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Xu J, Yu L, Ye S, Ye Z, Yang L, Xu X. Oral microbiota-host interaction: the chief culprit of alveolar bone resorption. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1254516. [PMID: 38455060 PMCID: PMC10918469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1254516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There exists a bidirectional relationship between oral health and general well-being, with an imbalance in oral symbiotic flora posing a threat to overall human health. Disruptions in the commensal flora can lead to oral diseases, while systemic illnesses can also impact the oral cavity, resulting in the development of oral diseases and disorders. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, known as pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis, play a crucial role in linking periodontitis to accompanying systemic diseases. In periodontal tissues, these bacteria, along with their virulence factors, can excessively activate the host immune system through local diffusion, lymphatic circulation, and blood transmission. This immune response disruption contributes to an imbalance in osteoimmune mechanisms, alveolar bone resorption, and potential systemic inflammation. To restore local homeostasis, a deeper understanding of microbiota-host interactions and the immune network phenotype in local tissues is imperative. Defining the immune network phenotype in periodontal tissues offers a promising avenue for investigating the complex characteristics of oral plaque biofilms and exploring the potential relationship between periodontitis and associated systemic diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying Porphyromonas gingivalis- and Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced alveolar bone resorption, as well as the immunophenotypes observed in host periodontal tissues during pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Surong Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zitong Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luyi Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Lee SJ, Yang H, Kim SC, Gu DR, Ryuk JA, Jang SA, Ha H. Ethanol Extract of Radix Asteris Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and Alleviates Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16526. [PMID: 38003715 PMCID: PMC10671772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Asteris, the root of Aster tataricus L. f., is historically significant in East Asian medicine for treating respiratory conditions. Yet, its implications on bone health remain uncharted. This research investigated the impact of an aqueous ethanol extract of Radix Asteris (EERA) on osteoclast differentiation and its prospective contribution to osteoporosis management. We discerned that EERA retards osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression and obstructing RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. EERA markedly suppressed RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1, a pivotal osteoclastogenic factor, via modulating early RANK signaling. EERA's therapeutic potential was underscored by its defense against trabecular bone degradation and its counteraction to increased body and perigonadal fat in ovariectomized mice, mirroring postmenopausal physiological changes. In the phytochemical analysis of EERA, we identified several constituents recognized for their roles in regulating bone and fat metabolism. Collectively, our findings emphasize the potential of EERA in osteoclast differentiation modulation and in the management of osteoporosis and associated metabolic changes following estrogen depletion, suggesting its suitability as an alternative therapeutic strategy for postmenopausal osteoporosis intertwined with metabolic imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ju Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Hyun Yang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Seong Cheol Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Dong Ryun Gu
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jin Ah Ryuk
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Seon-A Jang
- Future Technology Research Center, KT&G Corporation, 30, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyunil Ha
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
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Casarrubios L, Cicuéndez M, Vallet-Regí M, Portolés MT, Arcos D, Feito MJ. Osteoimmune Properties of Mesoporous Bioactive Nanospheres: A Study on T Helper Lymphocytes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2183. [PMID: 37570501 PMCID: PMC10421130 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive mesoporous glass nanospheres (nanoMBGs) charged with antiosteoporotic drugs have great potential for the treatment of osteoporosis and fracture prevention. In this scenario, cells of the immune system are essential both in the development of disease and in their potential to stimulate therapeutic effects. In the present work, we hypothesize that nanoMBGs loaded with ipriflavone can exert a positive osteoimmune effect. With this objective, we assessed the effects of non-loaded and ipriflavone-loaded nanoparticles (nanoMBGs and nanoMBG-IPs, respectively) on CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes because this kind of cell is implicated in the inhibition of osseous loss by reducing the RANKL/OPG relationship through the secretion of cytokines. The results indicate that nanoMBGs enter efficiently in CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes, mainly through phagocytosis and clathrin-dependent mechanisms, without affecting the function of these T cells or inducing inflammatory mediators or oxidative stress, thus maintaining the reparative Th2 phenotype. Furthermore, the incorporation of the anti-osteoporotic drug ipriflavone reduces the potential unwanted inflammatory response by decreasing the presence of ROS and stimulating intracellular anti-inflammatory cytokine release like IL-4. These results evidenced that nanoMBG loaded with ipriflavone exerts a positive osteoimmune effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casarrubios
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (M.T.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mónica Cicuéndez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Portolés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (M.T.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Arcos
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Feito
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (M.T.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Azam Z, Sapra L, Baghel K, Sinha N, Gupta RK, Soni V, Saini C, Mishra PK, Srivastava RK. Cissus quadrangularis (Hadjod) Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Augments Bone Health in an Estrogen-Deficient Preclinical Model of Osteoporosis Via Modulating the Host Osteoimmune System. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020216. [PMID: 36672152 PMCID: PMC9857034 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mineral density (BMD), degeneration of bone micro-architecture, and impaired bone strength. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), popularly known as Hadjod (bone setter) in Hindi, is a traditional medicinal herb exhibiting osteoprotective potential in various bone diseases, especially osteoporosis and fractures. However, the cellular mechanisms underpinning its direct effect on bone health through altering the host immune system have never been elucidated. In the present study, we interrogated the osteoprotective and immunoporotic (the osteoprotective potential of CQ via modulating the host immune system) potential of CQ in preventing inflammatory bone loss under oestrogen-deficient conditions. The current study outlines the CQ's osteoprotective potential under both ex vivo and in vivo (ovariectomized) conditions. Our ex vivo data demonstrated that, in a dose-dependent manner CQ, suppresses the RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis (p < 0.001) as well as inhibiting the osteoclast functional activity (p < 0.001) in mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs). Our in vivo µ-CT and flow cytometry data further showed that CQ administration improves bone health and preserves bone micro-architecture by markedly raising the proportion of anti-osteoclastogenic immune cells, such as Th1 (p < 0.05), Th2 (p < 0.05), Tregs (p < 0.05), and Bregs (p < 0.01), while concurrently lowering the osteoclastogenic Th17 cells in bone marrow, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleen in comparison to the control group. Serum cytokine analysis further supported the osteoprotective and immunoporotic potential of CQ, showing a significant increase in the levels of anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines (p < 0.05) (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10) and a concurrent decrease in the levels of osteoclastogenic cytokines (p < 0.05) (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17). In conclusion, our data for the first time delineates the novel cellular and immunological mechanism of the osteoprotective potential of CQ under postmenopausal osteoporotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaffar Azam
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Sagar 470003, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kalpana Baghel
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Sagar 470003, India
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Drug Development Laboratory, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida 201312, India
| | - Rajesh K. Gupta
- Drug Development Laboratory, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida 201312, India
| | - Vandana Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar 470003, India
| | - Chaman Saini
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-1126593548
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Fetal and Neonatal Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Biologics Taken During Pregnancy by Women with Autoimmune Diseases: Insights from an Analysis of the World Health Organization Pharmacovigilance Database (VigiBase ®). BioDrugs 2023; 37:73-87. [PMID: 36401769 PMCID: PMC9676840 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Published data on the safety of biologics other than tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors during pregnancy are limited. OBJECTIVE The aim was to detect pharmacovigilance signals for fetal and neonatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to biologics taken by pregnant women with autoimmune diseases. METHODS We performed a disproportionality analysis of the World Health Organization's VigiBase® pharmacovigilance database from 1968 to June 1, 2021. Data were collected in June 2021. By using terms for different hierarchical levels of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities, we selected the following fetal or neonatal ADRs: stillbirth, premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and congenital malformations. The frequency of all identified ADRs for biologics of interest (adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, anakinra, canakinumab, tocilizumab, sarilumab, ustekinumab, guselkumab, secukinumab, ixekizumab, belimumab, abatacept, and rituximab) was compared with that of all other reports for all other drugs and quoted as the reporting odds ratio (ROR) [95% confidence interval]. Reports with known concomitant use of teratogenic drugs were excluded from the main analysis. Other analyses included ROR stratifications by therapeutic indication in the periods 1968-2021 and 2001-2021, and an analysis after excluding reports with steroids. RESULTS In the main analysis, the RORs were particularly high for musculoskeletal malformations with anakinra (7.18 [3.50-14.73]), canakinumab (19.54 [12.82-29.79]), and abatacept (5.09 [2.77-9.33]), and for immune system disorders with canakinumab (347.88 [217.9-555.50]) and rituximab (9.27 [2.95-29.15]). After the exclusion of reports with steroids, the ROR was significant for neonatal infections with belimumab (28.49 [5.75-141.25]). CONCLUSION We identified possible associations with some adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes, suggesting that vigilance is required when prescribing certain biologics during pregnancy.
