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Xu J, Bao G, Jia B, Wang M, Wen P, Kan T, Zhang S, Liu A, Tang H, Yang H, Yue B, Dai K, Zheng Y, Qu X. An adaptive biodegradable zinc alloy with bidirectional regulation of bone homeostasis for treating fractures and aged bone defects. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:207-224. [PMID: 38756201 PMCID: PMC11096722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Healing of fractures or bone defects is significantly hindered by overactivated osteoclasts and inhibited osteogenesis in patients with abnormal bone metabolism. Current clinical approaches using titanium alloys or stainless steel provide mechanical support but have no biological effects on bone regeneration. Therefore, designing and fabricating degradable metal materials with sufficient mechanical strength and bidirectional regulation of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts is a substantial challenge. Here, this study first reported an adaptive biodegradable Zn-0.8 Mg alloy with bidirectional regulation of bone homeostasis, which promotes osteogenic differentiation by activating the Pi3k/Akt pathway and inhibits osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting the GRB2/ERK pathway. The anti-osteolytic ability of the Zn-0.8 Mg alloy was verified in a mouse calvarial osteolysis model and its suitability for internal fracture fixation with high-strength screws was confirmed in the rabbit femoral condyle fracture model. Furthermore, in an aged postmenopausal rat femoral condyle defect model, 3D printed Zn-0.8 Mg scaffolds promoted excellent bone regeneration through adaptive structures with good mechanical properties and bidirectionally regulated bone metabolism, enabling personalized bone defect repair. These findings demonstrate the substantial potential of the Zn-0.8 Mg alloy for treating fractures or bone defects in patients with aberrant bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialian Xu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Guo Bao
- Laboratory Animal centre, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianyou Kan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shutao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Aobo Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haozheng Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
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Li P, Dai J, Li Y, Alexander D, Čapek J, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Wan G, Han J, Yu Z, Li A. Zinc based biodegradable metals for bone repair and regeneration: Bioactivity and molecular mechanisms. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100932. [PMID: 38298560 PMCID: PMC10826336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures and critical-size bone defects are significant public health issues, and clinical treatment outcomes are closely related to the intrinsic properties of the utilized implant materials. Zinc (Zn)-based biodegradable metals (BMs) have emerged as promising bioactive materials because of their exceptional biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties, and controllable biodegradation. This review summarizes the state of the art in terms of Zn-based metals for bone repair and regeneration, focusing on bridging the gap between biological mechanism and required bioactivity. The molecular mechanism underlying the release of Zn ions from Zn-based BMs in the improvement of bone repair and regeneration is elucidated. By integrating clinical considerations and the specific bioactivity required for implant materials, this review summarizes the current research status of Zn-based internal fixation materials for promoting fracture healing, Zn-based scaffolds for regenerating critical-size bone defects, and Zn-based barrier membranes for reconstituting alveolar bone defects. Considering the significant progress made in the research on Zn-based BMs for potential clinical applications, the challenges and promising research directions are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jingtao Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yageng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dorothea Alexander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Čapek
- FZU – the Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 18200, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Guojiang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jianmin Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - An Li
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
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3
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Liu Y, Li X, Liu S, Du J, Xu J, Liu Y, Guo L. The changes and potential effects of zinc homeostasis in periodontitis microenvironment. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3063-3077. [PMID: 35996971 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a very important and ubiquitous element, which is present in oral environment, daily diet, oral health products, dental restorative materials, and so on. However, there is a lack of attention to the role of both extracellular or intracellular zinc in the progression of periodontitis and periodontal regeneration. This review summarizes the characteristics of immunological microenvironment and host cells function in several key stages of periodontitis progression, and explores the regulatory effect of zinc during this process. We find multiple evidence indicate that zinc may be involved and play a key role in the stages of immune defense, inflammatory response and bone remodeling. Zinc supplementation in an appropriate dose range or regulation of zinc transport proteins can promote periodontal regeneration by either enhancing immune defense or up-regulating local cells proliferation and differentiation functions. Therefore, zinc homeostasis is essential in periodontal remodeling and regeneration. More attention is suggested to be focused on zinc homeostasis regulation and consider it as a potential strategy in the studies on periodontitis treatment, periodontal-guided tissue regeneration, implant material transformation, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ciosek Ż, Kot K, Rotter I. Iron, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium, Mercury, and Bone Tissue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2197. [PMID: 36767564 PMCID: PMC9915283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the current understanding on the effects of five metals on bone tissue, namely iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, and mercury. Iron, zinc, and copper contribute significantly to human and animal metabolism when present in sufficient amounts, but their excess or shortage increases the risk of developing bone disorders. In contrast, cadmium and mercury serve no physiological purpose and their long-term accumulation damages the osteoarticular system. We discuss the methods of action and interactions between the discussed elements as well as the concentrations of each element in distinct bone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Ciosek
- Chair and Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Chair and Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
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5
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Effects of Extracellular Osteoanabolic Agents on the Endogenous Response of Osteoblastic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092383. [PMID: 34572032 PMCID: PMC8471159 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex multidimensional skeletal organization can adapt its structure in accordance with external contexts, demonstrating excellent self-renewal capacity. Thus, optimal extracellular environmental properties are critical for bone regeneration and inextricably linked to the mechanical and biological states of bone. It is interesting to note that the microstructure of bone depends not only on genetic determinants (which control the bone remodeling loop through autocrine and paracrine signals) but also, more importantly, on the continuous response of cells to external mechanical cues. In particular, bone cells sense mechanical signals such as shear, tensile, loading and vibration, and once activated, they react by regulating bone anabolism. Although several specific surrounding conditions needed for osteoblast cells to specifically augment bone formation have been empirically discovered, most of the underlying biomechanical cellular processes underneath remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, exogenous stimuli of endogenous osteogenesis can be applied to promote the mineral apposition rate, bone formation, bone mass and bone strength, as well as expediting fracture repair and bone regeneration. The following review summarizes the latest studies related to the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells, enhanced by mechanical forces or supplemental signaling factors (such as trace metals, nutraceuticals, vitamins and exosomes), providing a thorough overview of the exogenous osteogenic agents which can be exploited to modulate and influence the mechanically induced anabolism of bone. Furthermore, this review aims to discuss the emerging role of extracellular stimuli in skeletal metabolism as well as their potential roles and provide new perspectives for the treatment of bone disorders.
