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Kato H, Nagao M, Furukawa K, Mishima Y, Ichikawa S, Sato T, Miyazawa K, Hamamura K. Globo-series Gb4 activates ERK and promotes the proliferation of osteoblasts. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:41-48. [PMID: 37939880 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globo-series Gb4 (globoside) is involved in the immune system and disease pathogenesis. We recently reported that systemic Gb4 deficiency in mice led to decreased bone formation due to a reduction in osteoblast number. However, it remains unclear whether Gb4 expressed in osteoblasts promotes their proliferation. Therefore, we investigated the role of Gb4 in osteoblast proliferation in vitro. METHODS We examined osteoblast proliferation in Gb3 synthase knockout mice lacking Gb4. We investigated the effects of Gb4 synthase knockdown in the mouse osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 on its proliferation. Furthermore, we administered Gb4 to MC3T3-E1 cells in which Gb4 was suppressed by a glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor and evaluated its effects on their proliferation. To elucidate the mechanisms by which Gb4 promotes osteoblast proliferation, the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) levels were measured in MC3T3-E1 cells. RESULTS Osteoblast proliferation was lower in Gb3 synthase knockout mice lacking Gb4 than in wild-type mice. Proliferation was inhibited by Gb4 synthase knockdown in MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, the administration of Gb4 to MC3T3-E1 cells, in which a GCS inhibitor suppressed Gb4, promoted their proliferation. Moreover, it increased the phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels in MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Gb4 expressed in osteoblasts promotes their proliferation through ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanami Kato
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayu Nagao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Mishima
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shota Ichikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuma Sato
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Jaworski JP, Urrutia M, Dascal E, Jaita G, Peluffo MC. C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 as a novel intermediate in the ovulatory cascade. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:289-300. [PMID: 32159806 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of immune function genes within follicle cells has been reported in ovaries from many species. Recent work from our laboratory showed a direct effect of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 system within the feline cumulus oocyte complex, by increasing the mRNA levels of key genes involved in the ovulatory cascade in vitro. Studies were designed to evaluate if C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 acts as a novel mediator of the ovulatory cascade in vitro. Therefore, feline cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured in the presence or absence of a highly selective C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonist together with known inducers of cumulus-oocyte expansion and/or oocyte maturation to assess mRNA expression of key genes related to periovulatory events in other species as well as oocyte maturation. Also, the effects of recombinant monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 on spontaneous or gonadotrophin-induced oocyte maturation were assessed. This is an in vitro system using isolated cumulus oocyte complexes from feline ovaries. The present study reveals the modulation of several key ovulatory genes by a highly selective C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonist. However, this antagonist was not enough to block the oocyte maturation induced by gonadotropins or amphiregulin. Nonetheless, recombinant monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 had a significant effect on spontaneous oocyte maturation, increasing the percentage of metaphase II stage oocytes in comparison to the control. This is the first study in any species to establish C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 as a mediator of some actions of the mid-cycle gonadotrophin surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jaworski
- Instituto de Virología, INTA (National Institute of Agricultural Technology-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria)-CONICET, Argentina. Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros 10 s/n, Castelar, Argentina
| | - M Urrutia
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Dascal
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Jaita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Peluffo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Skeleton formation and its proper functioning is possible thanks to specialized bone tissue
cells: bone forming osteoblasts, bone resorbing osteoclasts and osteocytes located in bone
cavities.
Gap junctions are transmembrane channels connecting neighboring cell. Thanks to gap junctions
it is possible for signals to be directly transmitted by cells. Gap junction type channels,
and more specifically the connexin proteins that build them, have a key impacton the bone
turnover process, and thus on both bone building and remodeling. A particularly important
connexin in bone tissue is connexin43 (Cx43), which is necessary in the proper course of the
bone formation process and in maintaining bone homeostasis.
The importance of the presence of Cx43 in bones is showed by skeletal defects in diseases
such as ODD syndrome and craniometaphyseal dysplasia caused by mutations in GJA1, the
gene encoding Cx43. The role of Cx43 in the differentiation of stem cells into bone cells,
anti-apoptotic action of bisphosphonates and bone responses to hormonal and mechanical
stimuli have also been demonstrated. In addition to connexin43, the presence of other connexins
such as connexin45, 46 and 37 was also noted in bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Łukowicz
- Zakład Biologii i Obrazowania Komórki, Instytut Zoologii i Badań Biomedycznych, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie
| | - Karolina Fijał
- Zakład Biologii i Obrazowania Komórki, Instytut Zoologii i Badań Biomedycznych, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie
| | - Aleksandra Nowak
- Zakład Biologii i Obrazowania Komórki, Instytut Zoologii i Badań Biomedycznych, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie
| | - Anna M. Osyczka
- Zakład Biologii i Obrazowania Komórki, Instytut Zoologii i Badań Biomedycznych, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie
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4
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TGF-β prevents the denervation-induced reduction of bone formation and promotes the bone regeneration through inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190350. [PMID: 31015371 PMCID: PMC6522721 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) can stimulate osteogenesis as a multifunctional protein. The present study was to explore if TGF-β can prevent denervation-induced reduction of bone formation. Materials & methods: The 6-week-old male mice were treated with recombinant human TGF-β1 (rhTGF-β1). Bone formation, endochondral bone growth rates, and gene expression of osteoblast markers were measured in the skeletal tissue by real-time PCR. Results: RhTGF-β1 treatment prevented the denervation-induced decrease in bone formation rates, endochondral growth, and expression of Cbfa1/Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2), Ostecalcin (OC), and ColIA1. TGF-β1 partially inhibited the denervation-induced ubiquitination of Cbfa1/Runx2 in mouse cancellous bones via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Conclusion: TGF-β prevents denervation-induced reduction of bone formation and promotes the bone regeneration through inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway at least partially.
