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Ryu JH, Mangal U, Kwon JS, Seo JY, Byun SY, Lee YH, Jang S, Hwang G, Ku H, Shin Y, Kim D, Choi SH. Integrating Phosphate Enhances Biomineralization Effect of Methacrylate Cement in Vital Pulp Treatment with Improved Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2402397. [PMID: 39367544 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Vital pulp treatment (VPT) is crucial for preserving the health and function of the tooth in cases where the pulp tissue remains vital despite exposure. Various materials are introduced for this purpose. However, challenges such as low strength, high solubility, and tooth discoloration persist. Methylmethacrylate-based cement (MC) offers excellent sealing ability, feasibility, and mechanical properties, making it a promising alternative for VPT. Phosphate-based glass (PBG) has the potential to promote hard tissue regeneration by releasing key inducers, phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), for reparative odontogenesis. This study investigates PBG-integrated MC (PIMC) by characterizing its properties, assessing human dental pulp stem cell activity related to initial inflammatory adaptation and odontogenic differentiation, and evaluating hard tissue formation using an in vivo dog pulpotomy model. Results indicate that a 5% PBG-integrated MC (5PIMC) maintains the physicochemical properties of MC. Furthermore, 5PIMC demonstrates cytocompatibility, excellent expression of osteo/odontogenic markers, and resistance to inflammatory markers, significantly outperforming MC. Enhanced hard tissue formation is observed in the dental pulp of mongrel dog teeth treated with 5PIMC. These findings suggest that 5PIMC could be an optimal and suitable material for reparative odontogenesis through VPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Ryu
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Utkarsh Mangal
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Seo
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yun Byun
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungil Jang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyemin Ku
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooseok Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Navidi G, Same S, Allahvirdinesbat M, Nakhostin Panahi P, Dindar Safa K. Development of novel hybrid nanomaterials with potential application in bone/dental tissue engineering: design, fabrication and characterization enriched-SAPO-34/CS/PANI scaffold. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:2090-2114. [PMID: 38953859 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2366638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS/PANI, a novel hybrid bio-composite scaffold with potential application in dental tissue engineering, was prepared by freeze drying technique. The scaffold was characterized using FT-IR and SEM methods. The effects of PANI on the physicochemical properties of the Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS scaffold were investigated, including changes in swelling ratio, mechanical behavior, density, porosity, biodegradation, and biomineralization. Compared to the Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS scaffold, adding PANI decreased the pore size, porosity, swelling ratio, and biodegradation, while increasing the mechanical strength and biomineralization. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and adhesion of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) on the scaffolds were investigated by MTT assay and SEM. The Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS/PANI scaffold promoted hDPSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared to the Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS scaffold. Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, and qRT-PCR results revealed that Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS/PANI triggered osteoblast/odontoblast differentiation in hDPSCs through the up-regulation of osteogenic marker genes BGLAP, RUNX2, and SPARC. The significance of this study lies in developing a novel scaffold that synergistically combines the beneficial properties of Fe-Ca-SAPO-34, chitosan, and PANI to create an optimized microenvironment for dental tissue regeneration. These findings highlight the potential of the Fe-Ca-SAPO-34/CS/PANI scaffold as a promising biomaterial for dental tissue engineering applications, paving the way for future research and clinical translation in regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Navidi
- Brozek Lab, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of OR, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Saeideh Same
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Allahvirdinesbat
- Organosilicon Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Kazem Dindar Safa
- Organosilicon Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Sameni HR, Arab S, Doostmohammadi N, Bahraminasab M. Effect of calcium phosphate/bovine serum albumin coated Al 2O 3-Ti biocomposites on osteoblast response. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2024; 69:367-382. [PMID: 38258440 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2023-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The biological performance of aluminum oxide-titanium (Al2O3-Ti) composites requires special attention to achieve improved osteoblastic differentiation, and subsequent osseointegration/strong anchorage with the surrounding bone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve them by providing calcium phosphate (Ca-P)/bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating on their surfaces. METHODS Ca-P/BSA coatings were prepared on the surfaces of 75vol.%Ti composites (75Ti-BSA) and pure Ti (100Ti-BSA as a control). The surface characteristics, phase analysis, micro-hardness, BSA release profile and biological responses including cytotoxicity, cell viability, differentiation, mineralization, and cell adhesion were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that lower cytotoxicity% and higher mitochondrial activity or viability % were associated with the samples with Ca-P/BSA coatings (particularly 75Ti-BSA having 21.3% cytotoxicity, 111.4% and 288.6% viability at day 1 and 7, respectively). Furthermore, the Ca-P/BSA coating could highly enhance the differentiation of pre-osteoblast cells into osteoblasts in 75Ti-BSA group (ALP concentration of 4.8 ng/ml). However, its influence on cell differentiation in 100Ti-BSA group was negligible. Similar results were also obtained from mineralization assay. The results on cell adhesion revealed that the Ca-P/BSA coated samples differently interacted with MC3T3-E1 cells; enlarged flat cells on 75Ti-BSA vs more spindle-shaped cells on 100Ti-BSA. CONCLUSIONS Ca-P/BSA coated Al2O3-Ti provided promising biological performance, superior to that of uncoated composites. Therefore, they have the potential to improve implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sameni
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Arab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nesa Doostmohammadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Marjan Bahraminasab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Müller WEG, Neufurth M, Wang S, Schröder HC, Wang X. Polyphosphate Nanoparticles: Balancing Energy Requirements in Tissue Regeneration Processes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309528. [PMID: 38470207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of a particular, evolutionarily old inorganic polymer found across the biological kingdoms have attracted increasing interest in recent years not only because of their crucial role in metabolism but also their potential medical applicability: it is inorganic polyphosphate (polyP). This ubiquitous linear polymer is composed of 10-1000 phosphate residues linked by high-energy anhydride bonds. PolyP causes induction of gene activity, provides phosphate for bone mineralization, and serves as an energy supplier through enzymatic cleavage of its acid anhydride bonds and subsequent ATP formation. The biomedical breakthrough of polyP came with the development of a successful fabrication process, in depot form, as Ca- or Mg-polyP nanoparticles, or as the directly effective polymer, as soluble Na-polyP, for regenerative repair and healing processes, especially in tissue areas with insufficient blood supply. Physiologically, the platelets are the main vehicles for polyP nanoparticles in the circulating blood. To be biomedically active, these particles undergo coacervation. This review provides an overview of the properties of polyP and polyP nanoparticles for applications in the regeneration and repair of bone, cartilage, and skin. In addition to studies on animal models, the first successful proof-of-concept studies on humans for the healing of chronic wounds are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Zhu F, Wang T, Wang G, Yan C, He B, Qiao B. The Exosome-Mediated Bone Regeneration: An Advanced Horizon Toward the Isolation, Engineering, Carrying Modalities, and Mechanisms. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400293. [PMID: 38426417 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, nanoparticles secreted by various cells, composed of a bilayer lipid membrane, and containing bioactive substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, etc., have been intensively investigated in tissue engineering owing to their high biocompatibility and versatile biofunction. However, there is still a lack of a high-quality review on bone defect regeneration potentiated by exosomes. In this review, the biogenesis and isolation methods of exosomes are first introduced. More importantly, the engineered exosomes of the current state of knowledge are discussed intensively in this review. Afterward, the biomaterial carriers of exosomes and the mechanisms of bone repair elucidated by compelling evidence are presented. Thus, future perspectives and concerns are revealed to help devise advanced modalities based on exosomes to overcome the challenges of bone regeneration. It is totally believed this review will attract special attention from clinicians and provide promising ideas for their future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukang Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Taiyou Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Guangjian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Caiping Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
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Zhou P, Liu T, Liu W, Sun L, Kang H, Liu K, Luo P, Wang Y, Luo L, Dai H. An Antibacterial Bionic Periosteum with Angiogenesis-Neurogenesis Coupling Effect for Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38623938 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The periosteum, rich in neurovascular networks, bone progenitor cells, and stem cells, is vital for bone repair. Current artificial periosteal materials face challenges in mechanical strength, bacterial infection, and promoting osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis. To address these issues, we adjusted the electrospinning ratio of poly-ε-caprolactone and chitosan and incorporated Zn doping whitlockite with polydopamine coating into a nanofiber membrane. After a series of characterizations, optimal results were achieved with a poly-ε-caprolactone: chitosan ratio of 8:1 and 5% nanoparticle content. In vitro cell experiments and in vivo calvarial defect models, the sustained release of Mg2+ and Ca2+ promoted vascularization and new bone formation, respectively, while the release of Zn2+ was conducive to antibacterial and cooperated with Mg2+ to promote neurovascularization. Consequently, this antibacterial bionic periosteum with an angiogenesis-neurogenesis coupling effect demonstrates a promising potential for bone repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tuozhou Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lingshun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haifei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peiyuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youfa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
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Salehi Abar E, Vandghanooni S, Torab A, Jaymand M, Eskandani M. A comprehensive review on nanocomposite biomaterials based on gelatin for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127556. [PMID: 37884249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The creation of a suitable scaffold is a crucial step in the process of bone tissue engineering (BTE). The scaffold, acting as an artificial extracellular matrix, plays a significant role in determining the fate of cells by affecting their proliferation and differentiation in BTE. Therefore, careful consideration should be given to the fabrication approach and materials used for scaffold preparation. Natural polypeptides such as gelatin and collagen have been widely used for this purpose. The unique properties of nanoparticles, which vary depending on their size, charge, and physicochemical properties, have demonstrated potential in solving various challenges encountered in BTE. Therefore, nanocomposite biomaterials consisting of polymers and nanoparticles have been extensively used for BTE. Gelatin has also been utilized in combination with other nanomaterials to apply for this purpose. Composites of gelatin with various types of nanoparticles are particularly promising for creating scaffolds with superior biological and physicochemical properties. This review explores the use of nanocomposite biomaterials based on gelatin and various types of nanoparticles together for applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Salehi Abar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vandghanooni
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Torab
