1
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Li P, Shang Y, Yuan L, Tong J, Chen Q. Targeting BMP2 for therapeutic strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 46:101970. [PMID: 38797016 PMCID: PMC11152749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the role of BMP2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and metastasis using a dual approach combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq. METHODS scRNA-seq data from the GEO database and bulk RNA-seq data from the TCGA database were analyzed. Differentially expressed marker genes of endothelial cells were identified and analyzed using enrichment analysis, PPI analysis, correlation analysis, and GSEA. In vitro, experiments were conducted using the Huh-7 HCC cell line, and in vivo, models of HCC growth and metastasis were established by knocking down BMP2. RESULTS The scRNA-seq analysis identified BMP2 as a key marker gene in endothelial cells of HCC samples. Elevated BMP2 expression correlated with poor prognosis in HCC. In vitro experiments showed that silencing BMP2 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of liver cancer cells. In vivo studies confirmed increased BMP2 expression in HCC tissues, promoting angiogenesis and HCC growth. CONCLUSION This study highlights the role of BMP2 in tumor angiogenesis and HCC progression. Targeting BMP2 could be a promising therapeutic strategy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China
| | - Liying Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China
| | - Jialing Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China.
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2
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Perez-Gutierrez L, Li P, Ferrara N. Endothelial cell diversity: the many facets of the crystal. FEBS J 2024; 291:3287-3302. [PMID: 36266750 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner lining of blood vessels and play crucial roles in angiogenesis. While it has been known for a long time that there are considerable differences among ECs from lymphatic and blood vessels, as well as among arteries, veins and capillaries, the full repertoire of endothelial diversity is only beginning to be elucidated. It has become apparent that the role of ECs is not just limited to their exchange functions. Indeed, a multitude of organ-specific functions, including release of growth factors, regulation of immune functions, have been linked to ECs. Recent years have seen a surge into the identification of spatiotemporal molecular and functional heterogeneity of ECs, supported by technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), lineage tracing and intersectional genetics. Together, these techniques have spurred the generation of epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of ECs. It is now clear that ECs across organs and in different vascular beds, but even within the same vessel, have unique molecular identities and employ specialized molecular mechanisms to fulfil highly specialized needs. Here, we focus on the molecular heterogeneity of the endothelium in different organs and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perez-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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3
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Lang A, Benn A, Collins JM, Wolter A, Balcaen T, Kerckhofs G, Zwijsen A, Boerckel JD. Endothelial SMAD1/5 signaling couples angiogenesis to osteogenesis in juvenile bone. Commun Biol 2024; 7:315. [PMID: 38480819 PMCID: PMC10937971 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development depends on coordinated angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Bone morphogenetic proteins direct bone formation in part by activating SMAD1/5 signaling in osteoblasts. However, the role of SMAD1/5 in skeletal endothelium is unknown. Here, we found that endothelial cell-conditional SMAD1/5 depletion in juvenile mice caused metaphyseal and diaphyseal hypervascularity, resulting in altered trabecular and cortical bone formation. SMAD1/5 depletion induced excessive sprouting and disrupting the morphology of the metaphyseal vessels, with impaired anastomotic loop formation at the chondro-osseous junction. Endothelial SMAD1/5 depletion impaired growth plate resorption and, upon long-term depletion, abrogated osteoprogenitor recruitment to the primary spongiosa. Finally, in the diaphysis, endothelial SMAD1/5 activity was necessary to maintain the sinusoidal phenotype, with SMAD1/5 depletion inducing formation of large vascular loops and elevated vascular permeability. Together, endothelial SMAD1/5 activity sustains skeletal vascular morphogenesis and function and coordinates growth plate remodeling and osteoprogenitor recruitment dynamics in juvenile mouse bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Lang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Andreas Benn
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Joseph M Collins
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Angelique Wolter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - Tim Balcaen
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Biomechanics lab, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Morphology, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Biomechanics lab, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Morphology, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Prometheus, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Aleynik DY, Bokov AE, Charykova IN, Rubtsova YP, Linkova DD, Farafontova EA, Egorikhina MN. Functionalization of Osteoplastic Material with Human Placental Growth Factor and Assessment of Biocompatibility of the Resulting Material In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:85. [PMID: 38258096 PMCID: PMC10819287 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This article provides the results of a study of the interaction of placental growth factor with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) of various origins, as well as the possibility of generating osteoplastic material based on xenogeneic matrix functionalization with human placental growth factor (PLGF). It is demonstrated that the greatest release of this factor from the functionalized material into the medium occurs during the first 3 h of contact with the model medium, but then the levels of the factor being released fall sharply, although release did continue throughout the 7 days of observation. The modified material was not cytotoxic, and its surface provided good cell adhesion. During 3 days of cultivation, the ASCs proliferated and migrated more actively on the surfaces of the modified material than on the surfaces of the control material. This study can serve as the basis for the development of original methods to functionalize such osteoplastic material by increasing PLGF immobilization by creating stronger bonds in order to regulate both factor dosage and the dynamics of the factor release into the environment. Further studies in experimental animals should facilitate assessment of the effectiveness of the functionalized materials. Such studies will be useful in the development of osteoplastic materials with new properties resulting from the inclusion of growth factors and in research on their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marfa N. Egorikhina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (A.E.B.); (I.N.C.); (Y.P.R.); (D.D.L.); (E.A.F.)
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5
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Fu F, Luo H, Du Y, Chen Y, Tian K, Pan J, Li J, Wang N, Bao R, Jin H, Tong P, Ruan H, Wu C. AR/PCC herb pair inhibits osteoblast pyroptosis to alleviate diabetes-related osteoporosis by activating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3601-3613. [PMID: 37621124 PMCID: PMC10660633 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent complication of diabetes, characterized by systemic metabolic impairment of bone mass and microarchitecture, particularly in the spine. Anemarrhenae Rhizoma/Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (AR/PCC) herb pair has been extensively employed in Traditional Chinese Medicine to manage diabetes; however, its potential to ameliorate diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) has remained obscure. Herein, we explored the protective efficacy of AR/PCC herb pair against DOP using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat diabetic model. Our data showed that AR/PCC could effectively reduce the elevated fasting blood glucose and reverse the osteoporotic phenotype of diabetic rats, resulting in significant improvements in vertebral trabecular area percentage, trabecular thickness and trabecular number, while reducing trabecular separation. Specifically, AR/PCC herb pair improved impaired osteogenesis, nerve ingrowth and angiogenesis. More importantly, it could mitigate the aberrant activation of osteoblast pyroptosis in the vertebral bodies of diabetic rats by reducing increased expressions of Nlrp3, Asc, Caspase1, Gsdmd and IL-1β. Mechanistically, AR/PCC activated antioxidant pathway through the upregulation of the antioxidant response protein Nrf2, while concurrently decreasing its negative feedback regulator Keap1. Collectively, our in vivo findings demonstrate that AR/PCC can inhibit osteoblast pyroptosis and alleviate STZ-induced rat DOP, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating DOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yu Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuying Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kun Tian
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jin Pan
- Department of Architecture, School of ArchitectureChina Academy of ArtHangzhouChina
| | - Jian Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsHangzhou Ninth People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of MedicineZhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ronghua Bao
- Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of TCM Orthopedics and TraumatologyHangzhouChina
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Peijian Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
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6
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Bishop D, Schwarz Q, Wiszniak S. Endothelial-derived angiocrine factors as instructors of embryonic development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1172114. [PMID: 37457293 PMCID: PMC10339107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1172114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are well-known to play roles in organ development and repair, primarily owing to their fundamental function in delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues to promote their growth and homeostasis. Endothelial cells however are not merely passive conduits for carrying blood. There is now evidence that endothelial cells of the vasculature actively regulate tissue-specific development, morphogenesis and organ function, as well as playing roles in disease and cancer. Angiocrine factors are growth factors, cytokines, signaling molecules or other regulators produced directly from endothelial cells to instruct a diverse range of signaling outcomes in the cellular microenvironment, and are critical mediators of the vascular control of organ function. The roles of angiocrine signaling are only beginning to be uncovered in diverse fields such as homeostasis, regeneration, organogenesis, stem-cell maintenance, cell differentiation and tumour growth. While in some cases the specific angiocrine factor involved in these processes has been identified, in many cases the molecular identity of the angiocrine factor(s) remain to be discovered, even though the importance of angiocrine signaling has been implicated. In this review, we will specifically focus on roles for endothelial-derived angiocrine signaling in instructing tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis during embryonic and perinatal development.