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Kim Y, Kim GT. Positive Effects of Biologics on Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2023; 30:3-17. [PMID: 37476528 PMCID: PMC10351356 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.22.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder that causes vulnerability of bones to fracture owing to reduction in bone density and deterioration of the bone tissue microstructure. The prevalence of osteoporosis is higher in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), than in those of the general population. In this autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease, in addition to known risk factors for osteoporosis, various factors such as chronic inflammation, autoantibodies, metabolic disorders, drugs, and decreased physical activity contribute to additional risk. In RA, disease-related inflammation plays an important role in local or systemic bone loss, and active treatment for inflammation can help prevent osteoporosis. In addition to conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs that have been traditionally used for treatment of RA, biologic DMARDs and targeted synthetic DMARDs have been widely used. These agents can be employed more selectively and precisely based on disease pathogenesis. It has been reported that these drugs can inhibit bone loss by not only reducing inflammation in RA, but also by inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation. In this review, the pathogenesis and research results of the increase in osteoporosis in RA are reviewed, and the effects of biological agents on osteoporosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Geun-Tae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Ahmad SS, Ahmed F, Ali R, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Najmi AK, Ahmad S, Ahmad MZ, Ahmad J, Khan MA. Immunology of osteoporosis: relevance of inflammatory targets for the development of novel interventions. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:815-831. [PMID: 35765988 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is recognized as low bone mass and deteriorated bone microarchitecture. It is the leading cause of fractures and consequent morbidity globally. The established pathophysiological evidence favors the endocrine factors for osteoporosis and the role of the immune system on the skeletal system has been recently identified. Due to the common developmental niche bone and immune system interactions have led to the emergence of osteoimmunology. Immune dysregulation can initiate inflammatory conditions that adversely affect bone integrity. The role of immune cells, such as T-lymphocytes subsets (Th17), cannot be neglected in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Local inflammation within the bone from any cause attracts immune cells that participate in the activation of osteoclasts. This work summarizes the present knowledge of osteoimmunology in reference to osteoporosis and identifies novel targets for immunotherapy of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sufian Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Faraha Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Ruhi Ali
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, AdDiriyah, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Zhang W, Gao R, Rong X, Zhu S, Cui Y, Liu H, Li M. Immunoporosis: Role of immune system in the pathophysiology of different types of osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:965258. [PMID: 36147571 PMCID: PMC9487180 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.965258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease characterized by low bone mass and altered bone microarchitecture, with an increased risk of fractures. Classical theories hold that osteoporosis is essentially a bone remodeling disorder caused by estrogen deficiency/aging (primary osteoporosis) or secondary to diseases/drugs (secondary osteoporosis). However, with the in-depth understanding of the intricate nexus between both bone and the immune system in recent decades, the novel field of "Immunoporosis" was proposed by Srivastava et al. (2018, 2022), which delineated and characterized the growing importance of immune cells in osteoporosis. This review aimed to summarize the response of the immune system (immune cells and inflammatory factors) in different types of osteoporosis. In postmenopausal osteoporosis, estrogen deficiency-mediated alteration of immune cells stimulates the activation of osteoclasts in varying degrees. In senile osteoporosis, aging contributes to continuous activation of the immune system at a low level which breaks immune balance, ultimately resulting in bone loss. Further in diabetic osteoporosis, insulin deficiency or resistance-induced hyperglycemia could lead to abnormal regulation of the immune cells, with excessive production of proinflammatory factors, resulting in osteoporosis. Thus, we reviewed the pathophysiology of osteoporosis from a novel insight-immunoporosis, which is expected to provide a specific therapeutic target for different types of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruihan Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Affiliated Hospital 2, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yajun Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Minqi Li, ; Hongrui Liu,
| | - Minqi Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Minqi Li, ; Hongrui Liu,
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Qi T, Li L, Weidong T. The Role of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Bone Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752540. [PMID: 34912800 PMCID: PMC8666436 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies of bioactive lipids have made many exciting discoveries in recent years. Sphingolipids and their metabolites perform a wide variety of cellular functions beyond energy metabolism. Emerging evidence based on genetically manipulated mouse models and molecular biology allows us to obtain new insights into the role sphingolipid played on skeletal remodeling. This review summarizes studies or understandings of the crosstalk between sphingomyelin, ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) of sphingolipids family and the cells, especially osteoblasts and osteoclasts of the bone through which bone is remodeled during life constantly. This review also shows agonists and antagonists of S1P as possible therapeutic options and opportunities on bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Weidong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Sharma A, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Tien PC, Weber KM, Shah JG, Yin MT. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Menopause Are Independently Associated With Lower Bone Mineral Density: Results From the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:65-72. [PMID: 34595517 PMCID: PMC9402636 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported lower bone mineral density (BMD) among premenopausal women with HIV (WWH) compared to women without HIV (HIV-). Rate of bone loss may be even greater for WWH during the menopausal transition. METHODS Pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women in the Women\'s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) underwent whole body DXA and central quantitative computed tomography to measure areal BMD (aBMD) and volumetric BMD (vBMD), respectively. Multivariable regression models with covariates associated with low aBMD (T score < -1.0) in univariate analyses (P≤.05) and known risk factors for low BMD assessed contributions of HIV and menopausal stage to the prediction of aBMD. RESULTS Compared to HIV- women, in unadjusted analyses, WWH had 5-9% lower aBMD at the lumbar spine (P=.001), femoral neck (P=.04), total hip (P=.003) and the ultradistal radius (P=.004), and higher osteoporosis prevalence (T score<-2.5) at the ultradistal radius only (13.5% vs 0%, P=.0003). WWH also had lower vBMD at the spine and hip. In fully adjusted models, HIV independently predicted reduced aBMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and ultradistal radius; menopausal stage remained a significant predictor of lumbar spine and ultradistal radius aBMD. CONCLUSIONS HIV infection and menopausal stage were independent predictors of lower BMD, and had an additive effect on lumbar spine and total hip BMD. Additional research is needed to better understand underlying mechanisms by which HIV impacts BMD as women age and transition through menopause, and develop strategies to mitigate osteoporosis and fracture risk in this growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Correspondence: A. Sharma, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3300 Kossuth Ave, Bronx, NY 10467 ()
| | - Donald R Hoover
- Department of Statistics, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Qiuhu Shi
- School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Weber
- Cook County Health/Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USAand
| | - Jayesh G Shah
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael T Yin
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Novince CM. Maintaining homeostatic control of periodontal bone tissue. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:157-187. [PMID: 33690918 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone is a unique osseous tissue due to the proximity of dental plaque biofilms. Periodontal health and homeostasis are mediated by a balanced host immune response to these polymicrobial biofilms. Dysbiotic shifts within dental plaque biofilms can drive a proinflammatory immune response state in the periodontal epithelial and gingival connective tissues, which leads to paracrine signaling to subjacent bone cells. Sustained chronic periodontal inflammation disrupts "coupled" osteoclast-osteoblast actions, which ultimately result in alveolar bone destruction. This chapter will provide an overview of alveolar bone physiology and will highlight why the oral microbiota is a critical regulator of alveolar bone remodeling. The ecology of dental plaque biofilms will be discussed in the context that periodontitis is a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. The pathogenesis of periodontal bone loss will be explained from both a historical and current perspective, providing the opportunity to revisit the role of fibrosis in alveolar bone destruction. Periodontal immune cell interactions with bone cells will be reviewed based on our current understanding of osteoimmunological mechanisms influencing alveolar bone remodeling. Lastly, probiotic and prebiotic interventions in the oral microbiota will be evaluated as potential noninvasive therapies to support alveolar bone homeostasis and prevent periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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12
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Tang RH, Yang J, Fei J. New perspectives on traumatic bone infections. Chin J Traumatol 2020; 23:314-318. [PMID: 32847694 PMCID: PMC7718542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review the results of previous studies and summarize the effects of various factors on the regulation of bone metabolism in traumatic bone infections. Infection-related bone destruction incorporates pathogens and iatrogenic factors in the process of bone resorption dominated by the skeletal and immune systems. The development of bone immunology has established a bridge of communication between the skeletal system and the immune system. Exploring the effects of pathogens, skeletal systems, immune systems, and antibacterials on bone repair in infectious conditions can help improve the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Hui Tang
- Health Team of 96824 Troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Emergency Department, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Fei
- Emergency Department, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,Corresponding author. Emergency Department, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Changes in Bone Metabolism and Structure in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2020-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key regulator of bone turnover. Depending on the duration of action, the hormone causes catabolic and anabolic effects by binding with specific receptors (PTHR1) in the bone. Various cells expressing PTHR1 on their surface are involved in the process – osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone marrow stromal cells, T-lymphocytes and macrophages. In physiological conditions PTH balances the bone metabolism. Intermittent pharmacological doses of PTH lead to the prevalence of bone formation and are used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Persistently elevated levels of PTH stimulate bone resorption by impacting mainly the cortical bone. New imaging and analysis techniques show that high PTH levels can also have an adverse effect on trabecular microarchitecture. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disease characterized by increased bone metabolism, decreased bone mineral density (BMD), inadequate osteoid mineralization and an increased risk of fractures. Prolonged overproduction of PTH leads to stimulation of bone resorption and defects in bone formation, mainly causing loss of cortical bone mass, while in the trabecular bone predominate demineralization processes. One explanation of these findings is the enhanced stimulation of RANKL expression by osteoblasts with decreased OPG expression and bone formation at the same time.