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6
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Chen Y, Wan S, Li Q, Dong X, Diao J, Liao Q, Wang GY, Gao ZX. Genome-Wide Integrated Analysis Revealed Functions of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Interaction in Growth of Intermuscular Bones in Megalobrama amblycephala. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:603815. [PMID: 33614620 PMCID: PMC7891300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermuscular bone (IB) occurs in the myosepta of teleosts. Its existence has an adverse influence on the edible and economic value of fish, especially for aquaculture species belonging to Cypriniformes. The growth mechanism of IBs is quite lacking. In this study, we firstly used single molecular real-time sequencing (SMRT) technology to improve the draft genome annotation and full characterization of the transcriptome for one typical aquaculture species, blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles in two IB growth stages (1 and 3 years old) were compared through transcriptome and degradome analyses. A total of 126 miRNAs, 403 mRNAs, and 353 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between the two stages. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the significantly upregulated map2k6 and cytc in the MAPK/p53 signaling pathway and the significantly downregulated lama3 and thbs4b in the extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor pathway may play a key regulatory role in IB growth. Bioinformatics analysis subsequently revealed 14 competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) pairs related to the growth of IBs, consisting of 10 lncRNAs, 7 miRNAs, and 10 mRNAs. Of these, dre-miR-24b-3p and dre-miR-193b-3p are core regulatory factors interacting with four lncRNAs and three mRNAs, the interaction mechanism of which was also revealed by subsequent experiments at the cellular level. In conclusion, our data showed that IBs had higher activity of cell apoptosis and lower mineralization activity in IB_III compared to IB_I via interaction of MAPK/p53 and ECM–receptor signaling pathways. The downregulated zip1 interacted with miR-24a-3p and lnc017705, decreased osteoblast differentiation and Ca2+ deposition in the IB_III stage. Our identified functional mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs provide a data basis for in-depth elucidation of the growth mechanism of teleost IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiming Wan
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan Xianfeng Aquaculture Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghan Diao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Liao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui-Ying Wang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan Xianfeng Aquaculture Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Xia Gao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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7
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Zhao Y, Jia L, Zheng Y, Li W. Involvement of Noncoding RNAs in the Differentiation of Osteoclasts. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4813140. [PMID: 32908541 PMCID: PMC7468661 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4813140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most important bone-resorbing cells, osteoclasts play fundamental roles in bone remodeling and skeletal health. Much effort has been focused on identifying the regulators of osteoclast metabolism. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) reportedly regulate osteoclast formation, differentiation, survival, and bone-resorbing activity to participate in bone physiology and pathology. The present review intends to provide a general framework for how ncRNAs and their targets regulate osteoclast differentiation and the important events of osteoclastogenesis they are involved in, including osteoclast precursor generation, early differentiation, mononuclear osteoclast fusion, and multinucleated osteoclast function and survival. This framework is beneficial for understanding bone biology and for identifying the potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets of bone diseases. The review also summarizes the results of in vivo experiments and classic experiment methods for osteoclast-related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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8
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Meng G, Wu X, Yao R, He J, Yao W, Wu F. Effect of zinc substitution in hydroxyapatite coating on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation under osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture. Regen Biomater 2020; 6:349-359. [PMID: 32440356 PMCID: PMC7233621 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element required for bone remodelling process, but its role in such process remains to be elucidated. In particular, inconsistent results have been reported on the effect of Zn on osteoclastic responses, and supplement of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) factors has been commonly adopted. Co-culture is a suitable approach to elucidating the role of Zn in bone remodelling process, by better imitating the cellular environment as the presence of osteoblasts plays critical role in modulating osteoclastic functions. In this study, zinc-substituted HA coatings have been deposited using a liquid precursor plasma spraying process at two different concentrations (1, 2 wt.%). The effect of zinc substitution on osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation has been studied in vitro. In particular, a cultivation regime was designed to first induce osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) for 14 days, and then induce osteoclastic differentiation of osteoclast-like precursor RAW 264.7 cells through the aid of the osteoblasts formed for additional 14 days, in the absence of the external addition of RANKL. The results showed that Zn substitution moderately promoted the BMSC differentiation into the osteoblasts and reduced the osteoclastic activity in early time (1 day co-culture). However, promotion of the osteoclastic activity were observed at later stages, as indicated by the significantly enhanced expressions of trap5b and IL-1 (8- and 15-day co-culture) and moderate stimulation of the nucleus integration and formation of the multinucleated cells (14-day co-culture). Such stimulating effect of the osteoclastic activity was absent under mono-culture of RAW 264.7 cell, with simple RANKL supplementation. The results suggest that both the zinc and the presence of MSC/osteoblast play profound and highly interacted roles on osteoclast differentiation and activity, which is critical in modulating the bone remodelling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Ruijuan Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Wu Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
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O’Connor JP, Kanjilal D, Teitelbaum M, Lin SS, Cottrell JA. Zinc as a Therapeutic Agent in Bone Regeneration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2211. [PMID: 32408474 PMCID: PMC7287917 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential mineral that is required for normal skeletal growth and bone homeostasis. Furthermore, zinc appears to be able to promote bone regeneration. However, the cellular and molecular pathways through which zinc promotes bone growth, homeostasis, and regeneration are poorly understood. Zinc can positively affect chondrocyte and osteoblast functions, while inhibiting osteoclast activity, consistent with a beneficial role for zinc in bone homeostasis and regeneration. Based on the effects of zinc on skeletal cell populations and the role of zinc in skeletal growth, therapeutic approaches using zinc to improve bone regeneration are being developed. This review focuses on the role of zinc in bone growth, homeostasis, and regeneration while providing an overview of the existing studies that use zinc as a bone regeneration therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick O’Connor
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (D.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Deboleena Kanjilal
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (D.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Marc Teitelbaum
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (D.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Sheldon S. Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (D.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Jessica A. Cottrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA;
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Zinc Homeostasis in Bone: Zinc Transporters and Bone Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041236. [PMID: 32059605 PMCID: PMC7072862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient that plays critical roles in numerous physiological processes, including bone homeostasis. The majority of zinc in the human body is stored in bone. Zinc is not only a component of bone but also an essential cofactor of many proteins involved in microstructural stability and bone remodeling. There are two types of membrane zinc transporter proteins identified in mammals: the Zrt- and Irt-like protein (ZIP) family and the zinc transporter (ZnT) family. They regulate the influx and efflux of zinc, accounting for the transport of zinc through cellular and intracellular membranes to maintain zinc homeostasis in the cytoplasm and in intracellular compartments, respectively. Abnormal function of certain zinc transporters is associated with an imbalance of bone homeostasis, which may contribute to human bone diseases. Here, we summarize the regulatory roles of zinc transporters in different cell types and the mechanisms underlying related pathological changes involved in bone diseases. We also present perspectives for further studies on bone homeostasis-regulating zinc transporters.