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Morteza Eskandani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Vermeulen S, Knoops K, Duimel H, Parvizifard M, van Beurden D, López-Iglesias C, Giselbrecht S, Truckenmüller R, Habibović P, Tahmasebi Birgani Z. An in vitro model system based on calcium- and phosphate ion-induced hMSC spheroid mineralization. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100844. [PMID: 38033367 PMCID: PMC10682137 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenge in regenerative medicine is creating the three-dimensional organic and inorganic in vitro microenvironment of bone, which would allow the study of musculoskeletal disorders and the generation of building blocks for bone regeneration. This study presents a microwell-based platform for creating spheroids of human mesenchymal stromal cells, which are then mineralized using ionic calcium and phosphate supplementation. The resulting mineralized spheroids promote an osteogenic gene expression profile through the influence of the spheroids' biophysical environment and inorganic signaling and require less calcium or phosphate to achieve mineralization compared to a monolayer culture. We found that mineralized spheroids represent an in vitro model for studying small molecule perturbations and extracellular mediated calcification. Furthermore, we demonstrate that understanding pathway signaling elicited by the spheroid environment allows mimicking these pathways in traditional monolayer culture, enabling similar rapid mineralization events. In sum, this study demonstrates the rapid generation and employment of a mineralized cell model system for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vermeulen
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kèvin Knoops
- Microscopy CORE Lab, M4I Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Duimel
- Microscopy CORE Lab, M4I Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Parvizifard
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Denis van Beurden
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- Microscopy CORE Lab, M4I Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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9
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Zhang R, Ruangsawasdi N, Pumpaluk P, Yuan Q, Peng Y, Seriwatanachai D. Bone regeneration property of tooth-derived bone substitute prepared chairside for periodontal bone defects: an experimental study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:863. [PMID: 37964242 PMCID: PMC10647160 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis often leads to progressive destruction and loss of alveolar bone, the reconstruction of which remains difficult in periodontal therapy. As a novel bone graft material, tooth-derived bone substitute (TDBS) processed from extracted teeth has been previously reported about its osteoconductivity and promising results in bone regeneration. This study was to investigate the biological effects and bone regeneration properties of TDBS in vitro and in vivo using rat periodontal bone defect model. METHODS Three groups of materials were used in the experiments: TDBS, TDBS treated with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (TDBS-E), and allogeneic bone materials. Calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion dissolutions were quantified by spectrophotometer for seven days. The releases of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human osteoblast proliferation, migration, and differentiation were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell counting, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and alizarin red staining (ARS), respectively. Furthermore, the osteogenic effects of TDBS on periodontal furcation bone defects were evaluated at eight weeks postoperatively using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological analysis. RESULTS The dissolution of both Ca and P ions in TDBS increased over time. The BMP-2 released from TDBS was significantly higher than that from TDBS-E and allografts, while the TGF-β1 release from TDBS and TDBS-E groups was higher than that in the allografts. The TDBS-E group could induce the highest level of osteoblast proliferation compared to other groups. Cell migration with allografts co-culture was significantly induced compared to the blank control. However, all groups demonstrated similar positive effects on osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, in the periodontal model, all materials could effectively enhance bone regeneration in the furcation defect. CONCLUSIONS The TDBS prepared chairside as an autogenous bone graft, demonstrating osteoinductivity, which enhances the osteogenic biological characteristics. Therefore, TDBS is suggested as an economical and biocompatible material for periodontal bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Nisarat Ruangsawasdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Piyapanna Pumpaluk
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Dutmanee Seriwatanachai
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Ishikawa M, Kanzaki H, Kodera R, Sekimizu T, Wada S, Tohyama S, Ida T, Shimoyama M, Manase S, Tomonari H, Kuroda N. Early diagnosis of aortic calcification through dental X-ray examination for dental pulp stones. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18576. [PMID: 37903847 PMCID: PMC10616172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, an ectopic calcification exacerbated by aging and renal dysfunction, is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. However, early detection indicators are limited. This study focused on dental pulp stones, ectopic calcifications found in oral tissues that are easily identifiable on dental radiographs. Our investigation explored the frequency and timing of these calcifications in different locations and their relationship to aortic calcification. In cadavers, we examined the association between the frequency of dental pulp stones and aortic calcification, revealing a significant association. Notably, dental pulp stones appeared prior to aortic calcification. Using a rat model of hyperphosphatemia, we confirmed that dental pulp stones formed earlier than calcification in the aortic arch. Interestingly, there were very few instances of aortic calcification without dental pulp stones. Additionally, we conducted cell culture experiments with vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and dental pulp cells (DPCs) to explore the regulatory mechanism underlying high phosphate-mediated calcification. We found that DPCs produced calcification deposits more rapidly and exhibited a stronger augmentation of osteoblast differentiation markers compared with SMCs. In conclusion, the observation of dental pulp stones through X-ray examination during dental checkups could be a valuable method for early diagnosis of aortic calcification risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Pref., 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Kodera
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Pref., 230-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sekimizu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Pref., 230-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Syunnosuke Tohyama
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ida
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miho Shimoyama
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shugo Manase
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomonari
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kuroda
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Pref., 230-8501, Japan
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11
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Sivakumar PM, Yetisgin AA, Demir E, Sahin SB, Cetinel S. Polysaccharide-bioceramic composites for bone tissue engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126237. [PMID: 37567538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Limitations associated with conventional bone substitutes such as autografts, increasing demand for bone grafts, and growing elderly population worldwide necessitate development of unique materials as bone graft substitutes. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) would ensure therapy advancement, efficiency, and cost-effective treatment modalities of bone defects. One way of engineering bone tissue scaffolds by mimicking natural bone tissue composed of organic and inorganic phases is to utilize polysaccharide-bioceramic hybrid composites. Polysaccharides are abundant in nature, and present in human body. Biominerals, like hydroxyapatite are present in natural bone and some of them possess osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Ion doped bioceramics could substitute protein-based biosignal molecules to achieve osteogenesis, vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and stress shielding. This review is a systemic summary on properties, advantages, and limitations of polysaccharide-bioceramic/ion doped bioceramic composites along with their recent advancements in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Abuzer Alp Yetisgin
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano-Engineering Program, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ebru Demir
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Burcu Sahin
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Sibel Cetinel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
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12
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Volova LT, Kotelnikov GP, Shishkovsky I, Volov DB, Ossina N, Ryabov NA, Komyagin AV, Kim YH, Alekseev DG. 3D Bioprinting of Hyaline Articular Cartilage: Biopolymers, Hydrogels, and Bioinks. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2695. [PMID: 37376340 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system, consisting of bones and cartilage of various types, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, is the basis of the human body. However, many pathological conditions caused by aging, lifestyle, disease, or trauma can damage its elements and lead to severe disfunction and significant worsening in the quality of life. Due to its structure and function, articular (hyaline) cartilage is the most susceptible to damage. Articular cartilage is a non-vascular tissue with constrained self-regeneration capabilities. Additionally, treatment methods, which have proven efficacy in stopping its degradation and promoting regeneration, still do not exist. Conservative treatment and physical therapy only relieve the symptoms associated with cartilage destruction, and traditional surgical interventions to repair defects or endoprosthetics are not without serious drawbacks. Thus, articular cartilage damage remains an urgent and actual problem requiring the development of new treatment approaches. The emergence of biofabrication technologies, including three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, at the end of the 20th century, allowed reconstructive interventions to get a second wind. Three-dimensional bioprinting creates volume constraints that mimic the structure and function of natural tissue due to the combinations of biomaterials, living cells, and signal molecules to create. In our case-hyaline cartilage. Several approaches to articular cartilage biofabrication have been developed to date, including the promising technology of 3D bioprinting. This review represents the main achievements of such research direction and describes the technological processes and the necessary biomaterials, cell cultures, and signal molecules. Special attention is given to the basic materials for 3D bioprinting-hydrogels and bioinks, as well as the biopolymers underlying the indicated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa T Volova
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Gennadiy P Kotelnikov
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Igor Shishkovsky
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Dmitriy B Volov
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Natalya Ossina
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Ryabov
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Komyagin
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Yeon Ho Kim
- RokitHealth Care Ltd., 9, Digital-ro 10-gil, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08514, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis G Alekseev
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
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13
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Polymer/Ceramic Nanocomposite Fibers in Bone Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2023_145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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14
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Identification of Agents That Ameliorate Hyperphosphatemia-Suppressed Myogenin Expression Involved in the Nrf2/p62 Pathway in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315324. [PMID: 36499650 PMCID: PMC9736935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia can occur as a result of reduced phosphate (Pi) excretion in cases of kidney dysfunction, which can induce muscle wasting and suppress myogenic differentiation. Higher Pi suppresses myogenic differentiation and promotes muscle atrophy through canonical (oxidative stress-mediated) and noncanonical (p62-mediated) activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. However, the crosstalk between myogenin and Nrf2/p62 and potential drug(s) for the regulation of myogenin expression needed to be addressed. In this study, we further identified that myogenin may negatively regulate Nrf2 and p62 protein levels in the mouse C2C12 muscle cell line. In the drug screening analysis, we identified N-acetylcysteine, metformin, phenformin, berberine, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenol, cilostazol, and cilomilast as ameliorating the induction of Nrf2 and p62 expression and reduction in myogenin expression that occur due to high Pi. We further elucidated that doxorubicin and hydrogen peroxide reduced the amount of myogenin protein mediated through the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/Nrf2 pathway, differently from the mechanism of high Pi. The dual functional roles of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) were found to be dependent on the working concentration, where concentrations below 1 mM L-AA reversed the effect of high Pi on myogenin and those above 1 mM L-AA had a similar effect of high Pi on myogenin when used alone. L-AA exacerbated the effect of hydrogen peroxide on myogenin protein and had no further effect of doxorubicin on myogenin protein. In summary, our results further our understanding of the crosstalk between myogenin and Nrf2, with the identification and verification of several potential drugs that can be applied in rescuing the decline of myogenin due to high Pi in muscle cells.
