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Jerban S, Ma Y, Wei Z, Shen M, Ibrahim Z, Jang H, Lu P, Chang DG, Woods G, Chung CB, Chang EY, Du J. Ultrashort echo time MRI detects significantly lower collagen but higher pore water in the tibial cortex of female patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:707-716. [PMID: 38591788 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI can quantify the major proton pool densities in cortical bone, including total (TWPD), bound (BWPD), and pore water (PWPD) proton densities, as well as the macromolecular proton density (MMPD), associated with the collagen content, which is calculated using macromolecular fraction (MMF) from UTE magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) modeling. This study aimed to investigate the differences in water and collagen contents in tibial cortical bone, between female osteopenia (OPe) patients, osteoporosis (OPo) patients, and young participants (Young). Being postmenopausal and above 55 yr old were the inclusion criteria for OPe and OPo groups. The tibial shaft of 14 OPe (72.5 ± 6.8 yr old), 31 OPo (72.0 ± 6.4 yr old), and 31 young subjects (28.0 ± 6.1 yr old) were scanned using a knee coil on a clinical 3T scanner. Basic UTE, inversion recovery UTE, and UTE-MT sequences were performed. Investigated biomarkers were compared between groups using Kruskal-Wallis test. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated between the TH DXA T-score and UTE-MRI results. MMF, BWPD, and MMPD were significantly lower in OPo patients than in the young group, whereas T1, TWPD, and PWPD were significantly higher in OPo patients. The largest OPo/Young average percentage differences were found in MMF (41.9%), PWPD (103.5%), and MMPD (64.0%). PWPD was significantly higher (50.7%), while BWPD was significantly lower (16.4%) in OPe than the Young group on average. MMF was found to be significantly lower (27%) in OPo patients compared with OPe group. T1, MMF, TWPD, PWPD, and MMPD values significantly correlated with the TH DXA T-scores (provided by the patients and only available for OPe and OPo patients). DXA T-score showed the highest correlations with PWPD (R = 0.55) and MMF (R = 0.56) values. TWPD, PWPD, and MMF estimated using the UTE-MRI sequences were recommended to evaluate individuals with OPe and OPo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Meghan Shen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Zubaid Ibrahim
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Pengzhe Lu
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Douglas G Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Gina Woods
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
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2
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Kassey VB, Walle M, Egan J, Yeritsyan D, Beeram I, Kassey SP, Wu Y, Snyder BD, Rodriguez EK, Ackerman JL, Nazarian A. Quantitative 1H Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Normal and Pathologic Rat Bones by Solid-State 1H ZTE Sequence with Water and Fat Suppression. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38526032 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) and osteomalacia (OM) are metabolic bone diseases characterized by mineral and matrix density changes. Quantitative bone matrix density differentiates OM from OP. MRI is a noninvasive and nonionizing imaging technique that can measure bone matrix density quantitatively in ex vivo and in vivo. PURPOSE To demonstrate water + fat suppressed 1H MRI to compute bone matrix density in ex vivo rat femurs in the preclinical model. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL Fifteen skeletally mature female Sprague-Dawley rats, five per group (normal, ovariectomized (OVX), partially nephrectomized/vitamin D (Vit-D) deficient), 250-275 g, ∼15 weeks old. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 7T, zero echo time sequence with water + fat (VAPOR) suppression capability, μCT imaging, and gravimetric measurements. ASSESSMENT Cortical and trabecular bone segments from normal and disease models were scanned in the same coil along with a dual calibration phantom for quantitative assessment of bone matrix density. STATISTICAL TESTS ANOVA and linear regression were used for data analysis, with P-values <0.05 statistically significant. RESULTS The MRI-derived three-density PEG pellet densities have a strong linear relationship with physical density measures (r2 = 0.99). The Vit-D group had the lowest bone matrix density for cortical bone (0.47 ± 0.16 g cm-3), whereas the OVX had the lowest bone matrix density for trabecular bone (0.26 ± 0.04 g cm-3). Gravimetry results confirmed these MRI-based observations for Vit-D cortical (0.51 ± 0.07 g cm-3) and OVX trabecular (0.26 ± 0.03 g cm-3) bone groups. DATA CONCLUSION Rat femur images were obtained using a modified pulse sequence and a custom-designed double-tuned (1H/31P) transmit-receive solenoid-coil on a 7T preclinical MRI scanner. Phantom experiments confirmed a strong linear relation between MRI-derived and physical density measures and quantitative bone matrix densities in rat femurs from normal, OVX, and Vit-D deficient/partially nephrectomized animals were computed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor B Kassey
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Athinoula Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Walle
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Egan
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Yeritsyan
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Indeevar Beeram
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharon P Kassey
- Athinoula Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yaotang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Athinoula Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian D Snyder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward K Rodriguez
