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Schmidt FN, Delsmann J, Yazigi B, Beil FT, Amling M, Oheim R. Approaching virtual osteoid volume estimation and in-depth tissue characterization in patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:116-129. [PMID: 38477742 PMCID: PMC11240151 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) poses a significant diagnostic challenge, leading to increased disease duration and patient burden also by missing clinical suspicion. Today, diagnosis of osteomalacia relies on invasive iliac crest biopsy, if needed. Therefore, a noninvasive method would be beneficial for patients with severe osteomalacia, such as TIO, to inform their clinical management and address specific needs, like estimating the regeneration capacity at high osteoid volumes (OVs) or the potential of a hungry bone syndrome after tumor removal. Furthermore, given the lack of comprehensive histological characterization of TIO, there is a need for additional tissue characterization. Therefore, our assessment encompassed iliac crest biopsies that were examined using quantitative electron backscattered microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, micro-computed tomography, and histology to analyze the biopsy tissue. Our clinical assessment encompassed DXA and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) alongside with biochemical analyses and clinical evaluations. Combining imaging and clinical data, we established a model to predict the OV. We compared 9 TIO patients with 10 osteoporosis (OPO) patients and 10 healthy controls. Histological analyses confirmed a pronounced OV in TIO patients (OPO: 1.20% ± 1.23% vs TIO: 23.55% ± 12.23%, P < .0005), and spectroscopy revealed lower phosphate levels in TIO biopsies. By combining HR-pQCT and laboratory diagnostics, we developed a linear regression model to noninvasively predict the OV revealing significantly higher modeled OV/BVmodel values of 24.46% ± 14.22% for TIO compared to the control group (5.952% ± 3.44%, P ≤ .001). By combining laboratory diagnostics, namely, ALP and Tt.BMDRadius measured by HR-pQCT, we achieved the calculation of the virtual osteoid volume to bone volume ratio (OV/BVmodel) with a significant correlation to histology as well as reliable identification of TIO patients compared to OPO and control. This novel approach is potentially helpful for predicting OV by noninvasive techniques in diagnostic procedures and improving the clinical management of TIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Delsmann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bashar Yazigi
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Timo Beil
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Huo M, He S, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Liu M, Zhou G, Zhou P, Lu J. Mechano-driven intervertebral bone bridging via oriented mechanical stimulus in a twist metamaterial cage: An in silico study. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108149. [PMID: 38401455 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Stiffer cages provide sufficient mechanical support but fail to promote bone ingrowth due to stress shielding. It remains challenging for fusion cage to satisfy both bone bridging and mechanical stability. Here we designed a fusion cage based on twist metamaterial for improved bone ingrowth, and proved its superiority to the conventional diagonal-based cage in silico. The fusion process was numerically reproduced via an injury-induced osteogenesis model and the mechano-driven bone remodeling algorithm, and the outcomes fusion effects were evaluated by the morphological features of the newly-formed bone and the biomechanical behaviors of the bone-cage composite. The twist-based cages exhibited oriented bone formation in the depth direction, in comparison to the diagonal-based cages. The axial stiffness of the bone-cage composites with twist-based cages was notably higher than that with diagonal-based cages; meanwhile, the ranges of motion of the twist-based fusion segment were lower. It was concluded that the twist metamaterial cages led to oriented bone ingrowth, superior mechanical stability of the bone-cage composite, and less detrimental impacts on the adjacent bones. More generally, metamaterials with a tunable displacement mode of struts might provide more design freedom in implant designs to offer customized mechanical stimulus for osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxing Liu
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China; Wuhan Mindray Scientific Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangquan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Reiner E, Weston F, Pleshko N, Querido W. Application of Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) Spectroscopy for Assessment of Bone Composition at the Submicron Scale. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:1311-1324. [PMID: 37774686 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231201427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of bone structure and strength is mineralized collagen fibrils at the submicron scale (∼500 nm). Recent advances in optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy allow the investigation of bone composition with unprecedented submicron spatial resolution, which may provide new insights into factors contributing to underlying bone function. Here, we investigated (i) whether O-PTIR-derived spectral parameters correlated to standard attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectral data and (ii) whether O-PTIR-derived spectral parameters, including heterogeneity of tissue, contribute to the prediction of proximal femoral bone stiffness. Analysis of serially demineralized bone powders showed a significant correlation (r = 0.96) between mineral content quantified using ATR and O-PTIR spectroscopy, indicating the validity of this technique in assessing bone mineralization. Using femoral neck sections, the principal component analysis showed that differences between O-PTIR and ATR spectra were primarily attributable to the phosphate ion (PO4) absorbance band, which was typically shifter toward higher wavenumbers in O-PTIR spectra. Additionally, significant correlations were found between hydrogen phosphate (HPO4) content (r = 0.75) and carbonate (CO3) content (r = 0.66) quantified using ATR and O-PTIR spectroscopy, strengthening the validity of this method to assess bone mineral composition. O-PTIR imaging of individual trabeculae at 500 nm pixel resolution illustrated differences in submicron composition in the femoral neck from bones with different stiffness. O-PTIR analysis showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.71) between bone stiffness and mineral maturity, reflective of newly formed bone being an important contributor to bone function. Finally, partial least squares regression analysis showed that combining multiple O-PTIR parameters (HPO4 content and heterogeneity, collagen integrity, and CO3 content) could significantly predict proximal femoral stiffness (R2 = 0.74, error = 9.7%) more accurately than using ATR parameters. Additionally, we describe new findings in the effects of bone tissue orientation in the O-PTIR spectra. Overall, this study highlights a new application of O-PTIR spectroscopy that may provide new insights into molecular-level factors underlying bone mechanical competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Reiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Weston
- Photothermal Spectroscopy Corporation, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ribeiro MEA, Huaman NRC, Folly MM, Gomez JGC, Sánchez Rodríguez RJ. A potential hybrid nanocomposite of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and fullerene for bone tissue regeneration and sustained drug release against bone infections. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126531. [PMID: 37634778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Developing a multifunctional biomaterial for bone filling and local antibiotic therapy is a complex challenge for bone tissue engineering. Hybrid nanocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), fullerene (C60), and vancomycin (VC) were produced by injection. Fullerene was successfully impregnated with VC, as seen in FTIR. The crystallinity degree of PHBHV was slightly reduced in the presence of C60 and VC (64.3 versus 60.8 %), due to the plasticizing effect of these particles. It also resulted in a decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg), observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Dense PHBHV/nHA/C60/VC had a flexural elastic modulus 29 % higher than PHBHV, as a result of the good interface between PHBHV, C60, and nHA - particles of high elastic modulus. Dense disks released 25.03 ± 4.27 % of VC for 14 days, which demonstrated its potential to be an alternative treatment to bone infections. Porous scaffolds of PHBHV/nHA/C60/VC were 3D printed with a porosity of 50 % and porous size of 467 ± 70 μm, and had compression elastic modulus of 0.022 GPa, being a promising material to trabecular bone replacement. The plasticizing effect of C60 improved the printability of the material. The hybrid nanocomposite was non-cytotoxic and showed good ability in adhering macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Araújo Ribeiro
- Advanced Materials Laboratory - LAMAV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28015-620 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcio Manhães Folly
- Animal Health Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rubén J Sánchez Rodríguez
- Advanced Materials Laboratory - LAMAV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28015-620 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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Biomechanical properties and clinical significance of cancellous bone in proximal femur: A review. Injury 2023:S0020-1383(23)00251-6. [PMID: 36922271 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Trabecular bone plays an important role in the load-bearing capacity of the femur. Understanding the structural characteristics, biomechanics, and mechanical conduction of the trabecular bone is of great value in studying the mechanism of fractures and formulating surgical plans. The past decade has witnessed unprecedented progress in imaging, biomechanics and finite element analysis techniques, translating into a better understanding of trabecular bone. This article reviews the research progress achieved over the years regarding femoral trabecular bone, especially on factors influencing the strength of the proximal femoral cancellous bone and cancellous bone microfractures and provides a comprehensive overview of the latest findings on proximal femoral trabecular bone and their clinical significance.