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15
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Calcium Phosphate-Based Biomaterials for Bone Repair. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040187. [PMID: 36278657 PMCID: PMC9589993 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic, tumoral, and infectious bone defects are common in clinics, and create a big burden on patient's families and society. Calcium phosphate (CaP)-based biomaterials have superior properties and have been widely used for bone defect repair, due to their similarities to the inorganic components of human bones. The biological performance of CaPs, as a determining factor for their applications, are dependent on their physicochemical properties. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) as the most thermally stable crystalline phase of CaP is mostly used in the form of ceramics or composites scaffolds with polymers. Nanostructured CaPs with large surface areas are suitable for drug/gene delivery systems. Additionally, CaP scaffolds with hierarchical nano-/microstructures have demonstrated excellent ability in promoting bone regeneration. This review focuses on the relationships and interactions between the physicochemical/biological properties of CaP biomaterials and their species, sizes, and morphologies in bone regeneration, including synthesis strategies, structure control, biological behavior, and the mechanisms of CaP in promoting osteogenesis. This review will be helpful for scientists and engineers to further understand CaP-based biomaterials (CaPs), and be useful in developing new high-performance biomaterials for bone repair.
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16
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Various Coated Barrier Membranes for Better Guided Bone Regeneration: A Review. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A good barrier membrane is one of the important factors for effective guided bone/tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR) in the case of periodontal bone defects. Several methods are being discussed to overcome and improve the shortcomings of commercially available membranes. One of the methods is to coat the membrane with bioactive materials. In this study, 41 studies related to coated membranes for GBR/GTR published in the last 5 years were reviewed. These studies reported coating the membrane with various bioactive materials through different techniques to improve osteogenesis, antimicrobial properties, and physical/mechanical properties. The reported studies have been classified and discussed based on the purpose of coating. The goal of the most actively studied research on coating or surface modification of membranes is to improve new bone formation. For this purpose, calcium phosphate, bioactive glass, polydopamine, osteoinduced drugs, chitosan, platelet-rich fibrin, enamel matrix derivatives, amelotin, hyaluronic acid, tantalum, and copper were used as membrane coating materials. The paradigm of barrier membranes is changing from only inert (or biocompatible) physical barriers to bioactive osteo-immunomodulatory for effective guided bone and tissue regeneration. However, there is a limitation that there exists only a few clinical studies on humans to date. Efforts are needed to implement the use of coated membranes from the laboratory bench to the dental chair unit. Further clinical studies are needed in the patients’ group for long-term follow-up to confirm the effect of various coating materials.
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17
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Potential bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:42-63. [PMID: 35087962 PMCID: PMC8777287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are considered the most suitable absorbable metals for bone fracture fixation implants. The main challenge in absorbable magnesium alloys is their high corrosion/degradation rate that needs to be controlled. Various coatings have been applied to magnesium alloys to slow down their corrosion rates to match their corrosion rate to the regeneration rate of the bone fracture. In this review, a bioactive coating is proposed to slow down the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys and accelerate the bone fracture healing process. The main aim of the bioactive coatings is to enhance the direct attachment of living tissues and thereby facilitate osteoconduction. Hydroxyapatite, collagen type I, recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2, simvastatin, zoledronate, and strontium are six bioactive agents that show high potential for developing a bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants. In addition to coating, the substrate itself can be made bioactive by alloying magnesium with calcium, zinc, copper, and manganese that were found to promote bone regeneration. Bioactive-coated magnesium implant could accelerate bone fracture healing time to match with magnesium degradation. Hydroxyapatite, collagen type I, recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2, simvastatin, zoledronate, and strontium are high potential bioactive coating materials. The incorporation of Ca, Zn, Cu, Sr, and Mn in Mg base-metal could further enhance bone formation.
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18
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A bioactive porous scaffold containing collagen/ phosphorous-modified polycaprolactone for osteogenesis of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Tanaka M, Izumiya M, Haniu H, Ueda K, Ma C, Ueshiba K, Ideta H, Sobajima A, Uchiyama S, Takahashi J, Saito N. Current Methods in the Study of Nanomaterials for Bone Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071195. [PMID: 35407313 PMCID: PMC9000656 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials show great promise as bone regeneration materials. They can be used as fillers to strengthen bone regeneration scaffolds, or employed in their natural form as carriers for drug delivery systems. A variety of experiments have been conducted to evaluate the osteogenic potential of bone regeneration materials. In vivo, such materials are commonly tested in animal bone defect models to assess their bone regeneration potential. From an ethical standpoint, however, animal experiments should be minimized. A standardized in vitro strategy for this purpose is desirable, but at present, the results of studies conducted under a wide variety of conditions have all been evaluated equally. This review will first briefly introduce several bone regeneration reports on nanomaterials and the nanosize-derived caveats of evaluations in such studies. Then, experimental techniques (in vivo and in vitro), types of cells, culture media, fetal bovine serum, and additives will be described, with specific examples of the risks of various culture conditions leading to erroneous conclusions in biomaterial analysis. We hope that this review will create a better understanding of the evaluation of biomaterials, including nanomaterials for bone regeneration, and lead to the development of versatile assessment methods that can be widely used in biomaterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okaya City Hospital, 4-11-33 Honcho, Okaya, Nagano 394-8512, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (H.H.); Tel.: +81-266-23-8000 (M.T.); +81-263-37-3555 (H.H.)
| | - Makoto Izumiya
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (K.U.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (K.U.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (H.H.); Tel.: +81-266-23-8000 (M.T.); +81-263-37-3555 (H.H.)
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (K.U.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Chuang Ma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (K.U.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Koki Ueshiba
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (K.U.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ideta
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (A.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Atsushi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (A.S.); (J.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics (Lower Limbs), Social Medical Care Corporation Hosei-kai Marunouchi Hospital, 1-7-45 Nagisa, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8601, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Uchiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okaya City Hospital, 4-11-33 Honcho, Okaya, Nagano 394-8512, Japan;
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (A.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (K.U.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (N.S.)