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerome L Ackerman
- Athinoula Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Athinoula Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Jerban S, Jang H, Chang EY, Bukata S, Du J, Chung CB. Bone Biomarkers Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2024; 28:62-77. [PMID: 38330971 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to evaluate the microstructural and compositional properties of bone. MRI-based biomarkers can characterize all major compartments of bone: organic, water, fat, and mineral components. However, with a short apparent spin-spin relaxation time (T2*), bone is invisible to conventional MRI sequences that use long echo times. To address this shortcoming, ultrashort echo time MRI sequences have been developed to provide direct imaging of bone and establish a set of MRI-based biomarkers sensitive to the structural and compositional changes of bone. This review article describes the MRI-based bone biomarkers representing total water, pore water, bound water, fat fraction, macromolecular fraction in the organic matrix, and surrogates for mineral density. MRI-based morphological bone imaging techniques are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Susan Bukata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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Jones BC, Lee H, Cheng CC, al Mukaddam M, Song HK, Snyder PJ, Kamona N, Rajapakse CS, Wehrli FW. MRI Quantification of Cortical Bone Porosity, Mineralization, and Morphologic Structure in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Radiology 2023; 307:e221810. [PMID: 36692396 PMCID: PMC10102628 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.221810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Preclinical studies have suggested that solid-state MRI markers of cortical bone porosity, morphologic structure, mineralization, and osteoid density are useful measures of bone health. Purpose To explore whether MRI markers of cortical bone porosity, morphologic structure, mineralization, and osteoid density are affected in postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) and to examine associations between MRI markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods In this single-center study, postmenopausal women were prospectively recruited from January 2019 to October 2020 into two groups: participants with OP who had not undergone treatment, defined as having any dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) T-score of -2.5 or less, and age-matched control participants without OP (hereafter, non-OP). Participants underwent MRI in the midtibia, along with DXA in the hip and spine, and peripheral quantitative CT in the midtibia. Specifically, MRI measures of cortical bone porosity (pore water and total water), osteoid density (bound water [BW]), morphologic structure (cortical bone thickness), and mineralization (phosphorous [P] density [31P] and 31P-to-BW concentration ratio) were quantified at 3.0 T. MRI measures were compared between OP and non-OP groups and correlations with BMD were assessed. Results Fifteen participants with OP (mean age, 63 years ± 5 [SD]) and 19 participants without OP (mean age, 65 years ± 6) were evaluated. The OP group had elevated pore water (11.6 mol/L vs 9.5 mol/L; P = .007) and total water densities (21.2 mol/L vs 19.7 mol/L; P = .03), and had lower cortical bone thickness (4.8 mm vs 5.6 mm; P < .001) and 31P density (6.4 mol/L vs 7.5 mol/L; P = .01) than the non-OP group, respectively, although there was no evidence of a difference in BW or 31P-to-BW concentration ratio. Pore and total water densities were inversely associated with DXA and peripheral quantitative CT BMD (P < .001), whereas cortical bone thickness and 31P density were positively associated with DXA and peripheral quantitative CT BMD (P = .01). BW, 31P density, and 31P-to-BW concentration ratio were positively associated with DXA (P < .05), but not with peripheral quantitative CT. Conclusion Solid-state MRI of cortical bone was able to help detect potential impairments in parameters reflecting porosity, morphologic structure, and mineralization in postmenopausal osteoporosis. © RSNA, 2023 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Bae in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C. Jones
- From the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine
(B.C.J., H.L., C.C.C., H.K.S., N.K., C.S.R., F.W.W.), Department of
Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (B.C.J., N.K.),
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,
Perelman School of Medicine (M.A.M., P.J.S.), and Department of Orthopedic
Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine (C.S.R.), University of Pennsylvania, 1
Founders Building, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Mona al Mukaddam
- From the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine
(B.C.J., H.L., C.C.C., H.K.S., N.K., C.S.R., F.W.W.), Department of
Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (B.C.J., N.K.),
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,
Perelman School of Medicine (M.A.M., P.J.S.), and Department of Orthopedic
Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine (C.S.R.), University of Pennsylvania, 1
Founders Building, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hee Kwon Song
- From the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine
(B.C.J., H.L., C.C.C., H.K.S., N.K., C.S.R., F.W.W.), Department of
Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (B.C.J., N.K.),
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,
Perelman School of Medicine (M.A.M., P.J.S.), and Department of Orthopedic
Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine (C.S.R.), University of Pennsylvania, 1
Founders Building, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Peter J. Snyder
- From the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine
