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Hong J, Luo F, Du X, Xian F, Li X. The immune cells in modulating osteoclast formation and bone metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112151. [PMID: 38685175 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are pivotal in regulating bone metabolism, with immune cells significantly influencing both physiological and pathological processes by modulating osteoclast functions. This is particularly evident in conditions of inflammatory bone resorption, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. This review summarizes and comprehensively analyzes the research progress on the regulation of osteoclast formation by immune cells, aiming to unveil the underlying mechanisms and pathways through which diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, impact bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingyue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fa Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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2
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Molecular Basis beyond Interrelated Bone Resorption/Regeneration in Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054599. [PMID: 36902030 PMCID: PMC10003253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the sixth most common chronic inflammatory disease, destroying the tissues supporting the teeth. There are three distinct stages in periodontitis: infection, inflammation, and tissue destruction, where each stage has its own characteristics and hence its line of treatment. Illuminating the underlying mechanisms of alveolar bone loss is vital in the treatment of periodontitis to allow for subsequent reconstruction of the periodontium. Bone cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone marrow stromal cells, classically were thought to control bone destruction in periodontitis. Lately, osteocytes were found to assist in inflammation-related bone remodeling besides being able to initiate physiological bone remodeling. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) either transplanted or homed exhibit highly immunosuppressive properties, such as preventing monocytes/hematopoietic precursor differentiation and downregulating excessive release of inflammatory cytokines. In the early stages of bone regeneration, an acute inflammatory response is critical for the recruitment of MSCs, controlling their migration, and their differentiation. Later during bone remodeling, the interaction and balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines could regulate MSC properties, resulting in either bone formation or bone resorption. This narrative review elaborates on the important interactions between inflammatory stimuli during periodontal diseases, bone cells, MSCs, and subsequent bone regeneration or bone resorption. Understanding these concepts will open up new possibilities for promoting bone regeneration and hindering bone loss caused by periodontal diseases.
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Lee S, Kim HS, Kim MJ, Min KY, Choi WS, You JS. Glutamine metabolite α-ketoglutarate acts as an epigenetic co-factor to interfere with osteoclast differentiation. Bone 2021; 145:115836. [PMID: 33383217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) have been well-known involved in the exacerbation of bone-related diseases. However, the role of metabolites on osteoclastogenesis has not been well characterized. Herein, we found osteoclastogenesis was negatively regulated by α-ketoglutarate (αKG) in vitro and in vivo (C57BL/6 mouse). Kinetic transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), a subunit of the cysteine/glutamate antiporter, as well as the downregulation of typical OC maker genes through αKG treatment. Given that Slc7a11 could control ROS level through glutathione import, we measured intracellular ROS, then RANKL-induced ROS production was inhibited by αKG. Notably, we highlight that αKG plays an epigenetic co-factor at the Slc7a11 promoter by demethylating repressive histone H3K9 methylation and simultaneously increasing the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) binding, a critical transcription factor through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Together, we suggested that αKG could be a therapeutic strategy for OC activated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyong Lee
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Myoung Jun Kim
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun Young Min
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Institute of Medical Science, KU Open Innovation Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jueng Soo You
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Institute of Medical Science, KU Open Innovation Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ozaki Y, Kishimoto T, Yamashita Y, Kaneko T, Higuchi K, Mae M, Oohira M, Mohammad AI, Yanagiguchi K, Yoshimura A. Expression of osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines differs in mouse gingiva injected with lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, or both. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:104990. [PMID: 33259988 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial substances in subgingival biofilm evoke alveolar bone resorption. We previously reported that gingival injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN) induced alveolar bone resorption in mice. However, the mechanism by which LPS and PGN induce osteoclast formation has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines in the alveolar bone resorption induced by LPS and PGN. MATERIALS LPS from Escherichia coli, PGN from Staphylococcus aureus, or both were injected into the gingiva of mice every 48 h for a total of 13 times. Alveolar bone resorption was assessed histochemically by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-10 were analyzed by immunostaining. To analyze the role of these cytokines, RANKL-pretreated mouse bone marrow macrophages were stimulated with LPS, PGN, or LPS + PGN with or without anti-TNF-α antibody, IL-17, or IL-10. RESULTS Alveolar bone resorption was induced by both LPS and PGN and exacerbated by LPS + PGN. LPS induced higher RANKL expression than PGN. Expression of TNF-α and IL-10 was correlated with bone resorption. PGN injections induced the strongest expression of IL-17, followed by LPS + PGN and LPS. In an in vitro osteoclastogenesis assay, anti-TNF-α antibody and IL-10 inhibited osteoclast formation, but IL-17 promoted it. CONCLUSION LPS, PGN, or LPS + PGN injections induce distinctive expression of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-17, suggesting that the composition of these bacterial ligands in dental plaque is critical for alveolar bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Kishimoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Kishimoto Dental Office, Oita, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneko
- Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Higuchi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Megumi Mae
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Oohira
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Alam Ibtehaz Mohammad
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kajiro Yanagiguchi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Exendin-4 regulates Wnt and NF-κB signaling in lipopolysaccharide-induced human periodontal ligament stem cells to promote osteogenic differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105801. [PMID: 31401384 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A major feature of chronic periodontitis (CP) is the damage and destruction of alveolar bone. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) can differentiate into bone and improve CP. Exendin-4 (Ex-4) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory mechanisms and can promote bone regeneration. However, the effects of Ex-4 on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in the inflammatory microenvironment remains uncharacterized. In this study, we assessed the effects of Ex-4 on PDLSCs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the inflammatory environment. PDLSCs proliferation was assessed through CCK-8 assays and osteogenic differentiation was measured using Alizarin Red staining. The anti-inflammatory and osteogenic mechanisms of Ex-4 were assessed by western blot, RT-PCR, ELISA and immunofluorescence. We found that LPS treatment promoted the proliferative capacity of PDLSCs and inhibited their osteogenic differentiation. However, Ex-4 reversed these effects through suppressing PDLSCs proliferation and promoting osteogenic differentiation. Ex-4 increased Runx2, ALP, and Osx levels and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 expression. Ex-4 also reduced the expression of IκBα and p-IκBα, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65. The expression of β-catenin decreased in nucleus after co-treatment of Ex-4 with LPS. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Ex-4 promotes PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation in the inflammatory microenvironment through regulating NF-κB and Wnt signaling.
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Izumi S, Yoshinaga Y, Nakamura H, Takamori A, Takamori Y, Ukai T, Shiraishi C, Hara Y. A histopathologic study of the controlling role of T cells on experimental periodontitis in rats. J Dent Sci 2019; 13:87-96. [PMID: 30895102 PMCID: PMC6388841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The onset and progression of periodontitis involve bacterial infection and the immune response. T cells function in the immune response and reportedly induce bone resorption in inflammatory bone loss. However, the exact role of T cells in periodontal destruction remains unclear. Using our experimental model of periodontitis, we aimed to investigate the influence of T cells on periodontal destruction. Materials and methods Male athymic nude (Nu) and euthymic wild-type (WT) rats were divided into the immunized (I-Nu and I-WT), non-immunized (nI-Nu and nI-WT). The immunized groups were immunized intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The non-immunized groups received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Nothing was administered to the non-treated groups. LPS was applied to the right palatal gingival sulcus in the immunized and non-immunized groups daily for 20 days. Loss of attachment, numbers of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts, and levels of alveolar bone were investigated histopathologically and histometrically. Osteoclasts were stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The numbers of IL-4-positive cells were evaluated immunohistologically. Results Loss of attachment, numbers of inflammatory cells, levels of alveolar bone, and the number of osteoclasts were significantly increased in the nI-WT group compared with the nI-Nu group. However, the parameters were significantly increased in the I-Nu group compared with the I-WT group. The number of IL-4-positive cells was greater in the I-WT group than in the I-Nu group. Conclusion T cells promote inflammation in non-immunized animals; however, they regulate these processes in immunized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yoshinaga
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akiko Takamori
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuzo Takamori
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ukai
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Shiraishi
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Thymol inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 and BMM cells and LPS-induced bone loss in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:418-429. [PMID: 30048646 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thymol was identified as one of key compounds contributing to the aroma of thyme leaves. We investigated the effects of thymol on receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow derived macrophage (BMMs) cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss in vivo. Thymol markedly reduced RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation and differentiation in RAW264.7 cells and BMMs cells without any cytotoxic effects. The in vitro and in vivo osteoclastogenesis inhibitory effect of thymol was assessed by calculating the quantity of TRAP (+) multinucleated cells and its inhibitory effects on the resorbing capacity were examined on calcium phosphate-coated plates. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of thymol resulted in a reduction of RANK, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), c-terminal myc kinase (C-MYC), C-terminal Src kinase (C-SRC), GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 (GAB2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and carbonic anhydrase II genes. Similarly, activities of ERK, JNK and AKT and protein expressions of NFATc1, C-FOS, MMP-9 and cathepsin K were downregulated by thymol. More importantly, the application of thymol significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss in mice. In conclusion, these findings identified that thymol could be a useful therapeutic agent for the prevention of bone destructive diseases.