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7
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Rikitake K, Kunimatsu R, Yoshimi Y, Nakajima K, Hiraki T, Aisyah Rizky Putranti N, Tsuka Y, Abe T, Ando K, Hayashi Y, Nikawa H, Tanimoto K. Effect of CD146 + SHED on bone regeneration in a mouse calvaria defect model. Oral Dis 2023; 29:725-734. [PMID: 34510661 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have bone regeneration ability and potential therapeutic applications. CD146, a cell adhesion protein expressed by vascular endothelial cells, is involved in osteoblastic differentiation of stem cells. The effect of CD146 on SHED-mediated bone regeneration in vivo remains unknown. We aimed to establish efficient conditions for SHED transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS SHED were isolated from the pulp of an extracted deciduous tooth and cultured; CD146-positive (CD146+ ) and CD146-negative (CD146- ) populations were sorted. Heterogeneous populations of SHED and CD146+ and CD146- cells were transplanted into bone defects generated in the skulls of immunodeficient mice. Micro-computed tomography was performed immediately and 4 and 8 weeks later. Histological and immunohistochemical assessments were performed 8 weeks later. RESULTS Bone regeneration was observed upon transplantation with CD146+ and heterogeneous populations of SHED, with significantly higher bone regeneration observed with CD146+ cells. Bone regeneration was higher in the CD146- group than in the control group, but significantly lower than that in the other transplant groups at 4 and 8 weeks. Histological and immunohistochemical assessments revealed that CD146+ cells promoted bone regeneration and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Transplantation of CD146+ SHED into bone defects may be useful for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Rikitake
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimi
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kengo Nakajima
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hiraki
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nurul Aisyah Rizky Putranti
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsuka
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takaharu Abe
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Ando
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoko Hayashi
- Analysis Center of Life Science, Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nikawa
- Department of Oral Biology and Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Graduate School, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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8
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Lang A, Benn A, Wolter A, Balcaen T, Collins J, Kerckhofs G, Zwijsen A, Boerckel JD. Endothelial SMAD1/5 signaling couples angiogenesis to osteogenesis during long bone growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.07.522994. [PMID: 36712097 PMCID: PMC9881901 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.07.522994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal development depends on coordinated angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Bone morphogenetic proteins direct bone development by activating SMAD1/5 signaling in osteoblasts. However, the role of SMAD1/5 in skeletal endothelium is unknown. Here, we found that endothelial cell-conditional SMAD1/5 depletion in juvenile mice caused metaphyseal and diaphyseal hypervascularity, resulting in altered cancellous and cortical bone formation. SMAD1/5 depletion induced excessive sprouting, disrupting the columnar structure of the metaphyseal vessels and impaired anastomotic loop morphogenesis at the chondro-osseous junction. Endothelial SMAD1/5 depletion impaired growth plate resorption and, upon long term depletion, abrogated osteoprogenitor recruitment to the primary spongiosa. Finally, in the diaphysis, endothelial SMAD1/5 activity was necessary to maintain the sinusoidal phenotype, with SMAD1/5 depletion inducing formation of large vascular loops, featuring elevated endomucin expression, ectopic tip cell formation, and hyperpermeability. Together, endothelial SMAD1/5 activity sustains skeletal vascular morphogenesis and function and coordinates growth plate remodeling and osteoprogenitor recruitment dynamics during bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Lang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Benn
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angelique Wolter
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Balcaen
- Biomechanics lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Collins
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joel D. Boerckel
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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9
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Mahapatra C, Kumar P, Paul MK, Kumar A. Angiogenic stimulation strategies in bone tissue regeneration. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Li Z, Cheng S, Li A, Song C, Jiang A, Xu F, Chi H, Yan J, Chen G. Fabrication of BMP-2-peptide-Deferoxamine- and QK-peptide-functionalized nanoscaffolds and their application for bone defect treatment. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:1223-1237. [PMID: 36349393 DOI: 10.1002/term.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment in the healing process of large bone defects requires suitable conditions to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Coaxial electrospinning is a mature method in bone tissue engineering (BTE) and allows functional modification. Appropriate modification methods can be used to improve the bioactivity of scaffolds for BTE. In this study, coaxial electrospinning with QK peptide (a Vascular endothelial growth factor mimetic peptide) and BMP-2 peptide-DFO (BD) was performed to produce double-modified PQBD scaffolds with vascularizing and osteogenic features. The morphology of coaxially electrospun scaffolds was verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that BD covalently bound to the surface of the P and PQ scaffolds. In vitro, the PQBD scaffold promoted the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Both QK peptide and BD showed sustainable release and preservation of biological activity, enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and promoting angiogenesis. The combined ability of these factors to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis is superior to that of each alone. In vivo, the PQBD scaffold was implanted into the bone defect, and after 8 weeks, the defect area was almost completely covered by new bone tissue. Histology showed more mature bone tissue and more blood vessels. PQBD scaffolds promote both angiogenesis and osteogenesis, offering a promising approach to enhance bone regeneration in the treatment of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chengchao Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Anlong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fangxing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Chi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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11
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Chen X, Gao CY, Chu XY, Zheng CY, Luan YY, He X, Yang K, Zhang DL. VEGF-Loaded Heparinised Gelatine-Hydroxyapatite-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold Accelerates Bone Regeneration via Enhancing Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:915181. [PMID: 35757798 PMCID: PMC9216719 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.915181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone tissue defect, one of the common orthopaedicdiseases, is traumatizing and affects patient’s lifestyle. Although autologous and xenograft bone transplantations are performed in bone tissue engineering, clinical development of bone transplantation is limited because ofvarious factors, such as varying degrees of immune rejection, lack of bone sources, and secondary damage to bone harvesting. Methods: We synthesised a heparinised gelatine-hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HG-HA-TCP) scaffold loaded with sustained-release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) analysed their structure, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Additionally, the effects of HG-HA-TCP (VEGF) scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation and vascularisation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo were investigated. Results: HG-HA-TCP scaffold possessed good pore structure, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. HG-HA-TCP scaffold loaded with VEGF could effectively promote SHED proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Moreover, HG-HA-TCP (VEGF) scaffold increased the expression of osteogenesis- and angiogenesis-related genes and promoted osteogenic differentiation and vascularisation in cells. In vivo results demonstrated that VEGF-loaded HG-HA-TCP scaffold improved new bone regeneration and enhanced bone mineral density, revealed byhistological, micro-CT and histochemical straining analyses. Osteogenic and angiogenic abilities of the three biological scaffolds wereranked as follows: HG-HA-TCP (VEGF) > G-HA-TCP (VEGF) > G-HA-TCP. Conclusion: HG-HA-TCP (VEGF) scaffold with good biocompatibility could create an encouraging osteogenic microenvironment that could accelerate vessel formation and osteogenesis, providing an effective scaffold for bone tissue engineering and developing new clinical treatment strategies for bone tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chu
- Department of Stomatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Yi Luan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Tower RJ, Busse E, Jaramillo J, Lacey M, Hoffseth K, Guntur AR, Simkin J, Sammarco MC. Spatial transcriptomics reveals metabolic changes underly age-dependent declines in digit regeneration. eLife 2022; 11:71542. [PMID: 35616636 PMCID: PMC9135401 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo limb regeneration after amputation is restricted in mammals to the distal digit tip. Central to this regenerative process is the blastema, a heterogeneous population of lineage-restricted, dedifferentiated cells that ultimately orchestrates regeneration of the amputated bone and surrounding soft tissue. To investigate skeletal regeneration, we made use of spatial transcriptomics to characterize the transcriptional profile specifically within the blastema. Using this technique, we generated a gene signature with high specificity for the blastema in both our spatial data, as well as other previously published single-cell RNA-sequencing transcriptomic studies. To elucidate potential mechanisms distinguishing regenerative from non-regenerative healing, we applied spatial transcriptomics to an aging model. Consistent with other forms of repair, our digit amputation mouse model showed a significant impairment in regeneration in aged mice. Contrasting young and aged mice, spatial analysis revealed a metabolic shift in aged blastema associated with an increased bioenergetic requirement. This enhanced metabolic turnover was associated with increased hypoxia and angiogenic signaling, leading to excessive vascularization and altered regenerated bone architecture in aged mice. Administration of the metabolite oxaloacetate decreased the oxygen consumption rate of the aged blastema and increased WNT signaling, leading to enhanced in vivo bone regeneration. Thus, targeting cell metabolism may be a promising strategy to mitigate aging-induced declines in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Tower
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Emily Busse
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Josue Jaramillo
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Michelle Lacey
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Kevin Hoffseth
