1
|
Hong J, Luo F, Du X, Xian F, Li X. The immune cells in modulating osteoclast formation and bone metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112151. [PMID: 38685175 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are pivotal in regulating bone metabolism, with immune cells significantly influencing both physiological and pathological processes by modulating osteoclast functions. This is particularly evident in conditions of inflammatory bone resorption, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. This review summarizes and comprehensively analyzes the research progress on the regulation of osteoclast formation by immune cells, aiming to unveil the underlying mechanisms and pathways through which diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, impact bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingyue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fa Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Blais A, Lan A, Boluktas A, Grauso-Culetto M, Chaumontet C, Blachier F, Davila AM. Lactoferrin Supplementation during Gestation and Lactation Is Efficient for Boosting Rat Pup Development. Nutrients 2022; 14:2814. [PMID: 35889770 PMCID: PMC9315504 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein found at relatively high concentrations in human milk. LF, which is little degraded in the infant intestinal lumen, is known to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of the small intestine epithelial cells. The present study was designed to evaluate in the rat model the effects of bovine LF (bLF) given to the mothers during gestation and lactation on the growth of the offspring. Female Wistar rats were randomly separated into two groups of animals that received from mating and during gestation and lactation a standard diet including or not including bLF (10 g/kg of diet). The pups' growth was determined up to postnatal day 17 (PND17), and parameters related to lean and fat mass, intestinal differentiation, intestinal barrier function, bone mineral density, osteoblast activity, and brain development were measured. In addition, metabolites in pup plasma were determined at PND17. bLF was detected in the plasma and milk of the supplemented mothers as well as in the pup plasma. Although the body weight of the pups in the two groups did not differ at birth, the pups recovered from the supplemented mothers displayed an increase body weight from PND12 up to PND17. At PND17 in the bLF group, increased small intestine epithelial cell differentiation was detected, and colon barrier function was reinforced in association with increased expression of genes coding for the tight-junction proteins. Regarding bone physiology, improved bone mineral density was measured in the pups. Lastly, the plasma metabolite analysis revealed mainly higher amino acid concentrations in the LF pups as compared to the control group. Our results support that bLF ingestion by the mother during gestation and lactation can promote pup early life development. The potential interest of supplementing the mothers with bLF in the case of risk of compromised early life development of the offspring in the context of animal and human nutrition is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blais
- AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (A.L.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (A.-M.D.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moazen M, Mazloom Z, Tanideh N, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Rahmdel S, Azarpira N, Fararouei M. Osteoprotective effects of kefir fortified with omega-3 and vitamin C in ovariectomized rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021:1-10. [PMID: 34162225 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional interventions can be valuable for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of kefir fortified with omega-3 and vitamin C on the bone and uterus parameters of ovariectomized rats. Seventy-seven female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated. The ovariectomized rats were assigned to six groups and received 1 ml/day of distilled water (OVX group), milk, kefir, kefir fortified with omega-3 (kefir+ω3), kefir fortified with vitamin C (kefir+vit-C) or kefir fortified with omega-3 and vitamin C (kefir+ω3+vit-C) for 12 weeks. The sham group also received 1ml/day of distilled water. Subsequently, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of various bones were assessed. Femurs and uteri were harvested for bone ash analysis and histopathological examinations, respectively. Sera were analyzed for carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide, calcium, phosphorous, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and total antioxidant capacity levels. Ovariectomy resulted in significant reduction in bone density (P<0.05). Kefir+ω3+vit-C significantly improved BMC of lumbar spine (0.699±0.027 g compared with 0.580±0.018 in the OVX group), and kefir, kefir+vit-C and kefir+ω3+vit-C significantly increased BMD of tibia (0.118±0.003 g/cm2, 0.119±0.001 and 0.120±0.004 compared with 0.102±0.005 in the OVX group). Moreover, ovariectomy markedly elevated TNF-α level, which was significantly reversed by kefir+ω3+vit-C. Significant atrophy of the uterus was observed following ovariectomy, although the uterus parameters did not change by any of the interventions. In conclusion, kefir fortified with omega-3 and vitamin C may have protective effects against bone loss through suppressing inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moazen