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Yu K, Ma Y, Li X, Wu X, Liu W, Li X, Shen J, Wang H. Lipopolysaccharide increases IL-6 secretion via activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to up-regulate RANKL gene expression in MLO-Y4 cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 41:84-92. [PMID: 27778412 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays an important role in bone resorption, which involves numerous cytokines through various signaling pathways. RANKL and interleukin (IL)-6 are two important cytokines that are involved in bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LPS on RANKL and IL-6 gene expression, the relationship of RANKL and IL-6, and the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) on IL-6 secretion induced by LPS in MLO-Y4 cells. The cells were stimulated by LPS at different concentrations (1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 ng/mL) for different durations (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 h), and the mRNA expressions of RANKL and IL-6 were determined by PCR. In the presence of 100 ng/mL LPS at different time points (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 h), IL-6 secretion and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the cells were determined by ELISA and western blotting, respectively. STAT3 phosphorylation in cells simulated by 100 ng/mL LPS at different time points (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h) was assessed by western blotting. We found that LPS significantly up-regulated RANKL expression and activated the ERK1/2 pathway to induce IL-6 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in MLO-Y4 cells. However, the increased IL-6 was blocked by pre-treatment of MLO-Y4 cells with the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (10 µM), and the enhanced RANKL was blocked by the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 (100 µM). Our results indicate that LPS up-regulates osteocyte expression of RANKL and IL-6, and the increased RANKL is associated with the up-regulation of IL-6, which involves the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xianxian Li
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangnan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiefei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Wang Y, Wu H, Shen M, Ding S, Miao J, Chen N. Role of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells in promoting osteogenic differentiation by influencing p38 MAPK signaling in lipopolysaccharide -induced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:41-49. [PMID: 27832946 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by bacterial pathogens, which not only affect connective tissue attachments but also cause alveolar bone loss. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMSCs) on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions. Proliferation levels were measured by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU). Osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization were investigated using chromogenic alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity substrate assays, Alizarin red S staining, and RT-PCR analysis of HBMSCs osteogenic marker expression. Oxidative stress induced by LPS was investigated by assaying reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Here, we demonstrated that HAMSCs increased the proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation, and SOD activity of LPS-induced HBMSCs, and down-regulated the ROS level. Moreover, our results suggested that the activation of p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway is essential for reversing the LPS-induced bone-destructive processes. SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK signaling, significantly suppressed the anti-inflammatory effects in HAMSCs. In conclusion, HAMSCs show a strong potential in treating inflammation-induced bone loss by influencing p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China.