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14
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Dell'Aquila E, Armento G, Iuliani M, Simonetti S, D'Onofrio L, Zeppola T, Madaudo C, Russano M, Citarella F, Ribelli G, Pantano F, Vincenzi B, Tonini G, Santini D. Denosumab for cancer-related bone loss. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1261-1274. [PMID: 32835531 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1814731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged use of anti-cancer treatments in breast and prostate tumors alters physiological bone turnover leading to adverse skeletal related events, such as osteoporosis, loss of bone mass, and increased risk of fractures. These complications known as cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) should be managed with bone targeting agents such as the bisphosphonates and denosumab. The latter is a monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) that suppresses osteoclasts function and survival increasing bone mass. AREAS COVERED This review will focus on the mechanisms associated with bone loss induced by cancer treatments and the most recent evidence about the use of denosumab as preventive and therapeutic strategy to protect bone health. Moreover, we will discuss several key aspects regarding the clinical practical use of denosumab to optimize the management of CTLIB in breast and prostate cancer. EXPERT OPINION Denosumab treatment strongly prevents cancer therapies-related skeletal issues in breast and prostate cancer with a good safety profile. Adjuvant six-monthly denosumab delays the time to first fracture onset in early stage breast cancer patients with normal or altered bone mineral density (BMD). Similarly, denosumab treatment is able to prevent fractures and BMD loss in nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grazia Armento
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Michele Iuliani
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Loretta D'Onofrio
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Tea Zeppola
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Cristina Madaudo
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Marco Russano
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Fabrizio Citarella
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Giulia Ribelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Bruno Vincenzi
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome, Itlay
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15
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Zhang W, Dang K, Huai Y, Qian A. Osteoimmunology: The Regulatory Roles of T Lymphocytes in Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 32849268 PMCID: PMC7431602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune imbalance caused bone loss. Osteoimmunology is emerging as a new interdisciplinary field to explore the shared molecules and interactions between the skeletal and immune systems. In particular, T lymphocytes (T cells) play pivotal roles in the regulation of bone health. However, the roles and mechanisms of T cells in the treatment of osteoporosis are not fully understood. The present review aims to summarize the essential regulatory roles of T cells in the pathophysiology of various cases of osteoporosis and the development of T cell therapy for osteoporosis from osteoimmunology perspective. As T cell-mediated immunomodulation inhibition reduced bone loss, there is an increasing interest in T cell therapy in an attempt to treat osteoporosis. In summary, the T cell therapy may be further pursued as an immunomodulatory strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis, which can provide a novel perspective for drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Huai
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Yin MT, Chan ES, Brown TT, Kinslow J, Martinson J, Landay A, Melbourne KM, Ribaudo HJ, Overton ET. Vitamin D does not modulate immune-mediated bone loss during ART initiation. Antivir Ther 2020; 24:355-362. [PMID: 31085814 DOI: 10.3851/imp3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VitD) and calcium (Ca) supplementation attenuates antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated bone loss, but it is unclear whether this effect is mediated through immunomodulation. METHODS In this exploratory analysis of A5280, a 48-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of VitD/Ca supplementation with ART initiation, we characterized lymphocyte phenotypes and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression by median fluorescence intensity (MFI) at baseline and 48 weeks. Changes were evaluated within and between treatment groups by Wilcoxon signed rank and rank sum tests, respectively. Spearman correlations estimated relationships between cellular phenotypes and bone mineral density (BMD). RESULTS Of 165 participants enrolled, 138 had samples for cellular phenotypes (64 VitD/Ca, 74 placebo). Markers of CD4, CD8 activation (CD38+HLA-DR+) declined (all P<0.001), but did not differ between arms. There was no decline in either %T-cells (CD4 and CD8) expressing RANKL or expression of RANKL by MFI. CD4 and CD8 activation markers were not correlated with BMD at baseline (r<0.15 and P>0.09 for all), but greater declines in CD4 activation correlated with greater declines in hip and spine BMD in both arms (0.25 ≤r ≤0.37, all P<0.05). A greater decline in CD8 activation was correlated with greater declines in both hip and spine BMD in the placebo arm only (hip r=0.31, P=0.009; spine r=0.25, P=0.035). CONCLUSIONS Reductions in T-cell activation are characteristic of ART initiation, but only correlated modestly with bone loss. VitD/Ca supplementation does not appear to mitigate bone loss through modulation of immune activation or expression of RANKL. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01403051.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Yin
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen S Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd T Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Kinslow
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush Medical College, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Martinson
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush Medical College, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Alan Landay
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush Medical College, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | - Heather J Ribaudo
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edgar T Overton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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17
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Zhang Q, Nettleship I, Schmelzer E, Gerlach J, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu C. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Cell Senescence in Bone and Cartilage. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:64-78. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Nettleship
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eva Schmelzer
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jorg Gerlach
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
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18
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Poulides NA, Carson MD, Kirkpatrick JE, Warner AJ, Swanson BA, Taylor EV, Chew ME, Reddy SV, Liu B, Westwater C, Novince CM. Specific Commensal Bacterium Critically Regulates Gut Microbiota Osteoimmunomodulatory Actions During Normal Postpubertal Skeletal Growth and Maturation. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10338. [PMID: 32161843 PMCID: PMC7059828 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal gut microbiota critically regulates immunomodulatory processes that influence normal skeletal growth and maturation. However, the influence of specific microbes on commensal gut microbiota osteoimmunoregulatory actions is unknown. We have shown previously that the commensal gut microbiota enhances TH17/IL17A immune response effects in marrow and liver that have procatabolic/antianabolic actions in the skeleton. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a specific commensal gut bacterium within phylum Firmicutes, potently induces TH17/IL17A‐mediated immunity. The study purpose was to delineate the influence of SFB on commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions regulating normal postpubertal skeletal development. Two murine models were utilized: SFB‐monoassociated mice versus germ‐free (GF) mice and specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) mice +/− SFB. SFB colonization was validated by 16S rDNA analysis, and SFB‐induced TH17/IL17A immunity was confirmed by upregulation of Il17a in ileum and IL17A in serum. SFB‐colonized mice had an osteopenic trabecular bone phenotype, which was attributed to SFB actions suppressing osteoblastogenesis and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Intriguingly, SFB‐colonized mice had increased expression of proinflammatory chemokines and acute‐phase reactants in the liver. Lipocalin‐2 (LCN2), an acute‐phase reactant and antimicrobial peptide, was substantially elevated in the liver and serum of SFB‐colonized mice, which supports the notion that SFB regulation of commensal gut microbiota osteoimmunomodulatory actions are mediated in part through a gut–liver–bone axis. Proinflammatory TH17 and TH1 cells were increased in liver‐draining lymph nodes of SFB‐colonized mice, which further substantiates that SFB osteoimmune‐response effects may be mediated through the liver. SFB‐induction of Il17a in the gut and Lcn2 in the liver resulted in increased circulating levels of IL17A and LCN2. Recognizing that IL17A and LCN2 support osteoclastogenesis/suppress osteoblastogenesis, SFB actions impairing postpubertal skeletal development appear to be mediated through immunomodulatory effects in both the gut and liver. This research reveals that specific microbes critically impact commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions regulating normal postpubertal skeletal growth and maturation. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Nicole A Poulides
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Matthew D Carson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Joy E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Amy J Warner
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Brooks A Swanson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Eliza V Taylor
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Michael E Chew
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Sakamuri V Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
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19
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CD8+ T lymphocytes enhance the anabolic effect of intermittent parathyroid hormone on cementoblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Steinkamp HM, Chavez MB, Poulides NA, Kirkpatrick JE, Chew ME, Huang E, Alekseyenko AV, Aguirre JI, Novince CM. Antibiotic Perturbation of Gut Microbiota Dysregulates Osteoimmune Cross Talk in Postpubertal Skeletal Development. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:370-390. [PMID: 30660331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Commensal gut microbiota-host immune responses are experimentally delineated via gnotobiotic animal models or alternatively by antibiotic perturbation of gut microbiota. Osteoimmunology investigations in germ-free mice, revealing that gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions critically regulate physiologic skeletal development, highlight that antibiotic perturbation of gut microbiota may dysregulate normal osteoimmunological processes. We investigated the impact of antibiotic disruption of gut microbiota on osteoimmune response effects in postpubertal skeletal development. Sex-matched C57BL/6T mice were administered broad-spectrum antibiotics or vehicle-control from the age of 6 to 12 weeks. Antibiotic alterations in gut bacterial composition and skeletal morphology were sex dependent. Antibiotics did not influence osteoblastogenesis or endochondral bone formation, but notably enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Unchanged Tnf or Ccl3 expression in marrow and elevated tumor necrosis factor-α and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 in serum indicated that the pro-osteoclastic effects of the antibiotics are driven by increased systemic inflammation. Antibiotic-induced broad changes in adaptive and innate immune cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen demonstrated that the perturbation of gut microbiota drives a state of dysbiotic hyperimmune response at secondary lymphoid tissues draining local gut and systemic circulation. Antibiotics up-regulated the myeloid-derived suppressor cells, immature myeloid progenitor cells known for immunosuppressive properties in pathophysiologic inflammatory conditions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated immunosuppression can be antigen specific. Therefore, antibiotic-induced broad suppression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen presentation genes in bone marrow discerns that antibiotic perturbation of gut microbiota dysregulates critical osteoimmune cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina; Endocrinology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Heidi M Steinkamp
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nicole A Poulides
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina; Endocrinology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Joy E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael E Chew
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Emily Huang
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jose I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina; Endocrinology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina.