(B.C.J., H.L., C.C.C., H.K.S., N.K., C.S.R., F.W.W.), Department of
Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (B.C.J., N.K.),
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,
Perelman School of Medicine (M.A.M., P.J.S.), and Department of Orthopedic
Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine (C.S.R.), University of Pennsylvania, 1
Founders Building, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nada Kamona
- From the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine
(B.C.J., H.L., C.C.C., H.K.S., N.K., C.S.R., F.W.W.), Department of
Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (B.C.J., N.K.),
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,
Perelman School of Medicine (M.A.M., P.J.S.), and Department of Orthopedic
Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine (C.S.R.), University of Pennsylvania, 1
Founders Building, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Chamith S. Rajapakse
- From the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine
(B.C.J., H.L., C.C.C., H.K.S., N.K., C.S.R., F.W.W.), Department of
Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (B.C.J., N.K.),
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,
Perelman School of Medicine (M.A.M., P.J.S.), and Department of Orthopedic
Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine (C.S.R.), University of Pennsylvania, 1
Founders Building, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Felix W. Wehrli
- From the Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine
(B.C.J., H.L., C.C.C., H.K.S., N.K., C.S.R., F.W.W.), Department of
Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (B.C.J., N.K.),
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,
Perelman School of Medicine (M.A.M., P.J.S.), and Department of Orthopedic
Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine (C.S.R.), University of Pennsylvania, 1
Founders Building, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Jerban S, Ma Y, Wei Z, Jang H, Chang EY, Du J. Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cortical and Trabecular Bone. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2020; 24:386-401. [PMID: 32992367 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a composite material consisting of mineral, organic matrix, and water. Water in bone can be categorized as bound water (BW), which is bound to bone mineral and organic matrix, or as pore water (PW), which resides in Haversian canals as well as in lacunae and canaliculi. Bone is generally classified into two types: cortical bone and trabecular bone. Cortical bone is much denser than trabecular bone that is surrounded by marrow and fat. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been increasingly used for noninvasive assessment of both cortical bone and trabecular bone. Bone typically appears as a signal void with conventional MR sequences because of its short T2*. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences with echo times 100 to 1,000 times shorter than those of conventional sequences allow direct imaging of BW and PW in bone. This article summarizes several quantitative MR techniques recently developed for bone evaluation. Specifically, we discuss the use of UTE and adiabatic inversion recovery prepared UTE sequences to quantify BW and PW, UTE magnetization transfer sequences to quantify collagen backbone protons, UTE quantitative susceptibility mapping sequences to assess bone mineral, and conventional sequences for high-resolution imaging of PW as well as the evaluation of trabecular bone architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California
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6
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Grünherz L, Prein C, Winkler T, Kirsch M, Hopfner U, Streichert T, Clausen-Schaumann H, Zustin J, Kirchhof K, Morlock MM, Machens HG, Schilling AF. Osteoidosis leads to altered differentiation and function of osteoclasts. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5665-5674. [PMID: 32283567 PMCID: PMC7214153 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with osteomalacia, a defect in bone mineralization leads to changed characteristics of the bone surface. Considering that the properties of the surrounding matrix influence function and differentiation of cells, we aimed to investigate the effect of osteoidosis on differentiation and function of osteoclasts. Based on osteomalacic bone biopsies, a model for osteoidosis in vitro (OIV) was established. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were differentiated to osteoclasts on mineralized surfaces (MS) as internal control and on OIV. We observed a significantly reduced number of osteoclasts and surface resorption on OIV. Atomic force microscopy revealed a significant effect of the altered degree of mineralization on surface mechanics and an unmasking of collagen fibres on the surface. Indeed, coating of MS with RGD peptides mimicked the resorption phenotype observed in OIV, suggesting that the altered differentiation of osteoclasts on OIV might be associated with an interaction of the cells with amino acid sequences of unmasked extracellular matrix proteins containing RGD sequences. Transcriptome analysis uncovered a strong significant up‐regulation of transmembrane glycoprotein TROP2 in osteoclastic cultures on OIV. TROP2 expression on OIV was also confirmed on the protein level and found on the bone surface of patients with osteomalacia. Taken together, our results show a direct influence of the mineralization state of the extracellular matrix surface on differentiation and function of osteoclasts on this surface which may be important for the pathophysiology of osteomalacia and other bone disorders with changed ratio of osteoid to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Grünherz
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER), Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Prein