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11
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Li S, Chen X, Wang X, Xiong Y, Yan Y, Tan Z, Yang X, Li Y. Simonkolleite Coating on Poly(Amino Acids) to Improve Osteogenesis and Suppress Osteoclast Formation in Vitro. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091505. [PMID: 31527442 PMCID: PMC6780185 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc can enhance osteoblastic bone formation and stimulate osteogenic differentiation, suppress the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells into osteoclasts, and inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, simonkolleite, as a novel zinc resource, was coated on poly (amino acids) (PAA) via suspending PAA powder in different concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) solution, and the simonkolleite-coated PAA (Zn–PAA) was characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR and XPS. Zinc ions were continuously released from the coating, and the release behavior was dependent on both the concentration of the ZnCl2 immersing solution and the type of soak solutions (SBF, PBS and DMEM). The Zn–PAA was cultured with mouse bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) through TranswellTM plates, and the results indicated that the relative cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization of BMSCs were significantly higher with Zn–PAA as compared to PAA. Moreover, the Zn–PAA was cultured with RAW264.7 cells, and the results suggested an inhibiting effect of Zn–PAA on the cell differentiation into osteoclasts. In addition, Zn–PAA exhibited an antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli. These findings suggest that simonkolleite coating with certain contents could promote osteogenesis, suppress osteoclast formation and inhibit bacteria, indicating a novel way of enhancing the functionality of synthetic bone graft material and identifying the underline principles for designing zinc-containing bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xingtao Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Repair Material of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
| | - Yi Xiong
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yonggang Yan
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhi Tan
- Chengdu Customs Technology Center, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yuanye Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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12
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Bageshlooyafshar B, Vakilian S, Kehtari M, Eslami-Arshaghi T, Rafeie F, Ramezanifard R, Rahchamani R, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Mostafaloo Y, Seyedjafari E. Zinc silicate mineral-coated scaffold improved in vitro osteogenic differentiation of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:444-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Fu X, Li Y, Huang T, Yu Z, Ma K, Yang M, Liu Q, Pan H, Wang H, Wang J, Guan M. Runx2/Osterix and Zinc Uptake Synergize to Orchestrate Osteogenic Differentiation and Citrate Containing Bone Apatite Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700755. [PMID: 29721422 PMCID: PMC5908346 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Citrate is essential to biomineralization of the bone especially as an integral part of apatite nanocomposite. Citrate precipitate of apatite is hypothesized to be derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) upon differentiation into mature osteoblasts. Based on 13C-labeled signals identified by solid-state multinuclear magnetic resonance analysis, boosted mitochondrial activity and carbon-source replenishment of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates coordinate to feed forward mitochondrial anabolism and deposition of citrate. Moreover, zinc (Zn2+) is identified playing dual functions: (i) Zn2+ influx is influenced by ZIP1 which is regulated by Runx2 and Osterix to form a zinc-Runx2/Osterix-ZIP1 regulation axis promoting osteogenic differentiation; (ii) Zn2+ enhances citrate accumulation and deposition in bone apatite. Furthermore, age-related bone loss is associated with Zn2+ and citrate homeostasis; whereas, restoration of Zn2+ uptake alleviates age-associated declining osteogenic capacity and amount of citrate deposition. Together, these results indicate that citrate is not only a key metabolic intermediate meeting the emerging energy demand of differentiating MSCs but also participates in extracellular matrix mineralization, providing mechanistic insight into Zn2+ homeostasis and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekun Fu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Yunyan Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230031AnhuiChina
| | - Tongling Huang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230031AnhuiChina
| | - Kun Ma
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230031AnhuiChina
| | - Meng Yang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Qingli Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230031AnhuiChina
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs DegenerationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina
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14
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Anastasilakis AD, Makras P, Pikilidou M, Tournis S, Makris K, Bisbinas I, Tsave O, Yovos JG, Yavropoulou MP. Changes of Circulating MicroRNAs in Response to Treatment With Teriparatide or Denosumab in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1206-1213. [PMID: 29309589 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Expression of microRNAs (miRs) related to bone metabolism in the serum may be affected by antiosteoporotic treatment. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of two antiosteoporotic agents with opposite effects on bone metabolism on miR expression profile in the serum. DESIGN Observational, open label, nonrandomized clinical trial. SETTING The outpatient clinics for Metabolic Bone Diseases of 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS Postmenopausal women with low bone mass were treated with either teriparatide (TPTD; n = 30) or denosumab (n = 30) for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in the serum expression of selected miRs linked to bone metabolism at 3 and 12 months of treatment. Secondary measurements: associations of measured miRs with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) at 12 months and the bone turnover markers (BTMs) C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide at 3 and 12 months. RESULTS We found significantly decreased relative expression of miR-33-3p at 3 months (P = 0.03) and of miR-133a at 12 months (P = 0.042) of TPTD treatment. BMD values at 12 months of TPTD treatment were significantly and inversely correlated with miR-124-3p expression at 3 months (P = 0.008). Relative expression of miR-24-3p and miR-27a was correlated with changes in BTMs during TPTD treatment and of miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-27a, miR-222-5p, and miR-335-5p with changes in BTMs during denosumab treatment. CONCLUSIONS Circulating miRs are differentially affected by treatment with TPTD and denosumab. TPTD affects the relative expression of miRs related to the expression of RUNX-2 (miR-33) and DKK-1 gene (miR-133).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Polyzois Makras