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20
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Borciani G, Ciapetti G, Vitale-Brovarone C, Baldini N. Strontium Functionalization of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Purposes: A Biological Point of View. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051724. [PMID: 35268956 PMCID: PMC8911212 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Strontium (Sr) is a trace element taken with nutrition and found in bone in close connection to native hydroxyapatite. Sr is involved in a dual mechanism of coupling the stimulation of bone formation with the inhibition of bone resorption, as reported in the literature. Interest in studying Sr has increased in the last decades due to the development of strontium ranelate (SrRan), an orally active agent acting as an anti-osteoporosis drug. However, the use of SrRan was subjected to some limitations starting from 2014 due to its negative side effects on the cardiac safety of patients. In this scenario, an interesting perspective for the administration of Sr is the introduction of Sr ions in biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. This strategy has attracted attention thanks to its positive effects on bone formation, alongside the reduction of osteoclast activity, proven by in vitro and in vivo studies. The purpose of this review is to go through the classes of biomaterials most commonly used in BTE and functionalized with Sr, i.e., calcium phosphate ceramics, bioactive glasses, metal-based materials, and polymers. The works discussed in this review were selected as representative for each type of the above-mentioned categories, and the biological evaluation in vitro and/or in vivo was the main criterion for selection. The encouraging results collected from the in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations are outlined to highlight the potential applications of materials’ functionalization with Sr as an osteopromoting dopant in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Borciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366748
| | - Gabriela Ciapetti
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory for Nanobiotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale-Brovarone
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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21
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Vermeulen S, Birgani ZT, Habibovic P. Biomaterial-induced pathway modulation for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Hinkelmann S, Springwald AH, Starke A, Kalwa H, Wölk C, Hacker MC, Schulz-Siegmund M. Microtissues from mesenchymal stem cells and siRNA-loaded cross-linked gelatin microparticles for bone regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100190. [PMID: 34988418 PMCID: PMC8693629 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the evaluation of cross-linked gelatin microparticles (cGM) as substrates for osteogenic cell culture to assemble 3D microtissues and their use as delivery system for siRNA to cells in these assemblies. In a 2D transwell cultivation system, we found that cGM are capable to accumulate calcium ions from the surrounding medium. Such a separation of cGM and SaOS-2 cells consequently led to a suppressed matrix mineral formation in the SaOS-2 culture on the well bottom of the transwell system. Thus, we decided to use cGM as component in 3D microtissues and get a close contact between calcium ion accumulating microparticles and cells to improve matrix mineralization. Gelatin microparticles were cross-linked with a N,N-diethylethylenediamine-derivatized (DEED) maleic anhydride (MA) containing oligo (pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-MA) (oPNMA) and aggregated with SaOS-2 or human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to microtissue spheroids. We systematically varied the content of cGM in microtissues and observed cell differentiation and tissue formation. Microtissues were characterized by gene expression, ALP activity and matrix mineralization. Mineralization was detectable in microtissues with SaOS-2 cells after 7 days and with hMSC after 24–28 days in osteogenic culture. When we transfected hMSC via cGM loaded with Lipofectamine complexed chordin siRNA, we found increased ALP activity and accelerated mineral formation in microtissues in presence of BMP-2. As a model for positive paracrine effects that indicate promising in vivo effects of these microtissues, we incubated pre-differentiated microtissues with freshly seeded hMSC monolayers and found improved mineral formation all over the well in the co-culture model. These findings may support the concept of microtissues from hMSC and siRNA-loaded cGM for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hinkelmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra H Springwald
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annett Starke
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann Kalwa
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wölk
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael C Hacker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Biofunctional phosphorylated magnetic scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 211:112284. [PMID: 34952284 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of highly bioactive engineered scaffolds is required to promote bone regeneration and the success of bone tissue engineering treatment approaches. This study attempts to fabricate a biofunctional magnetic scaffold based on new phosphorylated polycaprolactone combined with gelatin (MNPs-PCL-P/gelatin). Phosphorylated polymer and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized and characterized by NMR, FT-IR, TEM, and DLS instruments. The synthetic polymer, MNPs, and biopolymer were mixed then freeze-dried to prepare a porous scaffold. Physiochemical assessments showed that a scaffold with well-developed porous morphology, and stable structure was obtained. MNPs-PCL-P/gelatin scaffold had no toxicity on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The use of phosphorous-containing polymer resulted in improvement of the scaffold's osteoconductivity to support proper cell attachment and promote cell proliferation. Phosphate group by mimicking function of bone phosphate groups stimulate bone mineralization that reflected by alizarin red S staining assay. The presence of MNPs resulted in higher ALP activity and increased expression level of RUNX2, BMP2 osteogenic biomarkers. Also, phosphorylation enhanced osteoinductivity of scaffold and upregulate RUNX2, BMP2, COL1A1, and OCN genes in phosphors-containing scaffold test groups. It seems that biocompatible MNPs-PCL-P/gelatin scaffold possesses the potential of applications in bone tissue engineering.
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24
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Bahraminasab M, Janmohammadi M, Arab S, Talebi A, Nooshabadi VT, Koohsarian P, Nourbakhsh MS. Bone Scaffolds: An Incorporation of Biomaterials, Cells, and Biofactors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5397-5431. [PMID: 34797061 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Large injuries to bones are still one of the most challenging musculoskeletal problems. Tissue engineering can combine stem cells, scaffold biomaterials, and biofactors to aid in resolving this complication. Therefore, this review aims to provide information on the recent advances made to utilize the potential of biomaterials for making bone scaffolds and the assisted stem cell therapy and use of biofactors for bone tissue engineering. The requirements and different types of biomaterials used for making scaffolds are reviewed. Furthermore, the importance of stem cells and biofactors (growth factors and extracellular vesicles) in bone regeneration and their use in bone scaffolds and the key findings are discussed. Lastly, some of the main obstacles in bone tissue engineering and future trends are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Bahraminasab
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3513138111, Iran.,Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3513138111, Iran
| | - Mahsa Janmohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan 3513119111, Iran
| | - Samaneh Arab
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3513138111, Iran.,Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3513138111, Iran
| | - Athar Talebi
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3513138111, Iran
| | - Vajihe Taghdiri Nooshabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3513138111, Iran.,Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3513138111, Iran
| | - Parisa Koohsarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3513138111, Iran
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25
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Alcala-Orozco CR, Cui X, Hooper GJ, Lim KS, Woodfield TB. Converging functionality: Strategies for 3D hybrid-construct biofabrication and the role of composite biomaterials for skeletal regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:188-216. [PMID: 33713862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, biomaterial development and our increasing understanding of cell biology has created enormous potential for the development of personalized regenerative therapies. In the context of skeletal tissue engineering, physical and biological demands play key roles towards successful construct implantation and the achievement of bone, cartilage and blood vessel tissue formation. Nevertheless, meeting such physical and biological demands to mimic the complexity of human tissues and their functionality is still a significant ongoing challenge. Recent studies have demonstrated that combination of AM technologies and advanced biomaterials has great potential towards skeletal tissue engineering. This review aims to analyze how the most prominent technologies and discoveries in the field converge towards the development of advanced constructs for skeletal regeneration. Particular attention is placed on hybrid biofabrication strategies, combining bioinks for cell delivery with biomaterial inks providing physical support. Hybrid biofabrication has been the focus of recent emerging strategies, however there has been limited review and analysis of these techniques and the challenges involved. Furthermore, we have identified that there are multiple hybrid fabrication strategies, here we present a category system where each strategy is reviewed highlighting their distinct advantages, challenges and potential applications. In addition, bioinks and biomaterial inks are the main components of the hybrid biofabrication strategies, where it is recognized that such platforms still lack optimal physical and biological functionality. Thus, this review also explores the development of composite materials specifically targeting the enhancement of physical and biological functionality towards improved skeletal tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biofabrication strategies capable of recreating the complexity of native tissues could open new clinical possibilities towards patient-specific regenerative therapies and disease models. Several reviews target the existing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies that may be utilised for biomedical purposes. However, this work presents a unique perspective, describing how such AM technologies have been recently translated towards hybrid fabrication strategies, targeting the fabrication of constructs with converging physical and biological properties. Furthermore, we address composite bioinks and biomaterial inks that have been engineered to overcome traditional limitations, and might be applied to the hybrid fabrication strategies outlined. This work offers ample perspectives and insights into the current and future challenges for the fabrication of skeletal tissues aiming towards clinical and biomedical applications.