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Giannelli M, Landini G, Materassi F, Chellini F, Antonelli A, Tani A, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Rossolini GM, Bani D. The effects of diode laser on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide adherent to titanium oxide surface of dental implants. An in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1613-1619. [PMID: 27475996 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective decontamination of biofilm and bacterial toxins from the surface of dental implants is a yet unresolved issue. This in vitro study aims at providing the experimental basis for possible use of diode laser (λ 808 nm) in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm was grown for 48 h on titanium discs with porous surface corresponding to the bone-implant interface and then irradiated with a diode laser (λ 808 nm) in noncontact mode with airflow cooling for 1 min using a Ø 600-μm fiber. Setting parameters were 2 W (400 J/cm2) for continuous wave mode; 22 μJ, 20 kHz, 7 μs (88 J/cm2) for pulsed wave mode. Bactericidal effect was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy and counting the residual colony-forming units. Biofilm and titanium surface morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In parallel experiments, the titanium discs were coated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), laser-irradiated and seeded with RAW 264.7 macrophages to quantify LPS-driven inflammatory cell activation by measuring the enhanced generation of nitric oxide (NO). Diode laser irradiation in both continuous and pulsed modes induced a statistically significant reduction of viable bacteria and nitrite levels. These results indicate that in addition to its bactericidal effect laser irradiation can also inhibit LPS-induced macrophage activation and thus blunt the inflammatory response. The λ 808-nm diode laser emerges as a valuable tool for decontamination/detoxification of the titanium implant surface and may be used in the treatment of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giannelli
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, Via dell' Olivuzzo 162, 50143, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giulia Landini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, Viale Bracci, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Materassi
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, Via dell' Olivuzzo 162, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, Largo Brambilla 3, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, Viale Bracci, Siena, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Critical Care and Specialistic Medicine, University of Florence, and 5Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Via San Damiano, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, Largo Brambilla 3, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, Largo Brambilla 3, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, Viale Bracci, Siena, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Critical Care and Specialistic Medicine, University of Florence, and 5Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Via San Damiano, 50134, Florence, Italy.,Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Via San Damiano, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, Largo Brambilla 3, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Xu L, Wang Y, Nguyen VT, Chen J. Effects of Topical Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Wound Healing After Flapless Implant Surgery: A Pilot Study. J Periodontol 2016; 87:275-80. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Takamori Y, Atsuta I, Nakamura H, Sawase T, Koyano K, Hara Y. Histopathological comparison of the onset of peri-implantitis and periodontitis in rats. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:163-170. [PMID: 26804139 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There are a few experimental models that clearly describe the pathological differences in tissue destruction between periodontitis and peri-implantitis. We recently reported that the formation of immune complexes accelerates site-specific loss of attachment and alveolar bone resorption when an antigen is topically applied in the gingival sulcus of an immunized rat. We applied this model to the peri-implant tissues and compared peri-implant destruction to periodontitis without using a ligature. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-five rats were used in this study and were divided into five groups. Implantation was performed immediately after extraction of right first molars in rats. The left first molars were left untreated to be examined as natural teeth. The immunized group consisted of rats that had received intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas the nonimmunized group received only phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The untreated baseline group received only implantation. After intraperitoneal booster injection, half of each group received topical application of LPS in the palatal gingival sulcus daily for 3 days. The other half of the groups received PBS. Histopathological and histometrical findings were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining, collagen fibers were observed with Azan staining, and formation of immune complexes was immunohistologically evaluated by C1qB expression. RESULT Peri-implant tissue destruction was greater in the immunized and LPS-applied groups than in the other groups. No periodontal destruction was observed. Formation of immune complexes was observed in the junctional epithelium and adjacent connective tissue in the immunized groups. CONCLUSION Antigen-induced peri-implant tissue destruction occurs faster than periodontal tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Takamori
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medicine, and Dental Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ikiru Atsuta
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nakamura
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medicine, and Dental Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medicine, and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medicine, and Dental Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
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13
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Ghannad F, Alkadi LT, Wiebe CB, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Larjava HS. Intra-operative application of chlorhexidine gel reduces bacterial counts in internal implant cavity. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:425-31. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Ghannad