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force and VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pikilidou
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Symeon Tournis
- Laboratory of Research of Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis," Medical School, University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Makris
- Laboratory of Research of Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis," Medical School, University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Bisbinas
- First Department of Orthopedics, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Tsave
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John G Yovos
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria P Yavropoulou
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Sasaki S, Tsukamoto M, Saito M, Hojyo S, Fukada T, Takami M, Furuichi T. Disruption of the mouse Slc39a14 gene encoding zinc transporter ZIP14 is associated with decreased bone mass, likely caused by enhanced bone resorption. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:655-663. [PMID: 29632817 PMCID: PMC5881542 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone‐resorbing cells that play an essential role in maintaining bone homeostasis. Zinc (Zn) has been reported to inhibit osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption, but the mechanism of this action has not been clarified. Zn homeostasis is tightly controlled by the coordinated actions of many Zn transporters. The Zn transporter ZIP14/Slc39a14 is involved in various physiological functions; hence, Zip14‐knockout (KO) mice exhibit multiple phenotypes. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the bone phenotypes of Zip14‐KO mice, demonstrating that the KO mice exhibited osteopenia in both trabecular and cortical bones. In Zip14‐KO mice, bone resorption was increased, whereas the bone formation rate was unchanged. Zip14mRNA was expressed in normal osteoclasts both in vivo and in vitro, but receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis was not impaired in bone marrow‐derived macrophages prepared from Zip14‐KO mice. These results suggest that ZIP14 regulates bone homeostasis by inhibiting bore resorption and that in Zip14‐KO mice, bone resorption is increased due to the elimination of this inhibitory regulation. Further studies are necessary to conclude whether the enhancement of bone resorption in Zip14‐KO mice is due to a cell‐autonomous or a non‐cell‐autonomous osteoclast defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Manami Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masaki Saito
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Osteoimmunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, okushima, Japan.,Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Furuichi
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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16
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Suzuki T, Katsumata SI, Matsuzaki H, Suzuki K. Dietary zinc supplementation increased TNFα and IL1β-induced RANKL expression, resulting in a decrease in bone mineral density in rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 58:48-55. [PMID: 26798197 PMCID: PMC4706095 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of dietary zinc supplementation on bone metabolism in rats. Four-week-old male Wistar rats were fed a 30.0 mg zinc/kg diet (C), a 300.0 mg zinc/kg diet (HZ) or a 3,000.0 mg zinc/kg diet (EZ) for 4 weeks. The zinc content of the femur gradually increased in accordance with the gradual increase in the dietary zinc level. Although the mRNA expression of zinc transporters in bone did not differ between the groups, the mRNA expression of metallothioneins was increased in the HZ and EZ groups compared to the C group. Moreover, the bone mineral density was significantly decreased in the HZ and EZ groups compared to the C group. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α, Interleukin-1β and osteoclastogenesis-related genes such as receptor for activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6, and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 was significantly increased in the HZ and EZ groups compared to the C group. These findings suggested that dietary zinc supplementation reduced bone mineral density through the promotion of bone resorption via an increase in the expression of receptor for activator of NF-κB ligand induced by tumor necrosis factor α and Interleukin-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Suzuki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Katsumata
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuzaki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Suzuki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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17
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Nested Levels of Adaptive Divergence: The Genetic Basis of Craniofacial Divergence and Ecological Sexual Dimorphism. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2015; 5:1613-24. [PMID: 26038365 PMCID: PMC4528318 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.018226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exemplary systems for adaptive divergence are often characterized by their large degrees of phenotypic variation. This variation represents the outcome of generations of diversifying selection. However, adaptive radiations can also contain a hierarchy of differentiation nested within them where species display only subtle phenotypic differences that still have substantial effects on ecology, function, and ultimately fitness. Sexual dimorphisms are also common in species displaying adaptive divergence and can be the result of differential selection between sexes that produce ecological differences between sexes. Understanding the genetic basis of subtle variation (between certain species or sexes) is therefore important for understanding the process of adaptive divergence. Using cichlids from the dramatic adaptive radiation of Lake Malawi, we focus on understanding the genetic basis of two aspects of relatively subtle phenotypic variation. This included a morphometric comparison of the patterns of craniofacial divergence between two ecologically similar species in relation to the larger adaptive radiation of Malawi, and male-female morphological divergence between their F2 hybrids. We then genetically map craniofacial traits within the context of sex and locate several regions of the genome that contribute to variation in craniofacial shape that is relevant to sexual dimorphism within species and subtle divergence between closely related species, and possibly to craniofacial divergence in the Malawi radiation as a whole. To enhance our search for candidate genes we take advantage of population genomic data and a genetic map that is anchored to the cichlid genome to determine which genes within our QTL regions are associated with SNPs that are alternatively fixed between species. This study provides a holistic understanding of the genetic underpinnings of adaptive divergence in craniofacial shape.