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26
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Abstract
Regenerative engineering has pioneered several novel biomaterials to treat critical-sized bone injuries. However, despite significant improvement in synthetic materials research, some limitations still exist. The constraints correlated with the current grafting methods signify a treatment paradigm shift to osteoinductive regenerative engineering approaches. Because of their intrinsic potential, inductive biomaterials may represent alternative approaches to treating critical bone injuries. Osteoinductive scaffolds stimulate stem cell differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage, enhancing bone regeneration. Inductive biomaterials comprise polymers, calcium phosphate ceramics, metals, and graphene family materials. This review will assess the cellular behavior toward properties of inductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Hosseini
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Skeletal Biology and Regeneration, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - L S Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - C T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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27
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Zhang X, Liu W, Liu J, Hu Y, Dai H. Poly-ε-caprolactone/Whitlockite Electrospun Bionic Membrane with an Osteogenic-Angiogenic Coupling Effect for Periosteal Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3321-3331. [PMID: 34148343 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The periosteum is rich in vascular networks, osteoprogenitor cells, and stem cells and plays an important role in bone defect repair. However, existing artificial periosteum materials still have difficulty in meeting clinical requirements, such as good mechanical properties and bionic structure construction, osteogenic differentiation, and vascularization capabilities. Here, a poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)/whitlockite (WH, 5, 10, 15 wt %) artificial periosteum with different doping amounts was prepared by electrospinning technology. According to the results of in vitro mineralization experiments, the rapid ion release from WH promotes the deposition of mineralized hydroxyapatite. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, in vitro angiogenesis, and cell migration experiments showed that the bionic periosteum of the 15% WH group had the best release rate of Mg2+ and the best ability to promote the human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis and migration. In addition, this group promoted collagen formation and calcium deposition. Finally, the subcutaneous implantation model was used to verify the biocompatibility and angiogenesis ability of the proposed membrane in vivo. Overall, this biomimetic PCL/WH nanofiber membrane combines the positive osteogenic differentiation ability and angiogenic ability of calcium phosphate materials and thus has good application prospects in the field of periosteal repair in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, China
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28
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Kruithof BPT, van de Pol V, Los T, Lodder K, Gourabi BM, DeRuiter MC, Goumans MJ, Ajmone Marsan N. New calcification model for intact murine aortic valves. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 156:95-104. [PMID: 33744308 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a common progressive disease of the aortic valves, for which no medical treatment exists and surgery represents currently the only therapeutic solution. The development of novel pharmacological treatments for CAVD has been hampered by the lack of suitable test-systems, which require the preservation of the complex valve structure in a mechanically and biochemical controllable system. Therefore, we aimed at establishing a model which allows the study of calcification in intact mouse aortic valves by using the Miniature Tissue Culture System (MTCS), an ex vivo flow model for whole mouse hearts. Aortic valves of wild-type mice were cultured in the MTCS and exposed to osteogenic medium (OSM, containing ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone) or inorganic phosphates (PI). Osteogenic calcification occurred in the aortic valve leaflets that were cultured ex vivo in the presence of PI, but not of OSM. In vitro cultured mouse and human valvular interstitial cells calcified in both OSM and PI conditions, revealing in vitro-ex vivo differences. Furthermore, endochondral differentiation occurred in the aortic root of ex vivo cultured mouse hearts near the hinge of the aortic valve in both PI and OSM conditions. Dexamethasone was found to induce endochondral differentiation in the aortic root, but to inhibit calcification and the expression of osteogenic markers in the aortic leaflet, partly explaining the absence of calcification in the aortic valve cultured with OSM. The osteogenic calcifications in the aortic leaflet and the endochondral differentiation in the aortic root resemble calcifications found in human CAVD. In conclusion, we have established an ex vivo calcification model for intact wild-type murine aortic valves in which the initiation and progression of aortic valve calcification can be studied. The in vitro-ex vivo differences found in our studies underline the importance of ex vivo models to facilitate pre-clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn P T Kruithof
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Vera van de Pol
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Los
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Lodder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Babak Mousavi Gourabi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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29
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Serna J, Bergwitz C. Importance of Dietary Phosphorus for Bone Metabolism and Healthy Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3001. [PMID: 33007883 PMCID: PMC7599912 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a critical function in many tissues of the body: for example, as part of the hydroxyapatite in the skeleton and as a substrate for ATP synthesis. Pi is the main source of dietary phosphorus. Reduced bioavailability of Pi or excessive losses in the urine causes rickets and osteomalacia. While critical for health in normal amounts, dietary phosphorus is plentiful in the Western diet and is often added to foods as a preservative. This abundance of phosphorus may reduce longevity due to metabolic changes and tissue calcifications. In this review, we examine how dietary phosphorus is absorbed in the gut, current knowledge about Pi sensing, and endocrine regulation of Pi levels. Moreover, we also examine the roles of Pi in different tissues, the consequences of low and high dietary phosphorus in these tissues, and the implications for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Serna
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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30
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The Impact of Bioactive Surfaces in the Early Stages of Osseointegration: An In Vitro Comparative Study Evaluating the HAnano® and SLActive® Super Hydrophilic Surfaces. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3026893. [PMID: 33005686 PMCID: PMC7509554 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3026893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased effort on developing novel and active surfaces in order to accelerate their osteointegration, such as nanosized crystalline hydroxyapatite coating (HAnano®). To better understand the biological behavior of osteoblasts grown on HAnano® surface, the set of data was compared with SLActive®, a hydrophilic sandblasted titanium surface. Methodologically, osteoblasts were seeded on both surfaces up to 72 hours, to allow evaluating cell adhesion, viability, and set of genes encoding proteins related with adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Our data shows HAnano® displays an interesting substrate to support cell adhesion with typical spread morphologic cells, while SLActive®-adhering cells presented fusiform morphology. Our data shows that the cellular adhesion mechanism was accompanied with upexpression of integrin β1, Fak, and Src, favoring the assembling of focal adhesion platforms and coupling cell cycle progression (upmodulating of Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6 genes) in response to HAnano®. Additionally, both bioactive surfaces promoted osteoblast differentiation stimulus, by activating Runx2, Osterix, and Alp genes. Although both surfaces promoted Rankl gene expression, Opg gene expression was higher in SLActive® and this difference reflected on the Rankl/Opg ratio. Finally, Caspase1 gene was significantly upmodulated in response to HAnano® and it suggests an involvement of the inflammasome complex. Collectively, this study provides enough evidences to support that the nanohydroxyapatite-coated surface provides the necessary microenvironment to drive osteoblast performance on dental implants and these stages of osteogenesis are expected during the early stages of osseointegration.
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31
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Patel A, Zaky SH, Schoedel K, Li H, Sant V, Beniash E, Sfeir C, Stolz DB, Sant S. Design and evaluation of collagen-inspired mineral-hydrogel nanocomposites for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:262-273. [PMID: 32497742 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss due to trauma and tumors remains a serious clinical concern. Due to limited availability and disease transmission risk with autografts and allografts, calcium phosphate bone fillers and growth factor-based substitute bone grafts are currently used in the clinic. However, substitute grafts lack bone regeneration potential when used without growth factors. When used along with the added growth factors, they lead to unwanted side effects such as uncontrolled bone growth. Collagen-based hydrogel grafts available on the market fail to provide structural guidance to native cells due to high water-solubility and faster degradation. To overcome these limitations, we employed bioinspired material design and fabricated three different hydrogels with structural features similar to native collagen at multiple length-scales. These hydrogels fabricated using polyionic complexation of oppositely charged natural polysaccharides exhibited multi-scale architecture mimicking nanoscale banding pattern, and microscale fibrous structure of native collagen. All three hydrogels promoted biomimetic apatite-like mineral deposition in vitro elucidating crystalline structure on the surface while amorphous calcium phosphate inside the hydrogels resulting in mineral-hydrogel nanocomposites. When evaluated in a non-load bearing critical size mouse calvaria defect model, chitosan - kappa carrageenan mineral-hydrogel nanocomposites enhanced bone regeneration without added growth factors compared to empty defect as well as widely used marketed collagen scaffolds. Histological assessment of the regenerated bone revealed improved healing and tissue remodeling with mineral-hydrogel nanocomposites. Overall, these collagen-inspired mineral-hydrogel nanocomposites showed multi-scale hierarchical structure and can potentially serve as promising bioactive hydrogel to promote bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogels, especially collagen, are widely used in bone tissue engineering. Collagen fibrils play arguably the most important role during natural bone development. Its multi-scale hierarchical structure to form fibers from fibrils and electrostatic charges enable mineral sequestration, nucleation, and growth. However, bulk collagen hydrogels exhibit limited bone regeneration and are mostly used as carriers for highly potent growth factors such as bone morphogenic protein-2, which increase the risk of uncontrolled bone growth. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for a collagen-inspired biomaterial that can recreate structural hierarchy, mineral sequestration ability, and stimulate recruitment of host progenitor cells to facilitate bone regeneration. Here, we propose collagen-inspired bioactive mineral-hydrogel nanocomposites as a growth factor-free approach to guide and enhance bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Samer H Zaky
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Karen Schoedel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Hongshuai Li
- Musculoskeletal Growth & Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Vinayak Sant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Elia Beniash
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Charles Sfeir
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Shilpa Sant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.