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Lubna T. Alkadi
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Dentistry; College of Dentistry; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; King Abdulaziz Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Colin B. Wiebe
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Hannu S. Larjava
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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14
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Yamashita Y, Ukai T, Nakamura H, Yoshinaga Y, Kobayashi H, Takamori Y, Noguchi S, Yoshimura A, Hara Y. RANKL pretreatment plays an important role in the differentiation of pit-forming osteoclasts induced by TNF-α on murine bone marrow macrophages. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1273-82. [PMID: 26099662 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) induced by TNF-α alone do not have resorbing activity. When BMMs are stimulated with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) before TNF-α stimulation, pit-forming osteoclasts are differentiated. However, the details of the effect of RANKL pretreatment on the pit-forming osteoclast differentiation by TNF-α have not been established. The aim of this study is to examine the condition of RANKL pretreatment for differentiation of pit-forming osteoclasts induced by TNF-α. Murine BMMs were stimulated with various concentrations of RANKL for 24h in the presence of M-CSF, then the medium was changed and TNF-α was added. Osteoclasts and pits formation were examined. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), decoy receptor of RANKL, was added to the culture to examine the necessity of co-existing RANKL with TNF-α on the formation of pit-forming osteoclasts. To investigate the influence of RANKL of sufficient concentration as pretreatment for pit-forming osteoclast formation by TNF-α, dose- and time-dependent changes of osteoclast formation were checked. RESULTS The pit formation by osteoclasts in response to TNF-α required 10ng/mL RANKL pretreatment. Stimulation with this concentration of RANKL led to the differentiation of mature osteoclasts in the 72h culture. The pit formation was not inhibited by the OPG. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the concentration of RANKL pretreatment, which also alone can differentiate BMMs into osteoclasts, may be important in the differentiation of pit-forming osteoclasts by TNF-α. In addition, the effects of TNF-α after RANKL treatment might be independent of RANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ukai
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yoshinaga
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuzo Takamori
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Khor EC, Abel T, Tickner J, Chim SM, Wang C, Cheng T, Ng B, Ng PY, Teguh DA, Kenny J, Yang X, Chen H, Nakayama KI, Nakayama K, Pavlos N, Zheng MH, Xu J. Loss of protein kinase C-δ protects against LPS-induced osteolysis owing to an intrinsic defect in osteoclastic bone resorption. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70815. [PMID: 23951014 PMCID: PMC3738588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is intrinsically regulated by cell signaling molecules. The Protein Kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases is involved in multiple signaling pathways including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and osteoclast biology. However, the precise involvement of individual PKC isoforms in the regulation of osteoclast formation and bone homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we identify PKC-δ as the major PKC isoform expressed among all PKCs in osteoclasts; including classical PKCs (-α, -β and -γ), novel PKCs (-δ, -ε, -η and -θ) and atypical PKCs (-ι/λ and -ζ). Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of PKC-δ impairs osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. Moreover, disruption of PKC-δ activity protects against LPS-induced osteolysis in mice, with osteoclasts accumulating on the bone surface failing to resorb bone. Treatment with the PKC-δ inhibitor Rottlerin, blocks LPS-induced bone resorption in mice. Consistently, PKC-δ deficient mice exhibit increased trabeculae bone containing residual cartilage matrix, indicative of an osteoclast-rich osteopetrosis phenotype. Cultured ex vivo osteoclasts derived from PKC-δ null mice exhibit decreased CTX-1 levels and MARKS phosphorylation, with enhanced formation rates. This is accompanied by elevated gene expression levels of cathepsin K and PKC -α, -γ and -ε, as well as altered signaling of pERK and pcSrc416/527 upon RANKL-induction, possibly to compensate for the defects in bone resorption. Collectively, our data indicate that PKC-δ is an intrinsic regulator of osteoclast formation and bone resorption and thus is a potential therapeutic target for pathological osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Cheng Khor
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tamara Abel
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cathy Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Taksum Cheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin Ng
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dian Astari Teguh
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacob Kenny
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghui Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nathan Pavlos
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ming H. Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail: (JX); (MHZ)
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail: (JX); (MHZ)
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16