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21
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Lombardi G, Ziemann E, Banfi G. Physical Activity and Bone Health: What Is the Role of Immune System? A Narrative Review of the Third Way. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30792697 PMCID: PMC6374307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue can be seen as a physiological hub of several stimuli of different origin (e.g., dietary, endocrine, nervous, immune, skeletal muscle traction, biomechanical load). Their integration, at the bone level, results in: (i) changes in mineral and protein composition and microarchitecture and, consequently, in shape and strength; (ii) modulation of calcium and phosphorous release into the bloodstream, (iii) expression and release of hormones and mediators able to communicate the current bone status to the rest of the body. Different stimuli are able to act on either one or, as usual, more levels. Physical activity is the key stimulus for bone metabolism acting in two ways: through the biomechanical load which resolves into a direct stimulation of the segment(s) involved and through an indirect load mediated by muscle traction onto the bone, which is the main physiological stimulus for bone formation, and the endocrine stimulation which causes homeostatic adaptation. The third way, in which physical activity is able to modify bone functions, passes through the immune system. It is known that immune function is modulated by physical activity; however, two recent insights have shed new light on this modulation. The first relies on the discovery of inflammasomes, receptors/sensors of the innate immunity that regulate caspase-1 activation and are, hence, the tissue triggers of inflammation in response to infections and/or stressors. The second relies on the ability of certain tissues, and particularly skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, to synthesize and secrete mediators (namely, myokines and adipokines) able to affect, profoundly, the immune function. Physical activity is known to act on both these mechanisms and, hence, its effects on bone are also mediated by the immune system activation. Indeed, that immune system and bone are tightly connected and inflammation is pivotal in determining the bone metabolic status is well-known. The aim of this narrative review is to give a complete view of the exercise-dependent immune system-mediated effects on bone metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Lombardi
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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22
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Gargiuli C, Schena E, Mattioli E, Columbaro M, D'Apice MR, Novelli G, Greggi T, Lattanzi G. Lamins and bone disorders: current understanding and perspectives. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22817-22831. [PMID: 29854317 PMCID: PMC5978267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C is a major constituent of the nuclear lamina implicated in a number of genetic diseases, collectively known as laminopathies. The most severe forms of laminopathies feature, among other symptoms, congenital scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteolysis or delayed cranial ossification. Importantly, specific bone districts are typically affected in laminopathies. Spine is severely affected in LMNA-linked congenital muscular dystrophy. Mandible, terminal phalanges and clavicles undergo osteolytic processes in progeroid laminopathies and Restrictive Dermopathy, a lethal developmental laminopathy. This specificity suggests that lamin A/C regulates fine mechanisms of bone turnover, as supported by data showing that lamin A/C mutations activate non-canonical pathways of osteoclastogenesis, as the one dependent on TGF beta 2. Here, we review current knowledge on laminopathies affecting bone and LMNA involvement in bone turnover and highlight lamin-dependent mechanisms causing bone disorders. This knowledge can be exploited to identify new therapeutic approaches not only for laminopathies, but also for other rare diseases featuring bone abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gargiuli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Greggi
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Spine Deformity Department, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
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23
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Srivastava RK, Dar HY, Mishra PK. Immunoporosis: Immunology of Osteoporosis-Role of T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:657. [PMID: 29675022 PMCID: PMC5895643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of immune system in various bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis is now well established. This had led to the emergence of a modern field of systems biology called as osteoimmunology, an integrated research between fields of immunology and bone biology under one umbrella. Osteoporosis is one of the most common inflammatory bone loss condition with more than 200 million individuals affected worldwide. T helper (Th) cells along with various other immune cells are major players involved in bone homeostasis. In the present review, we specifically discuss the role of various defined T lymphocyte subsets (Th cells comprising Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, regulatory T cells, follicular helper T cells, natural killer T cells, γδ T cells, and CD8+ T cells) in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. The study of the specific role of immune system in osteoporosis has now been proposed by our group as “immunoporosis: the immunology of osteoporosis” with special emphasis on the role of various subsets of T lymphocytes. The establishment of this new field had been need of the hour due to the emergence of novel roles of various T cell lymphocytes in accelerated bone loss observed during osteoporosis. Activated T cells either directly or indirectly through the secretion of various cytokines and factors modulate bone health and thereby regulate bone remodeling. Several studies have summarized the role of inflammation in pathogenesis of osteoporosis but very few reports had delineated the precise role of various T cell subsets in the pathobiology of osteoporosis. The present review thus for the first time clearly highlights and summarizes the role of various T lymphocytes in the development and pathophysiology of osteoporosis, giving birth to a new field of biology termed as “immunoporosis”. This novel field will thus provide an overview of the nexus between the cellular components of both bone and immune systems, responsible for the observed bone loss in osteoporosis. A molecular insight into the upcoming and novel field of immunoporosis would thus leads to development of innovative approaches for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh K Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Hamid Y Dar
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
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24
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Henderson B, Kaiser F. Bacterial modulators of bone remodeling in the periodontal pocket. Periodontol 2000 2017; 76:97-108. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Abstract
Osteoporosis increases fracture risk, a cause of crippling morbidity and mortality. The immunoskeletal interface (ISI) is a centralization of cell and cytokine effectors shared between skeletal and immune systems. Consequently, the immune system mediates powerful effects on bone turnover. Physiologically, B cells secrete osteoprotegerin (OPG), a potent anti-osteoclastogenic factor that preserves bone mass. However, activated T cells and B cells secrete pro-osteoclastogenic factors including receptor activator of Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) ligand (RANKL), Interleukin (IL)-17A, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α promoting bone loss in inflammatory states such as rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, ISI disruption has been linked to osteoporosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), where elevated B cell RANKL and diminished OPG drive bone resorption. HIV-antiretroviral therapy paradoxically intensifies bone loss during disease reversal, as immune reconstitution produces osteoclastogenic cytokines. Interestingly, in estrogen deficiency, activated T cells secrete RANKL, TNF, and IL-17A that amplify bone resorption and contribute to postmenopausal osteoporosis. T cell-produced TNF and IL-17A further contribute to bone loss in hyperparathyroidism, while T cell production of the anabolic Wingless integration site (Wnt) ligand, Wnt10b, promotes bone formation in response to anabolic parathyroid hormone and the immunomodulatory costimulation inhibitor cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4-IgG (abatacept). These findings provide a window into the workings of the ISI and suggest novel targets for future therapeutic interventions to reduce fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neale Weitzmann
- 1 Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- T John Martin
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Fitzroy, Australia
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27
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Drake MT, Clarke BL, Oursler MJ, Khosla S. Cathepsin K Inhibitors for Osteoporosis: Biology, Potential Clinical Utility, and Lessons Learned. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:325-350. [PMID: 28651365 PMCID: PMC5546879 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease member of the cathepsin lysosomal protease family. Although cathepsin K is highly expressed in osteoclasts, lower levels of cathepsin K are also found in a variety of other tissues. Secretion of cathepsin K from the osteoclast into the sealed osteoclast-bone cell interface results in efficient degradation of type I collagen. The absence of cathepsin K activity in humans results in pycnodysostosis, characterized by increased bone mineral density and fractures. Pharmacologic cathepsin K inhibition leads to continuous increases in bone mineral density for ≤5 years of treatment and improves bone strength at the spine and hip. Compared with other antiresorptive agents, cathepsin K inhibition is nearly equally efficacious for reducing biochemical markers of bone resorption but comparatively less active for reducing bone formation markers. Despite multiple efforts to develop cathepsin K inhibitors, potential concerns related to off-target effects of the inhibitors against other cathepsins and cathepsin K inhibition at nonbone sites, including skin and perhaps cardiovascular and cerebrovascular sites, prolonged the regulatory approval process. A large multinational randomized, double-blind phase III study of odanacatib in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was recently completed. Although that study demonstrated clinically relevant reductions in fractures at multiple sites, odanacatib was ultimately withdrawn from the regulatory approval process after it was found to be associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents. Nonetheless, the underlying biology and clinical effects of cathepsin K inhibition remain of considerable interest and could guide future therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Drake
- Division of Endocrinology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Bart L. Clarke
- Division of Endocrinology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Merry Jo Oursler
- Division of Endocrinology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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28