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32
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Mi X, Gupte MJ, Zhang Z, Swanson WB, McCauley LK, Ma PX. Three-Dimensional Electrodeposition of Calcium Phosphates on Porous Nanofibrous Scaffolds and Their Controlled Release of Calcium for Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32503-32513. [PMID: 32659074 PMCID: PMC7384879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To mimic the bone matrix of mineralized collagen and to impart microporous structure to facilitate cell migration and bone regeneration, we developed a nanofibrous (NF) polymer scaffold with highly interconnected pores and three-dimensional calcium phosphate coating utilizing an electrodeposition technique. The mineral content, morphology, crystal structure, and chemical composition could be tailored by adjusting the deposition temperature, voltage, and duration. A higher voltage and a higher temperature led to a greater rate of mineralization. Furthermore, nearly linear calcium releasing kinetics was achieved from the mineralized 3D scaffolds. The releasing rate was controlled by varying the initial electrodeposition conditions. A higher deposition voltage and temperature led to slower calcium release, which was associated with the highly crystalline and stoichiometric hydroxyapatite content. This premineralized NF scaffold enhanced bone regeneration over the control scaffold in a subcutaneous implantation model, which was associated with released calcium ions in facilitating osteogenic cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Mi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melanie J. Gupte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhanpeng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - W. Benton Swanson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Corresponding author: Peter X. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, 1011 North University Ave., Room 2211, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA. Tel.: +1 734 764 2209; fax: +1 734 647 2110,
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33
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Lavanya K, Chandran SV, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N. Temperature- and pH-responsive chitosan-based injectable hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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34
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Khalid S, Yamazaki H, Socorro M, Monier D, Beniash E, Napierala D. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as an underlying mechanism of inorganic phosphate (P i)-induced mineralization of osteogenic cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:103-111. [PMID: 32330587 PMCID: PMC7262875 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are a natural byproduct of oxygen metabolism. At physiological levels, ROS regulate multiple cellular processes like proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Increased levels of ROS are associated with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and vascular calcification, where they elicit cytotoxic effects. These contrasting outcomes of ROS have also been reported in osteogenic precursor cells. However, the role of ROS in committed osteogenic cells has not been investigated. Cytotoxic and physiologic effects have also been demonstrated for extracellular phosphate (Pi). Specifically, in committed osteogenic cells Pi stimulates their major function (mineralization), however in osteogenic precursors and endothelial cells Pi cytotoxicity has been reported. Interestingly, Pi cytotoxic effects have been associated with ROS production in the pathological vascular mineralization. In this study, we investigated a molecular mechanistic link between elevated Pi and ROS production in the context of the mineralization function of committed osteogenic cells. Using committed osteogenic cells, 17IIA11 odontoblast-like cell and MLO-A5 osteoblast cell lines, we have unveil that Pi enhances intracellular ROS production. Furthermore, using a combination of mineralization assays and gene expression analyses, we determined that Pi-induced intracellular ROS supports the physiological mineralization process. In contrast, the exogenous ROS, provided in a form of H2O2, was detrimental for osteogenic cells. By comparing molecular signaling cascades induced by extracellular ROS and Pi, we identified differences in signaling routes that determine physiologic versus toxic effect of ROS on osteogenic cells. Specifically, while both extracellular and Pi-induced intracellular ROS utilize Erk1/2 signaling mediator, only extracellular ROS induces stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases P38 and JNK that are associated with cell death. In summary, our results uncovered a physiological role of ROS in the Pi-induced mineralization through the molecular pathway that is distinct from ROS-induced cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khalid
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mairobys Socorro
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daisy Monier
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elia Beniash
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dept. of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Mahmoud NS, Ahmed HH, Mohamed MR, Amr KS, Aglan HA, Ali MAM, Tantawy MA. Role of nanoparticles in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:1-22. [PMID: 31722051 PMCID: PMC7002803 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the osteoinductive potentiality of some selected nanostructures; Hydroxyapatite (HA-NPs), Gold (Au-NPs), Chitosan (C-NPs), Gold/hydroxyapatite (Au/HA-NPs) and Chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CH-NPs) on bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). These nanostructures were characterized using transmission electron microscope and Zetasizer. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of rat femur bones and their identity was documented by morphology, flow cytometry and multi-potency capacity. The influence of the selected nanostructures on the viability, osteogenic differentiation and subsequent matrix mineralization of BM-MSCs was determined by MTT assay, molecular genetic analysis and alizarin red S staining, respectively. MTT analysis revealed insignificant toxicity of the tested nanostructures on BM-MSCs at concentrations ranged from 2 to 25 µg/ml over 48 h and 72 h incubation period. Notably, the tested nanostructures potentiate the osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs as evidenced by a prominent over-expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) genes after 7 days incubation. Moreover, the tested nanostructures induced matrix mineralization of BM-MSCs after 21 days as manifested by the formation of calcium nodules stained with alizarin red S. Conclusively, these data provide a compelling evidence for the functionality of the studied nanostructures as osteoinductive materials motivating the differentiation of BM-MSCs into osteoblasts with the most prominent effect observed with Au-NPs and Au/HA-NPs, followed by CH-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S. Mahmoud
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL -Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622 Egypt
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H. Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL -Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622 Egypt
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalda S. Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Researches Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hadeer A. Aglan
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL -Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622 Egypt
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. M. Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL -Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622 Egypt
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Calcium Polyphosphate Nanoparticles Act as an Effective Inorganic Phosphate Source during Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225801. [PMID: 31752206 PMCID: PMC6887735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) to differentiate into osteoblasts makes them the ideal candidate for cell-based therapies targeting bone-diseases. Polyphosphate (polyP) is increasingly being studied as a potential inorganic source of phosphate for extracellular matrix mineralisation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether polyP can effectively be used as a phosphate source during the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human BM-MSCs. Human BM-MSCs are cultivated under osteogenic conditions for 28 days with phosphate provided in the form of organic β-glycerolphosphate (BGP) or calcium-polyP nanoparticles (polyP-NP). Mineralisation is demonstrated using Alizarin red staining, cellular ATP content, and free phosphate levels are measured in both the cells and the medium. The effects of BGP or polyP-NP on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene expression of a range of osteogenic-related markers are also assessed. PolyP-NP supplementation displays comparable effects to the classical BGP-containing osteogenic media in terms of mineralisation, ALP activity and expression of osteogenesis-associated genes. This study shows that polyP-NP act as an effective source of phosphate during mineralisation of BM-MSC. These results open new possibilities with BM-MSC-based approaches for bone repair to be achieved through doping of conventional biomaterials with polyP-NP.
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Benmassaoud MM, Gultian KA, DiCerbo M, Vega SL. Hydrogel screening approaches for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1460:25-42. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew DiCerbo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRowan University Glassboro New Jersey
| | - Sebastián L. Vega
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRowan University Glassboro New Jersey
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Jeong J, Kim JH, Shim JH, Hwang NS, Heo CY. Bioactive calcium phosphate materials and applications in bone regeneration. Biomater Res 2019; 23:4. [PMID: 30675377 PMCID: PMC6332599 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone regeneration involves various complex biological processes. Many experiments have been performed using biomaterials in vivo and in vitro to promote and understand bone regeneration. Among the many biomaterials, calcium phosphates which exist in the natural bone have been conducted a number of studies because of its bone regenerative property. It can be directly contributed to bone regeneration process or assist in the use of other biomaterials. Therefore, it is widely used in many applications and has been continuously studied. MAINBODY Calcium phosphate has been widely used in bone regeneration applications because it shows osteoconductive and in some cases osteoinductive features. The release of calcium and phosphorus ions regulates the activation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to facilitate bone regeneration. The control of surface properties and porosity of calcium phosphate affects cell/protein adhesion and growth and regulates bone mineral formation. Properties affecting bioactivity vary depending on the types of calcium phosphates such as HAP, TCP and can be utilized in various applications because of differences in ion release, solubility, stability, and mechanical strength. In order to make use of these properties, different calcium phosphates have been used together or mixed with other materials to complement their disadvantages and to highlight their advantages. Calcium phosphate has been utilized to improve bone regeneration in ways such as increasing osteoconductivity for bone ingrowth, enhancing osteoinductivity for bone mineralization with ion release control, and encapsulating drugs or growth factors. CONCLUSION Calcium phosphate has been used for bone regeneration in various forms such as coating, cement and scaffold based on its unique bioactive properties and bone regeneration effectiveness. Additionally, several studies have been actively carried out to improve the efficacy of calcium phosphate in combination with various healing agents. By summarizing the properties of calcium phosphate and its research direction, we hope that calcium phosphate can contribute to the clinical treatment approach for bone defect and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Shim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
- N-Bio/BioMAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Beck L. Expression and function of Slc34 sodium-phosphate co-transporters in skeleton and teeth. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:175-184. [PMID: 30511265 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Under normal physiological condition, the biomineralization process is limited to skeletal tissues and teeth and occurs throughout the individual's life. Biomineralization is an actively regulated process involving the progressive mineralization of the extracellular matrix secreted by osteoblasts in bone or odontoblasts and ameloblasts in tooth. Although the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of calcium-phosphate apatite crystals are still debated, it is suggested that calcium and phosphate may need to be transported across the membrane of the mineralizing cell, suggesting a pivotal role of phosphate transporters in bone and tooth mineralization. In this context, this short review describes the current knowledge on the role of Slc34 Na+-phosphate transporters in skeletal and tooth mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Beck
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France. .,Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, 44042, Nantes, France.