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5
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Transforming growth factor-β1 up-regulates connexin43 expression in osteocytes via canonical Smad-dependent signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181678. [PMID: 30482881 PMCID: PMC6294634 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43)-mediated gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has been shown to be important in regulating multiple functions of bone cells. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) exhibited controversial effects on the expression of Cx43 in different cell types. To date, the effect of TGF-β1 on the Cx43 expression of osteocytes is still unknown. In the present study, we detected the expression of TGF-β1 in osteocytes and bone tissue, and then used recombinant mouse TGF-β1 to elucidate its effect on gap junctions (GJs) of osteocytes. Our data indicated that TGF-β1 up-regulated both mRNA and protein expression of Cx43 in osteocytes. Together with down-regulation of Cx43 expression after being treated with TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor Repsox, we deduced that TGF-β1 can positively regulate Cx43 expression in osteocytes. Thus we next focussed on the downstream signals of TGF-β and found that TGF-β1-mediated smads, Smad3 and Smad4, to translocate into nucleus. These translocated signal proteins bind to the promoter of Gja1 which was responsible for the changed expression of Cx43. The present study provides evidence that TGF-β1 can enhance GJIC between osteocytes through up-regulating Cx43 expression and the underlying mechanism involved in the activation of Smad-dependent pathway.
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Li T, Gao D, Du M, Cheng X, Mao X. Casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysates inhibit PGE2 production and COX2 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells via Akt mediated NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Food Funct 2018; 9:2524-2532. [PMID: 29666854 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01989k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysate (GMPH) was found to possess inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in our previous study. In the current study, the inhibitory effect and the underlying molecular mechanism of GMPH on inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were further investigated. Results showed that GMPH significantly suppressed LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. GMPH reduced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. GMPH also attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAPK (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38) and protein kinase B (Akt). Furthermore, GMPH inhibited nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation by suppressing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, which was markedly reversed by LY294002, an Akt inhibitor. These results demonstrated that GMPH exerts anti-inflammatory functions through the inactivation of MAPK and Akt in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, therefore may hold potential to ameliorate inflammation-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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7
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Farzamfar S, Naseri-Nosar M, Sahrapeyma H, Ehterami A, Goodarzi A, Rahmati M, Ahmadi Lakalayeh G, Ghorbani S, Vaez A, Salehi M. Tetracycline hydrochloride-containing poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly lactic acid scaffold for bone tissue engineering application: in vitro and in vivo study. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1466133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Farzamfar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Naseri-Nosar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Sahrapeyma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Ehterami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Arash Goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadi Lakalayeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Ghorbani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Tissue Engineering and stem cells research center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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8
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Ghayor C, Gjoksi B, Dong J, Siegenthaler B, Caflisch A, Weber FE. N,N Dimethylacetamide a drug excipient that acts as bromodomain ligand for osteoporosis treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42108. [PMID: 28176838 PMCID: PMC5296751 DOI: 10.1038/srep42108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) is a water-miscible solvent, FDA approved as excipient and therefore widely used as drug-delivery vehicle. As such, DMA should be devoid of any bioactivity. Here we report that DMA is epigenetically active since it binds bromodomains and inhibits osteoclastogenesis and inflammation. Moreover, DMA enhances bone regeneration in vivo. Therefore, our in vivo and in vitro data reveal DMA's potential as an anti-osteoporotic agent via the inhibition of osteoclast mediated bone resorption and enhanced bone regeneration. Our results highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of DMA and the need for reconsideration of previous reports where DMA was used as an 'inactive' drug-delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bebeka Gjoksi
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Siegenthaler
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland.,CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Interleukin-1β, lipocalin 2 and nitric oxide synthase 2 are mechano-responsive mediators of mouse and human endothelial cell-osteoblast crosstalk. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29880. [PMID: 27430980 PMCID: PMC4949438 DOI: 10.1038/srep29880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are spatially close to osteoblasts and regulate osteogenesis. Moreover, they are sensitive to mechanical stimuli, therefore we hypothesized that they are implicated in the regulation of bone metabolism during unloading. Conditioned media from endothelial cells (EC-CM) subjected to simulated microgravity (0.08g and 0.008g) increased osteoblast proliferation and decreased their differentiation compared to unit gravity (1g) EC-CM. Microgravity-EC-CM increased the expression of osteoblast Rankl and subsequent osteoclastogenesis, and induced the osteoblast de-differentiating factor, Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), whose downregulation recovered osteoblast activity, decreased Rankl expression and reduced osteoclastogenesis. Microgravity-EC-CM enhanced osteoblast NO-Synthase2 (NOS2) and CycloOXygenase2 (COX2) expression. Inhibition of NOS2 or NO signaling reduced osteoblast proliferation and rescued their differentiation. Nuclear translocation of the Lcn2/NOS2 transcription factor, NF-κB, occurred in microgravity-EC-CM-treated osteoblasts and in microgravity-treated endothelial cells, alongside high expression of the NF-κB activator, IL-1β. IL-1β depletion and NF-κB inhibition reduced osteoblast proliferation and rescued differentiation. Lcn2 and NOS2 were incremented in ex vivo calvarias cultured in microgravity-EC-CM, and in vivo tibias and calvarias injected with microgravity-EC-CM. Furthermore, tibias of botulin A toxin-treated and tail-suspended mice, which featured unloading and decreased bone mass, showed higher expression of IL-1β, Lcn2 and Nos2, suggesting their pathophysiologic involvement in endothelial cell-osteoblast crosstalk.
