Solar
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara Foguet
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Rosa Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Rosa Sepúlveda,
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32
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Etherson ME, Curran T, Smith MM, Sherry SB, Hill AP. Perfectionism as a vulnerability following appearance-focussed social comparison: A multi-wave study with female adolescents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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McComb SE, Gobin KC, Mills JS. The effects of self-disclaimer Instagram captions on young women's mood and body image: The moderating effect of participants' own photo manipulation practices. Body Image 2021; 38:251-261. [PMID: 33964566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current experiment investigated the impact of attaching self-disclaimer captions (i.e., captions about whether photos had been edited) to thin-ideal Instagram photos on young women's body image and mood. Participants were 311 undergraduate students aged 18-25 years. Participants were randomly assigned to view images of a thin woman on Instagram with no captions, or with a generic, specific, or warning self-disclaimer caption, and completed pre and post measures of body image and mood and a questionnaire about their own photo-editing practices. Across all conditions, exposure to the images resulted in decreased body satisfaction, likelihood to compare one's body to another's, happiness, confidence, and anxiety. There was no significant effect of disclaimer type on body image or mood, and therefore no type of self-disclaimer had an ameliorating effect. However, specific disclaimers were superior to the other disclaimers at reducing likelihood to compare one's body to another's, for women high on photo manipulation. Future research should be conducted in adolescent girls and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E McComb
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Keisha C Gobin
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Jennifer S Mills
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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34
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Studying Social Media Burnout and Problematic Social Media use: The implication of perfectionism and metacognitions. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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