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Novince CM, Whittow CR, Aartun JD, Hathaway JD, Poulides N, Chavez MB, Steinkamp HM, Kirkwood KA, Huang E, Westwater C, Kirkwood KL. Commensal Gut Microbiota Immunomodulatory Actions in Bone Marrow and Liver have Catabolic Effects on Skeletal Homeostasis in Health. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5747. [PMID: 28720797 PMCID: PMC5515851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite knowledge the gut microbiota regulates bone mass, mechanisms governing the normal gut microbiota’s osteoimmunomodulatory effects on skeletal remodeling and homeostasis are unclear in the healthy adult skeleton. Young adult specific-pathogen-free and germ-free mice were used to delineate the commensal microbiota’s immunoregulatory effects on osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, marrow T-cell hematopoiesis, and extra-skeletal endocrine organ function. We report the commensal microbiota has anti-anabolic effects suppressing osteoblastogenesis and pro-catabolic effects enhancing osteoclastogenesis, which drive bone loss in health. Suppression of Sp7(Osterix) and Igf1 in bone, and serum IGF1, in specific-pathogen-free mice suggest the commensal microbiota’s anti-osteoblastic actions are mediated via local disruption of IGF1-signaling. Differences in the RANKL/OPG Axis in vivo, and RANKL-induced maturation of osteoclast-precursors in vitro, indicate the commensal microbiota induces sustained changes in RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Candidate mechanisms mediating commensal microbiota’s pro-osteoclastic actions include altered marrow effector CD4+T-cells and a novel Gut-Liver-Bone Axis. The previously unidentified Gut-Liver-Bone Axis intriguingly implies the normal gut microbiota’s osteoimmunomodulatory actions are partly mediated via immunostimulatory effects in the liver. The molecular underpinnings defining commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions on physiologic bone remodeling are highly relevant in advancing the understanding of normal osteoimmunological processes, having implications for the prevention of skeletal deterioration in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA.
| | - Carolyn R Whittow
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Johannes D Aartun
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Jessica D Hathaway
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Nicole Poulides
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Heidi M Steinkamp
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Kaeleigh A Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
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29
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Wolf M, Lossdörfer S, Marciniak J, Römer P, Kirschneck C, Craveiro R, Deschner J, Jäger A. CD8+ T cells mediate the regenerative PTH effect in hPDL cells via Wnt10b signaling. Innate Immun 2017; 22:674-681. [PMID: 28071181 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916669417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It was the aim of the present investigation to examine whether the stimulating effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cell proliferation and differentiation would be enhanced by hPDL/T-cell interaction involving Wnt10b signaling as a mediating pathway. hPDL cells were cultured from healthy premolar tissues of three adolescent orthodontic patients and exposed to PTH(1-34) in monocultures or co-cultures with CD8+ T cells. At harvest, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase-specific activity (ALP), and osteocalcin production were determined by immunofluorescence cytochemistry, real-time PCR, biochemical assay, and ELISA. Wnt10b signaling was analyzed by the use of a specific WNT10b neutralizing antibody. PTH(1-34) stimulation of T cells significantly increased Wnt10b expression and production. Wnt10b exposure of hPDL cells enhanced proliferation and differentiation. PDL cells co-cultured with T cells showed a Wnt10b-dependent regulation of proliferation and differentiation parameters. The addition of a Wnt10b-neutralizing Ab to the co-culture medium resulted in a significant inhibition of the PTH(1-34) effect on proliferation, ALP-specific activity, and osteocalcin protein expression. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of action of PTH on hPDL cells and establish the interplay of T cells and hPDL cells via the Wnt10b pathway as a modulating factor for the anabolic properties of the hormone in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wolf
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Orthodontics, University of Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jana Marciniak
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Piero Römer
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Rogerio Craveiro
- 4 Clinic for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- 5 Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Germany
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30
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Meshcheryakova A, Mechtcheriakova D, Pietschmann P. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in bone remodeling: multifaceted roles and therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:725-737. [PMID: 28524744 PMCID: PMC5470107 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1332180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sphingolipids belong to a complex class of lipid molecules that are crucially involved in the regulation of important biological processes including proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Given the significant progress made in understanding the sphingolipid pathobiology of several diseases, sphingolipid-related checkpoints emerge as attractive targets. Recent data indicate the multifaceted contribution of the sphingolipid machinery to osteoclast – osteoblast crosstalk, representing one of the pivotal interactions underlying bone homeostasis. Imbalances in the interplay of osteoblasts and osteoclasts might lead to bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and bone metastases. Areas covered: We summarize and analyze the progress made in bone research in the context of the current knowledge of sphingolipid-related mechanisms regulating bone remodeling. Particular emphasis was given to bioactive sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptors (S1PRs). Moreover, the mechanisms of how dysregulations of this machinery cause bone diseases, are covered. Expert opinion: In the context of bone diseases, pharmacological interference with sphingolipid machinery may lead to novel directions in therapeutic strategies. Implementation of knowledge derived from in vivo animal models and in vitro studies using pharmacological agents to manipulate the S1P/S1PRs axes suggests S1PR2 and S1PR3 as potential drug targets, particularly in conjunction with technology for local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Meshcheryakova
- a Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Diana Mechtcheriakova
- a Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- a Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes studies into the permissive role of T cells in the bone catabolic effects of hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone (PTH). RECENT FINDINGS Work in animals combined with recent translational studies in humans now highlight the potent amplificatory action of T cells on PTH-induced bone resorption. Mechanistic animal studies reveal a complex pathway by which PTH exploits natural self-renewal functions of CD4+ T cells, to drive TNFα production that promotes formation of IL-17A secreting Th17 T cells. TNFα and IL-17 further amplify osteoblastic receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) production and down-modulate osteoprotegerin (OPG), establishing conditions propitious for osteoclastic bone resorption. These findings are consistent with, and add to, the traditional view of PTH-induced bone loss involving only osteoblast-lineage cells. T cells potently amplify traditional pathways and provide permissive costimulatory signals to bone marrow stromal cells, facilitating the development of an increased RANKL/OPG ratio favourable to bone resorption and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neale Weitzmann
- Atlanta U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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33
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Abstract
Osteoporosis develops when the rate of osteoclastic bone breakdown (resorption) exceeds that of osteoblastic bone formation, which leads to loss of BMD and deterioration of bone structure and strength. Osteoporosis increases the risk of fragility fractures, a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly patients. This imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption is brought about by natural ageing processes, but is frequently exacerbated by a number of pathological conditions. Of importance to the aetiology of osteoporosis are findings over the past two decades attesting to a deep integration of the skeletal system with the immune system (the immuno-skeletal interface (ISI)). Although protective of the skeleton under physiological conditions, the ISI might contribute to bone destruction in a growing number of pathophysiological states. Although numerous research groups have investigated how the immune system affects basal and pathological osteoclastic bone resorption, recent findings suggest that the reach of the adaptive immune response extends to the regulation of osteoblastic bone formation. This Review examines the evolution of the field of osteoimmunology and how advances in our understanding of the ISI might lead to novel approaches to prevent and treat bone loss, and avert fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neale Weitzmann
- The Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, Georgia, 30033, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMB, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Ighovwerha Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
- Grady Healthcare System, 80 Jesse Hill Jr Drive SE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, USA
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34
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Kotrych D, Dziedziejko V, Safranow K, Sroczynski T, Staniszewska M, Juzyszyn Z, Pawlik A. TNF-α and IL10 gene polymorphisms in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 199:92-5. [PMID: 26914399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Proinflammatory cytokines are among the significant factors involved in bone turnover. They are the stimulants of bone resorption, acting directly on osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors. In this study, we examined the TNF-α (-308G>A) (rs1800629) and IL10 (-1082G>A) (rs1800896), (-592C>A) (rs1800872) polymorphisms in postmenopausal women with BMD T-scores less than and greater than or equal to -2.5 SD. STUDY DESIGN This study included 224 postmenopausal women with BMD T-scores lower than -2.5 SD (mean: -3.02±0.53) and 238 postmenopausal women with BMD T-scores -2.5 SD and greater (mean: -1.33±0.51). RESULTS There was a decrease in the frequency of IL10 1082 G allele carriers (GG and GA genotypes) in women with T-scores below -2.5 SD (GG+GA vs AA: OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.44-0.97, p=0.037). With regard to the TNF-α -308 G>A polymorphism, in the women with T-scores below -2.5 SD, the increased frequency of GG homozygotes and G allele carriers was detected (AA+GA vs GG: OR=0.54, 95% CI=0.35-0.82, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest an association between TNF-α -308G>A and IL10 -1082G>A polymorphisms and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kotrych
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Orthopaedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sroczynski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Zygmunt Juzyszyn
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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35
