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Chen J, Dang YM, Liu MC, Gao L, Guan T, Hu A, Xiong L, Lin H. AMPK induces PIAS3 mediated SUMOylation of E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 impairing osteogenic differentiation and traumatic heterotopic ossification. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119771. [PMID: 38844181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a typical sensor of intracellular energy metabolism. Our previous study revealed the role of activated AMPK in the suppression of osteogenic differentiation and traumatic heterotopic ossification, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 is a crucial regulator of osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. We report here that Smurf1 is primarily SUMOylated at a C-terminal lysine residue (K324), which enhances its activity, facilitating ALK2 proteolysis and subsequent bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway inhibition. Furthermore, SUMOylation of the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS3 and Smurf1 SUMOylation was suppressed during the osteogenic differentiation and traumatic heterotopic ossification. More importantly, we found that AMPK activation enhances the SUMOylation of Smurf1, which is mediated by PIAS3 and increases the association between PIAS3 and AMPK. Overall, our study revealed that Smurf1 can be SUMOylated by PIAS3, Furthermore, Smurf1 SUMOylation mediates osteogenic differentiation and traumatic heterotopic ossification through suppression of the BMP signaling pathway. This study revealed that promotion of Smurf1 SUMOylation by AMPK activation may be implicated in traumatic heterotopic ossification treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yan-Miao Dang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meng-Chao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Linqing Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tianshu Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Anxin Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lixia Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Woo SH, Kim DY, Choi JH. Roles of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerotic Calcification. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:106-118. [PMID: 37265849 PMCID: PMC10232217 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of calcium in atherosclerotic plaques is a prominent feature of advanced atherosclerosis, and it has a strong positive correlation with the total burden of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic calcification usually appears first at the necrotic core, indicating that cell death and inflammatory processes are involved in calcification. During atherosclerotic inflammation, various cell types, such as vascular smooth muscle cells, nascent resident pericytes, circulating stem cells, or adventitial cells, have been assumed to differentiate into osteoblastic cells, which lead to vascular calcification. Among these cell types, vascular smooth muscle cells are considered a major contributor to osteochondrogenic cells in the atherosclerotic milieu. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the osteochondrogenic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Woo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Liu H, Craig SEL, Molchanov V, Floramo JS, Zhao Y, Yang T. SUMOylation in Skeletal Development, Homeostasis, and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172710. [PMID: 36078118 PMCID: PMC9454984 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of proteins by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) molecules, SUMOylation, is a key post-translational modification involved in a variety of biological processes, such as chromosome organization, DNA replication and repair, transcription, nuclear transport, and cell signaling transduction. In recent years, emerging evidence has shown that SUMOylation regulates the development and homeostasis of the skeletal system, with its dysregulation causing skeletal diseases, suggesting that SUMOylation pathways may serve as a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which SUMOylation pathways regulate skeletal cells in physiological and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Skeletal Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-616-234-5820
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Iwamoto R, Takahashi T, Yoshimi K, Imai Y, Koide T, Hara M, Ninomiya T, Nakamura H, Sayama K, Yukita A. Chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28) negatively regulates trabecular bone mass by suppressing osteoblast and osteoclast activities. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:558-571. [PMID: 33721112 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone metabolism imbalances cause bone metabolism diseases, like osteoporosis, through aging. Although some chemokines are known to be involved in bone mass regulation, many have not been investigated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28) on bone metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the role of CCL28 on bone metabolism, 10-week-old male wild-type and Ccl28 knockout (Ccl28 KO) mice were analyzed. Microcomputed tomography analysis and bone tissue morphometry were used to investigate the effect of Ccl28 deficiency on the bone. CCL28 localization in bone tissue was assumed by immunohistochemistry. Osteoblast and osteoclast markers were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Finally, in vitro experiments using MC3T3-E1 and bone marrow macrophages revealed the direct effect of CCL28 on osteoblast and osteoclast. RESULTS This study showed that Ccl28 deficiency significantly increased bone mass and the number of mature osteoblasts. Immunoreactivity for CCL28 was observed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts on bone tissue. Additionally, Ccl28 deficiency promoted osteoblast and osteoclast maturation. Moreover, CCL28 treatment decreased osteoblast and osteoclast activities but did not affect differentiation. CONCLUSION In summary, this study indicated that CCL28 is one of the negative regulators of bone mass by suppressing osteoblast and osteoclast activities. These results provide important insights into bone immunology and the selection of new osteoporosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Iwamoto