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, United States
| | - Jennifer Simkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States
| | - Mimi C Sammarco
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
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13
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Li Y, Fraser D, Mereness J, Van Hove A, Basu S, Newman M, Benoit DSW. Tissue Engineered Neurovascularization Strategies for Craniofacial Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:20-39. [PMID: 35014834 PMCID: PMC9016342 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial tissue injuries, diseases, and defects, including those within bone, dental, and periodontal tissues and salivary glands, impact an estimated 1 billion patients globally. Craniofacial tissue dysfunction significantly reduces quality of life, and successful repair of damaged tissues remains a significant challenge. Blood vessels and nerves are colocalized within craniofacial tissues and act synergistically during tissue regeneration. Therefore, the success of craniofacial regenerative approaches is predicated on successful recruitment, regeneration, or integration of both vascularization and innervation. Tissue engineering strategies have been widely used to encourage vascularization and, more recently, to improve innervation through host tissue recruitment or prevascularization/innervation of engineered tissues. However, current scaffold designs and cell or growth factor delivery approaches often fail to synergistically coordinate both vascularization and innervation to orchestrate successful tissue regeneration. Additionally, tissue engineering approaches are typically investigated separately for vascularization and innervation. Since both tissues act in concert to improve craniofacial tissue regeneration outcomes, a revised approach for development of engineered materials is required. This review aims to provide an overview of neurovascularization in craniofacial tissues and strategies to target either process thus far. Finally, key design principles are described for engineering approaches that will support both vascularization and innervation for successful craniofacial tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - David Fraser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States.,Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Jared Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Amy Van Hove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Sayantani Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Maureen Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States.,Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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14
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杜 文, 杨 静, 姜 婷. [Early constant observation of the effect of deferoxamine mesylate on improvement of vascularized bone regeneration in SD rat skull critical size defect model]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 53:1171-1177. [PMID: 34916700 PMCID: PMC8695137 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of local administration of deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) on vascularization and osteogenesis and its ability to maintain the activity of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), by constantly observing early changes of vessel-like structures and bone tissues during bone defects healing. METHODS Skull critical bone defect models were constructed on a total of thirty male SD rats (6-8 weeks old). The rats were randomly divided into experimental group (DFO group) or control group (normal saline group). 300 μL 200 μmol/L DFO solution or normal saline was locally injected on the 4th day after the defect was made. On the 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th, and 28th days after surgery, three rats in each group were sacrificed respectively. HE staining and Masson staining were performed to observe new bone formation and mineralization. HIF-1α immunohistochemistry staining was performed to examine relative expression of protein. Qualitative analysis and comparation were performed by t-tests on relative expression of HIF-1α, numbers of blood vessels and percentages of mineralization tissues of new bone areas. RESULTS On the 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th and 28th days after surgery, the average numbers of blood vessels were 30.40±12.15, 62.00±17.87, 73.43±15.63, 40.00±7.84, 48.71±11.64 in the DFO group, and 18.75±6.63, 19.13±2.80, 51.35±16.21, 27.18±7.32, 30.88±13.43 in the control group. The number of blood vessels in the DFO group was significantly higher than that of the control group at each time point (P < 0.05). The mass of new bone in the DFO group was higher than that in the control group on the 14th and 28th days after surgery. The percentage of mineralization tissues of new bone area on the 14th and 28th days after injection were (27.73±5.93)% and (46.53±3.66)% in the DFO group, and (11.99±2.02)% and (31.98±4.22)% in the control group. The percentage of mineralization tissues in the DFO group was significantly higher than that of the control group at each time point (P < 0.001). The relative expression of HIF-1α in the DFO group compared with the control group was 2.86±0.48, 1.32±0.26, 1.32±0.32, 1.28±0.38 and 1.05±0.34 on the 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th and 28th days, with significant expression difference on the 5th day (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Use of DFO in bone defects promotes vascularization and osteogenesis in the defect area, and maintains the protein activity of HIF-1α temporarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- 文瑜 杜
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 静文 杨
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 婷 姜
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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15
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Lu D, Demissie S, Horowitz NB, Gower AC, Lenburg ME, Alekseyev YO, Hussein AI, Bragdon B, Liu Y, Daukss D, Page JM, Webster MZ, Schlezinger JJ, Morgan EF, Gerstenfeld LC. Temporal and Quantitative Transcriptomic Differences Define Sexual Dimorphism in Murine Postnatal Bone Aging. JBMR Plus 2021; 6:e10579. [PMID: 35229061 PMCID: PMC8861981 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Time is a central element of the sexual dimorphic patterns of development, pathology, and aging of the skeleton. Because the transcriptome is a representation of the phenome, we hypothesized that both sex and sex‐specific temporal, transcriptomic differences in bone tissues over an 18‐month period would be informative to the underlying molecular processes that lead to postnatal sexual dimorphism. Regardless of age, sex‐associated changes of the whole bone transcriptomes were primarily associated not only with bone but also vascular and connective tissue ontologies. A pattern‐based approach used to screen the entire Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database against those that were sex‐specific in bone identified two coordinately regulated gene sets: one related to high phosphate–induced aortic calcification and one induced by mechanical stimulation in bone. Temporal clustering of the transcriptome identified two skeletal tissue‐associated, sex‐specific patterns of gene expression. One set of genes, associated with skeletal patterning and morphology, showed peak expression earlier in females. The second set of genes, associated with coupled remodeling, had quantitatively higher expression in females and exhibited a broad peak between 3 to 12 months, concurrent with the animals' reproductive period. Results of phenome‐level structural assessments of the tibia and vertebrae, and in vivo and in vitro analysis of cells having osteogenic potential, were consistent with the existence of functionally unique, skeletogenic cell populations that are separately responsible for appositional growth and intramedullary functions. These data suggest that skeletal sexual dimorphism arises through sex‐specific, temporally different processes controlling morphometric growth and later coupled remodeling of the skeleton during the reproductive period of the animal. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene Lu
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | - Nina B Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Adam C Gower
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Yuriy O Alekseyev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Amira I Hussein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Beth Bragdon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Dana Daukss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Jack M Page
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Micheal Z Webster
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University Boston MA USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | - Elise F Morgan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University Boston MA USA
| | - Louis C Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
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16
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Ding A, Li CH, Yu CY, Zhou HT, Zhang ZH. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 enhances angiogenesis during bone regeneration by regulating the miR-494/SP1 axis. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1458-1466. [PMID: 34392309 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a coordinated process involving connections between blood vessels and osteocytes. Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are tightly connected throughout the progression of bone regeneration. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)-regulated angiogenesis during bone regeneration. Gene and protein expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot assay. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) secretion was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To evaluate the effect of osteogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining assays were performed. Proliferation was detected by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Migration and angiogenesis were measured using Transwell and tube formation assays. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the binding relationship among MALAT1, miR-494, and specificity protein 1 (SP1). Expression levels of MALAT1, SP1, and VEGFA were elevated and miR-494 was suppressed in MC3T3-E1 cells after culture in osteogenic medium. MALAT1 knockdown suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1, since ALP activity, mineralized nodules, and expression of the osteodifferentiated markers runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix were restrained. In addition, MALAT1 silencing inhibited angiogenesis during bone regeneration, as the proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were blocked. Furthermore, miR-494 was directly targeted by MALAT1 and regulated the SP1/Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) axis by targeting SP1. Furthermore, miR-494 overexpression inhibited angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, SP1 overexpression or miR-494 inhibition rescued the regulatory effect of sh-MALAT1 on angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, these findings indicate that MALAT1 promotes angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation by targeting miR-494 and activating the SP1/TLR2/BMP2 pathway, suggesting a novel target for bone regeneration therapy by promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Ding
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hua Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beidaihe Rihabilitation and Recuperation Center of PLA, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Chan-Yuan Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Hang-Tian Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China.