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Clausing RJ, Stiller A, Kuhn F, Fonseca Ulloa CA, Fölsch C, Kampschulte M, Krombach GA, Rickert M, Jahnke A. Measuring Young's modulus of single trabeculae in cancellous bone using a two-point bending test. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 102:105875. [PMID: 36634601 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND Surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures poses a major challenge, especially in osteoporotic bone. At present, there appears to exist neither a suitable model for research to optimize the osteosynthesis processes nor are the structural data available which are required for developing such a model. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the microscopic morphology and Young's modulus of cancellous bone from human humeral heads considering osteoporotic changes. METHODS Cylindrical samples were taken from ten fresh-frozen human humeral heads and structural analysis was done with μCT. Ten rod-like trabeculae were prepared from five of the humeral heads each which were measured and tested mechanically. For this purpose, the trabeculae were fixed on a slide and rotated axially under a stereo microscope. The sample cross-section and the depending moment of inertia were extracted from the image data. The samples were then loaded in a 2-point bending test and Young's moduli of the samples were determined. RESULTS It could be shown that with increasing age of the donor, ossified portion of the cancellous bone decreased (p < 0.05). The average degree of mineralization of the bone was 1.24 (±0.06) g/mm3, which decreased with increasing age (p < 0.05). The determined Young's modulus averaged 1.33 (±1.76) GPa. INTERPRETATION The verified structural parameter showed osteoporotic changes in the examined bone. This study for the first time determined Young's modulus of single trabeculae of cancellous bone of osteoporotically altered human humeral heads. Implementing the non-destructive sample measurement before exposure resulted in a methodical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Johannes Clausing
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Stiller
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Kuhn
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Alfonso Fonseca Ulloa
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Fölsch
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Klinikstraße 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Klinikstraße 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabriele A Krombach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Klinikstraße 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Rickert
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Klinikstraße 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Jahnke
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Ribeiro MEA, Checca Huaman NR, Gomez JGC, Rodríguez RJS. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and amino-functionalized nanodiamond bionanocomposites for bone tissue defect repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1041-1053. [PMID: 36435460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Injection-molded nanocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) with 6 % of 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) and amino-nanodiamonds (nD-A) were produced and characterized to investigate the effect of functionalized nanodiamonds on mechanical and biological behavior to bone replacement application. To prepare mixtures of PHBHV and nD-A in different concentrations, nD-A was dispersed in chloroform by sonication with 40 % of amplitude. Three specimens were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (DRX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 3-point flexural tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR and TGA evidenced the existence of interactions between the nD-A and PHBHV. The crystallinity degree of PHBHV slightly reduced (~9 %) in nanocomposites and the morphology of the crystals changed. Nanocomposites achieved satisfactory dispersion and distribution of nD-A for low concentrations. Elastic modulus (E) increased from 1.96 ± 0.20 (PHBHV) to 2.59 ± 0.19 GPa (PHBHV/1.0%nD-A) (30 %). Despite the relatively limited dispersion, PHBHV/2.0 % nD-A had the best combination of E, strength, and maximum deformation. It had the highest glass transition temperature (43.1 vs 40.3 °C of PHBHV) and the best adhesion coefficient and reinforcement effectiveness. PHBHV-nD-A did not induce toxicity in 7 days and allowed cell fixation and expansion. These bionanocomposites should be considered for supplementary studies for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Araújo Ribeiro
- Advanced Materials Laboratory-LAMAV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28015-620 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Noemi Raquel Checca Huaman
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas-CBPF, R. Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rubén J Sánchez Rodríguez
- Advanced Materials Laboratory-LAMAV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28015-620 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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Allahyari P, Silani M, Yaghoubi V, Milovanovic P, Schmidt FN, Busse B, Qwamizadeh M. On the fracture behavior of cortical bone microstructure: The effects of morphology and material characteristics of bone structural components. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 137:105530. [PMID: 36334581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bone encompasses a complex arrangement of materials at different length scales, which endows it with a range of mechanical, chemical, and biological capabilities. Changes in the microstructure and characteristics of the material, as well as the accumulation of microcracks, affect the bone fracture properties. In this study, two-dimensional finite element models of the microstructure of cortical bone were considered. The eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) developed by Abaqus software was used for the analysis of the microcrack propagation in the model as well as for local sensitivity analysis. The stress-strain behavior obtained for the different introduced models was substantially different, confirming the importance of bone tissue microstructure for its failure behavior. Considering the role of interfaces, the results highlighted the effect of cement lines on the crack deflection path and global fracture behavior of the bone microstructure. Furthermore, bone micromorphology and areal fraction of cortical bone tissue components such as osteons, cement lines, and pores affected the bone fracture behavior; specifically, pores altered the crack propagation path since increasing porosity reduced the maximum stress needed to start crack propagation. Therefore, cement line structure, mineralization, and areal fraction are important parameters in bone fracture. The parameter-wise sensitivity analysis demonstrated that areal fraction and strain energy release rate had the greatest and the lowest effect on ultimate strength, respectively. Furthermore, the component-wise sensitivity analysis revealed that for the areal fraction parameter, pores had the greatest effect on ultimate strength, whereas for the other parameters such as elastic modulus and strain energy release rate, cement lines had the most important effect on the ultimate strength. In conclusion, the finding of the current study can help to predict the fracture mechanisms in bone by taking the morphological and material properties of its microstructure into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Allahyari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M Silani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - V Yaghoubi
- Structural Integrity & Composites, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS, Delft, Netherlands
| | - P Milovanovic
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - F N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529, Hamburg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529, Hamburg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Qwamizadeh
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529, Hamburg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529, Hamburg, Germany.
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Wölfel EM, Lademann F, Hemmatian H, Blouin S, Messmer P, Hofbauer LC, Busse B, Rauner M, Jähn-Rickert K, Tsourdi E. Reduced Bone Mass and Increased Osteocyte Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) Activity, But Not Low Mineralized Matrix Around Osteocyte Lacunae, Are Restored After Recovery From Exogenous Hyperthyroidism in Male Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:131-143. [PMID: 36331133 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism causes secondary osteoporosis through favoring bone resorption over bone formation, leading to bone loss with elevated bone fragility. Osteocytes that reside within lacunae inside the mineralized bone matrix orchestrate the process of bone remodeling and can themselves actively resorb bone upon certain stimuli. Nevertheless, the interaction between thyroid hormones and osteocytes and the impact of hyperthyroidism on osteocyte cell function are still unknown. In a preliminary study, we analyzed bones from male C57BL/6 mice with drug-induced hyperthyroidism, which led to mild osteocytic osteolysis with 1.14-fold larger osteocyte lacunae and by 108.33% higher tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in osteocytes of hyperthyroid mice compared to euthyroid mice. To test whether hyperthyroidism-induced bone changes are reversible, we rendered male mice hyperthyroid by adding levothyroxine into their drinking water for 4 weeks, followed by a weaning period of 4 weeks with access to normal drinking water. Hyperthyroid mice displayed cortical and trabecular bone loss due to high bone turnover, which recovered with weaning. Although canalicular number and osteocyte lacunar area were similar in euthyroid, hyperthyroid and weaned mice, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive osteocytes was 100% lower in the weaning group compared to euthyroid mice and the osteocytic TRAP activity was eightfold higher in hyperthyroid animals. The latter, along with a 3.75% lower average mineralization around the osteocyte lacunae in trabecular bone, suggests osteocytic osteolysis activity that, however, did not result in significantly enlarged osteocyte lacunae. In conclusion, we show a recovery of bone microarchitecture and turnover after reversal of hyperthyroidism to a euthyroid state. In contrast, osteocytic osteolysis was initiated in hyperthyroidism, but its effects were not reversed after 4 weeks of weaning. Due to the vast number of osteocytes in bone, we speculate that even minor individual cell functions might contribute to altered bone quality and mineral homeostasis in the setting of hyperthyroidism-induced bone disease. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Wölfel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Lademann
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haniyeh Hemmatian
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Phaedra Messmer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Jähn-Rickert
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Tsourdi
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Qian W, Schmidt R, Turner JA, Bare SP, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Akhter MP. A pilot study on the nanoscale properties of bone tissue near lacunae in fracturing women. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101604. [PMID: 35874169 PMCID: PMC9304727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the causes of osteoporosis-related skeletal fragility in postmenopausal women. We hypothesize that bone fragility in these individuals is largely due to mineral, and/or intrinsic material properties in the osteocyte lacunar/peri-lacunar regions of bone tissue. Innovative measurements with nanoscale resolution, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), an atomic force microscope that is integrated with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), and nanoindentation, were used to characterize osteocyte lacunar and peri-lacunar properties in bone biopsies from fracturing (Cases) and matched (Age, BMD), non-fracturing (Controls) postmenopausal healthy women. In the peri-lacunar space, the nanoindentation results show that the modulus and hardness of the Controls are lower than the Cases. The AFM-IR results conclusively show that the mineral matrix, maturity (peak) (except in outer/far regions in Controls) were greater in Controls than in Cases. Furthermore, these results indicate that while mineral-to-matrix area ratio tend to be greater, the mineral maturity and crystallinity peak ratio "near" lacunae is greater than at regions "far" or more distance from lacunae in the Controls only. Due to the heterogeneity of bone structure, additional measurements are needed to provide more convincing evidence of altered lacunar characteristics and changes in the peri-lacunar bone as mechanisms related to postmenopausal women and fragility. Such findings would motivate new osteocyte-targeted treatments to reduce fragility fracture risks in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, United States of America
| | - Roman Schmidt
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Turner
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, United States of America
| | - Sue P. Bare
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
| | - Mohammed P. Akhter
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
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11
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Liu J, Watanabe K, Dabdoub SM, Lee BS, Kim DG. Site-specific characteristics of bone and progenitor cells in control and ovariectomized rats. Bone 2022; 163:116501. [PMID: 35872108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One-third of postmenopausal women experience at least one osteoporotic bone fracture in their lifetime that occurs spontaneously or from low-impact events. However, osteoporosis-associated jaw bone fractures are extremely rare. It was also observed that jaw bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have a higher capacity to form mineralized tissues than limb BMSCs. At present, the underlying causes and mechanisms of variations between jaw bone and limb bone during postmenopause are largely unknown. Thus, the objective of the current study was to examine the site-specific effects of estrogen deficiency using comprehensive analysis of bone quantity and quality, and its association with characterization of cellular components of bone. Nine rats (female, 6 months old) for each bilateral sham and ovariectomy (OVX) surgery were obtained and maintained for 2 months after surgery. A hemi-mandible and a femur from each rat were characterized for parameters of volume, mineral density, cortical and trabecular morphology, and static and dynamic mechanical analysis. Another set of 5 rats (female, 9 months old) was obtained for assays of BMSCs. Following cytometry to identify BMSCs, bioassays for proliferation, and osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic differentiation, and cell mitochondrial stress tests were performed. In addition, mRNA expression of BMSCs was analyzed. OVX decreased bone quantity and quality (mineral content, morphology, and energy dissipation) of femur while those of mandible were not influenced. Cellular assays demonstrated that mandible BMSCs showed greater differentiation than femur BMSCs. Gene ontology pathway analysis indicated that the mandibular BMSCs showed most significant differential expression of genes in the regulatory pathways of osteoblast differentiation, SMAD signaling, cartilage development, and glucose transmembrane transporter activity. These findings suggested that active mandibular BMSCs maintain bone formation and mineralization by balancing the rapid bone resorption caused by estrogen deficiency. These characteristics likely help reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal jawbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Keiichiro Watanabe