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazloom
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Samane Rahmdel
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen P, Zhang W, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Guo H. Osteogenic effects of the peptide fraction derived from pepsin-hydrolyzed bovine lactoferrin. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3853-3862. [PMID: 33551166 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease that frequently occurs in the older population, particularly in postmenopausal women. It severely compromises the health of the older population, and the drugs commonly used to treat osteoporosis have a variety of adverse effects. Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein present in milk that has recently been found to exhibit osteogenic activity. Lactoferrin is nontoxic and harmless, suggesting that it may have excellent biocompatibility and tolerability after human consumption. Oral consumption of LF in an ovariectomized rat model has been found to ameliorate osteoporosis. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains to be clarified. In this study, bovine LF (bLF) was first hydrolyzed by pepsin for 1 h, and the hydrolyzed mixture was freeze-dried and collected. The hydrolyzed mixture was then separated into 5 components (E1-E5), of which E3 had the greatest effect in promoting proliferation of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). Component E3 was further isolated into 21 components with preparative reversed phase HPLC, and the E3-15 component had maximal bioactivity. With HPLC-mass spectrometry and peptide sequencing, E3-15 was identified to contain amino acids 97 to 208 from the bLF N terminus. Then, E3-15 was divided into 6 different peptide segments (P1-P6), and the corresponding segments were generated by solid-phase synthesis. Only the P1 peptide (amino acids 97-122 from the N terminus of bLF) significantly promoted osteoblast proliferation. The bioactivity of P1 toward osteoblast cells and alkaline phosphatase activity were tested as a function of P1 concentration, and a nonlinear effect was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - W Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - P Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Y Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - W Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
| | - H Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li W, Hu J, Ji P, Zhu S, Zhu Y. Oral administration of bovine lactoferrin accelerates the healing of fracture in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:648-657. [PMID: 32350616 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lactoferrin has recently been reported for its potent bone growth effects. However, the effects of lactoferrin on the healing process of fragility fracture have not yet been studied, so the purpose of this study is to investigate whether oral administration of lactoferrin can promote the fracture healing in an OVX animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three months after bilateral ovariectomy, all rats underwent unilateral tibial osteotomy and were then randomly divided into control group and bovine lactoferrin (bLF) group. At 4 and 8 weeks post-fracture, animals were sacrificed, and the fractured tibiae and serum samples were collected for evaluation. RESULTS Our results showed that bLF treatment not only accelerated the bone growth at an early stage of OPF healing but also shortened the remolding process of OPF healing. When compared to control group, bLF treatment induced a significant rise in callus BMD (by 35.0% at 4 weeks and by 39.7% at 8 weeks; both p < 0.05) consistent with enhanced biomechanical strength of the callus, with ultimate force increased by 3.39-fold at 4 weeks (p < 0.05) and 1.95-fold at 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Besides, bLF administration resulted in a substantial increase in serum levels of BALP and a significant decrease in serum levels of TRAP 5b and TNF-α. Moreover, both the RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio and the expression of TNF-α in the callus of bLF-treated group were markedly lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS At a dose of 85mg/kg/day orally administrated bLF potently promoted the bone healing following tibial fracture in OVX rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Shisheng Zhu
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yixueyuan Road 1#, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Icriverzi M, Dinca V, Moisei M, Evans RW, Trif M, Roseanu A. Lactoferrin in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:838-853. [PMID: 31258057 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190503121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the multiple properties exhibited by lactoferrin (Lf), its involvement in bone regeneration processes is of great interest at the present time. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the ability of Lf to promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells and to inhibit bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts. Although the mechanism underlying the action of Lf in bone cells is still not fully elucidated, it has been shown that its mode of action leading to the survival of osteoblasts is complemented by its mitogenic effect. Activation of several signalling pathways and gene expression, in an LRPdependent or independent manner, has been identified. Unlike the effects on osteoblasts, the action on osteoclasts is different, with Lf leading to a total arrest of osteoclastogenesis. Due to the positive effect of Lf on osteoblasts, the potential use of Lf alone or in combination with different biologically active compounds in bone tissue regeneration and the treatment of bone diseases is of great interest. Since the bioavailability of Lf in vivo is poor, a nanotechnology- based strategy to improve the biological properties of Lf was developed. The investigated formulations include incorporation of Lf into collagen membranes, gelatin hydrogel, liposomes, loading onto nanofibers, porous microspheres, or coating onto silica/titan based implants. Lf has also been coupled with other biologically active compounds such as biomimetic hydroxyapatite, in order to improve the efficacy of biomaterials used in the regulation of bone homeostasis. This review aims to provide an up-to-date review of research on the involvement of Lf in bone growth and healing and on its use as a potential therapeutic factor in bone tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Icriverzi
- Ligand-Receptor Interaction Department, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.,University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina Dinca
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO-077125, Romania
| | - Magdalena Moisei
- Ligand-Receptor Interaction Department, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Robert W Evans
- Brunel University, School of Engineering and Design, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Trif
- Ligand-Receptor Interaction Department, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Roseanu
- Ligand-Receptor Interaction Department, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Urinary Metabolic Profiling via LC-MS/MS Reveals Impact of Bovine Lactoferrin on Bone Formation in Growing SD Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041116. [PMID: 32316396 PMCID: PMC7230685 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) exerts a promoting bone health function. The effects of LF on bone formation at the metabolic level have been less explored. Urinary metabolic profiling of growing Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats LF-supplemented (1000 mg/kg bw) for four weeks were explored by Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The serum markers of bone formation and bone resorption, the bone mass, and the osteogenesis markers of femur were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, micro-computerized tomography, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Compared with the control, LF supplementation improved bone formation (p < 0.05), reduced bone resorption (p < 0.05), enhanced femoral bone mineral density and microarchitecture (p < 0.05), and upregulated osteocalcin, osterix, and Runx-2 expression (p < 0.05) of femur. LF upregulated 69 urinary metabolites. KEGG and pathway enrichment analyses of those urinary metabolites, and the Person’s correlation analyses among those urinary metabolites and bone status revealed that LF impacted on bone formation via regulatory comprehensive pathways including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. The present study indicated the metabolomics is a useful and practical tool to elucidate the mechanisms by which LF augments bone mass formation in growing animals.
Collapse
|
8
|
Blais A, Rochefort GY, Moreau M, Calvez J, Wu X, Matsumoto H, Blachier F. Monosodium Glutamate Supplementation Improves Bone Status in Mice Under Moderate Protein Restriction. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10224. [PMID: 31687652 PMCID: PMC6820464 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate protein intake during development is critical to ensure optimal bone gain and to attain a higher peak bone mass later. Using a mild protein restriction model in Balb/C mice consuming 6% of their total energy intake as soy protein (LP-SOY)-for which we observed a significantly lower femoral cortical thickness, bone volume, trabecular number, and thickness reduction-we evaluated the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) supplementation at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 20 g/kg of diet) on bone characteristics in LP-SOY-fed mice. After 6 and 12 weeks, LP-SOY-fed mice had lower BMD and reduced body weight related to lower lean mass, which was associated with a reduced IGF-1 level. The negative effect of the LP-SOY diet on BMD correlated with impaired bone formation. MSG supplementation, at 5, 10, and 20 g/kg of diet, and PTH injection, used as a positive control, were able to improve BMD and to increase osteoblast activity markers (P1NP and osteocalcin), as well as glutamine plasma concentration. An analysis of bone microarchitecture found that cortical bone was less sensitive to protein restriction than trabecular bone, and that MSG ingestion was able to preserve bone quality through an increase of collagen synthesis, although it did not allow normal bone growth. Our study reinforces the view that glutamate can act as a functional amino acid for bone physiology and support clinical investigation of glutamate supplementation in adults characterized by poor bone status, notably as a result of insufficient protein intake. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blais
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA Université Paris-Saclay Paris France
| | - Gael Y Rochefort
- EA 2496, Dental School Faculty Université Paris Descartes Montrouge France
| | - Manon Moreau