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17
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JK-2 loaded electrospun membrane for promoting bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112471. [PMID: 34702545 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been as an essential gasotransmitter and a potential therapeutic approach for several biomedical treatments such as cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, and other diseases. The endogenous and exogenous H2S also plays a crucial role in the bone anabolic process and a protective mechanism in cell signalling. In this study, we have utilized two types of polymers, polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin (Gel), for the fabrication of JK-2 (H2S donor) loaded nanofibrous scaffold via electrospinning process for bone healing and bone tissue engineering. Comparing the PCL/Gel and PCL/Gel-JK-2 scaffolds, the latter demonstrated enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation capabilities. Furthermore, both experimental scaffolds have been subjected to an in vivo experiment for 4 and 8 weeks in a bone-defect model of a rabbit to determine their biological responses under physiological conditions. There was an obvious increase in bone regeneration in the PCL/Gel-JK-2 group compared to the control and PCL/Gel groups. These results indicate the use of PCL/Gel scaffolds loaded with JK-2 should be considered for possible bone regeneration.
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18
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In Vivo Evaluation of Decellularized Human Tooth Scaffold for Dental Tissue Regeneration. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11. [PMID: 36003951 PMCID: PMC9397400 DOI: 10.3390/app11188472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional root canal treatment may result in loss of tooth vitality, which can lead to unfavorable treatment outcomes. Notably, a ceased tooth development of immature permanent teeth with open apices, regeneration of periodontal ligaments (PDL), and pulp is highly expected healing process. For regeneration, the scaffold is one of the critical components that carry biological benefits. Therefore, this study evaluated a decellularized human tooth as a scaffold for the PDL and pulp tissue regeneration. A tooth scaffold was fabricated using an effective decellularization method as reported in previous studies. PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) obtained from human permanent teeth were inoculated onto decellularized scaffolds, then cultured to transplant into immunosuppressed mouse. After 9 weeks, PDLSCs and DPSCs that were inoculated onto decellularized tooth scaffolds and cultured in an in vivo demonstrated successful differentiation. In PDLSCs, a regeneration of the cementum/PDL complex could be expected. In DPSCs, the expression of genes related to revascularization and the hard tissue regeneration showed the possibility of pulp regeneration. This study suggested that the potential possible application of decellularized human tooth could be a scaffold in regeneration PDL and pulp tissue along with PDLSCs and DPSCs, respectively, as a novel treatment method.
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Li J, Wei J, Li A, Liu H, Sun J, Qiao H. A Dual Peptide Sustained-Release System Based on Nanohydroxyapatite/Polyamide 66 Scaffold for Synergistic-Enhancing Diabetic Rats' Fracture Healing in Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:657699. [PMID: 34124019 PMCID: PMC8188490 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.657699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus impairs fracture healing and function of stem cells related to bone regeneration; thus, effective bone tissue engineering therapies can intervene with those dysfunctions. Nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) scaffold has been used in fracture healing, whereas the low bioactivity limits its further application. Herein, we developed a novel bone morphogenetic protein-2- (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF) derived peptides-decorated n-HA/PA66 (BVHP66) scaffold for diabetic fracture. The n-HA/PA66 scaffold was functionalized by covalent grafting of BMP-2 and VEGF peptides to construct a dual peptide sustained-release system. The structural characteristics and peptide release profiles of BVHP66 scaffold were tested by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscope. Under high glucose (HG) condition, the effect of BVHP66 scaffold on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells’ (rBMSCs) adherent, proliferative, and differentiate capacities and human umbilical vein endothelial cells’ (HUVECs) proliferative and tube formation capacities was assessed. Finally, the BVHP66 scaffold was applied to fracture of diabetic rats, and its effect on osteogenesis and angiogenesis was evaluated. In vitro, the peptide loaded on the BVHP66 scaffold was in a sustained-release mode of 14 days. The BVHP66 scaffold significantly promoted rBMSCs’ and HUVECs’ proliferation and improved osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs and tube formation of HUVECs in HG environment. In vivo, the BVHP66 scaffold enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis, rescuing the poor fracture healing in diabetic rats. Comparing with single peptide modification, the dual peptide-modified scaffold had a synergetic effect on bone regeneration in vivo. Overall, this study reported a novel BVHP66 scaffold with excellent biocompatibility and bioactive property and its application in diabetic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingxue Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Systemic Administration of G-CSF Accelerates Bone Regeneration and Modulates Mobilization of Progenitor Cells in a Rat Model of Distraction Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073505. [PMID: 33800710 PMCID: PMC8037338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was shown to promote bone regeneration and mobilization of vascular and osteogenic progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of a systemic low dose of G-CSF on both bone consolidation and mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a rat model of distraction osteogenesis (DO). Neovascularization and mineralization were longitudinally monitored using positron emission tomography and planar scintigraphy. Histological analysis was performed and the number of circulating HSPCs, EPCs and MSCs was studied by flow cytometry. Contrary to control group, in the early phase of consolidation, a bony bridge with lower osteoclast activity and a trend of an increase in osteoblast activity were observed in the distracted callus in the G-CSF group, whereas, at the late phase of consolidation, a significantly lower neovascularization was observed. While no difference was observed in the number of circulating EPCs between control and G-CSF groups, the number of MSCs was significantly lower at the end of the latency phase and that of HSPCs was significantly higher 4 days after the bone lengthening. Our results indicate that G-CSF accelerates bone regeneration and modulates mobilization of progenitor cells during DO.
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21
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Li A, Li J, Zhang Z, Li Z, Chi H, Song C, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen G, Yan J. Nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 crosslinked with QK and BMP-2-derived peptide prevented femur nonunion in rats. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2249-2265. [PMID: 33599673 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02554b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A dual-peptide controlled released system based on nHA/PA66 scaffold for enhancing bone regeneration.
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22
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An update to the advances in understanding distraction histogenesis: From biological mechanisms to novel clinical applications. J Orthop Translat 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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23
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Chiou G, Jui E, Rhea AC, Gorthi A, Miar S, Acosta FM, Perez C, Suhail Y, Kshitiz, Chen Y, Ong JL, Bizios R, Rathbone C, Guda T. Scaffold Architecture and Matrix Strain Modulate Mesenchymal Cell and Microvascular Growth and Development in a Time Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:507-526. [PMID: 33184580 PMCID: PMC7596170 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volumetric tissue-engineered constructs are limited in development due to the dependence on well-formed vascular networks. Scaffold pore size and the mechanical properties of the matrix dictates cell attachment, proliferation and successive tissue morphogenesis. We hypothesize scaffold pore architecture also controls stromal-vessel interactions during morphogenesis. METHODS The interaction between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded on hydroxyapatite scaffolds of 450, 340, and 250 μm pores and microvascular fragments (MVFs) seeded within 20 mg/mL fibrin hydrogels that were cast into the cell-seeded scaffolds, was assessed in vitro over 21 days and compared to the fibrin hydrogels without scaffold but containing both MSCs and MVFs. mRNA sequencing was performed across all groups and a computational mechanics model was developed to validate architecture effects on predicting vascularization driven by stiffer matrix behavior at scaffold surfaces compared to the pore interior. RESULTS Lectin staining of decalcified scaffolds showed continued vessel growth, branching and network formation at 14 days. The fibrin gel provides no resistance to spread-out capillary networks formation, with greater vessel loops within the 450 μm pores and vessels bridging across 250 μm pores. Vessel growth in the scaffolds was observed to be stimulated by hypoxia and successive angiogenic signaling. Fibrin gels showed linear fold increase in VEGF expression and no change in BMP2. Within scaffolds, there was multiple fold increase in VEGF between days 7 and 14 and early multiple fold increases in BMP2 between days 3 and 7, relative to fibrin. There was evidence of yap/taz based hippo signaling and mechanotransduction in the scaffold groups. The vessel growth models determined by computational modeling matched the trends observed experimentally. CONCLUSION The differing nature of hypoxia signaling between scaffold systems and mechano-transduction sensing matrix mechanics were primarily responsible for differences in osteogenic cell and microvessel growth. The computational model implicated scaffold architecture in dictating branching morphology and strain in the hydrogel within pores in dictating vessel lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennifer Chiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Elysa Jui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Allison C. Rhea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Aparna Gorthi
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Solaleh Miar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Francisca M. Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Cynthia Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Yasir Suhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Kshitiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
- Cancer Systems Biology at Yale, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Joo L. Ong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Rena Bizios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Christopher Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
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24
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Ohmes J, Xiao Y, Wang F, Mikkelsen MD, Nguyen TT, Schmidt H, Seekamp A, Meyer AS, Fuchs S. Effect of Enzymatically Extracted Fucoidans on Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis in Primary Cell Culture Systems Mimicking Bone Tissue Environment. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E481. [PMID: 32967359 PMCID: PMC7550999 DOI: 10.3390/md18090481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, is an essential process for successful bone regeneration. Further, angiogenesis is a key factor for the development of bone-related disorders like osteosarcoma or arthritis. Fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae, have been shown to affect angiogenesis as well as a series of other physiological processes including inflammation or infection. However, the chemical properties of fucoidan which define the biological activity vary tremendously, making a prediction of the bioactivity or the corresponding therapeutic effect difficult. In this study, we compare the effect of four chemically characterized high molecular weight fucoidan extracts from Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens (FE_crude and fractions F1, F2, F3) on angiogenic and osteogenic processes in bone-related primary mono- and co-culture cell systems. By determining the gene expression and protein levels of the regulatory molecules vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), ANG-2 and stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), we show that the extracted fucoidans negatively influence angiogenic and osteogenic processes in both the mono- and co-culture systems. We demonstrate that purer fucoidan extracts with a high fucose and sulfate content show stronger effects on these processes. Immunocytochemistry of the co-culture system revealed that treatment with FE_F3, containing the highest fucose and sulfate content, impaired the formation of angiogenic tube-like structures, indicating the anti-angiogenic properties of the tested fucoidans. This study highlights how chemical properties of fucoidan influence its bioactivity in a bone-related context and discusses how the observed phenotypes can be explained on a molecular level-knowledge that is indispensable for future therapies based on fucoidans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ohmes
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.O.); (Y.X.); (F.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Yuejun Xiao
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.O.); (Y.X.); (F.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Fanlu Wang
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.O.); (Y.X.); (F.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Dalgaard Mikkelsen
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.D.M.); (T.T.N.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Thuan Thi Nguyen
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.D.M.); (T.T.N.); (A.S.M.)