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Michigami T, Kawai M, Yamazaki M, Ozono K. Phosphate as a Signaling Molecule and Its Sensing Mechanism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2317-2348. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, phosphate balance is maintained by influx and efflux via the intestines, kidneys, bone, and soft tissue, which involves multiple sodium/phosphate (Na+/Pi) cotransporters, as well as regulation by several hormones. Alterations in the levels of extracellular phosphate exert effects on both skeletal and extra-skeletal tissues, and accumulating evidence has suggested that phosphate itself evokes signal transduction to regulate gene expression and cell behavior. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that an elevation in extracellular Piactivates fibroblast growth factor receptor, Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway and Akt pathway, which might involve the type III Na+/Picotransporter PiT-1. Excessive phosphate loading can lead to various harmful effects by accelerating ectopic calcification, enhancing oxidative stress, and dysregulating signal transduction. The responsiveness of mammalian cells to altered extracellular phosphate levels suggests that they may sense and adapt to phosphate availability, although the precise mechanism for phosphate sensing in mammals remains unclear. Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and yeast, use some types of Pitransporters and other molecules, such as kinases, to sense the environmental Piavailability. Multicellular animals may need to integrate signals from various organs to sense the phosphate levels as a whole organism, similarly to higher plants. Clarification of the phosphate-sensing mechanism in humans may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat diseases caused by phosphate imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamazaki
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Hanna H, Mir LM, Andre FM. In vitro osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells generates cell layers with distinct properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:203. [PMID: 30053888 PMCID: PMC6063016 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts is widely performed in research laboratories. Classical tests to prove this differentiation employ procedures such as cell fixation, cell lysis or cell scraping. Very few studies report gentle dissociation of mesenchymal stem cells undergoing an osteodifferentiation process. Here we used this technique to reveal the presence of several cell layers during osteogenesis and to study their different properties. Methods Through the sequential enzymatic detachment of the cells, we confirm the presence of several layers of differentiated cells and we compare them in terms of enzymatic sensitivity for dissociation, expression of cluster of differentiation, cytosolic calcium oscillations and osteogenic potential. Adipogenic and neurogenic differentiations were also performed in order to compare the cell layers. Results The cells undergoing differentiation formed one layer in the neurogenic differentiation, two layers in the adipogenic differentiation and at least four layers in the osteogenic differentiation. In the latter, the upper layers, maintained by a collagen I extracellular matrix, can be dissociated using collagenase I, while the remaining lowest layer, attached to the bottom of the dish, is sensitive only to trypsin-versene. The action of collagenase I is more efficient before the mineralization of the extracellular matrix. The collagenase-sensitive and trypsin-sensitive layers differ in their cluster of differentiation expression. The dissociation of the cells on day 15 reveals that cells could resume their growth (increase in cell number) and rapidly differentiate again in osteoblasts, in 2 weeks (instead of 4 weeks). Cells from the upper layers displayed a higher mineralization. Conclusions MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation form several layers with distinct osteogenic properties. This could allow the investigators to use upper layers to rapidly produce differentiated osteoblasts and the lowest layer to continue growth and differentiation until an ulterior dissociation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0942-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hanna
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, PR2, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 805, Villejuif, France
| | - Lluis M Mir
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, PR2, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 805, Villejuif, France
| | - Franck M Andre
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, PR2, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94 805, Villejuif, France.
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O’Neill E, Awale G, Daneshmandi L, Umerah O, Lo KWH. The roles of ions on bone regeneration. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:879-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Merametdjian L, Beck-Cormier S, Bon N, Couasnay G, Sourice S, Guicheux J, Gaucher C, Beck L. Expression of Phosphate Transporters during Dental Mineralization. J Dent Res 2017; 97:209-217. [PMID: 28892649 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517729811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of phosphate (Pi) as an essential component of hydroxyapatite crystals suggests a key role for membrane proteins controlling Pi uptake during mineralization in the tooth. To clarify the involvement of the currently known Pi transporters (Slc17a1, Slc34a1, Slc34a2, Slc34a3, Slc20a1, Slc20a2, and Xpr1) during tooth development and mineralization, we determined their spatiotemporal expression in murine tooth germs from embryonic day 14.5 to postnatal day 15 and in human dental samples from Nolla stages 6 to 9. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and X-gal staining, we showed that the expression of Slc17a1, Slc34a1, and Slc34a3 in tooth germs from C57BL/6 mice were very low. In contrast, Slc34a2, Slc20a1, Slc20a2, and Xpr1 were highly expressed, mostly during the postnatal stages. The expression of Slc20a2 was 2- to 10-fold higher than the other transporters. Comparable results were obtained in human tooth germs. In mice, Slc34a2 and Slc20a1 were predominantly expressed in ameloblasts but not odontoblasts, while Slc20a2 was detected neither in ameloblasts nor in odontoblasts. Rather, Slc20a2 was highly expressed in the stratum intermedium and the subodontoblastic cell layer. Although Slc20a2 knockout mice did not show enamel defects, mutant mice showed a disrupted dentin mineralization, displaying unmerged calcospherites at the mineralization front. This latter phenotypical finding raises the possibility that Slc20a2 may play an indirect role in regulating the extracellular Pi availability for mineralizing cells rather than a direct role in mediating Pi transport through mineralizing plasma cell membranes. By documenting the spatiotemporal expression of Pi transporters in the tooth, our data support the possibility that the currently known Pi transporters may be dispensable for the initiation of dental mineralization and may rather be involved later during the tooth mineralization scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Merametdjian
- 1 INSERM, U1229, RMeS, Nantes, France.,2 Université de Nantes, UMR_S1229, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,3 CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - S Beck-Cormier
- 1 INSERM, U1229, RMeS, Nantes, France.,2 Université de Nantes, UMR_S1229, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - N Bon
- 1 INSERM, U1229, RMeS, Nantes, France.,2 Université de Nantes, UMR_S1229, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - G Couasnay
- 1 INSERM, U1229, RMeS, Nantes, France.,2 Université de Nantes, UMR_S1229, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - S Sourice
- 1 INSERM, U1229, RMeS, Nantes, France.,2 Université de Nantes, UMR_S1229, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - J Guicheux
- 1 INSERM, U1229, RMeS, Nantes, France.,2 Université de Nantes, UMR_S1229, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,3 CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - C Gaucher
- 4 Dental School, University Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,5 AP-HP, Odontology Department, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, GHHM, Créteil, France
| | - L Beck
- 1 INSERM, U1229, RMeS, Nantes, France.,2 Université de Nantes, UMR_S1229, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
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Zhang F, Song J, Zhang H, Huang E, Song D, Tollemar V, Wang J, Wang J, Mohammed M, Wei Q, Fan J, Liao J, Zou Y, Liu F, Hu X, Qu X, Chen L, Yu X, Luu HH, Lee MJ, He TC, Ji P. Wnt and BMP Signaling Crosstalk in Regulating Dental Stem Cells: Implications in Dental Tissue Engineering. Genes Dis 2016; 3:263-276. [PMID: 28491933 PMCID: PMC5421560 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth is a complex hard tissue organ and consists of multiple cell types that are regulated by important signaling pathways such as Wnt and BMP signaling. Serious injuries and/or loss of tooth or periodontal tissues may significantly impact aesthetic appearance, essential oral functions and the quality of life. Regenerative dentistry holds great promise in treating oral/dental disorders. The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of our understanding of the biological features of dental stem cells, along with the signaling mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we first summarize the biological characteristics of seven types of dental stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, dental follicle precursor cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and MSCs from gingiva. We then focus on how these stem cells are regulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and/or Wnt signaling by examining the interplays between these pathways. Lastly, we analyze the current status of dental tissue engineering strategies that utilize oral/dental stem cells by harnessing the interplays between BMP and Wnt pathways. We also highlight the challenges that must be addressed before the dental stem cells may reach any clinical applications. Thus, we can expect to witness significant progresses to be made in regenerative dentistry in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jinglin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Enyi Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dongzhe Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Viktor Tollemar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maryam Mohammed
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junyi Liao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yulong Zou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiangyang Qu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