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18
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Brommage R, Liu J, Hansen GM, Kirkpatrick LL, Potter DG, Sands AT, Zambrowicz B, Powell DR, Vogel P. High-throughput screening of mouse gene knockouts identifies established and novel skeletal phenotypes. Bone Res 2014; 2:14034. [PMID: 26273529 PMCID: PMC4472125 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening gene function in vivo is a powerful approach to discover novel drug targets. We present high-throughput screening (HTS) data for 3 762 distinct global gene knockout (KO) mouse lines with viable adult homozygous mice generated using either gene-trap or homologous recombination technologies. Bone mass was determined from DEXA scans of male and female mice at 14 weeks of age and by microCT analyses of bones from male mice at 16 weeks of age. Wild-type (WT) cagemates/littermates were examined for each gene KO. Lethality was observed in an additional 850 KO lines. Since primary HTS are susceptible to false positive findings, additional cohorts of mice from KO lines with intriguing HTS bone data were examined. Aging, ovariectomy, histomorphometry and bone strength studies were performed and possible non-skeletal phenotypes were explored. Together, these screens identified multiple genes affecting bone mass: 23 previously reported genes (Calcr, Cebpb, Crtap, Dcstamp, Dkk1, Duoxa2, Enpp1, Fgf23, Kiss1/Kiss1r, Kl (Klotho), Lrp5, Mstn, Neo1, Npr2, Ostm1, Postn, Sfrp4, Slc30a5, Slc39a13, Sost, Sumf1, Src, Wnt10b), five novel genes extensively characterized (Cldn18, Fam20c, Lrrk1, Sgpl1, Wnt16), five novel genes with preliminary characterization (Agpat2, Rassf5, Slc10a7, Slc26a7, Slc30a10) and three novel undisclosed genes coding for potential osteoporosis drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Liu
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals , The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Vogel
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals , The Woodlands, TX, USA
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19
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Alam I, Koller DL, Cañete T, Blázquez G, López-Aumatell R, Martínez-Membrives E, Díaz-Morán S, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A, Stridh P, Diez M, Olsson T, Johannesson M, Baud A, Econs MJ, Foroud T. High-resolution genome screen for bone mineral density in heterogeneous stock rat. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1619-26. [PMID: 24643965 PMCID: PMC4074219 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that skeletal mass, structure, and biomechanical properties vary considerably in heterogeneous stock (HS) rat strains. In addition, we observed strong heritability for several of these skeletal phenotypes in the HS rat model, suggesting that it represents a unique genetic resource for dissecting the complex genetics underlying bone fragility. The purpose of this study was to identify and localize genes associated with bone mineral density in HS rats. We measured bone phenotypes from 1524 adult male and female HS rats between 17 and 20 weeks of age. Phenotypes included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements for bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) for femur and lumbar spine (L3-L5), and volumetric BMD measurements by CT for the midshaft and distal femur, femur neck, and fifth lumbar vertebra (L5). A total of 70,000 polymorphic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed throughout the genome were selected from genotypes obtained from the Affymetrix rat custom SNPs array for the HS rat population. These SNPs spanned the HS rat genome with a mean linkage disequilibrium coefficient between neighboring SNPs of 0.95. Haplotypes were estimated across the entire genome for each rat using a multipoint haplotype reconstruction method, which calculates the probability of descent for each genotyped locus from each of the eight founder HS strains. The haplotypes were tested for association with each bone density phenotype via a mixed model with covariate adjustment. We identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for BMD phenotypes on chromosomes 2, 9, 10, and 13 meeting a conservative genomewide empiric significance threshold (false discovery rate [FDR] = 5%; p < 3 × 10(-6)). Importantly, most QTLs were localized to very small genomic regions (1-3 megabases [Mb]), allowing us to identify a narrow set of potential candidate genes including both novel genes and genes previously shown to have roles in skeletal development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imranul Alam
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Daniel L. Koller
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Toni Cañete
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma deBarcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Blázquez
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma deBarcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Esther Martínez-Membrives
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma deBarcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sira Díaz-Morán
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma deBarcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma deBarcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma deBarcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, S171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarita Diez
- Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, S171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, S171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Johannesson
- Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, S171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie Baud
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Econs
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
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20
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Shepherd DV, Kauppinen K, Brooks RA, Best SM. An in vitro study into the effect of zinc substituted hydroxyapatite on osteoclast number and activity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:4136-41. [PMID: 24443251 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc ions have been shown to inhibit osteoclast development and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. The same inhibiting effect has been observed in vitro when zinc was substituted into tri-calcium phosphate (TCP). Because of the solubility of TCP it is not an ideal candidate for a material to inhibit osteoclast activity in the long term. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is less soluble and so potentially offers a more long-term, sustainable effect. Previous work has shown that zinc can successfully be substituted into HA and still retain phase purity after heat treatment. The study reported here presents the effects of zinc substituted HA on the development and activity of osteoclast-like cells. It was found that increasing zinc substitution levels led to a decrease in the number of these cells present after 21 days. When resorption activity was investigated it was found that an increase in the amount of zinc present in the discs led to a significant decrease in the amount of resorption taking place on the discs. These results provide evidence for the potential of zinc substituted HA as a material to reduce resorptive activity to provide long-term bonding of implant to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Shepherd