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shareef M Dabdoub
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Beth S Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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12
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van Leeuwen T, Schneider MTY, van Lenthe GH, Vereecke EE. The effect of different grasping types on strain distributions in the trapezium of bonobos (Pan paniscus). J Biomech 2022; 144:111284. [PMID: 36174384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thumb has played a key role in primate evolution due to its involvement in grasping and manipulation. A large component of this wide functionality is by virtue of the uniquely shaped trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint. This TMC joint allows for a broad range of functional positions, but how its bone structure is adapted to withstand such a large variety of loading regimes is poorly understood. Here, we outline a novel, integrated finite element - micro finite element (FE-µFE) workflow to analyse strain distributions across the internal bony architecture. We have applied this modelling approach to study functional adaptation in the bonobo thumb. More specifically, the approach allows us to evaluate how strain is distributed through the trapezium upon loading of its distal articular facet. As loading conditions, we use pressure distributions for different types of grasping that were estimated in a previous study. Model evaluation shows that the simulated strain values fall within realistic boundaries of the mechanical response of bone. The results show that the strain distributions between the simulated grasps are highly similar, with dissipation towards the proximo-ulnar cluster of trabeculae regardless of trapezial bone architecture. This study presents an innovative FE-µFE approach to simulating strain distributions, and yields insight in the functional adaptation of the TMC joint in bonobos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo van Leeuwen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium; Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marco T Y Schneider
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Evie E Vereecke
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
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13
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Kuhn F, Clausing RJ, Stiller A, Fonseca Ulloa CA, Foelsch C, Rickert M, Jahnke A. Determination of E-modulus of cancellous bone derived from human humeri and validation of plotted single trabeculae: Development of a standardized humerus bone model. J Orthop 2022; 33:48-54. [PMID: 35855729 PMCID: PMC9287625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of the mechanical behavior of the microstructure of cancellous bone seems important for the understanding of the mechanical behavior of bone. Prevention and treatment of fragility fractures due to osteoporosis is a major challenge according to ageing population. A bone model might help to assess fracture risk. Measurement of single trabeculae of bone should give further information compared with bone densitometry alone. This study measures the mechanical properties of single cancellous trabeculae derived from human proximal humerus. Methods 34 single trabeculae dissected from human humeral heads were measured and evaluated mechanically. Trabeculae were fixed on microscope slides and geometrical data were reported during axial rotation of the specimens to measure the transverse section using computer aided design (CAD). The samples were subjected to a two-point bending test and were loaded with a measure-stamp at a defined distance. Force and deflection were measured by high-resolution sensors. The E-modulus was then calculated in combination with finite elements method simulation (FEM), using the previously obtained CAD-Data. Results The average E-modulus from 34 valid measurements of human humeral trabeculae was 1678 MPa with a range from 829 to 3396 MPa, which is consistent with existing literature. The planned additional validation of the measurement method using manufactured three-dimensional synthetic trabeculae with known mechanical properties showed an average elastic modulus of single trabeculae of 51.5 MPa, being two dimensions lower than the value reported in the datasheet of the plastic. Conclusion This newly developed, time and cost-efficient procedure allows the measurement of E-modulus in single trabeculae. Measurement of mechanic parameters of single trabeculae might give insights on mechanic behavior of bone and be relevant for the research of systemic bone diseases, complementing the existing data on bone-mineral-density. Further examination of single trabeculae of human cancellous bone should give an insight on the mechanical behavior of bone also considering systemic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kuhn
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rasmus Johannes Clausing
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Stiller
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Alfonso Fonseca Ulloa
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Foelsch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Klinikstraße 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Rickert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Klinikstraße 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Jahnke
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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14
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Yamada S, Fukasawa K, Suzuki Y, Takahashi Y, Todoh M, Tadano S. The role of geometrical features of the microarchitecture in the cancellous stiffness of the bovine femoral bone. Med Eng Phys 2022; 105:103823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Allison H, O'Sullivan L, McNamara L. Temporal changes in cortical microporosity during estrogen deficiency associated with perilacunar resorption and osteocyte apoptosis: A pilot study. Bone Rep 2022; 16:101590. [PMID: 35663377 PMCID: PMC9156983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes can actively regulate bone microporosity, through either perilacunar resorption or micropetrosis following apoptosis. Osteocyte apoptosis is more prevalent in estrogen deficiency and changes in the lacunar-canalicular network of osteocytes have been reported. Temporal changes in bone mineralisation and osteocytes cellular strains occur, which might be associated with osteocyte-driven microporosity changes, although time dependant changes in bone microporosity are not yet fully understood. In this pilot study we conducted micro-CT analysis, backscatter electron imaging and histological analysis of femoral cortical bone form an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis to investigate whether estrogen deficiency causes temporal changes in lacunar and vascular porosity. We also assessed MMP14 expression, lacunar occupancy and mineral infilling, as indicators of perilacunar resorption and micropetrosis. We report temporal changes in cortical microporosity in estrogen deficiency. Specifically, canalicular and vascular porosity initially increased (4 weeks post-OVX), coinciding with the period of rapid bone loss, whereas in the longer term (14 weeks post-OVX) lacunar and canalicular diameter decreased. Interestingly, these changes coincided with an increased prevalence of empty lacunae and osteocyte lacunae were observed to be more circular with a mineralised border around the lacunar space. In addition we report an increase in MMP14+ osteocytes, which also suggests active matrix degradation by these cells. Together these results provide an insight into the temporal changes in cortical microporosity during estrogen deficiency and suggest the likelihood of occurrence of both perilacunar resorption and osteocyte apoptosis leading to micropetrosis. We propose that microporosity changes arise due to processes driven by distinct populations of osteocytes, which are either actively resorbing their matrix or have undergone apoptosis and are infilling lacunae by micropetrosis.
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Key Words
- BMDD, Bone mineral density distribution
- BSEM
- BSEM, Backscattered scanning electron microscopy
- BV, Bone volume
- Dm, Diameter
- Estrogen deficiency
- Lacunar
- Lc, Lacunar
- MMP, Matrix metalloproteases
- Micro-CT, Micro computed tomography
- Microporosity
- OVX, Ovariectomized
- PLR, Perilacunar resorption
- Sp, spacing
- TRAP, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- TV, Total volume
- Tb, Trabecular
- Th, Thickness
- V Ca, Vascular canal
- Vascular canals
- micro-CT
- με, Microstrain (ε ×10−6)
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Allison
- Mechanobiology and Medical Devices Research Group (MMDRG), Centre for Biomechanics Research (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - L.M. O'Sullivan
- Mechanobiology and Medical Devices Research Group (MMDRG), Centre for Biomechanics Research (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - L.M. McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Devices Research Group (MMDRG), Centre for Biomechanics Research (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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16
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Sang W, Li Y, Guignon J, Liu XS, Ural A. Structural role of osteocyte lacunae on mechanical properties of bone matrix: A cohesive finite element study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 125:104943. [PMID: 34736032 PMCID: PMC8670554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive studies on biological function of osteocytes, there are limited studies that evaluated the structural role of osteocyte lacunae on local mechanical properties of the bone matrix. As a result, the goal of this study was to elucidate the independent contribution of osteocyte lacunae structure on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of the bone matrix uncoupled from its biological effects and bone tissue composition variation. This study combined cohesive finite element modeling with experimental data from a lactation rat model to evaluate the influence of osteocyte lacunar area porosity, density, size, axis ratio, and orientation on the elastic modulus, ultimate strength, and ultimate strain of the bone matrix as well as on local crack formation and propagation. It also performed a parametric study to isolate the influence of a single osteocyte lacunae structural property on the mechanical properties of the bone matrix. The experimental measurements demonstrated statistically significant differences in lacunar size between ovariectomized rats with lactation history and virgin groups (both ovariectomized and intact) and in axis ratio between rats with lactation history and virgins. There were no differences in mechanical properties between virgin and lactation groups as determined by the finite element simulations. However, there were statistically significant linear relationships between the physiological range of osteocyte lacunar area porosity, density, size, and orientation and the elastic modulus and ultimate strength of the bone matrix in virgin and lactation rats. The parametric study also revealed similar but stronger relationships between elastic modulus and ultimate strength and lacunar density, size, and orientation. The simulations also demonstrated that the osteocyte lacunae guided the crack propagation through local stress concentrations. In summary, this study enhanced the limited knowledge on the structural role of osteocyte lacunae on local mechanical properties of the bone matrix. These data are important in gaining a better understanding of the mechanical implications of the local modifications due to osteocytes in the bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Yihan Li
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 332A Stemmler Hall, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jane Guignon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - X Sherry Liu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 332A Stemmler Hall, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ani Ural
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA, USA.
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17
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Li Y, Liem Y, Dall'Ara E, Sullivan N, Ahmed H, Blom A, Sharif M. Subchondral bone microarchitecture and mineral density in human osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: A regional and compartmental analysis. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2568-2580. [PMID: 33751647 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) are historically considered to be inversely correlated but there may be an overlap between the pathophysiology of the two diseases. This study aimed to investigate the subchondral bone microarchitecture and matrix mineralization, and the association between them in OA and OP in relation to the degree of cartilage degeneration. Fifty-six osteochondral plugs were collected from 16 OA femoral heads. They were graded on a regional basis according to the stages of cartilage degeneration, as evaluated by a new macroscopic and a modified microscopic grading system. Twenty-one plugs were collected from seven femoral heads with OP. Plugs were scanned by microcomputed tomography and the microarchitectural and mineral properties were obtained for both subchondral plate and trabecular bone. Microarchitecture and material and apparent densities of subchondral bone in OP were similar to regions with early cartilage degeneration but different from regions with advanced cartilage degradation in OA femoral heads. Subchondral trabecular bone was more mineralized than subchondral plate in both OP and OA, and this compartmental difference varied by severity of cartilage degradation. Furthermore, the relationship among trabecular bone volume fraction, tissue mineral density, and apparent bone density was similar in OP and different stages of OA. Subchondral bone microarchitecture and mineral properties in OP are different from OA in a regionalized manner in relation to stages of cartilage degeneration. Both regional and compartmental differences at structural, material, and cellular levels need to be studied to understand the transition of OA subchondral bone from being osteoporotic to sclerotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yulia Liem
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Enrico Dall'Ara
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism and Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Niall Sullivan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mohammed Sharif