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER), Munich, Germany.,Department of Applied Sciences and Mechatronics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Institute of Biomechanics, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Kirsch
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Hopfner
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER), Munich, Germany.,Department of Applied Sciences and Mechatronics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Jozef Zustin
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Michael M Morlock
- Institute of Biomechanics, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Günter Machens
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt Friedrich Schilling
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Lebon V, Jan S, Fontyn Y, Tiret B, Pottier G, Jaumain E, Valette J. Using 31P-MRI of hydroxyapatite for bone attenuation correction in PET-MRI: proof of concept in the rodent brain. EJNMMI Phys 2017; 4:16. [PMID: 28466279 PMCID: PMC5413461 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-017-0183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correction of γ-photon attenuation in PET-MRI remains a critical issue, especially for bone attenuation. This problem is of great importance for brain studies due to the density of the skull. Current techniques for skull attenuation correction (AC) provide indirect estimates of cortical bone density, leading to inaccurate estimates of brain activity. The purpose of this study was to develop an alternate method for bone attenuation correction based on NMR. The proposed approach relies on the detection of hydroxyapatite crystals by zero echo time (ZTE) MRI of 31P, providing individual and quantitative assessment of bone density. This work presents a proof of concept of this approach. The first step of the method is a calibration experiment to determine the conversion relationship between the 31P signal and the linear attenuation coefficient μ. Then 31P-ZTE was performed in vivo in rodent to estimate the μ-map of the skull. 18F-FDG PET data were acquired in the same animal and reconstructed with three different AC methods: 31P-based AC, AC neglecting the bone and the gold standard, CT-based AC, used to comparison for the other two methods. RESULTS The calibration experiment provided a conversion factor of 31P signal into μ. In vivo 31P-ZTE made it possible to acquire 3D images of the rat skull. Brain PET images showed underestimation of 18F activity in peripheral regions close to the skull when AC neglected the bone (as compared with CT-based AC). The use of 31P-derived μ-map for AC leads to increased peripheral activity, and therefore a global overestimation of brain 18F activity. CONCLUSIONS In vivo 31P-ZTE MRI of hydroxyapatite provides μ-map of the skull, which can be used for attenuation correction of 18F-FDG PET images. This study is limited by several intrinsic biases associated with the size of the rat brain, which are unlikely to affect human data on a clinical PET-MRI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lebon
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomedicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Sébastien Jan
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomedicale (I2BM), SHFJ, Orsay, France
- Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1023-CNRS ERL 9218, IMIV, Orsay, France
| | - Yoann Fontyn
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomedicale (I2BM), SHFJ, Orsay, France
- Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1023-CNRS ERL 9218, IMIV, Orsay, France
| | - Brice Tiret
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomedicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Géraldine Pottier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomedicale (I2BM), SHFJ, Orsay, France
- Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1023-CNRS ERL 9218, IMIV, Orsay, France
| | - Emilie Jaumain
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomedicale (I2BM), SHFJ, Orsay, France
- Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1023-CNRS ERL 9218, IMIV, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomedicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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8
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Zhao X, Song HK, Seifert AC, Li C, Wehrli FW. Feasibility of assessing bone matrix and mineral properties in vivo by combined solid-state 1H and 31P MRI. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173995. [PMID: 28296979 PMCID: PMC5352014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop and evaluate an integrated imaging protocol for bone water and phosphorus quantification in vivo by solid-state 1H and 31P MRI. Materials and methods All studies were HIPAA-compliant and were performed with institutional review board approval and written informed consent. Proton (1H) ultra-short echo-time (UTE) and phosphorus (31P) zero echo-time (ZTE) sequences were designed and implemented on a 3 T clinical MR scanner to quantify bone water and mineral in vivo. The left tibia of ten healthy subjects (including both genders, 49±15 y/o) was examined with a custom-built 1H/31P dual-frequency extremity RF coil. Total bone water (TW), water bound to the collagen matrix (BW) and bone 31P were quantified from MR images with respect to reference samples of known 1H or 31P concentration, and pore water (PW) was subsequently determined from TW and BW. Porosity index (PI) was calculated as the ratio between UTE images acquired at two echo times. MRI parameters were compared with bone density measures obtained by high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT). Results The total scan time for the bone water and 31P quantification protocol was about 50 minutes. Average TW, BW, PW and 31P concentrations were 13.99±1.26, 10.39±0.80, 3.34±1.41 mol/L and 7.06±1.53 mol/L for the studied cohort, respectively, in good agreement with previous results conducted ex vivo. Average intra-subject coefficients of variation were 3.47%, 2.60% and 7.50% for TW, BW and PW and 5.60% for 31P. Negative correlations were observed between PW and vBMD (p<0.05) as well as between PI and 31P (p<0.05), while bone mineral content (BMC) estimated from 31P MRI and HR-pQCT were strongly positively correlated (p<0.0001). Conclusion This work demonstrates the feasibility of quantifying bone water and mineral phosphorus in human subjects in a single MRI session with a clinically practical imaging protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1 Founders Building, MRI Education Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Hee Kwon Song