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10
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Lamy S, Ben Saad A, Zgheib A, Annabi B. Olive oil compounds inhibit the paracrine regulation of TNF-α-induced endothelial cell migration through reduced glioblastoma cell cyclooxygenase-2 expression. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 27:136-45. [PMID: 26410343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The established causal relationship between the chronic inflammatory microenvironment, tumor development and cancer recurrence has provided leads for developing novel preventive strategies. Accumulating experimental, clinical and epidemiological data has provided support for the chemopreventive properties of olive oil compounds traditionally found within the Mediterranean diet. In this study, we investigated whether tyrosol (Tyr), hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and oleic acid (OA), four compounds contained in extra virgin olive oil, can prevent tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 (an inflammation biomarker) in a human glioblastoma cell (U-87 MG) model. We found that Tyr and OA significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced COX-2 gene and protein expression, as well as PGE2 secretion. Both compounds also inhibited TNF-α-induced JNK and ERK phosphorylation, whereas only Tyr inhibited TNF-α-induced NF-κB phosphorylation. Paracrine-regulated migration of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) was assessed using growth factor-enriched conditioned media (CM) isolated from U-87 MG cells. We found that while PGE2 triggered HBMEC migration, the CM isolated from U-87 MG cells, where either COX-2 or NF-κB had been silenced or had been treated with Tyr or OA, exhibited decreased chemotactic properties. These observations demonstrate that olive oil compounds inhibit the effect of the chronic inflammatory microenvironment on glioblastoma progression through TNF-α actions and may be useful in cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lamy
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
| | - Aroua Ben Saad
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
| | - Alain Zgheib
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
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Saito H, Nakamachi T, Inoue K, Ikeda R, Kitamura K, Minamino N, Shioda S, Miyata A. Autocrine effects of neuromedin B stimulate the proliferation of rat primary osteoblasts. J Endocrinol 2013; 217:141-50. [PMID: 23428580 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuromedin B (NMB) is a mammalian bombesin-like peptide that regulates exocrine/endocrine secretion, smooth muscle contraction, body temperature, and the proliferation of some cell types. Here, we show that mRNA encoding Nmb and its receptor (Nmbr) are expressed in rat bone tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that NMB and NMBR colocalize in osteoblasts, epiphyseal chondrocytes, and proliferative chondrocytes of growth plates from mouse hind limbs. Then, we investigated the effect of NMB on the proliferation of rat primary cultured osteoblasts. Proliferation assays and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays demonstrated that NMB augments the cell number and enhances DNA synthesis in osteoblasts. Pretreatment with the NMBR antagonist BIM23127 inhibited NMB-induced cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. Western blot analysis showed that NMB activates ERK1/2 MAPK signaling in osteoblasts. Pretreatment with the MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 attenuated NMB-induced cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. We also investigated the effects of molecules that contribute to osteoblast proliferation and differentiation on Nmb expression in osteoblasts. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) and transforming growth factor β1 increase and decrease Nmb mRNA expression levels respectively. Finally, proliferation assays revealed that the NMBR antagonist BIM23127 suppresses E2-induced osteoblast proliferation. These results suggest that NMB/NMBR signaling plays an autocrine or paracrine role in osteoblast proliferation and contributes to the regulation of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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12
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Minamizaki T, Yoshiko Y, Yoshioka H, Kozai K, Aubin JE, Maeda N. The EP4-ERK-dependent pathway stimulates osteo-adipogenic progenitor proliferation resulting in increased adipogenesis in fetal rat calvaria cell cultures. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 97:97-102. [PMID: 22265865 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that fetal rat calvaria (RC) cells are osteo-adipogenic bipotential and that PGE(2) receptors EP2 and EP4 are involved in bone nodule formation via both common and distinct MAPK pathways in RC cell cultures. Because PGE(2) participates in multiple biological processes including adipogenesis, it is of interest to determine the additional role(s) of PGE(2) in RC cells. PGE(2) increased the number of adipocyte colonies when RC cells were treated during proliferation but not other development stages. Of four EP agonists tested, the EP4 agonist ONO-AE1-437 (EP4A) was the most effective in promoting adipogenesis. Concomitantly, EP4A increased the number of cells with BrdU labeling and gene expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)δ and c-fos but not peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 and C/EBPα. Amongst MAPK inhibitors, U0126, an inhibitor of MEK1/2, abrogated the EP4A-dependent effects. Our results suggest that the PGE(2)-EP4-ERK pathway increases the number of osteo-adipogenic bipotential progenitor cells, with a resultant increase in adipogenesis in RC cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Minamizaki
- Department of Oral Growth and Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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13
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Ofek O, Attar-Namdar M, Kram V, Dvir-Ginzberg M, Mechoulam R, Zimmer A, Frenkel B, Shohami E, Bab I. CB2 cannabinoid receptor targets mitogenic Gi protein-cyclin D1 axis in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:308-16. [PMID: 20803555 PMCID: PMC3179350 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CB2 is a Gi protein-coupled receptor activated by endo- and phytocannabinoids, thus inhibiting stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. CB2 is expressed in bone cells and Cb2 null mice show a marked age-related bone loss. CB2-specific agonists both attenuate and rescue ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Activation of CB2 stimulates osteoblast proliferation and bone marrow derived colony-forming units osteoblastic. Here we show that selective and nonselective CB2 agonists are mitogenic in MC3T3 E1 and newborn mouse calvarial osteoblastic cultures. The CB2 mitogenic signaling depends critically on the stimulation of Erk1/2 phosphorylation and de novo synthesis of MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (Mapkapk2) mRNA and protein. Further downstream, CB2 activation enhances CREB transcriptional activity and cyclin D1 mRNA expression. The CB2-induced stimulation of CREB and cyclin D1 is inhibitable by pertussis toxin, the MEK-Erk1/2 inhibitors PD098059 and U0126, and Mapkapk2 siRNA. These data demonstrate that in osteoblasts CB2 targets a Gi protein-cyclin D1 mitogenic axis. Erk1/2 phosphorylation and Mapkapk2 protein synthesis are critical intermediates in this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orr Ofek