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postmenopausal osteoporosis reduces circulating estrogen levels, which leads to osteoclast resorption, bone loss, and fracture. This review addresses emerging evidence that osteoporosis is not simply a disease of bone loss but that mechanosensitive osteocytes that regulate both osteoclasts and osteoblasts are also impacted by estrogen deficiency. RECENT FINDINGS At the onset of estrogen deficiency, the osteocyte mechanical environment is altered, which coincides with temporal changes in bone tissue composition. The osteocyte microenvironment is also altered, apoptosis is more prevalent, and hypermineralization occurs. The mechanobiological responses of osteocytes are impaired under estrogen deficiency, which exacerbates osteocyte paracrine regulation of osteoclasts. Recent research reveals changes in osteocytes during estrogen deficiency that may play a critical role in the etiology of the disease. A paradigm change for osteoporosis therapy requires an advanced understanding of such changes to establish the efficacy of osteocyte-targeted therapies to inhibit resorption and secondary mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laoise M McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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19
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Foessl I, Bassett JHD, Bjørnerem Å, Busse B, Calado Â, Chavassieux P, Christou M, Douni E, Fiedler IAK, Fonseca JE, Hassler E, Högler W, Kague E, Karasik D, Khashayar P, Langdahl BL, Leitch VD, Lopes P, Markozannes G, McGuigan FEA, Medina-Gomez C, Ntzani E, Oei L, Ohlsson C, Szulc P, Tobias JH, Trajanoska K, Tuzun Ş, Valjevac A, van Rietbergen B, Williams GR, Zekic T, Rivadeneira F, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Bone Phenotyping Approaches in Human, Mice and Zebrafish - Expert Overview of the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE ("GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork"). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:720728. [PMID: 34925226 PMCID: PMC8672201 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.720728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE ("GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network") Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected animal models (mice and zebrafish) of health and disease. The goal is consolidation of knowledge and a map for future research. This expert paper provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art technologies to investigate bone properties in humans and animals - including their strengths and weaknesses. New research methodologies are outlined and future strategies are discussed to combine phenotypic with rapidly developing -omics data in order to advance musculoskeletal research and move towards "personalised medicine".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Foessl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrine Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J. H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Åshild Bjørnerem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Research Centre for Women’s Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ângelo Calado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Christou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Douni
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Imke A. K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eva Hassler
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Erika Kague
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bente L. Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Victoria D. Leitch
- Innovative Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Philippe Lopes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Center for Research Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ling Oei
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pawel Szulc
- INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan H. Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Şansın Tuzun
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Department, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amina Valjevac
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatjana Zekic
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrine Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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20
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Wu D, Joffre T, Mägi CÖ, Ferguson SJ, Persson C, Isaksson P. A combined experimental and numerical method to estimate the elastic modulus of single trabeculae. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104879. [PMID: 34736021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The elastic modulus at the single trabecular level is an important parameter for the understanding of the mechanical behavior of trabecular bone. Current methods are commonly limited by the irregular trabecular shape and the accuracy of displacement measurement. The aim of this study was to propose a method to estimate the trabecular modulus overcoming some of these limitations. For high-precision displacement measurements, in-situ compression within a synchrotron radiation based X-ray tomograph was used. Trabecular displacements were subsequently estimated by a global digital volume correlation algorithm, followed by high-resolution finite element analyses to account for the irregular geometry. The trabecular elastic moduli were then estimated by comparing the loads from the finite element analyses with those of the experiments. With this strategy, the average elastic modulus was estimated to 3.83 ± 0.54 GPa for three human trabeculae samples. Though limited by the sample size, the demonstrated method shows a potential to estimate the mechanical properties at the single trabecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Joffre
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden; Solid Mechanics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Caroline Öhman Mägi
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Persson
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Per Isaksson
- Solid Mechanics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
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21
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Estrogen depletion alters osteogenic differentiation and matrix production by osteoblasts in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112814. [PMID: 34492267 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the effects of estrogen deficiency are not restricted to osteoclasts and bone resorption, but that bone matrix composition is altered and osteoblasts exhibit an impaired response to mechanical stimulation. In this study, we test the hypothesis that estrogen depletion alters osteogenic differentiation and matrix production by mechanically stimulated osteoblasts in vitro. MC3T3-E1 cells were pre-treated with estrogen for 14 days, after which estrogen was withdrawn or inhibited with Fulvestrant up to 14 days. Fluid shear stress (FSS) was applied using an orbital shaker. Under estrogen depletion in static culture, osteogenic marker (ALP) and gene expression (Runx2) were decreased at 2 and after 7 days of estrogen depletion, respectively. In addition, up to 7 day the inhibition of the estrogen receptor significantly decreased fibronectin expression (FN1) under static conditions. Under estrogen depletion and daily mechanical stimulation, changes in expression of Runx2 occurred earlier (4 days) and by 14 days, changes in matrix production (Col1a1) were reported. We propose that changes in osteoblast differentiation and impaired matrix production during estrogen depletion may contribute to the altered quality of the bone and act as a contributing factor to increased bone fragility in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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22
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Henyš P, Vořechovský M, Kuchař M, Heinemann A, Kopal J, Ondruschka B, Hammer N. Bone mineral density modeling via random field: Normality, stationarity, sex and age dependence. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 210:106353. [PMID: 34500142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Capturing the population variability of bone properties is of paramount importance to biomedical engineering. The aim of the present paper is to describe variability and correlations in bone mineral density with a spatial random field inferred from routine computed tomography data. METHODS Random fields were simulated by transforming pairwise uncorrelated Gaussian random variables into correlated variables through the spectral decomposition of an age-detrended correlation matrix. The validity of the random field model was demonstrated in the spatiotemporal analysis of bone mineral density. The similarity between the computed tomography samples and those generated via random fields was analyzed with the energy distance metric. RESULTS The random field of bone mineral density was found to be approximately Gaussian/slightly left-skewed/strongly right-skewed at various locations. However, average bone density could be simulated well with the proposed Gaussian random field for which the energy distance, i.e., a measure that quantifies discrepancies between two distribution functions, is convergent with respect to the number of correlation eigenpairs. CONCLUSIONS The proposed random field model allows the enhancement of computational biomechanical models with variability in bone mineral density, which could increase the usability of the model and provides a step forward in in-silico medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Henyš
- Institute of New Technologies and Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentskí 1402/2, Liberec 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vořechovský
- Institute of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Veveří 331/95, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kuchař
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Axel Heinemann
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, Hamburg 22529, Germany
| | - Jiří Kopal
- Institute of New Technologies and Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentskí 1402/2, Liberec 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, Hamburg 22529, Germany
| | - Niels Hammer
- Department of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, Graz 8036, Austria; Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Nöthnitzer Straße 44, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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23
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Chiang PL, Tseng YC, Wu HJ, Tsao SH, Wu SP, Wang WC, Hsieh HI, Juang JY. Elastic Moduli of Avian Eggshell. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:989. [PMID: 34681088 PMCID: PMC8533214 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We analyze 700 freshly-laid eggs from 58 species (22 families and 13 orders) across three orders of magnitude in egg mass. We study the elastic moduli using three metrics: (i) effective Young's modulus, EFEM, by a combined experimental and numerical method; (ii) elastic modulus, Enano, by nanoindentation, and (iii) theoretical Young's modulus, Etheory. We measure the mineral content by acid-base titration, and crystallographic characteristics by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), on representative species. We find that the mineral content ranges between 83.1% (Zebra finch) and 96.5% (ostrich) and is positively correlated with EFEM-23.28 GPa (Zebra finch) and 47.76 GPa (ostrich). The EBSD shows that eggshell is anisotropic and non-homogeneous, and different species have different degrees of crystal orientation and texture. Ostrich eggshell exhibits strong texture in the thickness direction, whereas chicken eggshell has little. Such anisotropy and inhomogeneity are consistent with the nanoindentation tests. However, the crystal characteristics do not appear to correlate with EFEM, as EFEM represents an overall "average" elasticity of the entire shell. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical prediction of linear elasticity. Our comprehensive investigation into the elastic moduli of avian eggshell over broad taxonomic scales provides a useful dataset for those who work on avian reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lin Chiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-J.W.); (S.-H.T.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Yu-Chien Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-J.W.); (S.-H.T.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Hsiao-Jou Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-J.W.); (S.-H.T.); (S.-P.W.)
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-J.W.); (S.-H.T.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Shang-Ping Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-J.W.); (S.-H.T.); (S.-P.W.)
| | | | - Hsin-I Hsieh
- Taipei Zoo, Taipei 11656, Taiwan; (W.-C.W.); (H.-I.H.)
| | - Jia-Yang Juang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-J.W.); (S.-H.T.); (S.-P.W.)
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24
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Yu YE, Hu YJ, Zhou B, Wang J, Guo XE. Microstructure Determines Apparent-Level Mechanics Despite Tissue-Level Anisotropy and Heterogeneity of Individual Plates and Rods in Normal Human Trabecular Bone. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1796-1807. [PMID: 33989436 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Trabecular plates and rods determine apparent elastic modulus and yield strength of trabecular bone, serving as important indicators of bone's mechanical integrity in health and disease. Although trabecular bone's apparent-level mechanical properties have been widely reported, tissue mechanical properties of individual trabeculae have not been fully characterized. We systematically measured tissue mineral density (TMD)-dependent elastic modulus of individual trabeculae using microindentation and characterized its anisotropy as a function of trabecular type (plate or rod), trabecular orientation in the global coordinate (longitudinal, oblique, or transverse along the anatomic loading axis), and indentation direction along the local trabecular coordinate (axial or lateral). Human trabecular bone samples were scanned by micro-computed tomography for TMD and microstructural measurements. Individual trabecula segmentation was used to decompose trabecular network into individual trabeculae, where trabecular type and orientation were determined. We performed precise, selective indentation of trabeculae in each category using a custom-built, microscope-coupled microindentation device. Co-localization of TMD at each indentation site was performed to obtain TMD-to-modulus correlations. We found significantly higher TMD and tissue modulus in trabecular plates than rods. Regardless of trabecular type and orientation, axial tissue modulus was consistently higher than lateral tissue modulus, with ratios ranging from 1.13 to 1.41. Correlations between TMD and tissue modulus measured from axial and lateral indentations were strong but distinct: axial correlation predicted higher tissue modulus than lateral correlation at the same TMD level. To assess the contribution of experimentally measured anisotropic tissue properties of individual trabeculae to apparent-level mechanics, we constructed non-linear micro-finite element models using a new set of trabecular bone samples and compared model predictions to mechanical testing measurements. Heterogeneous anisotropic models accurately predicted apparent elastic modulus but were no better than a simple homogeneous isotropic model. Variances in tissue-level properties may therefore contribute nominally to apparent-level mechanics in normal human trabecular bone. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Eric Yu