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Rapp AE, Bindl R, Recknagel S, Erbacher A, Müller I, Schrezenmeier H, Ehrnthaller C, Gebhard F, Ignatius A. Fracture Healing Is Delayed in Immunodeficient NOD/scid‑IL2Rγcnull Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147465. [PMID: 26849055 PMCID: PMC4744061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Following bone fracture, the repair process starts with an inflammatory reaction at the fracture site. Fracture healing is disturbed when the initial inflammation is increased or prolonged, whereby, a balanced inflammatory response is anticipated to be crucial for fracture healing, because it may induce down-stream responses leading to tissue repair. However, the impact of the immune response on fracture healing remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated bone healing in NOD/scid-IL2Rγcnull mice, which exhibit severe defects in innate and adaptive immunity, by biomechanical testing, histomorphometry and micro-computed tomography. We demonstrated that NOD/scid-IL2Rγcnull mice exhibited normal skeletal anatomy and a mild bone phenotype with a slightly reduced bone mass in the trabecular compartment in comparison to immunocompetent Balb/c mice. Fracture healing was impaired in immunodeficient NOD/scid-IL2Rγcnull mice. Callus bone content was unaffected during the early healing stage, whereas it was significantly reduced during the later healing period. Concomitantly, the amount of cartilage was significantly increased, indicating delayed endochondral ossification, most likely due to the decreased osteoclast activity observed in cells isolated from NOD/scid-IL2Rγcnull mice. Our results suggest that—under aseptic, uncomplicated conditions—the immediate immune response after fracture is non-essential for the initiation of bone formation. However, an intact immune system in general is important for successful bone healing, because endochondral ossification is delayed in immunodeficient NOD/scid-IL2Rγcnull mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Rapp
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ronny Bindl
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Recknagel
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Erbacher
- Department of General Paediatrics, Haematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Müller
- Clinic for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and University Hospital Ulm, Baden Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Ehrnthaller
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Gebhard
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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36
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Pacifici R. T cells, osteoblasts, and osteocytes: interacting lineages key for the bone anabolic and catabolic activities of parathyroid hormone. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1364:11-24. [PMID: 26662934 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is a field of research dedicated to the study of the interactions between the immune system and bone. Among the cells of the immune system that regulate bone turnover and the responsiveness of bone cells to calciothropic hormones are bone marrow T lymphocytes. T cells secrete osteoclastogenic cytokines such as RANKL and TNF-α, as well as factors that stimulate bone formation, one of which is Wnt10b. In addition, T cells regulate the differentiation and life span of stromal cells (SCs) and their responsiveness to parathyroid hormone (PTH) via costimulatory molecules expressed on their surface. The conditioning effect of T cells on SCs is inherited by the osteoblastic and osteocytic progeny of SCs. As a result, osteoblastic cells of T cell-deficient mice have functional characteristics different from corresponding cells of T cell-replete mice. These differences include the ratio of RANKL/OPG produced in response to continuous PTH treatment, and the osteoblastogenic response to intermittent PTH treatment. This article reviews the evidence indicating that the effects of PTH are mediated not only by osteoblasts and osteocytes but also by T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Lai N, Zhang J, Ma X, Wang B, Miao X, Wang Z, Guo Y, Wang L, Yao C, Li X, Jiang G. Regulatory Effect of Catalpol on Th1/Th2 cells in Mice with Bone Loss Induced by Estrogen Deficiency. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 74:487-98. [PMID: 26303620 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Estradiol (E2 ) deficiency can cause bone loss and the skew of Th1/Th2 cells. However, the correlation between the Th1/Th2 cells and the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of Th1/Th2 in bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and elucidated the therapeutical effect of catalpol in this condition. METHOD OF STUDY Young, sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized (Ovx), and naturally aged mice, treated with catalpol at different doses or control vehicle, were used in this study as indicated in each experiment. ELISA assay, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and flow cytometry were used to analyze E2 , C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx-I), bone mineral density (BMD), and Th1/Th2 subsets, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of specific transcription factors for Th1/Th2 cells (T-bet and GATA-3) were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Bone mineral density and E2 levels positively correlated with the proportion of Th2 subset while negatively correlated with that of Th1 subset and the ratio of Th1/Th2. Catalpol alleviated bone loss effectively by regulating Th1/Th2 polarization. Catalpol promoted the expression of Th2-specific transcription factors while inhibited that associated with Th1. CONCLUSION Th1/Th2 skew is involved in bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency. Catalpol alleviates bone loss effectively by regulating Th1/Th2 paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Lai
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Jinan University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Xingyan Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuming Miao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chengfang Yao
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Buchwald ZS, Yang C, Nellore S, Shashkova EV, Davis JL, Cline A, Ko J, Novack DV, DiPaolo R, Aurora R. A Bone Anabolic Effect of RANKL in a Murine Model of Osteoporosis Mediated Through FoxP3+ CD8 T Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1508-22. [PMID: 25656537 PMCID: PMC4506715 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TNF-α and IL-17 secreted by proinflammatory T cells (T(EFF)) promote bone erosion by activating osteoclasts. We previously demonstrated that in addition to bone resorption, osteoclasts act as antigen-presenting cells to induce FoxP3 in CD8 T cells (Tc(REG)). The osteoclast-induced regulatory CD8 T cells limit bone resorption in ovariectomized mice (a murine model of postmenopausal osteoporosis). Here we show that although low-dose receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) maximally induces Tc(REG) via Notch signaling pathway to limit bone resorption, high-dose RANKL promotes bone resorption. In vitro, both TNF-α and IL-17, cytokines that are abundant in ovariectomized animals, suppress Tc(REG) induction by osteoclasts by repressing Notch ligand expression in osteoclasts, but this effect can be counteracted by addition of RANKL. Ovariectomized mice treated with low-dose RANKL induced Tc(REG) that suppressed bone resorption, decreased T(EFF) levels, and increased bone formation. High-dose RANKL had the expected osteolytic effect. Low-dose RANKL administration in ovariectomized mice lacking CD8 T cells was also osteolytic, confirming that Tc(REG) mediate this bone anabolic effect. Our results show that although RANKL directly stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone, it also controls the osteoclasts' ability to induce regulatory T cells, engaging an important negative feedback loop. In addition to the conceivable clinical relevance to treatment of osteoporosis, these observations have potential relevance to induction of tolerance and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Buchwald
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
| | - Chang Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Suman Nellore
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
| | - Elena V. Shashkova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer L. Davis
- Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Anna Cline
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
| | - Je Ko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
| | - Deborah V. Novack
- Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Richard DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
| | - Rajeev Aurora
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
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Khosla S. New Insights Into Androgen and Estrogen Receptor Regulation of the Male Skeleton. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1134-7. [PMID: 25857392 PMCID: PMC4758667 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lai N, Zhang Z, Wang B, Miao X, Guo Y, Yao C, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma R, Li X, Jiang G. Regulatory effect of traditional Chinese medicinal formula Zuo-Gui-Wan on the Th17/Treg paradigm in mice with bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:228-239. [PMID: 25824592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bone loss is a common pathological condition induced by estrogen deficiency. The Th17/Treg paradigm, which can be skewed by estrogen, plays an important role in regulating bone metabolism AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the Th17/Treg shift in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mouse models and to elucidate the immunopharmacologic mechanism of Zuo-Gui-Wan (ZGW) in preventing bone loss in this process by regulating Th17/Treg paradigm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Splenocytes of ovariectomized (Ovx) mice and naturally aged mice were isolated and Flow cytometry was used to detect the Th17/Treg subsets. In addition, serum estrodiol (E2) and serum C-terminal telopeptides of type Ι collagen (CTx) were detected by ELISA assay. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the left tibiae was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Moreover, Ovx mice were administrated with different doses of ZGW for 12 weeks, and BMD and Th17/Treg subsets were determined. Bone histomorphometry was observed by Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and serum protein levels of IL-6 were analyzed by ELISA assay. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of RORγt and Foxp3 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. RESULT The Th17/Treg paradigm shifted to Th17 in estrogen-deficient mice both in the Ovx mice and the naturally aged mice. BMD and E2 levels negatively correlated with the Th17/Treg ratio. After ZGW administration, the BMD was enhanced markedly in the Ovx mice as well as in the naturally aged mice. Both the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6 and RORγt were decreased, whereas those of Foxp3 were increased significantly after ZGW administration. CONCLUSION Th17/Treg shift involved in the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency. ZGW prevented bone loss efficiently and skewed Th17/Treg paradigm towards Treg without enhancing E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Lai
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Department of reproductive center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 42 Wenhua xi Road, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Xiuming Miao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 42 Wenhua xi Road, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Chengfang Yao
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Ruiping Ma
- Qianfo Hospital of Shandong Province, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China.