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1 Founders Building, MRI Education Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Alan C. Seifert
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1 Founders Building, MRI Education Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Cheng Li
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1 Founders Building, MRI Education Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Felix W. Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1 Founders Building, MRI Education Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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10
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role for assessment of the musculoskeletal system. It is currently the clinical modality of choice for evaluation of soft tissues including cartilage, ligaments, tendons, muscle, and bone marrow. By comparison, the study of calcified tissue by MRI is still in its infancy. In this article, we review the potential of the modality for assessment of cortical bone properties known to be affected in degenerative bone disease, with focus on parameters related to matrix and mineral densities, and porosity, by means of emerging solid-state (1)H and (31)P MRI techniques. In contrast to soft tissues, the MRI signal in calcified tissues has very short lifetime, on the order of 100 μs to a few milliseconds, demanding customized imaging approaches that allow capture of the signal almost immediately after excitation. The technologies described are suited for quantitatively imaging human cortical bone in specimens as well as in vivo in patients on standard clinical imagers, yielding either concentrations in absolute units when measured against a reference standard, or more simply, in the form of surrogate biomarkers. The two major water fractions in cortical bone are those of collagen-bound and pore water occurring at an approximately 3:1 ratio. Collagen-bound water density provides a direct quantitative measure of osteoid density. While at an earlier stage of development, quantification of mineral phosphorus by (31)P MRI yields mineral density and, together with knowledge of matrix density, should allow quantification of the degree of bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Seifert
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, MRI Education Center, 1st Floor Founders, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, MRI Education Center, 1st Floor Founders, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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11
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Giovannetti G, Guerrini A, Salvadori PA. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging for the study of fossils. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:730-742. [PMID: 26979538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) has long been used for investigating palaeontological specimens, as it is a nondestructive technique which avoids the need to dissolve or ionize the fossil sample. However, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have recently gained ground as analytical tools for examination of palaeontological samples, by nondestructively providing information about the structure and composition of fossils. While MRI techniques are able to reveal the three-dimensional geometry of the trace fossil, MRS can provide information on the chemical composition of the samples. The multidimensional nature of MR (magnetic resonance) signals has potential to provide rich three-dimensional data on the palaeontological specimens and also to help in elucidating paleopathological and paleoecological questions. In this work the verified applications and the emerging uses of MRI and MRS in paleontology are reviewed, with particular attention to fossil spores, fossil plants, ambers, fossil invertebrates, and fossil vertebrate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Giovannetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Guerrini
- Sezione Paleontologica GAPL (Gruppo Archeologico e Paleontologico Livornese), Museo di Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo, via Roma, 234, 57127 Leghorn, Italy
| | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Seifert AC, Li C, Wehrli SL, Wehrli FW. A Surrogate Measure of Cortical Bone Matrix Density by Long T2 -Suppressed MRI. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:2229-38. [PMID: 26085307 PMCID: PMC4683123 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance has the potential to image and quantify two pools of water within bone: free water within the Haversian pore system (transverse relaxation time, T2 > 1 ms), and water hydrogen-bonded to matrix collagen (T2 ∼ 300 to 400 μs). Although total bone water concentration quantified by MRI has been shown to scale with porosity, greater insight into bone matrix density and porosity may be gained by relaxation-based separation of bound and pore water fractions. The objective of this study was to evaluate a recently developed surrogate measurement for matrix density, single adiabatic inversion recovery (SIR) zero echo-time (ZTE) MRI, in human bone. Specimens of tibial cortical bone from 15 donors (aged 27 to 97 years; 8 female and 7 male) were examined at 9.4T field strength using two methods: (1) (1)H ZTE MRI, to capture total (1)H signal, and (2) (1)H SIR-ZTE MRI, to selectively image matrix-associated (1)H signal. Total water, bone matrix, and bone mineral densities were also quantified gravimetrically, and porosity was measured by micro-CT. ZTE apparent total water (1)H concentration was 32.7 ± 3.2 M (range 28.5 to 40.3 M), and was correlated positively with porosity (R(2) = 0.80) and negatively with matrix and mineral densities (R(2) = 0.90 and 0.82, respectively). SIR-ZTE apparent bound water (1)H concentration was 32.9 ± 3.9 M (range 24.4 to 39.8 M), and its correlations were opposite to those of apparent total water: negative with porosity (R(2) = 0.73) and positive with matrix density (R(2) = 0.74) and mineral density (R(2) = 0.72). Porosity was strongly correlated with gravimetric matrix density (R(2) = 0.91, negative) and total water density (R(2) = 0.92, positive). The strong correlations of SIR-ZTE-derived apparent bound water (1)H concentration with ground-truth measurements suggest that this quantitative solid-state MRI method provides a nondestructive surrogate measure of bone matrix density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Seifert
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cheng Li
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne L Wehrli
- NMR Core Facility, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Avrunin AS. Osteoporosis and osteomalacia - clinical and diagnostic problems. TRAUMATOLOGY AND ORTHOPEDICS OF RUSSIA 2014. [DOI: 10.21823/2311-2905-2014-0-4-68-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Aim: to define main clinical and diagnostical problems related to osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Literature data showed that not only osteoporosis but osteomalacia may be the reason for decreasing of mechanical properties of skeleton with risk of low-energy fractures. The solution of associated medical and social problems is difficult because DEXA does not allow to differentiate between osteoporosis and osteomalacia that leads to misdiagnosis and unnecessary prescription of antiosteoporotic drugs. This approach is pathogenetically unproved and even may be harmful for the patient. Osteoporosis and osteomalacia does not exclude each other so bone mass reducing in one cohort of patient may be due to osteoporosis, other - osteomalacia and some of them - combinations of both. Another point is that results of controlled clinical trials that evaluated efficacy of antiosteoporotic drugs without differentiative histology tests for osteoporosis and osteomalacia are of doubtful value. As the bone biopsy that is necessary for osteomalacia diagnosis is invasive procedure there is need in definition of clear criteria when it has to be done in patient with reduced bone mass.
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14
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Seifert AC, Wright AC, Wehrli SL, Ong HH, Li C, Wehrli FW. 31P NMR relaxation of cortical bone mineral at multiple magnetic field strengths and levels of demineralization. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1158-66. [PMID: 23505120 PMCID: PMC3715596 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has shown that solid-state (1) H and (31) P MRI can provide detailed insight into bone matrix and mineral properties, thereby potentially enabling differentiation of osteoporosis from osteomalacia. However, (31) P MRI of bone mineral is hampered by unfavorable relaxation properties. Hence, accurate knowledge of these properties is critical to optimizing MRI of bone phosphorus. In this work, (31) P MRI signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was predicted on the basis of T1 and T2 * (effective transverse relaxation time) measured in lamb bone at six field strengths (1.5-11.7 T) and subsequently verified by 3D ultra-short echo-time and zero echo-time imaging. Further, T1 was measured in deuterium-exchanged bone and partially demineralized bone. (31) P T2 * was found to decrease from 220.3 ± 4.3 µs to 98.0 ± 1.4 µs from 1.5 to 11.7 T, and T1 to increase from 12.8 ± 0.5 s to 97.3 ± 6.4 s. Deuteron substitution of exchangeable water showed that 76% of the (31) P longitudinal relaxation rate is due to (1) H-(31) P dipolar interactions. Lastly, hypomineralization was found to decrease T1, which may have implications for (31) P MRI based mineralization density quantification. Despite the steep decrease in the T2 */T1 ratio, SNR should increase with field strength as B0 (0.4) for sample-dominated noise and as B0 (1.1) for coil-dominated noise. This was confirmed by imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Seifert
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Frey MA, Michaud M, VanHouten JN, Insogna KL, Madri JA, Barrett SE. Phosphorus-31 MRI of hard and soft solids using quadratic echo line-narrowing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:5190-5. [PMID: 22431609 PMCID: PMC3325667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1117293109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of solids is rarely attempted. One of the main reasons is that the broader MR linewidths, compared to the narrow resonance of the hydrogen ((1)H) in free water, limit both the attainable spatial resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio. Basic physics research, stimulated by the quest to build a quantum computer, gave rise to a unique MR pulse sequence that offers a solution to this long-standing problem. The "quadratic echo" significantly narrows the broad MR spectrum of solids. Applying field gradients in sync with this line-narrowing sequence offers a fresh approach to carry out MRI of hard and soft solids with high spatial resolution and with a wide range of potential uses. Here we demonstrate that this method can be used to carry out three-dimensional MRI of the phosphorus ((31)P) in ex vivo bone and soft tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Michaud