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medical Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yizhong Jenny Hu
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ji Wang
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - X Edward Guo
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Lee YR, Findlay DM, Muratovic D, Kuliwaba JS. Greater heterogeneity of the bone mineralisation density distribution and low bone matrix mineralisation characterise tibial subchondral bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis patients. Bone 2021; 149:115979. [PMID: 33915332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tibial subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) identified by MRI have been recognised as potential disease predictors in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and may associate with abnormal bone matrix mineralisation and reduced bone quality. However, these tissue-level changes of BMLs have not been extensively investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the degree of subchondral bone matrix mineralisation (both plate and trabeculae) in relation to histomorphometric parameters of bone remodelling and osteocyte lacunae (OL) characteristics in the tibial plateau (TP) of KOA patients with and without BMLs (OA-BML and OA No-BML, respectively) in comparison to nonOA cadaveric controls (CTL). Osteochondral (cartilage-bone) tissue was sampled from the BML signal region within the medial compartment for each OA-BML TP, and from a corresponding medial region for OA No-BML and CTL TPs. The tissue samples were embedded in resin, and sections stained with Von-Kossa Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for quantitation of static indices of bone remodelling. Resin blocks were then further polished, and carbon-coated for quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) to determine the bone mineralisation density distribution (BMDD), as well as OL characteristics. It was found that OA-BML contained higher osteoid volume per tissue volume (OV/TV; %) and per bone volume (OV/BV; %) in both subchondral plate and trabecular bone compared to OA No-BML and CTL. The BMDD of OA-BML in both subchondral plate and trabecular bone was shifted toward a lower degree of mineralisation. Typically, an increase in both the heterogeneity of mineralisation density (Ca Width; wt%Ca) and the percentage of lower calcium (Ca Low; % B.Ar) in trabecular bone with OA-BML versus CTL was observed. Further, unmineralised OL density (#/mm2) in subchondral plate was distinctly higher in OA-BML samples compared to CTL. The KOA patients with and without BMLs had significantly decreased density of mineralised OL (#/mm2) in trabecular bone compared to CTL. Taken together, these findings indicate that tibial BMLs in advanced KOA patients are characterised by significantly hypo-mineralised subchondral bone compared with CTL. These differences associated with evidence of increased bone remodelling in OA-BML, and may influence the mechanical properties of the subchondral bone, with implications for the overlying cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Rin Lee
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - David M Findlay
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Dzenita Muratovic
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Julia S Kuliwaba
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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26
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Hartmann MA, Blouin S, Misof BM, Fratzl-Zelman N, Roschger P, Berzlanovich A, Gruber GM, Brugger PC, Zwerina J, Fratzl P. Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging of Bone Using a Thermionic or a Field Emission Electron Source. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:190-202. [PMID: 33837801 PMCID: PMC8273060 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative backscattered electron imaging is an established method to map mineral content distributions in bone and to determine the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD). The method we applied was initially validated for a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a tungsten hairpin cathode (thermionic electron emission) under strongly defined settings of SEM parameters. For several reasons, it would be interesting to migrate the technique to a SEM with a field emission electron source (FE-SEM), which, however, would require to work with different SEM parameter settings as have been validated for DSM 962. The FE-SEM has a much better spatial resolution based on an electron source size in the order of several 100 nanometers, corresponding to an about [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] times smaller source area compared to thermionic sources. In the present work, we compare BMDD between these two types of instruments in order to further validate the methodology. We show that a transition to higher pixel resolution (1.76, 0.88, and 0.57 μm) results in shifts of the BMDD peak and BMDD width to higher values. Further the inter-device reproducibility of the mean calcium content shows a difference of up to 1 wt% Ca, while the technical variance of each device can be reduced to [Formula: see text] wt% Ca. Bearing in mind that shifts in calcium levels due to diseases, e.g., high turnover osteoporosis, are often in the range of 1 wt% Ca, both the bone samples of the patients as well as the control samples have to be measured on the same SEM device. Therefore, we also constructed new reference BMDD curves for adults to be used for FE-SEM data comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus A. Hartmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Strasse 30, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Strasse 30, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara M. Misof
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Strasse 30, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Strasse 30, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Strasse 30, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Berzlanovich
- Unit of Forensic Gerontology, Center of Forensic Science, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerlinde M. Gruber
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Peter C. Brugger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen Zwerina
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Strasse 30, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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27
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Percolation networks inside 3D model of the mineralized collagen fibril. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11398. [PMID: 34059767 PMCID: PMC8166932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a hierarchical biological material, characterized at the nanoscale by a recurring structure mainly composed of apatite mineral and collagen, i.e. the mineralized collagen fibril (MCF). Although the architecture of the MCF was extensively investigated by experimental and computational studies, it still represents a topic of debate. In this work, we developed a 3D continuum model of the mineral phase in the framework of percolation theory, that describes the transition from isolated to spanning cluster of connected platelets. Using Monte Carlo technique, we computed overall 120 × 106 iterations and investigated the formation of spanning networks of apatite minerals. We computed the percolation probability for different mineral volume fractions characteristic of human bone tissue. The findings highlight that the percolation threshold occurs at lower volume fractions for spanning clusters in the width direction with respect to the critical mineral volume fractions that characterize the percolation transition in the thickness and length directions. The formation of spanning clusters of minerals represents a condition of instability for the MCF, as it could be the onset of a high susceptibility to fracture. The 3D computational model developed in this study provides new, complementary insights to the experimental investigations concerning human MCF.
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28
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Frank M, Reisinger AG, Pahr DH, Thurner PJ. Effects of Osteoporosis on Bone Morphometry and Material Properties of Individual Human Trabeculae in the Femoral Head. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10503. [PMID: 34189388 PMCID: PMC8216141 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and is conventionally classified as a decrease of total bone mass. Current diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on clinical risk factors and dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, but changes in bone quantity (bone mass) and quality (trabecular structure, material properties, and tissue composition) are not distinguished. Yet, osteoporosis is known to cause a deterioration of the trabecular network, which might be related to changes at the tissue scale—the material properties. The goal of the current study was to use a previously established test method to perform a thorough characterization of the material properties of individual human trabeculae from femoral heads in cyclic tensile tests in a close to physiologic, wet environment. A previously developed rheological model was used to extract elastic, viscous, and plastic aspects of material behavior. Bone morphometry and tissue mineralization were determined with a density calibrated micro‐computed tomography (μCT) set‐up. Osteoporotic trabeculae neither showed a significantly changed material or mechanical behavior nor changes in tissue mineralization, compared with age‐matched healthy controls. However, donors with osteopenia indicated significantly reduced apparent yield strain and elastic work with respect to osteoporosis, suggesting possible initial differences at disease onset. Bone morphometry indicated a lower bone volume to total volume for osteoporotic donors, caused by a smaller trabecular number and a larger trabecular separation. A correlation of age with tissue properties and bone morphometry revealed a similar behavior as in osteoporotic bone. In the range studied, age does affect morphometry but not material properties, except for moderately increased tissue strength in healthy donors and moderately increased hardening exponent in osteoporotic donors. Taken together, the distinct changes of trabecular bone quality in the femoral head caused by osteoporosis and aging could not be linked to suspected relevant changes in material properties or tissue mineralization. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Frank
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics TU Wien Gumpendorfer Straße 7 Vienna 1060 Austria
| | - Andreas G Reisinger
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Division Biomechanics Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30 Krems 3500 Austria
| | - Dieter H Pahr
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics TU Wien Gumpendorfer Straße 7 Vienna 1060 Austria.,Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Division Biomechanics Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30 Krems 3500 Austria
| | - Philipp J Thurner
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics TU Wien Gumpendorfer Straße 7 Vienna 1060 Austria
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29
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Mckinnon M, Higgins D. Comparison of bone demineralisation procedures for DNA recovery from burned remains. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 51:102448. [PMID: 33373911 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recovering DNA from modern incinerated bones can be challenging and may require alteration of routine DNA extraction protocols. It has been postulated that incinerated bones share some similarities with ancient bones, including fragmented DNA, surface contamination and highly mineralised structure, all of which can inhibit the successful recovery of genetic material. For this reason, ancient DNA extraction protocols are often used for incinerated modern samples; however, their effectiveness is still somewhat unclear. Much of this uncertainty exists around the demineralisation step of extraction, specifically the length of incubation and retention or removal of supernatant. As obtaining human samples for forensic research can be challenging, porcine models (Sus scrofa domesticus) are often used as substitutes. This study developed real time PCR assays for porcine nuclear DNA in order to investigate the effects of modified demineralisation protocols on DNA yield from femurs exposed to either short (60 min) or prolonged (120 min) burning. Gradient PCR results indicated 56 °C was the ideal amplification temperature for targeted amplicons, with melt curve analysis showing short and long amplicons corresponded to 80.3 °C and 83 °C peaks respectively. Results of altered extraction protocol showed a trend towards higher DNA yields from longer demineralisation periods however this was not significant. By comparison, retaining supernatant post-demineralisation resulted in significantly greater DNA yields compared to discarding it (P < 0.009). Although DNA content yield decreased with burn duration, the demineralisation treatment variations appeared to have the same effect for all burn lengths. These results suggest that for incinerated modern bone retaining the supernatant following demineralisation can dramatically increase DNA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Mckinnon
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Denice Higgins
- Forensic Odontology Unit, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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30
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Lerebours C, Weinkamer R, Roschger A, Buenzli PR. Mineral density differences between femoral cortical bone and trabecular bone are not explained by turnover rate alone. Bone Rep 2020; 13:100731. [PMID: 33392366 PMCID: PMC7772649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density distributions (BMDDs) are a measurable property of bone tissues that depends strongly on bone remodelling and mineralisation processes. These processes can vary significantly in health and disease and across skeletal sites, so there is high interest in analysing these processes from experimental BMDDs. Here, we propose a rigorous hypothesis-testing approach based on a mathematical model of mineral heterogeneity in bone due to remodelling and mineralisation, to help explain differences observed between the BMDD of human femoral cortical bone and the BMDD of human trabecular bone. Recent BMDD measurements show that femoral cortical bone possesses a higher bone mineral density, but a similar mineral heterogeneity around the mean compared to trabecular bone. By combining this data with the mathematical model, we are able to test whether this difference in BMDD can be explained by (i) differences in turnover rate; (ii) differences in osteoclast resorption behaviour; and (iii) differences in mineralisation kinetics between the two bone types. We find that accounting only for differences in turnover rate is inconsistent with the fact that both BMDDs have a similar spread around the mean, and that accounting for differences in osteoclast resorption behaviour leads to biologically inconsistent bone remodelling patterns. We conclude that the kinetics of mineral accumulation in bone matrix must therefore be different in femoral cortical bone and trabecular bone. Although both cortical and trabecular bone are made up of lamellar bone, the different mineralisation kinetics in the two types of bone point towards more profound structural differences than usually assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Lerebours