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takumi Takahashi
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yoshimi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Division of Animal Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuji Imai
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Miroku Hara
- Department of Oral Diagnostics and Comprehensive Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University Hospital, 1780 Hirooka-gobara, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ninomiya
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Oral Histology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirooka-gobara, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sayama
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Akira Yukita
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Department of Education (Sciences), Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Gomathi K, Akshaya N, Srinaath N, Moorthi A, Selvamurugan N. Regulation of Runx2 by post-translational modifications in osteoblast differentiation. Life Sci 2020; 245:117389. [PMID: 32007573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis is the process of new bone formation where transcription factors play an important role in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a key transcription factor, regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, which further mature into osteocytes. Runx2 acts as a modulator such that it can either stimulate or inhibit the osteoblast differentiation. A defect/alteration in the expression/activity of this gene may lead to skeletal dysplasia. Runx2 thus serves as the best therapeutic model gene for studying bone and bone-related diseases. In this review, we briefly outline the regulation of Runx2 and its activity at the post-translational levels by the virtue of phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination in controlling the bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gomathi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Akshaya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Srinaath
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Moorthi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Thiruvalluvan M, Barghouth PG, Tsur A, Broday L, Oviedo NJ. SUMOylation controls stem cell proliferation and regional cell death through Hedgehog signaling in planarians. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1285-1301. [PMID: 29098326 PMCID: PMC7083543 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying anteroposterior body axis differences during adult tissue maintenance and regeneration are poorly understood. Here, we identify that post-translational modifications through the SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) machinery are evolutionarily conserved in the Lophotrocozoan Schmidtea mediterranea. Disruption of SUMOylation in adult animals by RNA-interference of the only SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 leads to a systemic increase in DNA damage and a remarkable regional defect characterized by increased cell death and loss of the posterior half of the body. We identified that Ubc9 is mainly expressed in planarian stem cells (neoblasts) but it is also transcribed in differentiated cells including neurons. Regeneration in Ubc9(RNAi) animals is impaired and associated with low neoblast proliferation. We present evidence indicating that Ubc9-induced regional cell death is preceded by alterations in transcription and spatial expression of repressors and activators of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that SUMOylation acts as a regional-specific cue to regulate cell fate during tissue renewal and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Thiruvalluvan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Paul G Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Assaf Tsur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Broday
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Néstor J Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA.
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA.
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7
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Ginkgolic acid, a sumoylation inhibitor, promotes adipocyte commitment but suppresses adipocyte terminal differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2545. [PMID: 29416046 PMCID: PMC5803256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is a post-translational modification process having an important influence in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Thus, sumoylation-modulating chemicals might be used to control MSC differentiation for skeletal tissue engineering. In this work, we studied how the differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs) is affected by ginkgolic acid (GA), a potent sumoylation inhibitor also reported to inhibit histone acetylation transferase (HAT). Our results show that GA promoted the differentiation of mBMSCs into adipocytes when cultured in osteogenic medium. Moreover, mBMSCs pre-treated with GA showed enhanced pre-adipogenic gene expression and were more efficiently differentiated into adipocytes when subsequently cultured in the adipogenic medium. However, when GA was added at a later stage of adipogenesis, adipocyte maturation was markedly inhibited, with a dramatic down-regulation of multiple lipogenesis genes. Moreover, we found that the effects of garcinol, a HAT inhibitor, differed from those of GA in regulating adipocyte commitment and adipocyte maturation of mBMSCs, implying that the GA function in adipogenesis is likely through its activity as a sumoylation inhibitor, not as a HAT inhibitor. Overall, our studies revealed an unprecedented role of GA in MSC differentiation and provide new mechanistic insights into the use of GA in clinical applications.