- Bone Laboratory, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lei WW, Zhang KH, Pan XC, Wang DM, Hu Y, Yang YN, Song JG. Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 differentially regulate apoptosis by opposing effects on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Cell Death Dis 2010; 1:e44. [PMID: 21364650 PMCID: PMC3032309 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulators that are important for the control of various pathophysiological events. We found that HDAC inhibitors completely abolished transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced apoptosis in AML-12 and primary mouse hepatocytes. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of HDAC1 or downregulation of HDAC1 by RNAi both suppressed TGF-β1-induced apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of HDAC1 enhanced TGF-β1-induced apoptosis, and the rescue of HDAC1 expression in HDAC1 RNAi cells restored the apoptotic response of cells to TGF-β1. These data indicate that HDAC1 functions as a proapoptotic factor in TGF-β1-induced apoptosis. In contrast, downregulation of HDAC2 by RNAi increased spontaneous apoptosis and markedly enhanced TGF-β1-induced apoptosis, suggesting that HDAC2 has a reciprocal role in controlling cell survival. Furthermore, inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) by MEK1 inhibitor PD98059 or expression of a kinase-dead mutant of MEK1 restored the apoptotic response to TGF-β1 in HDAC1 RNAi cells. Strikingly, HDAC2 RNAi caused an inhibition of ERK1/2, and the spontaneous apoptosis can be abolished by reactivation of ERK1/2. Taken together, our data demonstrate that HDAC1 and 2 reciprocally affect cell viability by differential regulation of ERK1/2; these observations provide insight into the roles and potential mechanisms of HDAC1 and 2 in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-W Lei
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - K-H Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - X-C Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - D-M Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Y Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Y-N Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - J-G Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Lv XJ, Li YY, Zhang YJ, Mao M, Qian GS. Over-expression of caveolin-1 aggravate LPS-induced inflammatory response in AT-1 cells via up-regulation of cPLA2/p38 MAPK. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:531-41. [PMID: 20099006 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The aim of this study was to study the effect of caveolin-1 on the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in mouse lung alveolar type-1 cells' (AT-1 cells) inflammatory response induced by LPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene clone technique was used to over-express caveolin-1 in AT-1 cells by lentivirus vector. The level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), cPLA2, p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB was measured by ELISA, western blotting and EMSA. TREATMENT AT-1 cells were treated with LPS. RESULTS Over-expression of caveolin-1 not only increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and IL-6, but also enhanced the expression of the cPLA2, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappaB. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that over-expression of caveolin-1 aggravates the AT-1 injury induced by LPS, involving in modulation of the cPLA2 mediated by the cPLA2/p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Lv
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Liu J, Someren E, Mentink A, Licht R, Dechering K, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J. The effect of PKC activation and inhibition on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2009; 4:329-39. [DOI: 10.1002/term.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Miguel BS, Ghayor C, Ehrbar M, Jung RE, Zwahlen RA, Hortschansky P, Schmoekel HG, Weber FE. N-methyl pyrrolidone as a potent bone morphogenetic protein enhancer for bone tissue regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:2955-63. [PMID: 19320543 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In medicine, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) has a long track record as a constituent in medical devices approved by the Food and Drug Administration and thus can be considered as a safe and biologically inactive small chemical. In the present study, we report on the newly discovered pharmaceutical property of NMP in enhancing bone regeneration in a rabbit calvarial defect model in vivo. At the cellular level, the pharmaceutical effect of NMP was confirmed, in particular, in combination with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, because NMP increased early and late markers for maturation of preosteoblasts and human bone marrow-derived stem cells in vitro. When we used the multipotent cell line C2C12 without autologous BMP expression, NMP alone had no effect on alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker for osteogenic transdifferentiation. Nevertheless, in combination with low BMP-2 doses, alkaline phosphatase activity was more than eight times as great. Thus, the pharmaceutical NMP mode of action is that of an enhancer of BMP activity. The dependency of the effects of NMP on BMP was confirmed in preosteoblasts because noggin, an extracellular BMP inhibitor, suppressed NMP-induced increases in early markers for osteoblast maturation in vitro. At the molecular level, NMP was shown to have no effect on the binding of BMP-2 to the ectodomain of the high-affinity BMP receptor IA. However, NMP further increased the phosphorylation of p38 and Smad1,5,8 induced by BMP-2. Thus, the small chemical NMP enhances BMP activity by increasing the kinase activity of the BMP receptor complex for Smad1,5,8 and p38 and could be employed as a potent drug for bone tissue regeneration and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca San Miguel