| | | | - Andreas Seekamp
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.O.); (Y.X.); (F.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Anne S. Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.D.M.); (T.T.N.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.O.); (Y.X.); (F.W.); (A.S.)
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25
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Hellwinkel JE, Miclau T, Provencher MT, Bahney CS, Working ZM. The Life of a Fracture: Biologic Progression, Healing Gone Awry, and Evaluation of Union. JBJS Rev 2020; 8:e1900221. [PMID: 32796195 PMCID: PMC11147169 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.19.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New knowledge about the molecular biology of fracture-healing provides opportunities for intervention and reduction of risk for specific phases that are affected by disease and medications. Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors can prolong healing, and the informed clinician should optimize each patient to provide the best chance for union. Techniques to monitor progression of fracture-healing have not changed substantially over time; new objective modalities are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Hellwinkel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, The Steadman Clinic and Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG), San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew T Provencher
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, The Steadman Clinic and Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
| | - Chelsea S Bahney
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, The Steadman Clinic and Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG), San Francisco, California
| | - Zachary M Working
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG), San Francisco, California
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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26
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Hashimoto K, Kaito T, Furuya M, Seno S, Okuzaki D, Kikuta J, Tsukazaki H, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa H, Ishii M. In vivo dynamic analysis of BMP-2-induced ectopic bone formation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4751. [PMID: 32179857 PMCID: PMC7076033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 plays a central role in bone-tissue engineering because of its potent bone-induction ability. However, the process of BMP-induced bone formation in vivo remains poorly elucidated. Here, we aimed to establish a method for intravital imaging of the entire process of BMP-2-induced ectopic bone formation. Using multicolor intravital imaging in transgenic mice, we visualized the spatiotemporal process of bone induction, including appearance and motility of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, angiogenesis, collagen-fiber formation, and bone-mineral deposition. Furthermore, we investigated how PTH1-34 affects BMP-2-induced bone formation, which revealed that PTH1-34 administration accelerated differentiation and increased the motility of osteoblasts, whereas it decreased morphological changes in osteoclasts. This is the first report on visualization of the entire process of BMP-2-induced bone formation using intravital imaging techniques, which, we believe, will contribute to our understanding of ectopic bone formation and provide new parameters for evaluating bone-forming activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Hashimoto
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Furuya
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, 591-8025, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsukazaki
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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27
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Vidal L, Kampleitner C, Brennan MÁ, Hoornaert A, Layrolle P. Reconstruction of Large Skeletal Defects: Current Clinical Therapeutic Strategies and Future Directions Using 3D Printing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:61. [PMID: 32117940 PMCID: PMC7029716 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The healing of bone fractures is a well-orchestrated physiological process involving multiple cell types and signaling molecules interacting at the fracture site to replace and repair bone tissue without scar formation. However, when the lesion is too large, normal healing is compromised. These so-called non-union bone fractures, mostly arising due to trauma, tumor resection or disease, represent a major therapeutic challenge for orthopedic and reconstructive surgeons. In this review, we firstly present the current commonly employed surgical strategies comprising auto-, allo-, and xenograft transplantations, as well as synthetic biomaterials. Further to this, we discuss the multiple factors influencing the effectiveness of the reconstructive therapy. One essential parameter is adequate vascularization that ensures the vitality of the bone grafts thereby supporting the regeneration process, however deficient vascularization presents a frequently encountered problem in current management strategies. To address this challenge, vascularized bone grafts, including free or pedicled fibula flaps, or in situ approaches using the Masquelet induced membrane, or the patient’s body as a bioreactor, comprise feasible alternatives. Finally, we highlight future directions and novel strategies such as 3D printing and bioprinting which could overcome some of the current challenges in the field of bone defect reconstruction, with the benefit of fabricating personalized and vascularized scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Vidal
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Carina Kampleitner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meadhbh Á Brennan
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alain Hoornaert
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Department of Implantology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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28
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Wang Z, Tang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Tu Q, Chen J, Wang C. AdipoRon promotes diabetic fracture repair through endochondral ossification-based bone repair by enhancing survival and differentiation of chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111757. [PMID: 31838062 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic bone defects may exhibit impaired endochondral ossification (ECO) leading to delayed bone repair. AdipoRon, a receptor agonist of adiponectin polymers, can ameliorate diabetes and related complications, as well as overcome the disadvantages of the unstable structure of artificial adiponectin polymers. Here, the effects of AdipoRon on the survival and differentiation of chondrocytes in a diabetic environment were explored focusing on related mechanisms in gene and protein levels. In vivo, AdipoRon was applied to diet-induced-obesity (DIO) mice, a model of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with femoral fracture. Sequential histological evaluations and micro-CT were examined for further verification. We found that AdipoRon could ameliorate cell viability, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promote mRNA expression of chondrogenic markers and cartilaginous matrix production of ATDC5 cells in high glucose medium via activating ERK1/2 pathway. Additionally, DIO mice with intragastric AdipoRon administration had more neocartilage and accelerated new bone formation. These data suggest that AdipoRon could stimulate bone regeneration via ECO in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinxin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanyang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, USA
| | - Jake Chen
- Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, USA.
| | - Chen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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29
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Perera N, Ritchie RH, Tate M. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Diabetic Complications. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 3:11-20. [PMID: 32259084 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes has reached epidemic proportions and is placing a significant burden on healthcare systems globally. Diabetes has a detrimental impact on many organs in the human body, including accelerating the development of micro- and macrovascular complications. Current therapeutic options to treat diabetic complications have their limitations. Importantly, many slow but fail to reverse the progression of diabetic complications. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a highly conserved subgroup of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, signaling via serine/threonine kinase receptors, that have recently been implicated in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the setting of diabetes. Downstream of the receptors, the signal can be transduced via the canonical Smad-dependent pathway or the noncanonical Smad-independent pathways. BMPs are essential in organ development, tissue homeostasis, and, as expected, disease pathogenesis. In fact, deletion of BMPs can be embryonically lethal or result in severe organ abnormalities. This review outlines the BMP signaling pathway and its relevance to diabetic complications, namely, diabetic nephropathy, diabetes-associated cardiovascular diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. Understanding the complexities of BMP signaling and particularly its tissue-, cellular-, and time-dependent actions will help delineate the underlying pathogenesis of the disease and may ultimately be harnessed in the treatment of diabetes-induced complications. This would replicate progress made in numerous other diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimna Perera
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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30
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Differential fracture response to traumatic brain injury suggests dominance of neuroinflammatory response in polytrauma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12199. [PMID: 31434912 PMCID: PMC6704103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polytraumatic injuries, specifically long bone fracture and traumatic brain injury (TBI), frequently occur together. Clinical observation has long held that TBI can accelerate fracture healing, yet the complexity and heterogeneity of these injuries has produced conflicting data with limited information on underlying mechanisms. We developed a murine polytrauma model with TBI and fracture to evaluate healing in a controlled system. Fractures were created both contralateral and ipsilateral to the TBI to test whether differential responses of humoral and/or neuronal systems drove altered healing patterns. Our results show increased bone formation after TBI when injuries occur contralateral to each other, rather than ipsilateral, suggesting a role of the nervous system based on the crossed neuroanatomy of motor and sensory systems. Analysis of the humoral system shows that blood cell counts and inflammatory markers are differentially modulated by polytrauma. A data-driven multivariate analysis integrating all outcome measures showed a distinct pathological state of polytrauma and co-variations between fracture, TBI and systemic markers. Taken together, our results suggest that a contralateral bone fracture and TBI alter the local neuroinflammatory state to accelerate early fracture healing. We believe applying a similar data-driven approach to clinical polytrauma may help to better understand the complicated pathophysiological mechanisms of healing.