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pascal R Buenzli
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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31
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Zimmermann EA, Fiedler IAK, Busse B. Breaking new ground in mineralized tissue: Assessing tissue quality in clinical and laboratory studies. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104138. [PMID: 33157423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mineralized tissues, such as bone and teeth, have extraordinary mechanical properties of both strength and toughness. This mechanical behavior originates from deformation and fracture resistance mechanisms in their multi-scale structure. The term quality describes the matrix composition, multi-scale structure, remodeling dynamics, water content, and micro-damage accumulation in the tissue. Aging and disease result in changes in the tissue quality that may reduce strength and toughness and lead to elevated fracture risk. Therefore, the capability to measure the quality of mineralized tissues provides critical information on disease progression and mechanical integrity. Here, we provide an overview of clinical and laboratory-based techniques to assess the quality of mineralized tissues in health and disease. Current techniques used in clinical settings include radiography-based (radiographs, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, EOS) and x-ray tomography-based methods (high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography). In the laboratory, tissue quality can be investigated in ex vivo samples with x-ray imaging (micro and nano-computed tomography, x-ray microscopy), electron microscopy (scanning/transmission electron imaging (SEM/STEM), backscattered scanning electron microscopy, Focused Ion Beam-SEM), light microscopy, spectroscopy (Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and assessment of mechanical behavior (mechanical testing, fracture mechanics and reference point indentation). It is important for clinicians and basic science researchers to be aware of the techniques available in different types of research. While x-ray imaging techniques translated to the clinic have provided exceptional advancements in patient care, the future challenge will be to incorporate high-resolution laboratory-based bone quality measurements into clinical settings to broaden the depth of information available to clinicians during diagnostics, treatment and management of mineralized tissue pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imke A K Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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32
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Watanabe K, Lewis S, Guo X, Ni A, Lee BS, Deguchi T, Kim DG. Regional variations of jaw bone characteristics in an ovariectomized rat model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103952. [PMID: 32957244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis causes severe loss of bone quantity and quality in limb bone but has a lesser effect on jaw bone. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine whether ovariectomy (OVX) and mastication alter the regional variation of jaw bone characteristics. Sprague-Dawley female rats (6 months) were given a bilateral OVX or a sham operation (SHAM) (n = 10 for each group). After 2 months post-OVX, the hemi-mandible from each rat was dissected. A micro-computed tomography based mean, standard deviation (SD), the lower and upper 5th percentile (Low5 and High5) values of tissue mineral density (TMD) histograms were assessed for whole bone (WB), alveolar bone (AB), cortical bone (CB), and trabecular bone (TB) regions. Morphology of TB and periodontal ligament (PDL) was also obtained. Layers of AB were segmented up to 400 μm from the PDL. Mechanical properties at the tissue level were measured by nanoindentation at the same site by a single loading-unloading cycle of indentation in hydration. The AB and TB regions had significantly lower TMD Mean, Low5, and High5 but higher SD than the CB region for both sham and OVX groups (p < 0.01). TMD parameters of the OVX group rapidly increased up to 60 μm away from the PDL and were significantly higher than those of the sham group starting at 280 μm and farther in the CB region (p < 0.05). All values of morphological and nanoindentation parameters were not significantly different between sham and OVX groups (p > 0.06). Estrogen deficiency induced by OVX did not deteriorate bone characteristics including mineral density, morphology, and nanoindentation parameters in rat mandibles. Masticatory loading had an effect on the TMD parameters at the limited region of AB. These results provide insight into why osteoporosis-associated jaw bone fractures are extremely rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Watanabe
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Samantha Lewis
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ai Ni
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Beth S Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Toru Deguchi
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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33
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Mckinnon M, Henneberg M, Simpson E, Higgins D. A comparison of crystal structure in fresh, burned and archaic bone - Implications for forensic sampling. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 313:110328. [PMID: 32502739 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Standard protocols for extracting DNA from bone are variable and are largely dependent on the state of preservation. In archaic samples, endogenous DNA is believed to be tightly bound to crystal aggregates in the Hydroxyapatite (HAp) matrix requiring prolonged demineralisation to allow its release. By comparison, fresh bone contains abundant cellular material, discounting the need for demineralisation. Recommendations for incinerated bone, specifically how viable sampling sites should be selected and the ideal techniques for DNA recovery are unclear, and the protocol used is often selected based on macroscopic sample appearance. It has been postulated that like archaic bone, burned bone is 'highly degraded' and therefore aDNA techniques may present better results for DNA recovery than using fresh protocols. However, little research has been undertaken comparing the crystal structure of burnt, fresh and archaic bone. This study uses a combination of XRPD and SEM analysis to compare the crystalline profile and microscopic appearance of burned bone subjected to temperatures ranging from 100-1000°C, with archaic and fresh samples. Although macroscopically visually different, fresh samples and samples heated up to 500°C showed no microscopic differences or significant changes in crystallinity. By comparison, samples heated above 500°C became significantly more crystalline, with HAp crystal size increasing dramatically. Archaic samples were different again, more closely resembling the amorphous fresh samples than the highly crystalline incinerated samples. These results suggests that, potentially, samples burned at 500°C or lower can be treated as fresh samples, whilst samples exposed to higher temperatures may require adapted protocols. Whether or not these highly burned samples require demineralisation needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Mckinnon
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | | | - Denice Higgins
- Forensic Odontology Unit, Adelaide Dental School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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34
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Parle E, Tio S, Behre A, Carey JJ, Murphy CG, O'Brien TF, Curtin WA, Kearns SR, McCabe JP, Coleman CM, Vaughan TJ, McNamara LM. Bone Mineral Is More Heterogeneously Distributed in the Femoral Heads of Osteoporotic and Diabetic Patients: A Pilot Study. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10253. [PMID: 32149268 PMCID: PMC7017882 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is associated with systemic bone loss, leading to a significant deterioration of bone microarchitecture and an increased fracture risk. Although recent studies have shown that the distribution of bone mineral becomes more heterogeneous because of estrogen deficiency in animal models of osteoporosis, it is not known whether osteoporosis alters mineral distribution in human bone. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can also increase bone fracture risk and is associated with impaired bone cell function, compromised collagen structure, and reduced mechanical properties. However, it is not known whether alterations in mineral distribution arise in diabetic (DB) patients’ bone. In this study, we quantify mineral content distribution and tissue microarchitecture (by μCT) and mechanical properties (by compression testing) of cancellous bone from femoral heads of osteoporotic (OP; n = 10), DB (n = 7), and osteoarthritic (OA; n = 7) patients. We report that though OP cancellous bone has significantly deteriorated compressive mechanical properties and significantly compromised microarchitecture compared with OA controls, there is also a significant increase in the mean mineral content. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the mineral content in OP bone is significantly higher than controls (+25%) and is explained by a significant increase in bone volume at high mineral levels. We propose that these mineral alterations act to exacerbate the already reduced bone quality caused by reduced cancellous bone volume during osteoporosis. We show for the first time that cancellous bone mineralization is significantly more heterogeneous (+26%) in patients presenting with T2DM compared with OA (non‐DB) controls, and that this heterogeneity is characterized by a significant increase in bone volume at low mineral levels. Despite these mineralization changes, bone microarchitecture and mechanical properties are not significantly different between OA groups with and without T2DM. Nonetheless, the observed alterations in mineral heterogeneity may play an important tissue‐level role in bone fragility associated with OP and DB bone. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Parle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Sherdya Tio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Annie Behre
- Department of Bioengineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA
| | - John J Carey
- Department of Rheumatology Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland
| | - Colin G Murphy
- Department of Orthopaedics Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland
| | - Timothy F O'Brien
- Department of Endocrinology Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland
| | - William A Curtin
- Department of Orthopaedics Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland
| | - Stephen R Kearns
- Department of Orthopaedics Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland
| | - John P McCabe
- Department of Orthopaedics Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland
| | - Cynthia M Coleman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Ted J Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
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35
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Müller R, Henss A, Kampschulte M, Rohnke M, Langheinrich AC, Heiss C, Janek J, Voigt A, Wilke HJ, Ignatius A, Herfurth J, El Khassawna T, Deutsch A. Analysis of microscopic bone properties in an osteoporotic sheep model: a combined biomechanics, FE and ToF-SIMS study. J R Soc Interface 2020; 16:20180793. [PMID: 30958193 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the characterization of bone quality in a sheep model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Sheep were sham operated ( n = 7), ovariectomized ( n = 6), ovariectomized and treated with deficient diet ( n = 8) or ovariectomized, treated with deficient diet and glucocorticoid injections ( n = 7). The focus of the study is on the microscopic properties at tissue level. Microscopic mechanical properties of osteoporotic bone were evaluated by a combination of biomechanical testing and mathematical modelling. Sample stiffness and strength were determined by compression tests and finite-element analysis of stress states was conducted. From this, an averaged microscopic Young's modulus at tissue level was determined. Trabecular structure as well as mineral and collagen distribution in samples of sheep vertebrae were analysed by micro-computed tomography and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. In the osteoporotic sheep model, a disturbed fibril structure in the triple treated group was observed, but bone loss only occurred in form of reduced trabecular number and thickness and cortical decline, while quality of the residual bone was preserved. The preserved bone tissue properties in the osteoporotic sheep model allowed for an estimation of bone strength which behaves similar to the human case.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Müller
- 1 Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing , TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - A Henss
- 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - M Kampschulte
- 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - M Rohnke
- 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - A C Langheinrich
- 6 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital , 60389 Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - C Heiss
- 3 Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany.,5 Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg , Giessen , Germany
| | - J Janek
- 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - A Voigt
- 8 Institute of Scientific Computing , TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - H J Wilke
- 7 Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University-Medical Centre , Ulm , Germany
| | - A Ignatius
- 7 Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University-Medical Centre , Ulm , Germany
| | - J Herfurth
- 3 Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - T El Khassawna
- 3 Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - A Deutsch
- 1 Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing , TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden , Germany
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36