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Minamizaki T, Yoshiko Y, Kozai K, Aubin JE, Maeda N. EP2 and EP4 receptors differentially mediate MAPK pathways underlying anabolic actions of prostaglandin E2 on bone formation in rat calvaria cell cultures. Bone 2009; 44:1177-85. [PMID: 19233324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Of the four prostaglandin (PG) E receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4), EP2 and EP4 have been proposed to mediate the anabolic action of PGE(2) on bone formation but comparative evaluation studies of EPs on bone formation do not necessarily share a common mechanism, implying that their additional features including downstream MAPK pathways may be beneficial to resolve this issue. We systematically assessed the roles of EPs in the rat calvaria (RC) cell culture model by using four selective EP agonists (EPAs). Consistent with relative expression levels of the respective receptors, multiple phenotypic traits of bone formation in vitro, including proliferation of nodule-associated cells, osteoblast marker expression and mineralized nodule formation were upregulated not only by PGE(2) but equally by EP2A and EP4A, but not by EP1A and EP3A. EP2A and EP4A were effective when cells were treated chronically or pulse-treated during nascent nodule formation. EP2A and EP4A equally stimulated the endogenous PGE(2) production, while EP2A caused a greater increase in cAMP production and c-Fos gene expression compared to EP4A. EP2A and EP4A activated predominantly p38 MAPK and ERK respectively, while c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was equally activated by both agonists. SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) blocked the PGE(2) effect on mineralized nodule formation, while U0126 (ERK inhibitor) and dicumarol (JNK inhibitor) were less effective. PGE(2)-dependent phosphorylation of the MAPKs was affected not only by protein kinase (PK)A and PKC inhibitors but also by adenylate cyclase and PKC activators. Co-treatment of RC cells with EP2A or EP4A and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2, whose effects on bone nodule formation is known to be, in part, mediated through the PKA and p38 MAPK pathways, resulted in an additive effect on mineralized nodule formation. Further, PGE(2), EP2A and EP4A did not increase BMP2/4 mRNA levels in RC cells, and EP2-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was not eliminated by Noggin. These results suggest that, in the RC cell model, the anabolic actions of PGE(2) on mineralized nodule formation are mediated at least in part by activation of the EP2 and EP4 receptor subtype-specific MAPK pathways, independently of BMP signaling, in cells associated with nascent bone nodules.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Oxytocics/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Skull/cytology
- Skull/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Minamizaki
- Department of Oral Growth and Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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19
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González-Flores O, Gómora-Arrati P, Garcia-Juárez M, Gómez-Camarillo MA, Lima-Hernández FJ, Beyer C, Etgen AM. Nitric oxide and ERK/MAPK mediation of estrous behavior induced by GnRH, PGE2 and db-cAMP in rats. Physiol Behav 2009; 96:606-12. [PMID: 19162055 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that GnRH, PGE2 and db-cAMP act via the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP and MAPK pathways to facilitate estrous behavior (lordosis and proceptivity) in estradiol-primed female rats. Estradiol-primed rats received intracerebroventricular (icv) infusions of pharmacological antagonists of NO synthase (L-NAME), NO-dependent soluble guanylyl cyclase (ODQ), protein kinase G (KT5823), or the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 15 min before icv administration of 50 ng of GnRH, 1 microg of PGE2 or 1 microg of db-cAMP. Icv infusions of GnRH, PGE2 and db-cAMP enhanced estrous behavior at 1 and 2 h after drug administration. Both L-NAME and ODQ blocked the estrous behavior induced by GnRH, PGE2 and db-cAMP at some of the times tested. The protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823 reduced PGE2 and db-cAMP facilitation of estrous behavior but did not affect the behavioral response to GnRH. In contrast, PD98059 blocked the estrous behavior induced by all three compounds. These data support the hypothesis that the NO-cGMP and ERK/MAPK pathways are involved in the lordosis and proceptive behaviors induced by GnRH, PGE2 and db-cAMP. However, cGMP mediation of GnRH-facilitated estrous behavior is independent of protein kinase G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar González-Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Apdo. Postal 62, Tlaxcala 90000, Mexico
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20
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Kim JE, Ahn MW, Baek SH, Lee IK, Kim YW, Kim JY, Dan JM, Park SY. AMPK activator, AICAR, inhibits palmitate-induced apoptosis in osteoblast. Bone 2008; 43:394-404. [PMID: 18502715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast apoptosis reduces bone mineral density. Apoptosis can be induced in a variety of cells by palmitate, which is one of the most common saturated fatty acids in dietary fat. The AMPK activator, AICAR, has been shown to inhibit palmitate-induced apoptosis. However, the role of palmitate in osteoblast apoptosis is currently unknown. This study examined whether palmitate could induce apoptosis in osteoblasts, and if so, whether AICAR could alleviate palmitate-induced apoptosis. Palmitate reduced cell survival and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB) 1.19. While the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor, triacsin C, inhibited palmitate-induced apoptosis, anti-oxidants and ceramide synthesis inhibitors did not attenuate the apoptosis. AICAR prevented palmitate-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of AICAR-mediated increase in fatty acid oxidation by etomoxir did not affect the prevention of apoptosis by AICAR. Constitutively-active AMPK also inhibited palmitate-induced apoptosis. Treatment with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) and a dominant-negative AMPK adenovirus suppressed the inhibitory effect of AICAR on apoptosis. Palmitate impaired the activation of ERK by fetal bovine serum, which was blocked by AICAR. Moreover, AICAR increased ERK activation, and ERK inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126, as well as a dominant-negative MEK1, abolished the inhibitory effect of AICAR on palmitate-induced apoptosis. AICAR also inhibited palmitate-induced apoptosis in osteoblastic differentiated cells from human bone marrow, which was accompanied by recovered ERK activity. These results suggest that palmitate induces apoptosis in osteoblasts through the impaired activation of ERK, and the activation of AMPK inhibits palmitate-induced apoptosis by activating ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea; Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myun-Whan Ahn
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Suk-Hwan Baek
- Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Myoung Dan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Pochun Cha University, Kumi, South Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea; Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea.