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Cvija H, Kovacic N, Katavic V, Ivcevic S, Aguila HL, Marusic A, Grcevic D. Chemotactic and Immunoregulatory Properties of Bone Cells are Modulated by Endotoxin-Stimulated Lymphocytes. Inflammation 2012; 35:1618-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Kim AR, Kim HS, Lee JM, Choi JH, Kim SN, Kim DK, Kim JH, Mun SH, Kim JW, Jeon HS, Kim YM, Choi WS. Arctigenin suppresses receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 682:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Kishimoto T, Kaneko T, Ukai T, Yokoyama M, Ayon Haro R, Yoshinaga Y, Yoshimura A, Hara Y. Peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide synergistically enhance bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:446-54. [PMID: 22283724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are bacterial cell wall constituents that are able to induce bone resorption by stimulating Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4, respectively. The fragments of PGN also stimulate inflammatory responses via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 1 and NOD2, although there are differences in the NOD-stimulatory activities between gram-positive and gram-negative PGNs. The TLR and NOD signaling pathways are known to engage in cross-talk to enhance the production of inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the effects of gram-negative and gram-positive PGNs on bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis in the presence or absence of LPS. MATERIAL AND METHODS We injected Escherichia coli PGN or Staphylococcus aureus PGN with or without LPS into mouse gingiva, and histopathologically assessed alveolar bone resorption by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. We also stimulated osteoclast precursors from mouse bone marrow macrophages with these PGNs in vitro and assessed osteoclastogenesis. The cells were also stimulated with synthetic ligands for NOD1; γ-D-glutamyl-meso-DAP NOD2; muramyl dipeptide or TLR2; Pam(3) CSK(4) with or without LPS to analyse the signaling cross-talk. RESULTS S. aureus PGN, but not E. coli PGN, induced alveolar bone resorption, as did LPS. However, PGN from both sources significantly enhanced the bone resorption in the mice co-injected with LPS. Both types of PGNs induced osteoclastogenesis and accelerated osteoclastogenesis when the cells were co-stimulated with LPS in vitro. All synthetic ligands synergistically induced osteoclastogenesis by co-stimulation with LPS. CONCLUSION Gram-positive or gram-negative PGN worked synergistically with LPS to induce bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis, possibly by co-ordinating the effects of TLR2, NOD1, NOD2 and TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kishimoto
- Department of Periodontology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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19
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Kuramoto A, Yoshinaga Y, Kaneko T, Ukai T, Shiraishi C, Oshino K, Ichimura I, Hara Y. The formation of immune complexes is involved in the acute phase of periodontal destruction in rats. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:455-62. [PMID: 22283745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Loss of clinical attachment and alveolar bone destruction are major symptoms of periodontitis, caused by not only the destructive effect of periodontopathic bacteria but also the overactive response of the host immune system against periodontal pathogens. The details of the participation of the immune system in the onset and progression of periodontitis are unclear. In this study, we attempted to determine whether the host immune system, and in particular the formation of immune complexes, is involved in the periodontal destruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS We applied ovalbumin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as antigens and their specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies purified from rat serum to rat gingival sulcus alternately. Loss of attachment, alveolar bone destruction and the numbers of inflammatory cells infiltrating the periodontal tissue and osteoclasts on the alveolar bone surface were investigated histometrically. The formation of immune complex was confirmed by immunohistological staining of complement C1qB. RESULTS Loss of attachment and the presence of C1qB were observed histopathologically in both experimental groups. The group that had been treated with LPS and anti-LPS IgG showed greater loss of attachment. The number of inflammatory cells in the periodontal tissue was increased in both experimental groups, while osteoclasts at the alveolar bone crest were observed only in the group that had been treated with LPS and anti-LPS IgG. CONCLUSION In the present study, we showed that the formation of immune complex appears to be involved in the acute phase of periodontal destruction and that the biological activity of antigens is also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kuramoto
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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20
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Assessment of lipopolysaccharide microleakage at conical implant-abutment connections. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1377-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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21
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Ha J, Lee Y, Kim HH. CXCL2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-primed precursors. Cytokine 2011; 55:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Yokoyama M, Ukai T, Ayon Haro ER, Kishimoto T, Yoshinaga Y, Hara Y. Membrane-bound CD40 ligand on T cells from mice injected with lipopolysaccharide accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:464-74. [PMID: 21521224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Yokoyama
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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23
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Ayon Haro ER, Ukai T, Yokoyama M, Kishimoto T, Yoshinaga Y, Hara Y. Locally administered interferon-γ accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis independent of immunohistological RANKL upregulation. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:361-73. [PMID: 21361961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) potently inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In contrast, previous studies have shown that an increase in IFN-γ expression is correlated with an increase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss in vivo. However, it is not clear whether local IFN-γ accelerates osteoclastogenesis or not in vivo. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the role of local IFN-γ in LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We induced bone loss in calvaria by injecting LPS. One group of mice received an IFN-γ injection together with LPS injection, while another group received IFN-γ 2 d after LPS injection. Bone resorption was observed histologically. Next, we stimulated murine bone marrow macrophages with macrophage-colony stimulating factor and RANKL in vitro. We added different doses of IFN-γ and/or LPS at 0 or 48 h time points. Cells were stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase at 72 h. RESULTS Local administration of IFN-γ together with LPS injection did not affect osteoclast formation. However, IFN-γ injected after LPS injection accelerated osteoclast formation. Also, we confirmed that IFN-γ added at 0 h inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. However, inhibition by IFN-γ added at 48 h was reduced compared with that by IFN-γ added at 0 h. Interestingly, IFN-γ together with a low concentration of LPS accelerated osteoclast formation when both were added at 48 h compared with no addition of IFN-γ. CONCLUSION The results suggest that local IFN-γ accelerates osteoclastogenesis in certain conditions of LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Ayon Haro