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O'Sullivan LM, Allison H, Parle EE, Schiavi J, McNamara LM. Secondary alterations in bone mineralisation and trabecular thickening occur after long-term estrogen deficiency in ovariectomised rat tibiae, which do not coincide with initial rapid bone loss. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:587-599. [PMID: 31786627 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study delineates the time sequence of changes in bone tissue mineralisation in ovariectomised rats. We report that changes in bone mineral distribution arise secondary to the initial rapid bone loss but coincide with trabecular thickening. We propose that these changes compensate for elevated stresses in remaining trabeculae after bone resorption. INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that osteoporosis is not simply a disease of bone loss and microarchitectural degradation but that important changes in tissue composition also occur. Such changes may be a secondary response to early bone loss, but the time sequence of changes in bone mineral distribution is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to quantify the temporal effects of estrogen deficiency on trabecular mineral distribution in the tibia of ovariectomised (OVX) rats. METHODS Weekly in vivo micro-CT scans and morphometric and bone mineral density distribution analyses of the proximal tibia were conducted for the first 4 weeks of estrogen deficiency and then at 8, 14 and 34 weeks. RESULTS Here we report that although trabecular bone volume and architecture are significantly deteriorated within the first 4 weeks of estrogen deficiency, there is no change in the distribution of bone mineral within trabeculae during this initial period. The rate of bone loss in OVX animals dramatically reduced between week 4 and week 14, which coincided with the initiation of increases in trabecular thickness and mineralisation in the OVX group. CONCLUSIONS Together this study reveals for the first time that alterations in bone mineralisation and trabecular thickening arise secondary to the initial rapid bone loss. We propose that these secondary mineralisation changes act to reinforce the trabecular network in an attempt to compensate for the increased loading that ensues after severe bone loss. This study provides an insight into temporal changes in bone mineral distribution in estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M O'Sullivan
- Mechanobiology and Medical Devices Research Group (MMDRG), Centre for Biomechanics Research (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - H Allison
- Mechanobiology and Medical Devices Research Group (MMDRG), Centre for Biomechanics Research (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - E E Parle
- Mechanobiology and Medical Devices Research Group (MMDRG), Centre for Biomechanics Research (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Schiavi
- Mechanobiology and Medical Devices Research Group (MMDRG), Centre for Biomechanics Research (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - L M McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Devices Research Group (MMDRG), Centre for Biomechanics Research (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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37
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Schilperoort M, Bravenboer N, Lim J, Mletzko K, Busse B, van Ruijven L, Kroon J, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S, Winter EM. Circadian disruption by shifting the light-dark cycle negatively affects bone health in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:1052-1064. [PMID: 31914701 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901929r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The past decade, it has become evident that circadian rhythms within metabolically active tissues are very important for physical health. However, although shift work has also been associated with an increased risk of fractures, circadian rhythmicity has not yet been extensively studied in bone. Here, we investigated which genes are rhythmically expressed in bone, and whether circadian disruption by shifts in light-dark cycle affects bone turnover and structure in mice. Our results demonstrate diurnal expression patterns of clock genes (Rev-erbα, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Clock), as well as genes involved in osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast proliferation and function (Rankl, Opg, Ctsk), and osteocyte function (c-Fos) in bone. Weekly alternating light-dark cycles disrupted rhythmic clock gene expression in bone and caused a reduction in plasma levels of procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP), suggestive of a reduced bone turnover. These effects coincided with an altered trabecular bone structure and increased cortical mineralization after 15 weeks of light-dark cycles, which may negatively affect bone strength in the long term. Collectively, these results show that a physiological circadian rhythm is important to maintain bone health, which stresses the importance of further investigating the association between shift work and skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joann Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Mletzko
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics (IOBM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics (IOBM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leo van Ruijven
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kroon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth M Winter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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38
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Yang L, Kong J, Qiu Z, Shang T, Chen S, Zhao R, Raucci MG, Yang X, Wu Z. Mineralized collagen-modified PMMA cement enhances bone integration and reduces fibrous encapsulation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease. Regen Biomater 2019; 7:181-193. [PMID: 32296537 PMCID: PMC7147368 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a minimally invasive surgery, percutaneous cement discoplasty (PCD) is now contemplated to treat lumbar disc degeneration disease in elder population. Here, we investigated whether the osteogenic mineralized collagen (MC) modified polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement could be a suitable material in PCD surgery. Injectability, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the MC-modified PMMA (PMMA-MC) was characterized. The introduction of MC did not change the application and setting time of PMMA and was easy to be handled in minimally invasive operation. Hydrophilicity of PMMA-MC was greatly improved and its elastic modulus was tailored to complement mechanical performance of bone under dynamic stress. Then, PCD surgery in a goat model with induced disc degeneration was performed with implantation of PMMA-MC or PMMA. Three months after implantation, micro-computed tomography analysis revealed a 36.4% higher circumferential contact index between PMMA-MC and bone, as compared to PMMA alone. Histological staining confirmed that the surface of PMMA-MC was in direct contact with new bone, while the PMMA was covered by fibrous tissue. The observed gathering of macrophages around the implant was suspected to be the cause of fibrous encapsulation. Therefore, the interactions of PMMA and PMMA-MC with macrophages were investigated in vitro. We discovered that the addition of MC could hinder the proliferation and fusion of the macrophages. Moreover, expressions of fibroblast-stimulating growth factors, insulin-like growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-β were significantly down-regulated in the macrophages cocultured with PMMA-MC. Together, the promoted osteointegration and reduced fibrous tissue formation observed with PMMA-MC material makes it a promising candidate for PCD surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jianjun Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai 054000, China.,Department of Orthopedic Laboratory, Xingtai Institute of Orthopaedics, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Zhiye Qiu
- Beijing Allgens Medical Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 102609, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tieliang Shang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhanyong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai 054000, China.,Department of Orthopedic Laboratory, Xingtai Institute of Orthopaedics, Xingtai 054000, China
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39
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Farlay D, Bala Y, Rizzo S, Bare S, Lappe JM, Recker R, Boivin G. Bone remodeling and bone matrix quality before and after menopause in healthy women. Bone 2019; 128:115030. [PMID: 31404670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acceleration of remodeling activity after menopause leads to bone loss and fragility, however, whether this is associated with modifications of bone matrix quality has been less studied. The impact of variation in bone remodeling rate on bone matrix has been studied mainly in pathologies or anti-osteoporotic treatments. However, in healthy women this has been less studied. We analyzed, at the global level, bone matrix quality in bone biopsies from 3 groups of healthy women (20 per group): 1) before menopause (PreM), 2) 1 year after menopause (PostM, paired biopsies with preM), and 3) 14 (±9) years after menopause (LT-PostM). The mean degree of mineralization (DMB) and heterogeneity index (HI) of mineralization were assessed by X-ray microradiography on whole bone matrix; intrinsic properties (mineral/organic ratio, mineral maturity, mineral crystallinity, collagen maturity) were assessed by Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy, microhardness by microindentation, both at a global level and calculated by mean of several measurements over the whole tissue area. In PostM compared to PreM (bone remodeling rate had doubled), mean DMB measured on the entire bone plane (whole bone matrix) of the sample was not different. HI was increased in trabecular bone indicating a higher heterogeneity of mineralization. However, in PostM, mineral/organic ratio (trabecular) and microhardness (cortical and trabecular) were decreased, whereas mineral/collagen maturation or crystal size/perfection were unchanged. Thus, in PostM, the local mineral content and microhardness were first affected. In LT-PostM (bone remodeling rate was 3 times higher), the mean DMB was still not different. However, the mineral/organic ratio, microhardness, mineral maturity, crystallinity all were lower compared to PreM and PostM, in both cortical and trabecular bone. Bone remodeling rate was negatively correlated with microhardness, DMB, mineral/organic and crystallinity. This suggests that increases in bone remodeling rates after menopause have a direct impact on bone quality by inducing the formation of more extensive "immature" bone areas, but the amount of immature bone does not cause modification of the global DMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Farlay
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Y Bala
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - S Rizzo
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - S Bare
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J M Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - G Boivin
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France
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Rolvien T, Schmidt T, Schmidt FN, von Kroge S, Busse B, Amling M, Barvencik F. Recovery of bone mineralization and quality during asfotase alfa treatment in an adult patient with infantile-onset hypophosphatasia. Bone 2019; 127:67-74. [PMID: 31152801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a hereditary musculoskeletal disorder characterized by low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity leading to poor bone mineralization. On a micro-morphological level, this may not only be reflected by an enrichment of osteoid but also a degradation of bone quality. Asfotase alfa is an enzyme replacement therapy that was recently demonstrated to improve bone mineralization as well as clinical status (e.g. growth, muscle strength and quality of life). However, the underlying changes of bone quality parameters on asfotase alfa treatment are currently not known. In the present study, we report a 24-year-old woman with genetically confirmed infantile-onset HPP and recurrent fractures. While the initiated asfotase alfa treatment was followed by rapid clinical improvements (i.e., disappearance of bone marrow edema, increase of muscle strength), the BMD assessed by DXA at the hip and spine increased moderately at two years follow-up. A detailed skeletal assessment using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and a high-resolution analysis of two consecutive iliac crest bone biopsies revealed only minor improvements of bone microarchitecture but a remarkable reduction of osteoid parameters. Furthermore, the high mineralization heterogeneity at baseline assessed by quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) decreased after 2 year of asfotase alfa treatment. Finally, we found an increase in mineral maturation reflected by higher mineral-to-matrix and carbonate-to-phosphate ratios using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) imaging as well as increased local mechanical properties using reference point indentation (RPI). Taken together, our findings provide evidence for an improvement of bone quality indices beyond the mere reduction of osteoid indices and thereby contribute to the understanding of fracture risk reduction in HPP patients on asfotase alfa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Barvencik
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Formulation and characterization of a novel PHBV nanocomposite for bone defect filling and infection treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:110004. [PMID: 31500052 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable materials that combine bioactivity with sustained drug release have been proved promising for the treatment and prophylaxis of bone infection. In this work, injection-molded nanocomposites were formulated from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-6%hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), nanodiamond (nD) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) loaded with vancomycin (VC). The components were compounded using a rotary evaporator (PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-R) or a spray-dryer (PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-SD). The nanoparticles acted as a nucleating agent, increasing PHBV crystallinity from 57.1% to up to 73.3% (PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-SD). The nHA particles were found to be well distributed on the formulations fracture surface observed by SEM-EDS micrographs. PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-SD presented higher glass transition temperature (18.1 vs 14.8 °C) and stronger interface than PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-R, as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Furthermore, the incorporation of nanoparticles increased PHBV flexural elastic modulus by 34% and match the reported for human bone. Both systems were able to present a sustained release of VC for 22 days, reaching 7.1 ± 1.3%(PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-R) and 4.8 ± 0.6% (PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-SD). VC presented antibacterial activity even after being processed at 178 °C in an injection molding machine. Moreover, in vitro assays showed a good adhesion and growth of cells on the specimens and suggested a non-cytotoxic and non-cytostatic behavior. These findings indicate that these systems can be further explored as bone defect filling material.