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS
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21
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Park KH, Park B, Yoon DS, Kwon SH, Shin DM, Lee JW, Lee HG, Shim JH, Park JH, Lee JM. Zinc inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppression of Ca2+-Calcineurin-NFATc1 signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:74. [PMID: 24088289 PMCID: PMC3851046 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc, an essential trace element, inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanism for the inhibitory effect of zinc, however, is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc and determine its molecular mechanism on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow-derived monocyte cells (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS In BMMs, zinc treatment during osteoclast differentiation decreased RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner. We show that zinc suppressed the mRNA levels of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1). Zinc also accumulated phospho-Nfatc1 (p-Nfatc1) in the cytosol in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited the translocation of Nfatc1 to the nucleus in RAW264.7 cells. Zinc suppressed the activities of Nfatc1 in the nucleus without changing the activities of NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells. In contrast, calcineurin activity decreased in response to zinc but its protein level was unchanged. RANKL-induced Ca2+ oscillations were inhibited by zinc treatment, but phospho-phospholipase Cγ1 (p-PLCγ1), the upstream signaling molecule of Ca2+ oscillations, was unaffected. Moreover, a constitutively active form of Nfatc1 obviously rescued suppression of osteoclastogenesis by zinc. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that the inhibitory effect of zinc during osteoclastogesis is caused by suppressing the Ca2+-Calcineurin-NFATc1 signaling pathway. Thus, zinc may be a useful therapeutic candidate for the prevention of bone loss caused by NFATc1 activation in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hwan Park
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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hZip1 (hSLC39A1) regulates zinc homoeostasis in gut epithelial cells. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 8:475-86. [PMID: 23378263 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element required for enzyme catalysis, gene regulation and signal transduction. Zinc absorption takes place in the small intestine; however, the mechanisms by which cells accumulate zinc are not entirely clear. Zip1 (SLC39A1) is a predicted transmembrane protein that is postulated, but not conclusively proven to mediate zinc influx in gut cells. The aim of this study was to investigate a role for hZip1 in mediating zinc uptake in human enterocytes. Both hZip1 mRNA and protein were detected in human intestinal tissue. In non-differentiated Caco-2 human gut cells, hZip1 was partially localised to the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, in differentiated Caco-2 cells cultured in extracellular matrix, the hZip1 protein was located in proximity to the apical microvilli. Lack of surface antibody binding and internalisation indicated that hZip1 was not present on the plasma membrane. Functional studies to establish a role for hZip1 in cellular zinc accumulation were carried out using (65)Zn. In Caco-2 cells harbouring an hZip1 overexpression construct, cellular zinc accumulation was enhanced relative to the control. Conversely, Caco-2 cells with an hZip1 siRNA construct showed reduced zinc accumulation. In summary, we show that the Caco-2 cell differentiation endorses targeting of hZip1 to a region near the apical domain. Given the absence of hZip1 at the apical plasma membrane, we propose that hZip1 may act as an intracellular sensor to regulate zinc homoeostasis in human gut cells.
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Roy M, Fielding G, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S. Effects of Zinc and Strontium Substitution in Tricalcium Phosphate on Osteoclast Differentiation and Resorption. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:10.1039/C2BM00012A. [PMID: 24244866 PMCID: PMC3825406 DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone replacement materials must be able to regulate both osteoblastic synthesis of new bone and osteoclastic resorption process in order to maintain the balance of bone remodeling. Osteoclasts generate from differentiation of mononuclear cells. In the present study, we have studied the osteoclast-like-cells responses (differentiation from mononuclear cells and resorption) to beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) doped with zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr). Osteoclast-like-cells differentiation and resorption was studied in vitro using osteoclast-like-cells precursor RAW 264.7 cell, supplemented with receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand (RANKL). Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed successful differentiation of osteoclast-like-cells on the doped and undoped β-TCP substrates after 8 days of culture. Cells on the substrate surface expressed specific osteoclast markers such as; actin ring, multiple nucleus, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) synthesis, and vitronectin receptor. However, quantitative TRAP assay indicated the inhibiting effect of Zn on osteoclast differentiation. Although, Zn doped β-TCP restricted osteoclast-like-cells differentiation, the samples were resorbed much faster. An increased resorption pit volume was noticed on Zn doped β-TCP samples after 28 days of culture compared to pure and Sr doped β-TCP. In this work, we demonstrated that β-TCP bone substitute materials can be successfully resorbed by osteoclast-like-cells, where both osteoclast-like-cells differentiation and resorption were modulated by Zn and/or Sr doping- a much needed property for successful bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangal Roy
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Gary Fielding
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Shepherd JH, Shepherd DV, Best SM. Substituted hydroxyapatites for bone repair. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2335-2347. [PMID: 22389101 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite have a wide range of applications both in bone grafts and for the coating of metallic implants, largely as a result of their chemical similarity to the mineral component of bone. However, to more accurately mirror the chemistry, various substitutions, both cationic (substituting for the calcium) and anionic (substituting for the phosphate or hydroxyl groups) have been produced. Significant research has been carried out in the field of substituted apatites and this paper aims to summarise some of the key effect of substitutions including magnesium, zinc, strontium, silicon and carbonate on physical and biological characteristics. Even small substitutions have been shown to have very significant effects on thermal stability, solubility, osteoclastic and osteoblastic response in vitro and degradation and bone regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Shepherd
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, New Museum's Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.