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31
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Nguyen-Yamamoto L, Tanaka KI, St-Arnaud R, Goltzman D. Vitamin D-regulated osteocytic sclerostin and BMP2 modulate uremic extraskeletal calcification. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126467. [PMID: 31292298 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) with adenine in WT mice, mice with osteocyte-specific deletion of Cyp27b1, encoding the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1(OH)ase [Oct-1(OH)ase-/-], and mice with global deletion of Cyp27b1 [global-1α(OH)ase-/-]; we then compared extraskeletal calcification. After adenine treatment, mice displayed increased blood urea nitrogen, decreased serum 1,25(OH)2D, and severe hyperparathyroidism. Skeletal expression of Cyp27b1 and of sclerostin and serum sclerostin all increased in WT mice but not in Oct-1α(OH)ase-/- mice or global-1α(OH)ase-/- mice. In contrast, skeletal expression of BMP2 and serum BMP2 rose in the Oct-1α(OH)ase-/- mice and in the global-1α(OH)ase-/- mice. Extraskeletal calcification occurred in muscle and blood vessels of mice with CKD and was highest in Oct-1α(OH)ase-/-mice. In vitro, recombinant sclerostin (100 ng/mL) significantly suppressed BMP2-induced osteoblastic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cells and diminished BMP2-induced mineralization. Our study provides evidence that local osteocytic production of 1,25(OH)2D stimulates sclerostin and inhibits BMP2 production in murine CKD, thus mitigating osteoblastic transdifferentiation and mineralization of soft tissues. Increased osteocytic 1,25(OH)2D production, triggered by renal malfunction, may represent a "primary defensive response" to protect the organism from ectopic calcification by increasing sclerostin and suppressing BMP2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loan Nguyen-Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rene St-Arnaud
- Departments of Surgery and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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32
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Pearson HB, Mason DE, Kegelman CD, Zhao L, Dawahare JH, Kacena MA, Boerckel JD. Effects of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Neovascularization During Large Bone Defect Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1623-1634. [PMID: 30973074 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient blood vessel supply is a primary limiting factor for regenerative approaches to large bone defect repair. Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) delivery induces robust bone formation and has been observed to enhance neovascularization, but whether the angiogenic effects of BMP-2 are due to direct endothelial cell stimulation or due to indirect paracrine signaling remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of BMP-2 delivery on vascularized bone regeneration and tested whether BMP-2 induces neovascularization directly or indirectly. We found that delivery of BMP-2 (5 μg) enhanced both bone formation and neovascularization in critically sized (8 mm) rat femoral bone defects; however, BMP-2 did not directly stimulate angiogenesis in vitro. In contrast, conditioned medium from both mesenchymal progenitor cells and osteoblasts induced endothelial cell migration in vitro, suggesting a paracrine mechanism of BMP-2 action. Consistent with this inference, codelivery of BMP-2 with endothelial colony forming cells to a heterotopic site, distant from the skeletal stem cell-rich bone marrow niche, induced ossification but had no effect on neovascularization. Taken together, these data suggest that paracrine activation of osteoprogenitor cells is an important contributor to neovascularization during BMP-2-mediated bone regeneration. Impact Statement In this study, we show that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) robustly induces neovascularization during tissue-engineered large bone defect regeneration, and we found that BMP-2 induced angiogenesis, in part, through paracrine signaling from osteoprogenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope B Pearson
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Devon E Mason
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher D Kegelman
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James H Dawahare
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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33
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Zhang Y, Hao Z, Wang P, Xia Y, Wu J, Xia D, Fang S, Xu S. Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance fracture healing through HIF-1α-mediated promotion of angiogenesis in a rat model of stabilized fracture. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12570. [PMID: 30663158 PMCID: PMC6496165 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exosomes, as important players in intercellular communication due to their ability to transfer certain molecules to target cells, are believed to take similar effects in promoting bone regeneration with their derived stem cells. Studies have suggested that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) could promote angiogenesis. This study investigated whether exosomes derived from uMSCs (uMSC-Exos) could enhance fracture healing as primary factors by promoting angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS uMSCs were obtained to isolate uMSC-Exos by ultrafiltration, with exosomes from human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) being used as control groups. NanoSight, laser light scattering spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting were used to identify exosomes. Next, uMSC-Exos combined with hydrogel were transplanted into the fracture site in a rat model of femoral fracture. Bone healing processes were monitored and evaluated by radiographic methods on days 7, 14, 21 and 31 after surgery; angiogenesis of the fracture sites was assessed by radiographic and histological strategies on post-operative day 14. In vitro, the expression levels of osteogenesis- or angiogenesis-related genes after being cultured with uMSC-Exos were identified by qRT-PCR. The internalization ability of exosomes was determined using the PKH67 assay. Cell cycle analysis, EdU incorporation and immunofluorescence staining, scratch wound assay and tube formation analysis were also used to determine the altered abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) administered with uMSC-Exos in proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Finally, to further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, specific RNA inhibitors or siRNAs were used, and the subsequent effects were observed. RESULTS uMSC-Exos had a diameter of approximately 100 nm, were spherical, meanwhile expressing CD9, CD63 and CD81. Transplantation of uMSC-Exos markedly enhanced angiogenesis and bone healing processes in a rat model of femoral fracture. In vitro, other than enhancing osteogenic differentiation, uMSC-Exos increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). uMSC-Exos were taken up by HUVECs and enhanced their proliferation, migration and tube formation. Finally, by using specific RNA inhibitors or siRNAs, it has been confirmed that HIF-1α played an important role in the uMSC-Exos-induced VEGF expression, pro-angiogenesis and enhanced fracture repair, which may be one of the underlying mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed a novel role of exosomes in uMSC-mediated therapy and suggested that implanted uMSC-Exos may represent a crucial clinical strategy to accelerate fracture healing via the promotion of angiogenesis. HIF-1α played an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Zhang
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zichen Hao
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Panfeng Wang
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuo Fang
- Department of Plastic and ReconstructionShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Liu L, Liu Y, Feng C, Chang J, Fu R, Wu T, Yu F, Wang X, Xia L, Wu C, Fang B. Lithium-containing biomaterials stimulate bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomal miR-130a secretion to promote angiogenesis. Biomaterials 2019; 192:523-536. [PMID: 30529871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Collage of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Chun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Runqing Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Collage of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Collage of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Collage of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Collage of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Collage of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Collage of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Bahney CS, Zondervan RL, Allison P, Theologis A, Ashley JW, Ahn J, Miclau T, Marcucio RS, Hankenson KD. Cellular biology of fracture healing. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:35-50. [PMID: 30370699 PMCID: PMC6542569 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The biology of bone healing is a rapidly developing science. Advances in transgenic and gene-targeted mice have enabled tissue and cell-specific investigations of skeletal regeneration. As an example, only recently has it been recognized that chondrocytes convert to osteoblasts during healing bone, and only several years prior, seminal publications reported definitively that the primary tissues contributing bone forming cells during regeneration were the periosteum and endosteum. While genetically modified animals offer incredible insights into the temporal and spatial importance of various gene products, the complexity and rapidity of healing-coupled with the heterogeneity of animal models-renders studies of regenerative biology challenging. Herein, cells that play a key role in bone healing will be reviewed and extracellular mediators regulating their behavior discussed. We will focus on recent studies that explore novel roles of inflammation in bone healing, and the origins and fates of various cells in the fracture environment. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea S. Bahney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert L. Zondervan
- Department of Physiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Patrick Allison
- Department of Physiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Alekos Theologis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason W. Ashley
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington
| | - Jaimo Ahn