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs of the Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China.
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Silva BC, Bilezikian JP. Parathyroid hormone: anabolic and catabolic actions on the skeleton. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 22:41-50. [PMID: 25854704 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for the maintenance of calcium homeostasis through, in part, its actions to regulate bone remodeling. While PTH stimulates both bone formation and bone resorption, the duration and periodicity of exposure to PTH governs the net effect on bone mass, that is whether it is catabolic or anabolic. PTH receptor signaling in osteoblasts and osteocytes can increase the RANKL/OPG ratio, increasing both osteoclast recruitment and osteoclast activity, and thereby stimulating bone resorption. In contrast, PTH-induced bone formation is explained, at least in part, by its ability to downregulate SOST/sclerostin expression in osteocytes, permitting the anabolic Wnt signaling pathway to proceed. The two modes of administration of PTH, that is, continuous vs. intermittent, can regulate, in bone cells, different sets of genes; alternatively, the same sets of genes exposed to PTH in sustained vs. transient way, will favor bone resorption or bone formation, respectively. This article reviews the effects of PTH on bone cells that lead to these dual catabolic and anabolic actions on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Silva
- Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte and Felicio Rocho Hospital, Division of Endocrinology, Brazil
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States.
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Charles JF, Ermann J, Aliprantis AO. The intestinal microbiome and skeletal fitness: Connecting bugs and bones. Clin Immunol 2015; 159:163-9. [PMID: 25840106 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances have dramatically increased our understanding of how organ systems interact. This has been especially true for immunology and bone biology, where the term "osteoimmunology" was coined to capture this relationship. The importance of the microbiome to the immune system has also emerged as a driver of health and disease. It makes sense therefore to ask the question: how does the intestinal microbiome influence bone biology and does dysbiosis promote bone disease? Surprisingly, few studies have analyzed this connection. A broader interpretation of this question reveals many mechanisms whereby the microbiome may affect bone cells. These include effects of the microbiome on immune cells, including myeloid progenitors and Th17 cells, as well as steroid hormones, fatty acids, serotonin and vitamin D. As mechanistic interactions of the microbiome and skeletal system are revealed within and without the immune system, novel strategies to optimize skeletal fitness may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F Charles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, One Jimmy Fund Way, Rm650A, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joerg Ermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, One Jimmy Fund Way, Rm650A, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonios O Aliprantis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, One Jimmy Fund Way, Rm650A, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Robinson JW, Li JY, Walker LD, Tyagi AM, Reott MA, Yu M, Adams J, Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R. T cell-expressed CD40L potentiates the bone anabolic activity of intermittent PTH treatment. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:695-705. [PMID: 25359628 PMCID: PMC4376617 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
T cells are known to potentiate the bone anabolic activity of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment. One of the involved mechanisms is increased T cell secretion of Wnt10b, a potent osteogenic Wnt ligand that activates Wnt signaling in stromal cells (SCs). However, additional mechanisms might play a role, including direct interactions between surface receptors expressed by T cells and SCs. Here we show that iPTH failed to promote SC proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts (OBs) and activate Wnt signaling in SCs of mice with a global or T cell-specific deletion of the T cell costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand (CD40L). Attesting to the relevance of T cell-expressed CD40L, iPTH induced a blunted increase in bone formation and failed to increase trabecular bone volume in CD40L(-/-) mice and mice with a T cell-specific deletion of CD40L. CD40L null mice exhibited a blunted increase in T cell production of Wnt10b and abrogated CD40 signaling in SCs in response to iPTH treatment. Therefore, expression of the T cell surface receptor CD40L enables iPTH to exert its bone anabolic activity by activating CD40 signaling in SCs and maximally stimulating T cell production of Wnt10b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerid W Robinson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Alwood JS, Shahnazari M, Chicana B, Schreurs AS, Kumar A, Bartolini A, Shirazi-Fard Y, Globus RK. Ionizing Radiation Stimulates Expression of Pro-Osteoclastogenic Genes in Marrow and Skeletal Tissue. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:480-7. [PMID: 25734366 PMCID: PMC4490751 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation can cause rapid mineral loss and increase bone-resorbing osteoclasts within metabolically active, cancellous bone tissue leading to structural deficits. To better understand mechanisms involved in rapid, radiation-induced bone loss, we determined the influence of total body irradiation on expression of select cytokines known both to stimulate osteoclastogenesis and contribute to inflammatory bone disease. Adult (16 week), male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to either 2 Gy gamma rays ((137)Cs, 0.8 Gy/min) or heavy ions ((56)Fe, 600MeV, 0.50-1.1 Gy/min); this dose corresponds to either a single fraction of radiotherapy (typical total dose is ≥10 Gy) or accumulates over long-duration interplanetary missions. Serum, marrow, and mineralized tissue were harvested 4 h-7 days later. Gamma irradiation caused a prompt (2.6-fold within 4 h) and persistent (peaking at 4.1-fold within 1 day) rise in the expression of the obligate osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (Rankl), within marrow cells over controls. Similarly, Rankl expression peaked in marrow cells within 3 days of iron exposure (9.2-fold). Changes in Rankl expression induced by gamma irradiation preceded and overlapped with a rise in expression of other pro-osteoclastic cytokines in marrow (eg, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 increased by 11.9-fold, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased by 1.7-fold over controls). The ratio, Rankl/Opg, in marrow increased by 1.8-fold, a net pro-resorption balance. In the marrow, expression of the antioxidant transcription factor, Nfe2l2, strongly correlated with expression levels of Nfatc1, Csf1, Tnf, and Rankl. Radiation exposure increased a serum marker of bone resorption (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) and led to cancellous bone loss (16% decrement after 1 week). We conclude that total body irradiation (gamma or heavy-ion) caused temporal elevations in the concentrations of specific genes expressed within marrow and mineralized tissue related to bone resorption, including select cytokines that lead to osteoclastogenesis and elevated resorption; this is likely to account for rapid and progressive deterioration of cancellous microarchitecture following exposure to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Alwood
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory , Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
| | - Mohammad Shahnazari
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory , Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
| | - Betsabel Chicana
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory , Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
| | - A S Schreurs
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory , Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory , Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
| | - Alana Bartolini
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory , Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
| | - Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory , Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory , Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
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Osteoporosis and fractures in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS 2014; 28:2119-31. [PMID: 24977441 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence that fracture risk is increased in individuals with HIV and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine whether prevalence of osteoporosis and incidence of fracture is increased in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A search was performed of Medline, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases, as well as of abstracts from annual retroviral, liver and bone meetings (up to 2013) for studies with bone mineral density (BMD) or bone fracture data for HIV/ HCV-coinfected individuals. Osteoporosis odds ratios (ORs) and fracture incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated from studies with data on HIV-monoinfected or HIV/HCV uninfected comparison groups. RESULTS Of 15 included studies, nine reported BMD data and six reported fracture data. For HIV/HCV-coinfected, the estimated osteoporosis prevalence was 22% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 12–31] and the crude OR for osteoporosis compared with HIV-monoinfected was 1.63 (95% CI 1.27-2.11). The pooled IRR of overall fracture risk for HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals was 1.77 (95% CI 1.44-2.18) compared with HIV-monoinfected and 2.95 (95% CI 2.17-4.01) compared with uninfected individuals. In addition to HIV/HCV-coinfection, older age, lower BMI, smoking, alcohol and substance use were significant predictors of osteoporosis and fractures across studies. CONCLUSION HIV/HCV coinfection is associated with a greater risk of osteoporosis and fracture than HIV monoinfection; fracture risk is even greater than uninfected controls. These data suggest that HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals should be targeted for fracture prevention through risk factor modification at all ages and DXA screening at age 50.