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Joshua N. VanHouten
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Karl L. Insogna
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Joseph A. Madri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510; and
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele L. Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
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17
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Rajapakse CS, Magland JF, Wald MJ, Liu XS, Zhang XH, Guo XE, Wehrli FW. Computational biomechanics of the distal tibia from high-resolution MR and micro-CT images. Bone 2010; 47:556-63. [PMID: 20685323 PMCID: PMC2926228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of bone estimated by micro-finite element (microFE) analysis on the basis of in vivo micro-MR images (microMRIs) of the distal extremities provide a new tool for direct assessment of the mechanical consequences of intervention. However, the accuracy of the method has not previously been investigated. Here, we compared microFE-derived mechanical parameters obtained from microMRIs at 160 microm isotropic voxel size now achievable in vivo with those derived from 25 microm isotropic (reference) microCT images of 30 cadaveric tibiae from 15 donors (4 females and 11 males, aged 55-84 years). Elastic and shear moduli estimated from 5mm(3) subvolumes of trabecular bone (TB) derived from microMRIs were significantly correlated with those derived from volume-matched reference microCT images (R(2)=0.60-0.67). Axial stiffness of whole-bone sections (including both cortical and trabecular compartments) derived from microMR-based models were highly correlated (R(2)=0.85) with those from high-resolution reference images. Further, microFE models generated from microCT images after downsampling to lower resolutions relevant to in vivo microMRI (100-160 microm) showed mechanical parameters to be strongly correlated (R(2)>0.93) with those derived at reference resolution (25 microm). Incorporation of grayscale image information into the microMR-based microFE model yielded slopes closer to unity than binarized models (1.07+/-0.15 vs. 0.71+/-0.11) when correlated with reference subregional elastic and shear moduli. This work suggests that elastic properties of distal tibia can be reliably estimated by microFE analysis from microMRIs obtainable at in vivo resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamith S. Rajapakse
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy F. Magland
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J. Wald
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - X. Sherry Liu
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - X. Henry Zhang
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - X. Edward Guo
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Felix W. Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Cao H, Nazarian A, Ackerman JL, Snyder BD, Rosenberg AE, Nazarian RM, Hrovat MI, Dai G, Mintzopoulos D, Wu Y. Quantitative (31)P NMR spectroscopy and (1)H MRI measurements of bone mineral and matrix density differentiate metabolic bone diseases in rat models. Bone 2010; 46:1582-90. [PMID: 20188225 PMCID: PMC2875334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, bone mineral density (BMD) of normal (CON), ovariectomized (OVX), and partially nephrectomized (NFR) rats was measured by (31)P NMR spectroscopy; bone matrix density was measured by (1)H water- and fat-suppressed projection imaging (WASPI); and the extent of bone mineralization (EBM) was obtained by the ratio of BMD/bone matrix density. The capability of these MR methods to distinguish the bone composition of the CON, OVX, and NFR groups was evaluated against chemical analysis (gravimetry). For cortical bone specimens, BMD of the CON and OVX groups was not significantly different; BMD of the NFR group was 22.1% (by (31)P NMR) and 17.5% (by gravimetry) lower than CON. For trabecular bone specimens, BMD of the OVX group was 40.5% (by (31)P NMR) and 24.6% (by gravimetry) lower than CON; BMD of the NFR group was 26.8% (by (31)P NMR) and 21.5% (by gravimetry) lower than CON. No significant change of cortical bone matrix density between CON and OVX was observed by WASPI or gravimetry; NFR cortical bone matrix density was 10.3% (by WASPI) and 13.9% (by gravimetry) lower than CON. OVX trabecular bone matrix density was 38.0% (by WASPI) and 30.8% (by gravimetry) lower than CON, while no significant change in NFR trabecular bone matrix density was observed by either method. The EBMs of OVX cortical and trabecular specimens were slightly higher than CON but not significantly different from CON. Importantly, EBMs of NFR cortical and trabecular specimens were 12.4% and 26.3% lower than CON by (31)P NMR/WASPI, respectively, and 4.0% and 11.9% lower by gravimetry. Histopathology showed evidence of osteoporosis in the OVX group and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (renal osteodystrophy) in the NFR group. These results demonstrate that the combined (31)P NMR/WASPI method is capable of discerning the difference in EBM between animals with osteoporosis and those with impaired bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jerome L. Ackerman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Brian D. Snyder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Andrew E. Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Rosalynn M. Nazarian
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Guangping Dai
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Dionyssios Mintzopoulos
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yaotang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Corresponding Author: Yaotang Wu, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Room 930, Enders Building, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Phone: 617-919-2060, Fax: 617-730-0122,