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ralph S. Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kurt D. Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Safflower yellow promotes angiogenesis through p-VHL/ HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in the process of osteogenic differentiation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1736-1743. [PMID: 30257392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Safflower yellow (SY) is an active component ofCarthamus tinctorius L. that is widely used in orthopedics. This study aimed to evaluate the role of SY in angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. METHODS The migration and in vitro angiogenesis of SY (4.5, 9.0, 18 μg/ml)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC-12) were assessed by transwell and tube formation assay, respectively. Osteogenic differentiation ability was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of related markers were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS The migration and tube formation ability of HUVEC-12 were promoted by SY. Furthermore, SY facilitated the angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in the co-culture of HUVEC-12 and BMSCs by increasing hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin-1 (OPN-1) levels. Inhibition of HIF-1α expression by 3-(5-hydroxymethl-2-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1), restrained SY-induced proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVEC-12 and the increased protein levels of VEGF, Ang-2, ALP, Runx2 and OPN-1. Finally, WD repeat and SOCS box-containing protein-1 (WSB-1)/Von Hippel-Lindau protein (p-VHL) pathway was involved in the beneficial effect of SY. CONCLUSION SY promotes osteogenic differentiation via enhancing angiogenesis by regulating pVHL/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The identity and functional roles of stem cell population(s) that contribute to fracture repair remains unclear. This review provides a brief history of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) and provides an updated view of the many stem/progenitor cell populations contributing to fracture repair. RECENT FINDINGS Functional studies show MSCs are not the multipotential stem cell population that form cartilage and bone during fracture repair. Rather, multiple studies have confirmed the periosteum is the primary source of stem/progenitor cells for fracture repair. Newer work is also identifying other stem/progenitor cells that may also contribute to healing. Although the heterogenous periosteal cells migrate to the fracture site and contribute directly to callus formation, other cell populations are involved. Pericytes and bone marrow stromal cells are now thought of as key secretory centers that mostly coordinate the repair process. Other populations of stem/progenitor cells from the muscle and transdifferentiated chondroctyes may also contribute to repair, and their functional role is an area of active research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth C Bragdon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, Evans 243, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Chelsea S Bahney
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wong SA, Rivera KO, Miclau T, Alsberg E, Marcucio RS, Bahney CS. Microenvironmental Regulation of Chondrocyte Plasticity in Endochondral Repair-A New Frontier for Developmental Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:58. [PMID: 29868574 PMCID: PMC5962790 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of fractures heal through the process of endochondral ossification, in which a cartilage intermediate forms between the fractured bone ends and is gradually replaced with bone. Recent studies have provided genetic evidence demonstrating that a significant portion of callus chondrocytes transform into osteoblasts that derive the new bone. This evidence has opened a new field of research aimed at identifying the regulatory mechanisms that govern chondrocyte transformation in the hope of developing improved fracture therapies. In this article, we review known and candidate molecular pathways that may stimulate chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transformation during endochondral fracture repair. We also examine additional extrinsic factors that may play a role in modulating chondrocyte and osteoblast fate during fracture healing such as angiogenesis and mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Taken together the mechanisms reviewed here demonstrate the promising potential of using developmental engineering to design therapeutic approaches that activate endogenous healing pathways to stimulate fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Wong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin O Rivera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ralph S Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea S Bahney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Yao Q, Liu Y, Selvaratnam B, Koodali RT, Sun H. Mesoporous silicate nanoparticles/3D nanofibrous scaffold-mediated dual-drug delivery for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2018; 279:69-78. [PMID: 29649529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Controlled delivery systems play a critical role in the success of bone morphogenetic proteins (i.e., BMP2 and BMP7) for challenged bone repair. Instead of single-drug release that is currently and commonly prevalent, dual-drug delivery strategies are highly desired to achieve effective bone regeneration because natural bone repair process is driven by multiple factors. Particularly, angiogenesis is essential for osteogenesis and requires more than just one factor (e.g., Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF). Therefore, we developed a novel mesoporous silicate nanoparticles (MSNs) incorporated-3D nanofibrous gelatin (GF) scaffold for dual-delivery of BMP2 and deferoxamine (DFO). DFO is a hypoxia-mimetic drug that can activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and trigger subsequent angiogenesis. Sustained BMP2 release system was achieved through encapsulation into large-pored MSNs, while the relative short-term release of DFO was engineered through covalent conjugation with chitosan to reduce its cytotoxicity and elongate its half-life. Both MSNs and DFO were incorporated onto a porous 3D GF scaffold to serve as a biomimetic osteogenic microenvironment. Our data indicated that DFO and BMP2 were released from a scaffold at different release rates (10 vs 28 days) yet maintained their angiogenic and osteogenic ability, respectively. Importantly, our data indicated that the released DFO significantly improved BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation where the dose/duration was important for its effects in both mouse and human stem cell models. Thus, we developed a novel and tunable MSNs/GF 3D scaffold-mediated dual-drug delivery system and studied the potential application of the both FDA-approved DFO and BMP2 for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yangxi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Balaranjan Selvaratnam
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion 57069, SD, USA
| | - Ranjit T Koodali
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion 57069, SD, USA
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA.
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Hu DP, Ferro F, Yang F, Taylor AJ, Chang W, Miclau T, Marcucio RS, Bahney CS. Cartilage to bone transformation during fracture healing is coordinated by the invading vasculature and induction of the core pluripotency genes. Development 2017; 144:221-234. [PMID: 28096214 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fractures heal predominantly through the process of endochondral ossification. The classic model of endochondral ossification holds that chondrocytes mature to hypertrophy, undergo apoptosis and new bone forms by invading osteoprogenitors. However, recent data demonstrate that chondrocytes transdifferentiate to osteoblasts in the growth plate and during regeneration, yet the mechanism(s) regulating this process remain unknown. Here, we show a spatially-dependent phenotypic overlap between hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts at the chondro-osseous border in the fracture callus, in a region we define as the transition zone (TZ). Hypertrophic chondrocytes in the TZ activate expression of the pluripotency factors [Sox2, Oct4 (Pou5f1), Nanog], and conditional knock-out of Sox2 during fracture healing results in reduction of the fracture callus and a delay in conversion of cartilage to bone. The signal(s) triggering expression of the pluripotency genes are unknown, but we demonstrate that endothelial cell conditioned medium upregulates these genes in ex vivo fracture cultures, supporting histological evidence that transdifferentiation occurs adjacent to the vasculature. Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fracture repair is important for understanding why some fractures fail to heal and for developing novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane P Hu
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Federico Ferro
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Frank Yang
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Aaron J Taylor
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Department of Medicine, 1700 Owens Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Theodore Miclau
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Ralph S Marcucio
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Chelsea S Bahney
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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Bragdon B, Lam S, Aly S, Femia A, Clark A, Hussein A, Morgan EF, Gerstenfeld LC. Earliest phases of chondrogenesis are dependent upon angiogenesis during ectopic bone formation in mice. Bone 2017; 101:49-61. [PMID: 28412469 PMCID: PMC5500242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is the process where cartilage forms prior to ossification and in which new bone forms during both fracture healing and ectopic bone formation. Transitioning to ossification is a highly coordinated process between hypertrophic chondrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. A critical biological process that is central to the interactions of these various cell types is angiogenesis. Although it is well established that angiogenesis is crucial for fracture repair, less is known pertaining to the role of angiogenesis in ectopic bone formation. Furthermore, fracture repair models are complicated by extensive trauma, subsequent inflammatory responses and concurrent repair processes in multiple tissues. In order to more definitively characterize the relationship between angiogenesis and postnatal endochondral ossification, a model of ectopic bone formation was used. Human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was implanted in immune-deficient mice (rag null (B6.129S7-Rag1tm1/MOM/J)) to induce ectopic bone. Inhibition of angiogenesis with either a small molecule (TNP-470) or a targeted biological (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor type 2 [VEGFR2] blocking antibody) prevented ectopic bone formation by 83% and 77%, respectively. Most striking was that the progression of chondrogenesis was halted during very early phases of chondrocyte differentiation between condensation and prehypertrophy (TNP-470) or the proliferative phase (VEGFR2 blockade) prior to hypertrophy, while osteoclast recruitment and resorption were almost completely inhibited. Our results demonstrate angiogenesis plays a developmental role in endochondral bone formation at a much earlier phase of chondrogenesis than suggested by prior findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Bragdon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Stephanie Lam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sherif Aly