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8
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Desumoylase SENP6 maintains osteochondroprogenitor homeostasis by suppressing the p53 pathway. Nat Commun 2018; 9:143. [PMID: 29321472 PMCID: PMC5762923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development, growth, and renewal of skeletal tissues rely on the function of osteochondroprogenitors (OCPs). Protein sumoylation/desumoylation has emerged as a pivotal mechanism for stem cell/progenitor homeostasis, and excessive sumoylation has been associated with cell senescence and tissue aging, but its role in regulating OCP function is unclear. Here we show that postnatal loss of the desumoylase SUMO1/sentrin-specific peptidase 6 (SENP6) causes premature aging. OCP-specific SENP6 knockout mice exhibit smaller skeletons, with elevated apoptosis and cell senescence in OCPs and chondrocytes. In Senp6 ‒/‒ cells, the two most significantly elevated pathways are p53 signaling and senescence-associated secreted phenotypes (SASP), and Trp53 loss partially rescues the skeletal and cellular phenotypes caused by Senp6 loss. Furthermore, SENP6 interacts with, desumoylates, and stabilizes TRIM28, suppressing p53 activity. Our data reveals a crucial role of the SENP6-p53 axis in maintaining OCP homeostasis during skeletal development.
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related growth factors are secreted pleiotropic factors that play critical roles in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, death, and migration. The TGF-β family members signal via heteromeric complexes of type I and type II receptors, which activate members of the Smad family of signal transducers. The main attribute of the TGF-β signaling pathway is context-dependence. Depending on the concentration and type of ligand, target tissue, and developmental stage, TGF-β family members transmit distinct signals. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling contributes to developmental defects and human diseases. More than a decade of studies have revealed the framework by which TGF-βs encode a context-dependent signal, which includes various positive and negative modifiers of the principal elements of the signaling pathway, the receptors, and the Smad proteins. In this review, we first introduce some basic components of the TGF-β signaling pathways and their actions, and then discuss posttranslational modifications and modulatory partners that modify the outcome of the signaling and contribute to its context-dependence, including small noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Wu M, Chen G, Li YP. TGF-β and BMP signaling in osteoblast, skeletal development, and bone formation, homeostasis and disease. Bone Res 2016; 4:16009. [PMID: 27563484 PMCID: PMC4985055 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 994] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling has fundamental roles in both embryonic skeletal development and postnatal bone homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs, acting on a tetrameric receptor complex, transduce signals to both the canonical Smad-dependent signaling pathway (that is, TGF-β/BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical-Smad-independent signaling pathway (that is, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p38 MAPK) to regulate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation during skeletal development, bone formation and bone homeostasis. Both the Smad and p38 MAPK signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, for example, Runx2 to promote osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte differentiation from mesenchymal precursor cells. TGF-β and BMP signaling is controlled by multiple factors, including the ubiquitin–proteasome system, epigenetic factors, and microRNA. Dysregulated TGF-β and BMP signaling result in a number of bone disorders in humans. Knockout or mutation of TGF-β and BMP signaling-related genes in mice leads to bone abnormalities of varying severity, which enable a better understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone and the signaling networks underlying osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. There is also crosstalk between TGF-β/BMP signaling and several critical cytokines’ signaling pathways (for example, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, PTHrP, and FGF) to coordinate osteogenesis, skeletal development, and bone homeostasis. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in osteoblast differentiation, chondrocyte differentiation, skeletal development, cartilage formation, bone formation, bone homeostasis, and related human bone diseases caused by the disruption of TGF-β/BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, USA
| | - Guiqian Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Department of neurology, Bruke Medical Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, White Plains, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, USA
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11