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA Université Paris-Saclay Paris France
| | - Juliane Calvez
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA Université Paris-Saclay Paris France
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Process in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan F, Shi P, Liu M, Chen H, Tu M, Lu W, Du M. Lactoferrin preserves bone homeostasis by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway of osteoimmunology. Food Funct 2018; 9:2653-2660. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin preserves bone homeostasis via the osteoimmunology pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Fan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Pujie Shi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Maolin Tu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Weihong Lu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Ming Du
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fan F, Tu M, Liu M, Shi P, Wang Y, Wu D, Du M. Isolation and Characterization of Lactoferrin Peptides with Stimulatory Effect on Osteoblast Proliferation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7179-7185. [PMID: 28728411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is reported to be a potential food protein with osteogenic activity. However, the activity of lactoferrin peptides is questionable. In the present study, we isolated and characterized peptides from lactoferrin with stimulatory effect on osteoblast proliferation. Peptides from the lactoferrin pepsin hydrolysate were purified using cation-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. Effects of different hydrolysates and peptides on the proliferation of osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were compared by MTT assay. Results showed that fraction P5-a from Superdex Peptide 10/300 GL gel chromatography showed better activity. Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry confirmed that two peptides components of P5-a corresponded to fractions of 20-78 and 191-277 amino acids in Bos taurus lactoferrin molecule (GI: 221706349). These results will provide some theoretical and practical data for the preparation and application of osteogenic peptides in functional food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Fan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Maolin Tu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Pujie Shi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Q, Zhao J, Hu W, Wang J, Yu T, Dai Y, Li N. Effects of Recombinant Human Lactoferrin on Osteoblast Growth and Bone Status in Piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 29:90-99. [PMID: 28494220 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1313269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), an ~80 kDa iron-binding glycoprotein, modulates many biological effects, including antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Recently, it was shown that LF also regulates bone cell activity, suggesting its therapeutic effect on postmenopausal bone loss. However, a minimal amount is known regarding the effects of recombinant human LF (rhLF) supplementation on bone status in young healthy infants. We found osteoblast cell differentiation was significantly promoted in vitro. Furthermore, treatment of human osteoblast cells with rhLF rapidly induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p44/p42 MAPK, ERK1/2). In order to investigate the effects of rhLF on bone status in vivo, we used a piglet model, which is a useful model for human infants. Piglets were supplemented with rhLF milk for 30 days. Bone formation markers, Serum calcium concentration, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), tibia bone strength, and the overall metabolite profile analysis showed that rhLF was advantageous to the bone growth in piglets. These findings suggest that rhLF supplementation benefits neonate bone health by modulating bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Li
- a State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences , Langfang Teachers University , Langfang , China
| | - Jie Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Wenping Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- c Wuxi Kingenew Biotechnology Company , Wuxi , China
| | - Tian Yu
- c Wuxi Kingenew Biotechnology Company , Wuxi , China
| | - Yunping Dai
- a State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Ning Li
- a State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao R, Watson M, Callon KE, Tuari D, Dray M, Naot D, Amirapu S, Munro JT, Cornish J, Musson DS. Local application of lactoferrin promotes bone regeneration in a rat critical-sized calvarial defect model as demonstrated by micro-CT and histological analysis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e620-e626. [PMID: 27860377 PMCID: PMC5811776 DOI: 10.1002/term.