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21
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O'Kane CM, Elkington PT, Friedland JS. Monocyte-dependent oncostatin M and TNF-alpha synergize to stimulate unopposed matrix metalloproteinase-1/3 secretion from human lung fibroblasts in tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1321-30. [PMID: 18398932 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are implicated in the tissue destruction characteristic of tuberculosis (TB). The contribution of lung stromal cells to MMP activity in TB is unknown. Oncostatin M (OSM) is an important stimulus to extrapulmonary stromal MMP induction, but its role in regulation of pulmonary MMP secretion or pathophysiology of TB is unknown. We investigated OSM secretion from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected human monocytes/macrophages and the networking effects of such OSM on lung fibroblast MMP secretion. Mtb increased monocyte OSM secretion dose dependently in vitro. In vivo tuberculous granulomas immunostained positively for OSM. Further, conditioned media from Mtb-infected monocytes (CoMTb) induced monocyte OSM secretion (670 +/- 55 versus 166 +/- 14 pg/mL in controls), implicating an autocrine loop. Mtb-induced OSM secretion was prostaglandin (PG) sensitive, and required activation of surface G-protein coupled receptors. OSM induction was ERK MAP kinase dependent, p38-requiring but JNK-independent. OSM synergized with TNF-alpha, a key cytokine in TB granuloma formation, to stimulate pulmonary fibroblast MMP-1/-3 secretion, while suppressing secretion of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1/-2. In summary, Mtb infection of monocytes results in PG-dependent OSM secretion, which synergizes with TNF-alpha to drive functionally unopposed fibroblast MMP-1/-3 secretion, demonstrating a previously unrecognized role for OSM in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M O'Kane
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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PGE2 inhibits basolateral 50 pS potassium channels in the thick ascending limb of the rat kidney. Kidney Int 2008; 74:478-85. [PMID: 18496512 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To study the inhibition of the inwardly rectifying basolateral 50 pS potassium channels by PGE(2) we performed patch-clamp studies on the basolateral membrane of the rat kidney thick ascending limb. PGE(2)'s effect was mimicked by the selective EP1- and EP3-receptor agonist, sulprostone, but was prevented by inhibiting protein kinase-C with calphostin-C. The mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059 (ERK) or SB203580 (p38) increased basal channel activity; however, while neither alone prevented the inhibitory effect of PGE(2), but using both of them together completely abolished PGE(2)'s effect on channel activity. Treatment with PGE(2) stimulated phosphorylation of both p38 and ERK in primary cultures of medullary thick ascending limb cells. The PGE(2)-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation was not affected by indomethacin, but was completely blocked by calphostin-C. These studies show that inhibition of basolateral 50 pS potassium channels by PGE(2) is mediated by protein kinase-C, which in turn stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinases in the thick ascending limb of the rat kidney.
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23
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Labelle D, Jumarie C, Moreau R. Capacitative calcium entry and proliferation of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Cell Prolif 2007; 40:866-84. [PMID: 18021176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2007.00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adult bone tissue is continuously being remodelled and bone mass is maintained by a balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Alteration of osteoblastic cell proliferation may account in part for lack of balance between these two processes in bone loss of osteoporosis. There is calcium (Ca2+) control in numerous cellular functions; however, involvement of capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) in proliferation of bone cells is less well investigated. OBJECTIVES The study described here was aimed to investigate roles of CCE in the proliferation of osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacological characterizations of CCE were undertaken in parallel, with evaluation of the expression of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels and of cell proliferation. RESULTS Intracellular Ca2+ store depletion by thapsigargin induced CCE in MG-63 cells; this was characterized by a rapid transient increase of intracellular Ca2+ followed by significant CCE, induced by conditions that stimulated cell proliferation, namely serum and platelet-derived growth factor. Inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels (2-APB and SKF-96365) prevented CCE, while voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blockers had no effect. Expression of various TRPC channels was shown in the cells, some having been shown to be responsible for CCE. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blockers had no effect on osteoblast proliferation while thapsigargin, 2-APB and SKF-96395, inhibited it. Cell cycle analysis showed that 2-APB and SKF-96395 lengthen the S and G2/M phases, which would account for the reduction in cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CCE, likely attributed to the activation of TRPCs, might be the main route for Ca2+ influx involved in osteoblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Labelle
- Laboratoire du métabolisme osseux, Centre BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
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24
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Jin Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Yang B, Wang WH. PGE2 inhibits apical K channels in the CCD through activation of the MAPK pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F1299-307. [PMID: 17686952 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00293.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We used the patch-clamp technique and Western blot analysis to explore the effect of PGE(2) on ROMK-like small-conductance K (SK) channels and Ca(2+)-activated big-conductance K channels (BK) in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). Application of 10 microM PGE(2) inhibited SK and BK channels in the CCD. Moreover, either inhibition of PKC or blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), P38 and ERK, abolished the effect of PGE(2) on SK channels in the CCD. The effect of PGE(2) on SK channels was completely blocked in the presence of SC-51089, a specific EP1 receptor antagonist, and mimicked by application of sulprostone, an agonist for EP1 and EP3 receptors. To determine whether PGE(2) stimulates the phosphorylation of P38 and ERK, we treated mouse CCD cells (M-1) with PGE(2). Application of PGE(2) significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of P38 and ERK within 5 min. The dose-response curve of PGE(2) effect shows that 1, 5, and 10 microM PGE(2) increased the phosphorylation of P38 and ERK by 20-21, 50-80, and 80-100%, respectively. The stimulatory effect of PGE(2) on MAPK phosphorylation was not affected by indomethacin but abolished by inhibition of PKC. This suggests that the effect of PGE(2) on MAPK phosphorylation is PKC dependent. Also, the expression of cyclooxygenase II and PGE(2) concentration in renal cortex and outer medulla was significantly higher in rats fed a K-deficient diet than those on a normal-K diet. We conclude that PGE(2) inhibits SK and BK channels and that there is an effect of PGE(2) on SK channels in the CCD through activation of EP1 receptor and MAPK pathways. Also, high concentrations of PGE(2) induced by K restriction may be partially responsible for increasing MAPK activity during K restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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25