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Wang Y, Li L, Moore BT, Peng XH, Fang X, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Xiao P. MiR-133a in human circulating monocytes: a potential biomarker associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34641. [PMID: 22506038 PMCID: PMC3323546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis mainly occurs in postmenopausal women, which is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) due to unbalanced bone resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts. Circulating monocytes play important roles in osteoclastogenesis by acting as osteoclast precursors and secreting osteoclastogenic factors, such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated as important biomarkers in various diseases. The present study aimed to find significant miRNA biomarkers in human circulating monocytes underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methodology/Principal Findings We used ABI TaqMan® miRNA array followed by qRT-PCR validation in circulating monocytes to identify miRNA biomarkers in 10 high and 10 low BMD postmenopausal Caucasian women. MiR-133a was upregulated (P=0.007) in the low compared with the high BMD groups in the array analyses, which was also validated by qRT-PCR (P=0.044). We performed bioinformatic target gene analysis and found three potential osteoclast-related target genes, CXCL11, CXCR3 and SLC39A1. In addition, we performed Pearson correlation analyses between the expression levels of miR-133a and the three potential target genes in the 20 postmenopausal women. We did find negative correlations between miR-133a and all the three genes though not significant. Conclusions/Significance This is the first in vivo miRNA expression analysis in human circulating monocytes to identify novel miRNA biomarkers underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our results suggest that miR-133a in circulating monocytes is a potential biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ling Li
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Moore
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xian-Hao Peng
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xiang Fang
- Biostatistical Core, Office of Research and Compliance, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Peng Xiao
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Yamaguchi M. Nutritional factors and bone homeostasis: synergistic effect with zinc and genistein in osteogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:201-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tissue plasminogen activator alters intracellular sequestration of zinc through interaction with the transporter ZIP4. J Neurosci 2010; 30:6538-47. [PMID: 20463217 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6250-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic neurons contain free zinc packaged into neurotransmitter-loaded synaptic vesicles. Upon neuronal activation, the vesicular contents are released into the synaptic space, whereby the zinc modulates activity of postsynaptic neurons though interactions with receptors, transporters and exchangers. However, high extracellular concentrations of zinc trigger seizures and are neurotoxic if substantial amounts of zinc reenter the cells via ion channels and accumulate in the cytoplasm. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a secreted serine protease, is also proepileptic and excitotoxic. However, tPA counters zinc toxicity by promoting zinc import back into the neurons in a sequestered form that is nontoxic. Here, we identify the zinc influx transporter, ZIP4, as the pathway through which tPA mediates the zinc uptake. We show that ZIP4 is upregulated after excitotoxin stimulation of the mouse, male and female, hippocampus. ZIP4 physically interacts with tPA, correlating with an increased intracellular zinc influx and lysosomal sequestration. Changes in prosurvival signals support the idea that this sequestration results in neuroprotection. These experiments identify a mechanism via which neurons use tPA to efficiently neutralize the toxic effects of excessive concentrations of free zinc.
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Yamaguchi M. Role of nutritional zinc in the prevention of osteoporosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 338:241-54. [PMID: 20035439 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is known as an essential nutritional factor in the growth of the human and animals. Bone growth retardation is a common finding in various conditions associated with dietary zinc deficiency. Bone zinc content has been shown to decrease in aging, skeletal unloading, and postmenopausal conditions, suggesting its role in bone disorder. Zinc has been demonstrated to have a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation and mineralization; the metal directly activates aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme at translational process of protein synthesis, in the cells, and it stimulates cellular protein synthesis. Zinc has been shown to stimulate gene expression of the transcription factors runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) that is related to differentiation into osteoblastic cells. Moreover, zinc has been shown to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption due to inhibiting osteoclast-like cell formation from bone marrow cells and stimulating apoptotic cell death of mature osteoclasts. Zinc has a suppressive effect on the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. Zinc transporter has been shown to express in osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells. Zinc protein is involved in transcription. The intake of dietary zinc causes an increase in bone mass. beta-Alanyl-L: -histidinato zinc (AHZ) is a zinc compound, in which zinc is chelated to beta-alanyl-L: -histidine. The stimulatory effect of AHZ on bone formation is more intensive than that of zinc sulfate. Zinc acexamate has also been shown to have a potent-anabolic effect on bone. The oral administration of AHZ or zinc acexamate has the restorative effect on bone loss under various pathophysiologic conditions including aging, skeletal unloading, aluminum bone toxicity, calcium- and vitamin D-deficiency, adjuvant arthritis, estrogen deficiency, diabetes, and fracture healing. Zinc compounds may be designed as new supplementation factor in the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322-0001, USA.
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Identification of a linkage disequilibrium block in chromosome 1q associated with BMD in premenopausal white women. J Bone Miner Res 2008; 23:1680-8. [PMID: 18505370 PMCID: PMC2684159 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.080509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. A major determinant of osteoporotic fractures is peak BMD obtained during young adulthood. We previously reported linkage of chromosome 1q (LOD = 4.3) with variation in spinal areal BMD in healthy premenopausal white women. In this study, we used a two-stage genotyping approach to identify genes in the linked region that contributed to the variation of femoral neck and lumbar spine areal BMD. In the first stage, 654 SNPs across the linked region were genotyped in a sample of 1309 premenopausal white women. The most significant evidence of association for lumbar spine (p = 1.3 x 10(-6)) was found with rs1127091 in the GATAD2B gene. In the second stage, 52 SNPs around this candidate gene were genotyped in an expanded sample of 1692 white women. Significant evidence of association with spinal BMD (p < 10(-5)), and to a lesser extent with femoral neck BMD, was observed with eight SNPs within a single 230-kb linkage disequilibrium (LD) block. The most significant SNP (p = 3.4 x 10(-7)) accounted for >2.5% of the variation in spinal BMD in these women. The 230-kb LD block contains 11 genes, but because of the extensive LD, the specific gene(s) contributing to the variation in BMD could not be determined. In conclusion, the significant association between spinal BMD and SNPs in the 230-kb LD block in chromosome 1q indicates that genetic factor(s) in this block plays an important role in peak spinal BMD in healthy premenopausal white women.