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein with therapeutic potential for bone tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of local application of lactoferrin on bone regeneration. Five‐millimetre critical‐sized defects were created over the right parietal bone in 64 Sprague–Dawley rats. The rats were randomized into four groups: group 1 (n = 20) had empty defects; group 2 (n = 20) had defects grafted with collagen gels (3 mg/ml); group 3 (n = 20) had defects grafted with collagen gels impregnated with bovine lactoferrin (10 μg/gel); and group 4 (n = 4) had sham surgeries (skin and periosteal incisions only). The rats were sacrificed at 4 or 12 weeks post‐operatively, and the calvaria were excised and evaluated with micro‐CT (Skyscan 1172) followed by histology. The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was higher in lactoferrin‐treated animals at both timepoints, with groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 measuring 10.5 ± 1.1%, 8.6 ± 1.4%, 16.5 ± 0.6% and 24.27 ± 2.6%, respectively, at 4 weeks (P < 0.05); and 12.2 ± 1.3%, 13.6 ± 1.5%, 21.9 ± 1.2% and 29.3 ± 0.8%, respectively, at 12 weeks (P < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that the newly formed bone within the calvarial defects of all groups was a mixture of woven and lamellar bone, with more bone in the group treated with lactoferrin at both timepoints. Our study demonstrated that local application of lactoferrin significantly increased bone regeneration in a rat critical‐sized calvarial defect model. The profound effect of lactoferrin on bone regeneration has therapeutic potential to improve the poor clinical outcomes associated with bony non‐union. LF In Vivo JTERM Authors Contributions. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gao
- Bone and Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maureen Watson
- Bone and Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Callon
- Bone and Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Donna Tuari
- Bone and Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Dray
- Waikato District Health Board, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Dorit Naot
- Bone and Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Satya Amirapu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacob T Munro
- Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Bone and Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David S Musson
- Bone and Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chalvon-Demersay T, Blachier F, Tomé D, Blais A. Animal Models for the Study of the Relationships between Diet and Obesity: A Focus on Dietary Protein and Estrogen Deficiency. Front Nutr 2017; 4:5. [PMID: 28373974 PMCID: PMC5357654 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing major public health concern asking for dietary strategies to limit weight gain and associated comorbidities. In this review, we present animal models, particularly rats and mice, which have been extensively used by scientists to understand the consequences of diet quality on weight gain and health. Notably, modulation of dietary protein quantity and/or quality has been shown to exert huge effects on body composition homeostasis through the modulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolic pathways. Interestingly, the perinatal window appears to represent a critical period during which the protein intake of the dam can impact the offspring’s weight gain and feeding behavior. Animal models are also widely used to understand the processes and mechanisms that contribute to obesity at different physiological and pathophysiological stages. An interesting example of such aspect is the situation of decreased estrogen level occurring at menopause, which is linked to weight gain and decreased energy expenditure. To study metabolic disorders associated with such situation, estrogen withdrawal in ovariectomized animal models to mimic menopause are frequently used. According to many studies, clear species-specific differences exist between rats and mice that need to be taken into account when results are extrapolated to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Chalvon-Demersay
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Paris , France
| | - François Blachier
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Paris , France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Paris , France
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arend P. ABO (histo) blood group phenotype development and human reproduction as they relate to ancestral IgM formation: A hypothesis. Immunobiology 2016; 221:116-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
15
|
Kanwar JR, Roy K, Patel Y, Zhou SF, Singh MR, Singh D, Nasir M, Sehgal R, Sehgal A, Singh RS, Garg S, Kanwar RK. Multifunctional iron bound lactoferrin and nanomedicinal approaches to enhance its bioactive functions. Molecules 2015; 20:9703-31. [PMID: 26016555 PMCID: PMC6272382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding protein from the transferrin family has been reported to have numerous functions. Even though Lf was first isolated from milk, it is also found in most exocrine secretions and in the secondary granules of neutrophils. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity reports on lactoferrin identified its significance in host defense against infection and extreme inflammation. Anticarcinogenic reports on lactoferrin make this protein even more valuable. This review is focused on the structural configuration of iron-containing and iron-free forms of lactoferrin obtained from different sources such as goat, camel and bovine. Apart for emphasizing on the specific beneficial properties of lactoferrin from each of these sources, the general antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of lactoferrin are discussed here. Implementation of nanomedicinial strategies that enhance the bioactive function of lactoferrin are also discussed, along with information on lactoferrin in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Kislay Roy
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Yogesh Patel
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India.