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Anumula S, Wehrli SL, Magland J, Wright AC, Wehrli FW. Ultra-short echo-time MRI detects changes in bone mineralization and water content in OVX rat bone in response to alendronate treatment. Bone 2010; 46:1391-9. [PMID: 20096815 PMCID: PMC2854263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.01.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work we hypothesize that bisphosphonate treatment following ovariectomy manifests in increased phosphorus and decreased water concentration, both quantifiable nondestructively with ultra-short echo-time (UTE) (31)P and (1)H-MRI techniques. We evaluated this hypothesis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats undergoing treatment with two regimens of alendronate. Sixty female four-month-old rats were divided into four groups of 15 animals each: ovariectomized (OVX), OVX treatment groups ALN1 and ALN2, receiving 5 microg/kg/day and 25 microg/kg/day of alendronate, and a sham-operated group (NO) serving as control. Treatment, starting 1 week post-surgery, lasted for 50 days at which time animals were sacrificed. Whole bones from the left and right femora were extracted from all the animals. (31)P and (1)H water concentration were measured by UTE MRI at 162 and 400 MHz in the femoral shaft and the results compared with other measures of mineral and matrix properties obtained by (31)P solution NMR, CT density, ash weight, and water measured by dehydration. Mechanical parameters (elastic modulus, EM, and ultimate strength, US) were obtained by three-point bending. The following quantities were lower in OVX relative to NO: phosphorus concentration measured by (31)P-MRI (-8%; 11.4+/-0.9 vs. 12.4+/-0.8%, p<0.005), (31)P-NMR (-4%; 12.8+/-0.4 vs. 13.3+/-0.8 %, p<0.05) and micro-CT density (-2.5%; 1316+/-34 vs. 1349+/-32 mg/cm(3), p=0.005). In contrast, water concentration by (1)H-MRI was elevated in OVX relative to NO (+6%; 15.5+/-1.7 vs. 14.6+/-1.4 %, p<0.05). Alendronate treatment increased phosphorus concentration and decreased water concentration in a dose-dependent manner, the higher dose yielding significant changes relative to values found in OVX animals: (31)P-MRI (+14%; p<0.0001), (31)P-NMR (+9%; p<0.0001), ash content (+1.5%; p<0.005), micro-CT mineralization density (+2.8%; p<0.05), and (1)H-MRI, (-19%, p<0.0001). The higher dose raised phosphorus concentration above and water concentration below NO levels: (31)P-MRI (+6%; p<0.05), (31)P-NMR (+5%; p=0.01), ash content (+1.5%; p=0.005), (1)H-MRI (-14%; p<0.0001), and drying water (-10%; p<0.0005). Finally, the group means of phosphorus concentration were positively correlated with EM and US (R(2)> or =0.98, p<0.001 to p<0.05) even though the pooled data from individual animals were not. The results highlight the implications of estrogen depletion and bisphosphonate treatment on mineral composition and mechanical properties and the potential of solid-state MR imaging to detect these changes in situ in an animal model of rat ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeshaSailaja Anumula
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Magland
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander C. Wright
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felix W. Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Techawiboonwong A, Song HK, Leonard MB, Wehrli FW. Cortical bone water: in vivo quantification with ultrashort echo-time MR imaging. Radiology 2008; 248:824-33. [PMID: 18632530 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2482071995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a method based on ultrashort echo-time radial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to quantify bone water (BW) concentration as a new metric of bone quality in human cortical bone in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human subject studies were institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant; informed consent was obtained. Cortical BW concentration was determined with custom-designed MR imaging sequences at 3.0 T and was validated in sheep and human cortical bone by using exchange of native water with deuterium oxide (D(2)O). The submillisecond T2* of BW requires correction for relaxation losses during the radiofrequency pulse. BW was measured at the tibial midshaft in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women (mean age, 34.6 and 69.4 years, respectively; n = 5 in each group) and in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (mean age, 51.8 years; n = 6) and was compared with bone mineral density (BMD) at the same site at peripheral quantitative computed tomography, as well as with BMD of the lumbar spine and hip at dual x-ray absorptiometry. Data were analyzed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient and two-sided t tests as appropriate. RESULTS Excellent agreement was obtained ex vivo between the water displaced by using D(2)O exchange and water measured with respect to a reference sample (r(2) = 0.99, P < .001). In vivo, BW in the postmenopausal group was greater by 65% (28.7% +/- 1.3 [standard deviation] vs 17.4% +/- 2.2, P < .001) than in the premenopausal group, and patients with renal osteodystrophy had higher BW (41.4% +/- 9.6) than the premenopausal group by 135% (P < .001) and the postmenopausal group by 43% (P = .02). BMD showed an opposite behavior, with much smaller group differences. Because the majority of BW is in the pore system of cortical bone, this parameter provides a surrogate measure for cortical porosity. CONCLUSION A new MR imaging-based method for quantifying BW noninvasively has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranee Techawiboonwong
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Founders, MRI Education Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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