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Liu J, Du X, Zhou J, Pan Z, Liu H, Li Q. MicroRNA-26b functions as a proapoptotic factor in porcine follicular Granulosa cells by targeting Sma-and Mad-related protein 4. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:146. [PMID: 25395673 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sma- and Mad-related protein 4 (SMAD4) is the central mediator of the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway and is closely related to mammalian reproductive ability and the development of ovarian follicles. However, little is currently known about the role of SMAD4 in mammalian follicular granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis or its regulation by miRNAs. Here, we found that the porcine SMAD4 protein was expressed at high levels in GCs and oocytes from primary, preantral, and antral follicles, and only slightly expressed in theca cells; its expression level was down-regulated in apoptotic ovarian GCs, suggesting that SMAD4 may be involved in ovary development and selection. Overexpression and knockdown of SMAD4 increased the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured porcine GCs, respectively. In addition, the use of miRNA mimics and luciferase reporter assays revealed that miRNA-26b (miR-26b) functions as a proapoptotic factor in porcine follicular GCs by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of the SMAD4 gene. Overexpression of miR-26b in follicular GCs suppressed SMAD4 mRNA and protein levels, resulting in down-regulation of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 gene and the promotion of GC apoptosis. Furthermore, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) down-regulates miR-26b expression in porcine GCs. Taken together, these data suggest that SMAD4 plays a critical role in porcine follicular GC apoptosis and follicular atresia and that miR-26b may have a proapoptotic role in GCs by regulating the expression of SMAD4 in the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jilong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Yukita A. Regulation of BMP-induced osteoblastic differentiation by Ubc9 knockdown-mediated inhibition of SUMO modification. J Oral Biosci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The clinical significance of sarcopenia and osteoporosis has increased with the increase in the population of older people. Sarcopenia is defined by decreased muscle mass and impaired muscle function, which is related to osteoporosis independently and dependently. Numerous lines of clinical evidence suggest that lean body mass is positively related to bone mass, which leads to reduced fracture risk. Genetic, endocrine and mechanical factors affect both muscle and bone simultaneously. Vitamin D, the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis and testosterone are physiologically and pathologically important as endocrine factors. These findings suggest the presence of interactions between muscle and bone, which might be very important for understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Muscle/bone relationships include two factors: local control of muscle to bone and systemic humoral interactions between muscle and bone. As a putative local inducer of muscle ossification, we found Tmem119, a parathyroid hormone-responsive osteoblast differentiation factor. Moreover, osteoglycin might be one of the muscle-derived humoral bone anabolic factors. This issue may be important for the development of novel drugs and biomarkers for osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Further research will be necessary to clarify the details of the linkage of muscle and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Hosoya A, Yukita A, Ninomiya T, Hiraga T, Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Kasahara E, Nakamura H. Localization of SUMOylation factors and Osterix in odontoblast lineage cells during dentin formation and regeneration. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:201-11. [PMID: 23354182 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) conjugation (SUMOylation) is a post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes including the regulation of transcription factors. In this study, to analyze the involvement of SUMOylation in odontoblast differentiation, we examined the immunohistochemical localization of SUMO-1, SUMO-2/3, and Osterix during rat tooth development. At the bud and cap stages, localization of SUMOs and Osterix was hardly detected in the dental mesenchyme. At the bell stage, odontoblasts just beginning dentin matrix secretion and preodontoblasts near these odontoblasts showed intense immunoreactivity for these molecules. However, after the root-formation stage, these immunoreactivities in the odontoblasts decreased in intensity. Next, to examine whether the SUMOylation participates in dentin regeneration, we evaluated the distribution of SUMOs and Osterix in the dental pulp after cavity preparation. In the coronal pulp chamber of an untreated rat molar, odontoblasts and pulp cells showed no immunoreactivity. At 4 days after cavity preparation, positive cells for SUMOs and Osterix appeared on the surface of the dentin beneath the cavity. Odontoblast-like cells forming reparative dentin were immunopositive for SUMOs and Osterix at 1 week, whereas these immunoreactivities disappeared after 8 weeks. Additionally, we further analyzed the capacity of SUMO-1 to bind Osterix by performing an immunoprecipitation assay using C2C12 cells, and showed that Osterix could undergo SUMOylation. These results suggest that SUMOylation might regulate the transcriptional activity of Osterix in odontoblast lineage cells, and thus play important roles in odontoblast differentiation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hosoya
- Department of Oral Histology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan.
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