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Freeman FE, Stevens HY, Owens P, Guldberg RE, McNamara LM. Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Mimicking the Cellular Niche of the Endochondral Template. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1176-1190. [PMID: 27604384 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro bone regeneration strategies that prime mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with chondrogenic factors, to mimic aspects of the endochondral ossification process, have been shown to promote mineralization and vascularization by MSCs both in vitro and when implanted in vivo. However, these approaches required the use of osteogenic supplements, namely dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate, none of which are endogenous mediators of bone formation in vivo. Rather MSCs, endothelial progenitor cells, and chondrocytes all reside in proximity within the cartilage template and might paracrineally regulate osteogenic differentiation. Thus, this study tests the hypothesis that an in vitro bone regeneration approach that mimics the cellular niche existing during endochondral ossification, through coculture of MSCs, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes, will obviate the need for extraneous osteogenic supplements and provide an alternative strategy to elicit osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and mineral production. The specific objectives of this study were to (1) mimic the cellular niche existing during endochondral ossification and (2) investigate whether osteogenic differentiation could be induced without the use of any external growth factors. To test the hypothesis, we evaluated the mineralization and vessel formation potential of (a) a novel methodology involving both chondrogenic priming and the coculture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and MSCs compared with (b) chondrogenic priming of MSCs alone, (c) addition of HUVECs to chondrogenically primed MSC aggregates, (d-f) the same experimental groups cultured in the presence of osteogenic supplements and (g) a noncoculture group cultured in the presence of osteogenic growth factors alone. Biochemical (DNA, alkaline phosphatase [ALP], calcium, CD31+, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), histological (alcian blue, alizarin red), and immunohistological (CD31+) analyses were conducted to investigate osteogenic differentiation and vascularization at various time points (1, 2, and 3 weeks). The coculture methodology enhanced both osteogenesis and vasculogenesis compared with osteogenic differentiation alone, whereas osteogenic supplements inhibited the osteogenesis and vascularization (ALP, calcium, and VEGF) induced through coculture alone. Taken together, these results suggest that chondrogenic and vascular priming can obviate the need for osteogenic supplements to induce osteogenesis of human MSCs in vitro, while allowing for the formation of rudimentary vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- 1 Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- 2 George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter Owens
- 3 Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, National University of Ireland , Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- 2 George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- 1 Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
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Gel based in vitro 3D model exploring the osteocytic potentiality of human CD34+ stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1233-1242. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dorsomorphin homologue 1, a highly selective small-molecule bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor, suppresses medial artery calcification. J Vasc Surg 2016; 66:586-593. [PMID: 27374065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.03.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medial artery calcification develops in diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and as part of the aging process. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in vascular patients. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have previously been implicated in the initiation and progression of vascular calcification. We thus evaluated whether dorsomorphin homologue 1 (DMH1), a highly selective BMP inhibitor, could attenuate vascular calcification in vitro and in an organ culture model of medial calcification. METHODS Confluent human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were cultured in calcification medium containing 3.0 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi) for 7 days with or without DMH1. Medial calcification was assessed using an aortic organ culture model. Calcification was visualized by alizarin red S staining, and calcium concentration was assessed by an o-cresolphthalein complexone calcium assay. Osteogenic cell and vascular SMC markers were determined by Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS DMH1 reduced Pi-induced calcium deposition in human SMCs. It also antagonized human recombinant BMP2-induced calcium accumulation. Western blot further revealed that DMH1 was able to block Pi-mediated upregulation of the osteoblast markers osterix and alkaline phosphatase and downregulation of the SMC markers smooth muscle myosin heavy chain and SM22α as well as p-Smad1/5/8, suggesting that DMH1 may regulate SMC osteogenic differentiation through the BMP/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. Finally, using an ex vivo aortic ring organ culture model, we observed that DMH1 reduces Pi-induced aortic medial calcification. CONCLUSIONS The selective BMP inhibitor DMH1 can inhibit calcium accumulation in vascular SMCs and arterial segments exposed to elevated phosphate levels. Such small molecules may have clinical utility in reducing medial artery calcification in our population of vascular patients.
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Chaudhary SC, Kuzynski M, Bottini M, Beniash E, Dokland T, Mobley CG, Yadav MC, Poliard A, Kellermann O, Millán JL, Napierala D. Phosphate induces formation of matrix vesicles during odontoblast-initiated mineralization in vitro. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:284-300. [PMID: 26883946 PMCID: PMC4875887 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mineralization is a process of deposition of calcium phosphate crystals within a fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM). In mineralizing tissues, such as dentin, bone and hypertrophic cartilage, this process is initiated by a specific population of extracellular vesicles (EV), called matrix vesicles (MV). Although it has been proposed that MV are formed by shedding of the plasma membrane, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating formation of mineralization-competent MV are not fully elucidated. In these studies, 17IIA11, ST2, and MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cell lines were used to determine how formation of MV is regulated during initiation of the mineralization process. In addition, the molecular composition of MV secreted by 17IIA11 cells and exosomes from blood and B16-F10 melanoma cell line was compared to identify the molecular characteristics distinguishing MV from other EV. Western blot analyses demonstrated that MV released from 17IIA11 cells are characterized by high levels of proteins engaged in calcium and phosphate regulation, but do not express the exosomal markers CD81 and HSP70. Furthermore, we uncovered that the molecular composition of MV released by 17IIA11 cells changes upon exposure to the classical inducers of osteogenic differentiation, namely ascorbic acid and phosphate. Specifically, lysosomal proteins Lamp1 and Lamp2a were only detected in MV secreted by cells stimulated with osteogenic factors. Quantitative nanoparticle tracking analyses of MV secreted by osteogenic cells determined that standard osteogenic factors stimulate MV secretion and that phosphate is the main driver of their secretion. On the molecular level, phosphate-induced MV secretion is mediated through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases Erk1/2 and is accompanied by re-organization of filamentous actin. In summary, we determined that mineralization-competent MV are distinct from exosomes, and we identified a new role of phosphate in the process of ECM mineralization. These data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of MV formation during initiation of the mineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep C Chaudhary
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Maria Kuzynski
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Inflammatory and Infectious Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elia Beniash
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Terje Dokland
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Callie G Mobley
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Manisha C Yadav
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne Poliard
- EA2496 UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Odile Kellermann
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université René Descartes Paris 5, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Surrati A, Linforth R, Fisk ID, Sottile V, Kim DH. Non-destructive characterisation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation using LC-MS-based metabolite footprinting. Analyst 2016; 141:3776-87. [PMID: 27102615 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00170j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex biological process where major cellular changes take place to support the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal bone progenitors. To characterise these biological changes and better understand the pathways regulating the formation of mature bone cells, the metabolic profile of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation in vitro has been assessed non-invasively during osteogenic (OS) treatment using a footprinting technique. Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolite profiling of the culture medium was carried out in parallel to mineral deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity which are two hallmarks of osteogenesis in vitro. Metabolic profiles of spent culture media with a combination of univariate and multivariate analyses investigated concentration changes of extracellular metabolites and nutrients linked to the presence of MSCs in culture media. This non-invasive LC-MS-based analytical approach revealed significant metabolic changes between the media from control and OS-treated cells showing distinct effects of MSC differentiation on the environmental footprint of the cells in different conditions (control vs. OS treatment). A subset of compounds was directly linked to the osteogenic time-course of differentiation, and represent interesting metabolite candidates as non-invasive biomarkers for characterising the differentiation of MSCs in a culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Surrati
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue, Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, CBS Building - University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Chang MC, Lin SI, Lin LD, Chan CP, Lee MS, Wang TM, Jeng PY, Yeung SY, Jeng JH. Prostaglandin E2 Stimulates EP2, Adenylate Cyclase, Phospholipase C, and Intracellular Calcium Release to Mediate Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Production in Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2016; 42:584-8. [PMID: 26906242 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a crucial role in pulpal inflammation and repair. However, its induction of signal transduction pathways is not clear but is crucial for future control of pulpal inflammation. METHODS Primary dental pulp cells were exposed to PGE2 and 19R-OH PGE2 (EP2 agonist) or sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist) for 5 to 40 minutes. Cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In some experiments, cells were pretreated with SQ22536 (adenylate cyclase inhibitor), H89 (protein kinase A inhibitor), dorsomorphin (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor), U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor), thapsigargin (inhibitor of intracellular calcium release), W7 (calmodulin antagonist), verapamil (L-type calcium channel blocker), and EGTA (extracellular calcium chelator) for 20 minutes before the addition of PGE2. RESULTS PGE2 and 19R-OH PGE2 (EP2 agonist) stimulated cAMP production, whereas sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist) shows little effect. PGE2-induced cAMP production was attenuated by SQ22536 and U73122 but not H89 and dorsomorphin. Intriguingly, thapsigargin and W7 prevented PGE2-induced cAMP production, but verapamil and EGTA showed little effect. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PGE2-induced cAMP production is associated with EP2 receptor and adenylate cyclase activation. These events are mediated by phospholipase C, intracellular calcium release, and calcium-calmodulin signaling. These results are helpful for understanding the role of PGE2 in pulpal inflammation and repair and possible future drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-I Lin
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pulp Biology, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Deh Lin
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pulp Biology, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shu Lee
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pulp Biology, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Mei Wang
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pulp Biology, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Jeng
- School of Dentistry, University of Cardenal Herrera, CEU, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sin-Yuet Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pulp Biology, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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