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India.
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Alka Sehgal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh 160031, India.
| | - Ram Sarup Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (CPID), School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Rupinder K Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effects of in ovo injection of bovine lactoferrin before incubation in layer breeder eggs on tibia measurements and performance of laying hens. Animal 2015; 9:1813-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
17
|
Effects of lactoferrin on intestinal epithelial cell growth and differentiation: an in vivo and in vitro study. Biometals 2014; 27:857-74. [PMID: 25082351 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to analyse the effects of human (h) and bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on the growth and differentiation of intestinal cells using the mice model supplemented with Lactoferrin (LF) and the enterocyte-like model of Caco-2 cells which spontaneously differentiate after confluency. In mice, bLF supplementation increased jejunal villus height and the expression of several intestinal brush border membrane enzymes activities. Addition of bLF or hLF to undifferentiated Caco-2 cells was able to increase cell proliferation with confluency being reached more rapidly. Moreover, when Caco-2 cells were grown in the presence of LF for 3 weeks, brush-border membrane-associated enzyme activities i.e. sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and neutral aminopeptidase, as well as the L-glutamate transporter expression were all increased indicating an increased Caco-2 cell differentiation. Accordingly, cDNA Atlas array and Western blot analysis of cell cycle proteins shown a decreased expression of Cdck2 and an increased TAF1 expression; these proteins being implicated in the regulation of numerous genes related to cellular proliferation and differentiation. These modifications were associated with an inhibition of Caco-2 cell spontaneous apoptosis. Altogether, our results indicate that LF increase in vivo and in vitro enterocyte differentiation. In addition, LF was found to increase in vitro enterocyte proliferation resulting in higher cell density in cell flasks, an effect that was likely partly due to a reduction of the cellular apoptosis. The different stimulation patterns observed for the different parameters associated with cell differentiation in relationship with specific gene regulation is discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. The possible role of antimicrobial proteins in obesity-associated immunologic alterations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:855-66. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.911088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
19
|
Guillerminet F, Fabien-Soulé V, Even PC, Tomé D, Benhamou CL, Roux C, Blais A. Hydrolyzed collagen improves bone status and prevents bone loss in ovariectomized C3H/HeN mice. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1909-19. [PMID: 21927918 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY This study evaluates the effect of hydrolyzed collagen (HC) on bone health of ovariectomized mice (OVX) at different ages. Twenty-six weeks after the OVX procedure, HC ingestion was still able to improve significantly bone mineral density (BMD) and some femur biomechanical parameters. Moreover, HC ingestion for 1 month before surgery prevented BMD decrease. INTRODUCTION HC can play an important role in preserving BMD before osteoporosis appears. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HC on bone health of ovariectomized mice at different ages. METHODS Female C3H mice were either OVX at 3 or 6 months and fed for 6 months (first experiment) or 3 months (second experiment) with diet including 0, 10, or 25 g/kg of HC. In the second experiment, one group received HC 1 month before surgery, and two groups received the supplementation immediately after surgery, one fed ad libitum and the other by gavage. Mice treated with raloxifene were used as a positive control. BMD, femur intrinsic and extrinsic biomechanical properties, and type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide were measured after 12 and 26 weeks. Food intake and spontaneous physical activity were also recorded. RESULTS The OVX procedure increased body weight, while food intake decreased, thus suggesting that resting metabolism was decreased. Ingestion of 25 g/kg of HC for 3 or 6 months reduced bone loss significantly in, respectively, 3- and 6-month-old OVX mice. The lowest HC concentration was less efficient. HC ingestion for 3 months is as efficient as raloxifene to protect 3-month-old OVX mice from bone loss. Our results also demonstrated that HC ingestion before surgery prevented the BMD decreases. CONCLUSION This study confirms that dietary collagen reduces bone loss in OVX mice by increasing the diameter of the cortical areas of femurs and can have a preventive effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Guillerminet