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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24
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Anti-inflammatory effect of MAPK phosphatase-1 local gene transfer in inflammatory bone loss. Gene Ther 2010; 18:344-53. [PMID: 21068780 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone loss associated with periodontal diseases is the result of osteoclastogenesis induced by bacterial pathogens. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) is a critical negative regulator of immune response as a key phosphatase capable of dephosphorylating activated MAPKs. In this study, rat macrophages transduced with recombinant adenovirus (Ad.)MKP-1 specifically dephosphorylated activated MAPKs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with control cells. Bone marrow macrophages from MKP-1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited higher interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and select chemokine compared with wild-type (WT) mice when stimulated by LPS. In addition, bone marrow cultures from MKP-1 KO mice exhibited significantly more osteoclastogenesis induced by LPS than when compared with WT mice. Importantly, MKP-1 gene transfer in bone marrow cells of MKP-1 KO mice significantly decreased IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and chemokine levels, and formed fewer osteoclasts induced by LPS than compared with control group of cells. Furthermore, MKP-1 gene transfer in an experimental periodontal disease model attenuated bone resorption induced by LPS. Histological analysis confirmed that periodontal tissues transduced with Ad. MKP-1 exhibited less infiltrated inflammatory cells, less osteoclasts and less IL-6 than compared with rats of control groups. These studies indicate that MKP-1 is a key therapeutic target to control of inflammation-induced bone loss.
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25
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Grimm G, Vila G, Bieglmayer C, Riedl M, Luger A, Clodi M. Changes in osteopontin and in biomarkers of bone turnover during human endotoxemia. Bone 2010; 47:388-91. [PMID: 20420943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.04.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic infection and inflammation in men are associated with bone loss. Rodent studies have elucidated the pathways mediating the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), activated immune cells and hormones on bone. Here we investigate the changes in biochemical parameters of bone turnover following human endotoxemia, an experimental model of self-limiting systemic infection and inflammation. Ten healthy men received in a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial once placebo and once 2 ng/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS). During the following 6 h we monitored parathyoid hormone (PTH) and osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein related to bone pathophysiology, as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover: C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) and osteocalcin (OC). In LPS sessions there was a transient fall in PTH at 3 h (p=0.009) and a nearly two-fold increase in OPN levels after 6 h (LPS: 155+/-19 pg/ml; placebo: 85+/-13 pg/ml, p<0.001). LPS gradually reduced CTX levels (LPS: 0.44+/-0.4 pg/ml; placebo: 0.59+/-0.06 pg/ml, p=0.003), P1NP showed a peak at 4 h (LPS: 89.9+/-14.7 pg/ml; placebo: 75+/-9.7 pg/ml, p=0.028) and circulating OC did not change. The early human response to systemic endotoxemia boosts osteopontin levels and modifies bone biomarkers, indicating a decrease in the lytic activity of osteoclasts, accompanied by an increase in the activity of immature osteoblasts. These changes might present the acute phase response of immune and bone cells to bacterial stimuli in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Grimm
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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26
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Suzuki AMM, Yoshimura A, Ozaki Y, Kaneko T, Hara Y. Cyclosporin A and phenytoin modulate inflammatory responses. J Dent Res 2009; 88:1131-6. [PMID: 19897783 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509350566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival overgrowth is a common side-effect of administration of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A and the anti-epileptic drug phenytoin. While cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth is often accompanied by gingival inflammation, phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth usually forms fibrotic lesions. To determine whether these drugs alter the inflammatory responses of gingival fibroblasts, we investigated the effects of cyclosporin and phenytoin on Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated responses to microbial components. In Chinese hamster ovary reporter cell lines, cyclosporin alone triggered signaling, whereas phenytoin down-regulated signaling induced by the TLR2 or TLR4 ligand. In human gingival fibroblasts, cyclosporin alone did not induce evident inflammatory responses, but augmented the expression of CD54 and the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 induced by TLR ligands, whereas phenytoin attenuated those responses. Cyclosporin also augmented CD54 expression in gingiva of mice injected with lipopolysaccharide. These results indicated that cyclosporin positively and phenytoin negatively modulated inflammatory responses of human gingival fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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