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Shah FA, Ruscsák K, Palmquist A. 50 years of scanning electron microscopy of bone-a comprehensive overview of the important discoveries made and insights gained into bone material properties in health, disease, and taphonomy. Bone Res 2019; 7:15. [PMID: 31123620 PMCID: PMC6531483 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is an architecturally complex system that constantly undergoes structural and functional optimisation through renewal and repair. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is among the most frequently used instruments for examining bone. It offers the key advantage of very high spatial resolution coupled with a large depth of field and wide field of view. Interactions between incident electrons and atoms on the sample surface generate backscattered electrons, secondary electrons, and various other signals including X-rays that relay compositional and topographical information. Through selective removal or preservation of specific tissue components (organic, inorganic, cellular, vascular), their individual contribution(s) to the overall functional competence can be elucidated. With few restrictions on sample geometry and a variety of applicable sample-processing routes, a given sample may be conveniently adapted for multiple analytical methods. While a conventional SEM operates at high vacuum conditions that demand clean, dry, and electrically conductive samples, non-conductive materials (e.g., bone) can be imaged without significant modification from the natural state using an environmental scanning electron microscope. This review highlights important insights gained into bone microstructure and pathophysiology, bone response to implanted biomaterials, elemental analysis, SEM in paleoarchaeology, 3D imaging using focused ion beam techniques, correlative microscopy and in situ experiments. The capacity to image seamlessly across multiple length scales within the meso-micro-nano-continuum, the SEM lends itself to many unique and diverse applications, which attest to the versatility and user-friendly nature of this instrument for studying bone. Significant technological developments are anticipated for analysing bone using the SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Krisztina Ruscsák
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Beresheim AC, Pfeiffer SK, Grynpas MD, Alblas A. Use of backscattered scanning electron microscopy to quantify the bone tissues of mid‐thoracic human ribs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 168:262-278. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Beresheim
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Susan K. Pfeiffer
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of Cape Town Rondebosch Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyGeorge Washington University Washington, D.C
| | - Marc D. Grynpas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Amanda Alblas
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical SciencesStellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa
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Pohl S, Angermann A, Jeschke A, Hendrickx G, Yorgan TA, Makrypidi-Fraune G, Steigert A, Kuehn SC, Rolvien T, Schweizer M, Koehne T, Neven M, Winter O, Velho RV, Albers J, Streichert T, Pestka JM, Baldauf C, Breyer S, Stuecker R, Muschol N, Cox TM, Saftig P, Paganini C, Rossi A, Amling M, Braulke T, Schinke T. The Lysosomal Protein Arylsulfatase B Is a Key Enzyme Involved in Skeletal Turnover. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:2186-2201. [PMID: 30075049 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal pathologies are frequently observed in lysosomal storage disorders, yet the relevance of specific lysosomal enzymes in bone remodeling cell types is poorly defined. Two lysosomal enzymes, ie, cathepsin K (Ctsk) and Acp5 (also known as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase), have long been known as molecular marker proteins of differentiated osteoclasts. However, whereas the cysteine protease Ctsk is directly involved in the degradation of bone matrix proteins, the molecular function of Acp5 in osteoclasts is still unknown. Here we show that Acp5, in concert with Acp2 (lysosomal acid phosphatase), is required for dephosphorylation of the lysosomal mannose 6-phosphate targeting signal to promote the activity of specific lysosomal enzymes. Using an unbiased approach we identified the glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzyme arylsulfatase B (Arsb), mutated in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS-VI), as an osteoclast marker, whose activity depends on dephosphorylation by Acp2 and Acp5. Similar to Acp2/Acp5-/- mice, Arsb-deficient mice display lysosomal storage accumulation in osteoclasts, impaired osteoclast activity, and high trabecular bone mass. Of note, the most prominent lysosomal storage accumulation was observed in osteocytes from Arsb-deficient mice, yet this pathology did not impair production of sclerostin (Sost) and Fgf23. Because the influence of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on bone remodeling in MPS-VI is still unknown, we additionally treated Arsb-deficient mice by weekly injection of recombinant human ARSB from 12 to 24 weeks of age. We found that the high bone mass phenotype of Arsb-deficient mice and the underlying bone cell deficits were fully corrected by ERT in the trabecular compartment. Taken together, our results do not only show that the function of Acp5 in osteoclasts is linked to dephosphorylation and activation of lysosomal enzymes, they also provide an important proof-of-principle for the feasibility of ERT to correct bone cell pathologies in lysosomal storage disorders. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pohl
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Angermann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Jeschke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gretl Hendrickx
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur A Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georgia Makrypidi-Fraune
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Steigert
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja C Kuehn
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mona Neven
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olga Winter
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renata Voltolini Velho
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Albers
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan M Pestka
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Baldauf
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Breyer
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital Hamburg-Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Stuecker
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital Hamburg-Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Muschol
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Chiara Paganini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braulke
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Dehydration of individual bovine trabeculae causes transition from ductile to quasi-brittle failure mode. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 87:296-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu D, Isaksson P, Ferguson SJ, Persson C. Young's modulus of trabecular bone at the tissue level: A review. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:1-12. [PMID: 30081232 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The tissue-level Young's modulus of trabecular bone is important for detailed mechanical analysis of bone and bone-implant mechanical interactions. However, the heterogeneity and small size of the trabecular struts complicate an accurate determination. Methods such as micro-mechanical testing of single trabeculae, ultrasonic testing, and nanoindentation have been used to estimate the trabecular Young's modulus. This review summarizes and classifies the trabecular Young's moduli reported in the literature. Information on species, anatomic site, and test condition of the samples has also been gathered. Advantages and disadvantages of the different methods together with recent developments are discussed, followed by some suggestions for potential improvement for future work. In summary, this review provides a thorough introduction to the approaches used for determining trabecular Young's modulus, highlights important considerations when applying these methods and summarizes the reported Young's modulus for follow-up studies on trabecular properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The spongy trabecular bone provides mechanical support while maintaining a low weight. A correct measure of its mechanical properties at the tissue level, i.e. at a single-trabecula level, is crucial for analysis of interactions between bone and implants, necessary for understanding e.g. bone healing mechanisms. In this study, we comprehensively summarize the Young's moduli of trabecular bone estimated by currently available methods, and report their dependency on different factors. The critical review of different methods with recent updates is intended to inspire improvements in estimating trabecular Young's modulus. It is strongly suggested to report detailed information on the tested bone to enable statistical analysis in the future.
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Nguyen C, Schlesinger KJ, James TW, James KM, Sah RL, Masuda K, Carlson JM. Novel magnetic resonance technique for characterizing mesoscale structure of trabecular bone. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180563. [PMID: 30225048 PMCID: PMC6124118 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by increased fracture risk and bone fragility, impacts millions of adults worldwide, but effective, non-invasive and easily accessible diagnostic tests of the disease remain elusive. We present a magnetic resonance (MR) technique that overcomes the motion limitations of traditional MR imaging to acquire high-resolution frequency-domain data to characterize the texture of biological tissues. This technique does not involve obtaining full two-dimensional or three-dimensional images, but can probe scales down to the order of 40 μm and in particular uncover structural information in trabecular bone. Using micro-computed tomography data of vertebral trabecular bone, we computationally validate this MR technique by simulating MR measurements of a 'ratio metric' determined from a few k-space values corresponding to trabecular thickness and spacing. We train a support vector machine classifier on ratio metric values determined from healthy and simulated osteoporotic bone data, which we use to accurately classify osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
| | - Kimberly J. Schlesinger
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
| | - Timothy W. James
- BioProtonics, LLC, 3090 Old Calzada Rd, Santa Ynez, CA 93460, USA
| | - Kristin M. James
- BioProtonics, LLC, 3090 Old Calzada Rd, Santa Ynez, CA 93460, USA
| | - Robert L. Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Koichi Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jean M. Carlson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
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Rolvien T, Vom Scheidt A, Stockhausen KE, Milovanovic P, Djonic D, Hubert J, Hawellek T, Wacker A, Jebens V, Püschel K, Zimmermann EA, Djuric M, Amling M, Busse B. Inter-site variability of the osteocyte lacunar network in the cortical bone underpins fracture susceptibility of the superolateral femoral neck. Bone 2018; 112:187-193. [PMID: 29679732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The osteocytic lacunar network is considered to be an integral player in the regulation of bone homeostasis, and reduction in osteocytes is associated with reduced bone strength. Here, we analyzed site-specific patterns in osteocyte characteristics and matrix composition in the cortical compartment of the femoral neck to reveal the structural basis of its fragility. METHODS Cross-sections of the human femoral neck - one of the most common fracture sites - were acquired from 12 female cadavers (age 34-86 years) and analyzed with backscattered scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). The 2D/3D density and size of the osteocyte lacunae as well as bone mineral density distribution (BMDD) were measured in two regions subject to different biomechanical loads in vivo: the inferomedial (medial) region (habitually highly loaded in compression) and the superolateral (lateral) region (lower habitual loading intensity). Using quantitative polarized light microscopy, collagen fiber orientation was quantified in these two regions, accordingly. RESULTS In 2D measurements, the inferomedial region displayed lower mineralization heterogeneity, 19% higher osteocyte lacunar density (p = 0.005), but equal lacunar size compared to the superolateral region. 3D measurements confirmed a significantly higher osteocyte lacunar density in the inferomedial region (p = 0.015). Osteocyte lacunar density decreased in aged individuals, and inter-site differences were reduced. Site-specific osteocyte characteristics were not accompanied by changes in collagen fiber orientation. CONCLUSIONS Since osteocyte characteristics may provide valuable insights into bone mechanical competence, the variations in osteocyte properties might reflect the increased fracture susceptibility of the superolateral neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Vom Scheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kilian E Stockhausen
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djonic
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jan Hubert
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thelonius Hawellek
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Jebens
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Zimmermann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marija Djuric
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
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49
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Kim DG, Jeong YH, McMichael BK, Bähler M, Bodnyk K, Sedlar R, Lee BS. Relationships of bone characteristics in MYO9B deficient femurs. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 84:99-107. [PMID: 29754047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine relationships among a variety of bone characteristics, including volumetric, mineral density, geometric, dynamic mechanical analysis, and static fracture mechanical properties. As MYO9B is an unconventional myosin in bone cells responsible for normal skeletal growth, bone characteristics of wild-type (WT), heterozygous (HET), and MYO9B knockout (KO) mice groups were compared as an animal model to express different bone quantity and quality. Forty-five sex-matched 12-week-old mice were used in this study. After euthanization, femurs were isolated and scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) to assess bone volumetric, tissue mineral density (TMD), and geometric parameters. Then, a non-destructive dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed by applying oscillatory bending displacement on the femur. Finally, the same femur was subject to static fracture testing. KO group had significantly lower length, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mass and volume, dynamic and static stiffness, and strength than WT and HET groups (p < 0.019). On the other hand, TMD parameters of KO group were comparable with those of WT group. HET group showed volumetric, geometric, and mechanical properties similar to WT group, but had lower TMD (p < 0.014). Non-destructive micro-CT and DMA parameters had significant positive correlations with strength (p < 0.015) without combined effect of groups and sex on the correlations (p > 0.077). This comprehensive characterization provides a better understanding of interactive behavior between the tissue- and organ-level of the same femur. The current findings elucidate that MYO9B is responsible for controlling bone volume to determine the growth rate and fracture risk of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yong-Hoon Jeong
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brooke K McMichael
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Kyle Bodnyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ryan Sedlar
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Beth S Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Liu J, Chen HY, DoDo H, Yousef H, Firestone AR, Chaudhry J, Johnston WM, Lee DJ, Emam HA, Kim DG. Efficacy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Evaluating Bone Quality for Optimum Implant Treatment Planning. IMPLANT DENT 2018; 26:405-411. [PMID: 28125517 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined (1) if cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can determine relative differences in bone mineral density distribution using clinical images of patients' mandibular bone and (2) if the relative differences can be used to detect the effects of sex and age on bone mineral density distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-six clinical CBCT images from patients (36 females and 30 males) of 3 age groups (40, 50, and 60 years) were identified. Alveolar (AB) and basal cortical bone (CB) regions were digitally isolated. A histogram of gray levels, which are proportional to degrees of bone mineralization, was obtained from each region. Mean, variability (SD and coefficient of variation), and percentage differences of gray level parameters between AB and basal CBs were computed. RESULTS Significant sex differences in gray level variability were observed within the postmenopausal age group (P < 0.042). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that clinical CBCT images can be a valuable tool in providing information on bone quality, which is an important criterion for optimum planning for dental implant placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- *Private Practice, Former Resident, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. †Undergraduate Student, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. ‡Predoctoral Student, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. §Master Student, Clinical and Translational Science, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. ¶Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. ‖Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN. #Professor Emeritus, Division of General Practice and Materials Science, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. **Assistant Professor, Division of Restorative Sciences and Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. ††Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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