- AgroParisTech, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an abundant iron-binding protein in milk. This 80 kDa bilobal glycoprotein is also present in several other secreted bodily fluids, as well as in the secondary granules of neutrophils. The potent iron-binding properties of lactoferrin can locally create iron deficiency, and this is an important factor in host defense as it prevents bacteria from growing and forming biofilms. In addition to having antibacterial activity, lactoferrin is now known to have a long list of other beneficial biological properties. It has direct antiviral, antifungal, and even some anticancer activities. It can also promote wound healing and bone growth, or it can act as an iron carrier. Moreover, lactoferrin displays a cytokine-like “alarmin” activity, and it activates the immune system. Simultaneously, it can bind endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), and in doing so, it modulates the activity of the host immune response. The majority of these intriguing biological activities reside in the unique positively charged N-terminal region of the protein. Interestingly, several peptides, which retain many of the beneficial activities, can be released from this region of lactoferrin. An isoform of the human protein, known as delta-lactoferrin, is expressed inside many cells, where it acts as a transcription factor. Lactoferrin purified from human and bovine milk have very similar but not completely identical properties. Lactoferrin receptors have been identified on the surface of various cells, and some of these can bind both the human and the bovine protein. Because of the extensive health-promoting effects of lactoferrin, there has been considerable interest in the use of bovine or human lactoferrin as a “protein nutraceutical” or as a therapeutic protein. When lactoferrin is used as a “biologic drug”, it seems to be orally active in contrast to most other therapeutic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Vogel
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Legrand D. Lactoferrin, a key molecule in immune and inflammatory processes. Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 90:252-68. [PMID: 22136726 DOI: 10.1139/o11-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) belongs to the family of antimicrobial molecules that constitute the principal defense line of nonvertebrate organisms. In human immunity, their roles are considerably extended, and actually exceed mere direct antimicrobial properties. As a result, Lf is involved in both innate and adaptive immunities where its modulating effects not only help the host fight against microbes but also protect the host against harmful effects of inflammation. Such beneficial effects have been noticed in studies using dietary Lf, without the experimenters always explaining the exact modes of action of Lf. Effects on mucosal and systemic immunities are indeed often observed, which make the roles of Lf tricky to decipher. It is now known that the immunomodulatory properties of Lf are due to its ability to interact with numerous cellular and molecular targets. At the cellular level, Lf modulates the migration, maturation, and functions of immune cells. At the molecular level, in addition to iron binding, interactions of Lf with a plethora of compounds, either soluble or cell-surface molecules, account for its modulatory properties. This paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms that explain the regulatory properties of Lf in immune and inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Legrand
- UMR 8576 CNRS / Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, IFR 147, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cam A, de Mejia EG. Role of dietary proteins and peptides in cardiovascular disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:53-66. [PMID: 22121103 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States and most other countries. Therefore, a disease of such wide-ranging impact calls for the development of multiple viable strategies for prevention. Diet plays an important role in the development of the major risk factors of CVD such as low-grade systemic inflammation, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, the most significant. Thus, diet-based methods of prevention would not only be more feasible, but ultimately more cost-effective than relying on drugs to combat this condition. In recent years, peptides derived from either animal or plant sources have been found to have various bioactive properties. Nevertheless, their potential impact on inflammation and prevention of atherosclerosis has not been fully explored, particularly at the molecular level. In this review, the most current scientific information from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies on the role of dietary proteins and peptides on CVD has been summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cam
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|