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Thommesen L, Stunes AK, Monjo M, Grøsvik K, Tamburstuen MV, Kjøbli E, Lyngstadaas SP, Reseland JE, Syversen U. Expression and regulation of resistin in osteoblasts and osteoclasts indicate a role in bone metabolism. J Cell Biochem 2007; 99:824-34. [PMID: 16721825 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adipose tissue is the site of expression and secretion of a range of biologically active proteins, called adipokines, for example, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. Leptin has previously been shown to be expressed in osteoblasts and to promote bone mineralization, whereas adiponectin expression is enhanced during osteoblast differentiation. In the present study we explored the possible role of resistin in bone metabolism. We found that resistin is expressed in murine preosteoclasts and preosteoblasts (RAW 264.7, MC3T3-E1), in primary human bone marrow stem cells and in mature human osteoblasts. The expression of resistin mRNA in RAW 264.7 was increased during differentiation and seemed to be regulated through PKC- and PKA-dependent mechanisms. Recombinant resistin increased the number of differentiated osteoclasts and stimulated NFkappaB promoter activity, indicating a role in osteoclastogenesis. Resistin also enhanced the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells in a PKA and PKC-dependent manner, but only weakly interfered with genes known to be upregulated during differentiation of MC3T3-E1 into osteoblasts. All together, our results indicate that resistin may play a role in bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Thommesen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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26
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Mada Y, Miyauchi M, Oka H, Kitagawa M, Sakamoto K, Iizuka S, Sato S, Noguchi K, Somerman MJ, Takata T. Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Prostaglandin E2on the Proliferation and Differentiation of a Mouse Cementoblast Cell Line (OCCM-30). J Periodontol 2006; 77:2051-8. [PMID: 17209790 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.060148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cementum formation is considered to be a critical event for successful regeneration of periodontal tissues. Cementoblasts share many characteristics with osteoblasts. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is an important local factor in bone metabolism. Although the effects of PGE(2) on osteoblasts are well known, its effects on cementoblasts have not yet been established. We examined the effects of PGE(2) on proliferation and differentiation in a mouse cementoblast cell line, OCCM-30 cells. METHODS OCCM-30 cells were treated with three concentrations of PGE(2) (10, 100, and 1,000 ng/ml). Cell number, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and expression for mineralization-related genes were determined. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) expression were also examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The addition of PGE(2) at the highest dose used in this study suppressed cell proliferation of OCCM-30 cells. The expression of mineralization-related marker mRNA, such as type 1 collagen, ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN), was constitutively detected in OCCM-30 cells. PGE(2) dose dependently stimulated ALP activity and BSP-mRNA expression in OCCM-30 cells at day 3. Transcripts for OPG and RANKL and the protein level of OPG in culture media were upregulated with PGE(2) stimulation. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that PGE(2) suppressed cementoblast proliferation but stimulated ALP activity and the BSP-mRNA level, suggesting a role of PGE(2) in controlling cementoblast differentiation, and further indicate that PGE(2) modulates RANKL and OPG expression in cementoblasts; the increase of OPG secreted from cementoblasts with PGE(2) stimulation may be essential to protect the root surface from resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mada
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Huo YY, Hu YC, He XR, Wang Y, Song BQ, Zhou PK, Zhu MX, Li G, Wu DC. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by TGF-beta1 via TbetaRII and Smad7 dependent mechanisms in human bronchial epithelial BEP2D cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2006; 23:113-28. [PMID: 17096210 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-006-0097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) can activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in many types of cells. The mechanism of this activation is not well elucidated. Here, we explore the role of TGF-beta/Smads signaling compounds in TGF-beta1-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK in human papillomavirus (HPV)-18 immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line BEP2D and the role of TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of ERK in proliferation and apoptosis of BEP2D. The cell models of siRNA-mediated silencing of TGF-beta receptor type II (TbetaRII), Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 were employed in this study. Our results demonstrate that TGF-beta1 activates ERK in a time-dependent manner with a maximum effect at 60 min; overexpression of Smad7 increased this TGF-beta1-mediated phosphorylation of the ERK; and siRNA-mediated silencing of TbetaRII, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 abrogated this effect. Moreover, we observed that overexpression of Smad7 restored TGF-beta1-mediated ERK phosphorylation in Smad4 knockdown cells but not in TbetaRII knockdown cells. In BEP2D cells, TGF-beta1 treatment effectively inhibited cells' proliferation and induced their apoptosis. Pretreatment with U0126, an inhibitor of ERK1/2, significantly enhanced the TGF-beta1-mediated antiproliferative and apoptosis induction effects in BEP2D cells. These data revealed that TbetaRII and Smad7 play the critical roles in TGF-beta1-mediated activation of ERK; Smad3 and Smad4 can play an indirect role through up-regulating Smad7 expression; and TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of ERK may participate in BEP2D cell proliferation and apoptosis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Huo