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Li X, Senda K, Ito A, Sogo Y, Yamazaki A. Effect of Zn and Mg in tricalcium phosphate and in culture medium on apoptosis and actin ring formation of mature osteoclasts. Biomed Mater 2008; 3:045002. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/4/045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tropomyosin 4 regulates adhesion structures and resorptive capacity in osteoclasts. Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:564-73. [PMID: 18036591 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosins (Tms) are alpha-helical dimers that bind and stabilize actin microfilaments while regulating their accessibility to other actin-associated proteins. Four genes encode expression of over forty Tms, most of which are expressed in nonmuscle cells. In recent years, it has become clear that individual Tm isoforms may regulate specific actin pools within cells. In this study, we examined how osteoclast function may be regulated by the tropomyosin isoform Tm-4, which we previously showed to be highly localized to podosomes and sealing zones of osteoclasts. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Tm-4, both in RAW264.7- and mouse marrow-derived osteoclasts, resulted in thinning of the actin ring of the sealing zone. Knockdown of Tm-4 also resulted in diminished bone resorptive capacity and altered resorption pit shape. In contrast, osteoclasts overexpressing Tm-4 demonstrated thickened podosomes on glass as well as thickened, aberrant actin structures on bone, and diminished motility and resorptive capacity. These results indicate that Tm-4 plays a role in regulating adhesion structures of osteoclasts, most likely by stabilizing the actin microfilaments present in podosomes and the sealing zone.
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Sahu SN, Nunez S, Bai G, Gupta A. Interaction of Pyk2 and PTP-PEST with leupaxin in prostate cancer cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 292:C2288-96. [PMID: 17329398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00503.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have identified the presence of leupaxin (LPXN), which belongs to the paxillin extended family of focal adhesion-associated adaptor proteins, in prostate cancer cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that LPXN is a component of the podosomal signaling complex found in osteoclasts, where LPXN was found to associate with the protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and c-Src and the cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase-proline-, glutamate-, serine-, and threonine-rich sequence (PTP-PEST). In the current study, LPXN was detectable as a 50-kDa protein in PC-3 cells, a bone-derived metastatic prostate cancer cell line. In PC-3 cells, LPXN was also found to associate with Pyk2, c-Src, and PTP-PEST. A siRNA-mediated inhibition of LPXN resulted in decreased in vitro PC-3 cell migration. A recombinant adenoviral-mediated overexpression of LPXN resulted in an increased association of Pyk2 with LPXN, whereas a similar adenoviral-mediated overexpression of PTP-PEST resulted in decreased association of Pyk2 and c-Src with LPXN. The overexpression of LPXN in PC-3 cells resulted in increased migration, as assessed by in vitro Transwell migration assays. On the contrary, the overexpression of PTP-PEST in PC-3 cells resulted in decreased migration. The overexpression of LPXN resulted in increased activity of Rho GTPase, which was decreased in PTP-PEST-overexpressing cells. The increase in Rho GTPase activity following overexpression of LPXN was inhibited in the presence of Y27632, a selective inhibitor of Rho GTPase. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that LPXN forms a signaling complex with Pyk2, c-Src, and PTP-PEST to regulate migration of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasri Nandan Sahu
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Sahu SN, Khadeer MA, Robertson BW, Núñez SM, Bai G, Gupta A. Association of leupaxin with Src in osteoclasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 292:C581-90. [PMID: 16914530 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00636.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leupaxin (LPXN), which belongs to the paxillin extended family of adaptor proteins, was previously identified as a component of the sealing zone in osteoclasts. LPXN was found to associate with several podosomal proteins, such as the protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2, the protein-tyrosine phosphatase-PEST (PTP-PEST), actin-binding proteins, and regulators of actin cytoskeletal reorganization. It was previously demonstrated that inhibition of LPXN expression resulted in reduced osteoclast-mediated resorption. In the current study, overexpression of LPXN in murine osteoclasts resulted in both enhanced resorptive activity and cell adhesion, as assessed by in vitro resorption assays. The overexpression of LPXN resulted in an increased association of Pyk2 with LPXN. In an attempt to determine an additional biochemical basis for the observed phenomenon in increased osteoclast activity, a coimmunoprecipitation screen for additional binding partners revealed that Src, a protein tyrosine kinase that is critical to both podosome formation and osteoclast function, was also associated with LPXN. After exposure to the pro-inflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokine TNF-alpha, there was an increase in the level of Src that coimmunoprecipitated with LPXN. Our data indicate that association of the scaffold protein LPXN with Src adds further complexity to the organization of the podosomal signaling complex in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasri Nandan Sahu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 4G-29, Dental School, University of Maryland-Baltimore, 666 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Dufner-Beattie J, Huang ZL, Geiser J, Xu W, Andrews GK. MouseZIP1 andZIP3 genes together are essential for adaptation to dietary zinc deficiency during pregnancy. Genesis 2006; 44:239-51. [PMID: 16652366 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Subfamily II of the solute-linked carrier 39A superfamily contains three well-conserved zinc transporters (ZIPs1, 2, 3) whose physiological functions are unknown. We generated mice homozygous for knockout alleles of ZIP1 and both ZIP1 and ZIP 3 (double-knockout). These mice were apparently normal when dietary zinc was replete, but when dietary zinc was limited during pregnancy embryos from ZIP1 or ZIP3 knockout mice were two to three times more likely to develop abnormally than those in wildtype mice, and 91% (71/78) of embryos developed abnormally in ZIP1, ZIP3 double-knockout mice. Analysis of the patterns of expression of these genes in mice revealed predominate expression in intestinal stromal cells, nephric-tubular epithelial cells, pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, and hepatocytes surrounding the central vein. This suggests that these zinc transporters function, at least in part, in the redistribution and/or retention of zinc rather than its acquisition from the diet. In conclusion, mutations in the ZIP1 and ZIP3 zinc transporter genes are silent when dietary intake of zinc is normal, but can dramatically compromise the success of pregnancy when dietary intake of zinc is limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Dufner-Beattie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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