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Adeel S, Singh K, Vydareny KH, Kumari M, Shah E, Weitzmann MN, Tangpricha V. Bone loss in surgically ovariectomized premenopausal women is associated with T lymphocyte activation and thymic hypertrophy. J Investig Med 2014; 61:1178-83. [PMID: 24141238 DOI: 10.2310/jim.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with estrogen deficiency and rapid bone loss. The mechanism by which estrogen deficiency results in bone loss has not been fully explained. Studies in mice rendered acutely estrogen deficient by ovariectomy have suggested that estrogen deficiency results in an activated T-lymphocyte phenotype and increased production of pro-osteoclastic cytokines. The aim of this study was to translate these findings from mouse models that suggest that the T lymphocyte plays an important role in the etiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis. We recruited premenopausal women who underwent ovariectomy for benign gynecologic conditions or for prophylaxis against ovarian cancer and a group of matched control women without ovariectomy (OVX). Subjects provided blood samples to characterize T-lymphocyte phenotype by flow cytometry and for T-lymphocyte culture and collection of conditioned media. Bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and left femoral neck was performed annually for 2 years, and volumetric measurements by computed tomography (CT) of the thymus were obtained during the first 6 months. We enrolled 6 patients who underwent OVX and 13 control women. The OVX subjects had a significant loss of bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and left femoral neck. The volumetric thymus measurements suggested an increase in thymus size in the OVX subjects but did not reach statistical significance owing to the small sample size. The T-lymphocyte phenotype in the OVX subjects demonstrated increased T-lymphocyte activation by flow cytometry compared to the control subjects. Our findings support the hypothesis that estrogen deficiency leads to an activated T-lymphocyte phenotype, which may contribute to the bone loss seen in estrogen deficiency. Larger clinical studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Adeel
- From the *Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, †Department of Surgery, and ‡Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; and §Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA
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Ramayo-Caldas Y, Fortes MRS, Hudson NJ, Porto-Neto LR, Bolormaa S, Barendse W, Kelly M, Moore SS, Goddard ME, Lehnert SA, Reverter A. A marker-derived gene network reveals the regulatory role of PPARGC1A, HNF4G, and FOXP3 in intramuscular fat deposition of beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2832-45. [PMID: 24778332 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High intramuscular fat (IMF) awards price premiums to beef producers and is associated with meat quality and flavor. Studying gene interactions and pathways that affect IMF might unveil causative physiological mechanisms and inform genomic selection, leading to increased accuracy of predictions of breeding value. To study gene interactions and pathways, a gene network was derived from genetic markers associated with direct measures of IMF, other fat phenotypes, feedlot performance, and a number of meat quality traits relating to body conformation, development, and metabolism that might be plausibly expected to interact with IMF biology. Marker associations were inferred from genomewide association studies (GWAS) based on high density genotypes and 29 traits measured on 10,181 beef cattle animals from 3 breed types. For the network inference, SNP pairs were assessed according to the strength of the correlation between their additive association effects across the 29 traits. The co-association inferred network was formed by 2,434 genes connected by 28,283 edges. Topological network parameters suggested a highly cohesive network, in which the genes are strongly functionally interconnected. Pathway and network analyses pointed towards a trio of transcription factors (TF) as key regulators of carcass IMF: PPARGC1A, HNF4G, and FOXP3. Importantly, none of these genes would have been deemed as significantly associated with IMF from the GWAS. Instead, a total of 313 network genes show significant co-association with the 3 TF. These genes belong to a wide variety of biological functions, canonical pathways, and genetic networks linked to IMF-related phenotypes. In summary, our GWAS and network predictions are supported by the current literature and suggest a cooperative role for the 3 TF and other interacting genes including CAPN6, STC2, MAP2K4, EYA1, COPS5, XKR4, NR2E1, TOX, ATF1, ASPH, TGS1, and TTPA as modulators of carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ramayo-Caldas
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship and CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia Departament de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Domaine de Vilvert, Bâtiment GABI-320, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M R S Fortes
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Center for Animal Science, QLD 4062, Australia
| | - N J Hudson
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship and CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - L R Porto-Neto
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship and CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - S Bolormaa
- Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - W Barendse
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship and CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - M Kelly
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Center for Animal Science, QLD 4062, Australia
| | - S S Moore
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Center for Animal Science, QLD 4062, Australia
| | - M E Goddard
- Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - S A Lehnert
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship and CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - A Reverter
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship and CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
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te Winkel ML, Pieters R, Hop WCJ, Roos JC, Bökkerink JPM, Leeuw JA, Bruin MCA, Kollen WJW, Veerman AJP, de Groot-Kruseman HA, van der Sluis IM, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. Bone mineral density at diagnosis determines fracture rate in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to the DCOG-ALL9 protocol. Bone 2014; 59:223-8. [PMID: 24287213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate incidence and risk factors of bone mineral density and fracture risk in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). METHODS Prospectively, cumulative fracture incidence, calculated from diagnosis until one year after cessation of treatment, was assessed in 672 patients. This fracture incidence was compared between subgroups of treatment stratification and age subgroups (Log-Rank test). Serial measurements of bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (BMDLS) were performed in 399 ALL patients using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We evaluated risk factors for a low BMD (multivariate regression analysis). Osteoporosis was defined as a BMDLS≤-2 SDS combined with clinical significant fractures. RESULTS The 3-year cumulative fracture incidence was 17.8%. At diagnosis, mean BMDLS of ALL patients was lower than of healthy peers (mean BMDLS=-1.10 SDS, P<0.001), and remained lower during/after treatment (8months: BMDLS=-1.10 SDS, P<0.001; 24months: BMDLS=-1.27 SDS, P<0.001; 36months: BMDLS=-0.95 SDS, P<0.001). Younger age, lower weight and B-cell-immunophenotype were associated with a lower BMDLS at diagnosis. After correction for weight, height, gender and immunophenotype, stratification to the high risk (HR)-protocol arm and older age lead to a larger decline of BMDLS (HR group: β=-0.52, P<0.01; age: β=-0.16, P<0.001). Cumulative fracture incidences were not different between ALL risk groups and age groups. Patients with fractures had a lower BMDLS during treatment than those without fractures. Treatment-related bone loss was similar in patients with and without fractures (respectively: ΔBMDLS=-0.36 SDS and ΔBMDLS=-0.12 SDS; interaction group time, P=0.30). Twenty of the 399 patients (5%) met the criteria of osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Low values of BMDLS at diagnosis and during treatment, rather than the treatment-related decline of BMDLS, determine the increased fracture risk of 17.8% in children with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariël L te Winkel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Wim C J Hop
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Roos
- Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P M Bökkerink
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, University Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Leeuw
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marrie C A Bruin
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J W Kollen
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anjo J P Veerman
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Inge M van der Sluis
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands.
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Coupling the activities of bone formation and resorption: a multitude of signals within the basic multicellular unit. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:481. [PMID: 24466412 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coupling between bone formation and bone resorption refers to the process within basic multicellular units in which resorption by osteoclasts is met by the generation of osteoblasts from precursors, and their bone-forming activity, which needs to be sufficient to replace the bone lost. There are many sources of activities that contribute to coupling at remodeling sites, including growth factors released from the matrix, soluble and membrane products of osteoclasts and their precursors, signals from osteocytes and from immune cells and signaling taking place within the osteoblast lineage. Coupling is therefore a process that involves the interaction of a wide range of cell types and control mechanisms. As bone remodeling occurs at many sites asynchronously throughout the skeleton, locally generated activities comprise very important control mechanisms. In this review, we explore the potential roles of a number of these factors, including sphingosine-1-phosphate, semaphorins, ephrins, interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokines and marrow-derived factors. Their interactions achieve the essential tight control of coupling within individual remodeling units that is required for control of skeletal mass.
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Critical role for inflammasome-independent IL-1β production in osteomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:1066-71. [PMID: 24395792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318688111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many acute and chronic bone disorders, but the specific inflammatory networks that regulate individual bone disorders remain to be elucidated. Here, we characterized the osteoimmunological underpinnings of osteolytic bone disease in Pstpip2(cmo) mice. These mice carry a homozygous L98P missense mutation in the Pombe Cdc15 homology family phosphatase PSTPIP2 that is responsible for the development of a persistent autoinflammatory disease resembling chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in humans. We found that improper regulation of IL-1β production resulted in secondary induction of inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cell infiltration in the bone, and unremitting bone inflammation. Aberrant Il1β expression precedes the development of osteolytic damage in young Pstpip2(cmo) mice, and genetic deletion of Il1r and Il1β, but not Il1α, rescued osteolytic bone disease in mutant mice. Intriguingly, caspase-1 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 activation in the inflammasome complex were dispensable for Pstpip2(cmo)-mediated bone disease. Thus, our findings establish a critical role for inflammasome-independent production of IL-1β in osteolytic bone disease and identify PSTPIP2 as a negative regulator of caspase-1-autonomous IL-1β production.
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