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
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Branch DR, Shabani F, Lund N, Denomme GA. Antenatal administration of Rh-immune globulin causes significant increases in the immunomodulatory cytokines transforming growth factor-β and prostaglandin E2. Transfusion 2006; 46:1316-22. [PMID: 16934066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of specific cytokines in response to administration of Rh-immune globulin (RhIG) was examined to assess the mechanism of inhibition of the anti-D production and prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma levels of 17 different cytokines before and 48 hours after antenatal administration of anti-D were measured in 10 women candidates for prophylaxis with RhIG. RESULTS No striking changes were observed in levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 sRII, IL-12 p40, IL-16, or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Levels of IL-4, -5, -10, -13, and -17; macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha; granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor; tumor necrosis factor-beta; and interferon-gamma remained below detection levels both before and after testing. IL-1ra levels, however, showed a slight to moderate decrease in 7 of 10 women after RhIG administration. In contrast, levels of TGF-beta1 increased more than 1.3-fold in 7 of 10 women and more than 2-fold in 4 of 10 women; in 1 instance the increase was more than 5-fold and this woman also had a significant increase in TGF-beta2. In addition to TGF-beta, 5 of 10 women had a modest increase (>1.5-fold) in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Analyses of the combined results of the 10 women showed that increases in both TGF-beta1 and PGE2 after RhIG were significant. CONCLUSION These results indicate that RhIG prophylaxis can induce higher than baseline levels of two strongly immunomodulatory cytokines, TGF-beta and PGE2. These findings represent one possible mechanism for the inhibition of the primary immune response to the D antigen in women receiving RhIG prophylaxis for prevention of HDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Branch
- Transfusion Immunology Hub, Research & Development, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Lee SW, Choi KY, Cho JY, Jung SH, Song KB, Park EK, Choi JY, Shin HI, Kim SY, Woo KM, Baek JH, Nam SH, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Ryoo HM. TGF-β2 stimulates cranial suture closure through activation of the Erk-MAPK pathway. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:981-91. [PMID: 16795080 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cranial sutures are important growth sites of the skull. During suture closure, the dura mater is one of the most important sources of various positive and negative regulatory signals. Previous results indicate that TGF-beta2 from dura mater strongly accelerates suture closure, however, its exact regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we confirmed that removal of dura mater in calvarial organ culture strongly accelerates sagittal suture closure and that this effect is further enhanced by TGF-beta2 treatment. TGF-beta2 stimulated cell proliferation in the MC3T3-E1 cell line. Similarly, it stimulated the proliferation of cells in the sutural space in calvarial organ culture. Furthermore, TGF-beta2-mediated enhanced cell proliferation and suture closure were almost completely inhibited by an Erk-MAPK blocker, PD98059. These results indicate that TGF-beta2-induced activation of Erk-MAPK is an important signaling component that stimulates cell proliferation to enrich osteoprogenitor cells, thereby promoting their differentiation into osteoblasts to achieve a rapid calvarial bone expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Miguel SMS, Namdar-Attar M, Noh T, Frenkel B, Bab I. ERK1/2-activated de Novo Mapkapk2 Synthesis Is Essential for Osteogenic Growth Peptide Mitogenic Signaling in Osteoblastic Cells. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:37495-502. [PMID: 16150701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503861200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In osteoblasts, the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38 as well as the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) have been implicated in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation. The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) is a 14-mer bone cell mitogen that increases bone formation and trabecular bone density and stimulates fracture healing. OGP-(10-14) is the physiologically active form of OGP. Using gene array analysis, real-time reverse transcription-PCR, and immunoblot and DNA synthesis assays we show here that in MC3T3 E1 and newborn mouse calvarial osteoblastic cultures the OGP-(10-14) mitogenic signaling is critically dependent on de novo synthesis of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (Mapkapk2) mRNA and protein. The increase in Mapkapk2 occurs following short term (5-60 min) stimulation of ERK1/2 activity by OGP-(10-14); phosphorylation of p38 remains unaffected. Downstream of Mapkapk2, CREB is phosphorylated on Ser(133) leading to its enhanced transcriptional activity. That these events are critical for the OGP-(10-14) mitogenic signaling is demonstrated by blocking the effects of OGP-(10-14) on the ERK1/2 pathway, Mapkapk2, CREB, and DNA synthesis using the MEK inhibitor PD098059. The OGP-(10-14) stimulation of CREB transcriptional activity and DNA synthesis is also blocked by Mapkapk2 siRNA. These data define a novel mitogenic signaling pathway in osteoblasts whereby ERK1/2 stimulation of CREB phosphorylation and transcriptional activity as well as DNA synthesis are critically dependent on de novo Mapkapk2 synthesis.
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Abstract
TGF-beta1 is a ubiquitous growth factor that is implicated in the control of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival of many different cell types. It influences such diverse processes as embryogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. In skeletal tissue, TGF-beta1 plays a major role in development and maintenance, affecting both cartilage and bone metabolism, the latter being the subject of this review. Because it affects both cells of the osteoblast and osteoclast lineage, TGF-beta1 is one of the most important factors in the bone environment, helping to retain the balance between the dynamic processes of bone resorption and bone formation. Many seemingly contradictory reports have been published on the exact functioning of TGF-beta1 in the bone milieu. This review provides an overall picture of the bone-specific actions of TGF-beta1 and reconciles experimental discrepancies that have been reported for this multifunctional cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Janssens
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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