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alexandra Femia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Abigail Clark
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Amira Hussein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elise F Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Louis C Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Biology of Bone Formation, Fracture Healing, and Distraction Osteogenesis. J Craniofac Surg 2017; 28:1380-1389. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000003625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Schorn L, Sproll C, Ommerborn M, Naujoks C, Kübler NR, Depprich R. Vertical bone regeneration using rhBMP-2 and VEGF. Head Face Med 2017; 13:11. [PMID: 28592312 PMCID: PMC5463342 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-017-0146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sufficient vertical and lateral bone supply and a competent osteogenic healing process are prerequisities for the successful osseointegration of dental implants in the alveolar bone. Several techniques including autologous bone grafts and guided bone regeneration are applied to improve quality and quantity of bone at the implantation site. Depending on the amount of lacking bone one- or two-stage procedures are required. Vertical bone augmentation has proven to be a challenge particularly in terms of bone volume stability. This study focuses on the three dimensional vertical bone generation in a one stage procedure in vivo. Therefore, a collagenous disc-shaped scaffold (ICBM = Insoluble Collagenous Bone Matrix) containing rhBMP-2 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2) and/or VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) was applied around the coronal part of a dental implant during insertion. RhBMP-2 and VEGF released directly at the implantation site were assumed to induce the generation of new vertical bone around the implant. Methods One hundred eight titanium implants were inserted into the mandible and the tibia of 12 mini pigs. Four experimental groups were formed: Control group, ICBM, ICBM + BMP-2, and ICBM + BMP-2 + VEGF. After 1, 4 and 12 weeks the animals were sacrificed and bone generation was investigated histologically and histomorphometrically. Results After 12 weeks the combination of ICBM + rhBMP2 + VEGF showed significantly more bone volume density (BVD%), a higher vertical bone gain (VBG) and more vertical bone gain around the implant (PVBG) in comparison to the control group. Conclusion By using collagenous disc-shaped matrices in combination with rhBMP-2 and VEGF vertical bone can be generated in a one stage procedure without donor site morbidity. The results of the presenting study suggest that the combination of rhBMP-2 and VEGF applied locally by using a collagenous carrier improves vertical bone generation in vivo. Further research is needed to establish whether this technique is applicable in clinical routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schorn
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Sproll
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Michelle Ommerborn
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Christian Naujoks
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert R Kübler
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rita Depprich
- Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Hu K, Olsen BR. Vascular endothelial growth factor control mechanisms in skeletal growth and repair. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:227-234. [PMID: 27750398 PMCID: PMC5354946 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) is a critical regulator of vascular development and postnatal angiogenesis and homeostasis, and it is essential for bone development and repair. Blood vessels serve both as structural templates for bone formation and they provide essential cells, growth factors and minerals needed for synthesis and mineralization, as well as turnover, of the extracellular matrix in bone. Through its regulation of angiogenesis, VEGF contributes to coupling of osteogenesis to angiogenesis, and it directly controls the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In this review, we summarize the properties of VEGF and its receptors that are relevant to bone formation and repair; the roles of VEGF during development of endochondral and membranous bones; and the contributions of VEGF to bone healing during different phases of bone repair. Finally, we discuss contributions of altered VEGF function in inherited disorders with bone defects as part of their phenotypes, and we speculate on what will be required before therapeutic strategies based on VEGF modulation can be developed for clinical use to treat patients with bone growth disorders and/or compromised bone repair. Developmental Dynamics 246:227-234, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Harris SE, Rediske M, Neitzke R, Rakian A. Periodontal Biology: Stem Cells, Bmp2 Gene, Transcriptional Enhancers, and Use of Sclerostin Antibody and Pth for Treatment of Periodontal Disease and Bone Loss. CELL, STEM CELLS AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 3:10.16966/2472-6990.113. [PMID: 29457146 PMCID: PMC5813290 DOI: 10.16966/2472-6990.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The periodontium is a complex tissue with epithelial components and a complex set of mesodermal derived alveolar bone, cellular and a cellular cementum, and tendon like ligaments (PDL). The current evidence demonstrates that the major pool of periodontal stem cells is derived from a population of micro vascular associated aSMA-positive stem/progenitor (PSC) cells that by lineage tracing form all three major mesodermal derived components of the periodontium. With in vitro aSMA+ stem cells, transcriptome and chip- seq experiments, the gene network and enhancer maps were determined at several differentiation states of the PSC. Current work on the role of the Bmp2 gene in the periodontal stem cell differentiation demonstrated that this Wnt regulated gene, Bmp2, is necessary for differentiation to all three major mesodermal derived component of the periodontium. The mechanism and use of Sclerostin antibody as an activator of Wnt signaling and Bmp2 gene as a potential route to treat craniofacial bone loss is discussed. As well, the mechanism and use of Pth in the treatment of periodontal bone loss or other craniofacial bone loss is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Harris
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael Rediske
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rebecca Neitzke
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Audrey Rakian
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Hayrapetyan A, Surjandi S, Lemsom EEPJ, Wolters MMMW, Jansen JA, van den Beucken JJJP. Coculture effects on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:713-723. [PMID: 30603452 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based bone regeneration is generally pursued based on single cell type approaches, for which human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs) are frequently used, owing to their easy accessibility and relatively large yield. In view of multiple cell types involved in physiological bone regeneration, this study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of AT-MSCs upon co-culture with endothelial cells or macrophages in a direct or indirect in vitro co-culture set-up. Our hypotheses were that 1) endothelial cells and macrophages stimulate AT-MSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation and that 2) these two cell types will more profoundly affect osteogenic differentiation of AT-MSCs in a direct compared to an indirect co-culture set-up, because of the possibility for both cell-cell interactions and effects of secreted soluble factors in the former. Osteogenic differentiation of AT-MSCs was stimulated by endothelial cells, particularly in direct co-cultures. Although initial numbers of AT-MSCs in co-culture with endothelial cells were 50% compared to monoculture controls, equal levels of mineralization were achieved. Macrophages showed a variable effect on AT-MSCs behavior for indirect co-cultures and a negative effect on osteogenic differentiation of AT-MSCs in direct co-cultures, the latter likely due to species differences of the cell types used. The results of this study demonstrate potential for cell combination strategies in bone regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraya Surjandi
- 1Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - John A Jansen
- 1Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J J P van den Beucken
- 1Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,2Department of Biomaterials (309), Radboudumc, Ph van Leijdenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 the Netherlands
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Angiocrine Bmp2 signaling in murine liver controls normal iron homeostasis. Blood 2016; 129:415-419. [PMID: 27903529 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-729822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) display a high degree of phenotypic and functional heterogeneity among different organs. Organ-specific ECs control their tissue microenvironment by angiocrine factors in health and disease. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are uniquely differentiated to fulfill important organ-specific functions in development, under homeostatic conditions, and in regeneration and liver pathology. Recently, Bmp2 has been identified by us as an organ-specific angiokine derived from LSECs. To study angiocrine Bmp2 signaling in the liver, we conditionally deleted Bmp2 in LSECs using EC subtype-specific Stab2-Cre mice. Genetic inactivation of hepatic angiocrine Bmp2 signaling in Stab2-Cre;Bmp2fl/fl (Bmp2LSECKO) mice caused massive iron overload in the liver and increased serum iron levels and iron deposition in several organs similar to classic hereditary hemochromatosis. Iron overload was mediated by decreased hepatic expression of hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis. Thus, angiocrine Bmp2 signaling within the hepatic vascular niche represents a constitutive pathway indispensable for iron homeostasis in vivo that is nonredundant with Bmp6. Notably, we demonstrate that organ-specific angiocrine signaling is essential not only for the homeostasis of the respective organ but also for the homeostasis of the whole organism.
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Yao Q, Liu Y, Tao J, Baumgarten KM, Sun H. Hypoxia-Mimicking Nanofibrous Scaffolds Promote Endogenous Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32450-32459. [PMID: 27809470 PMCID: PMC5293171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing biomimetic materials to potentiate endogenous cell growth or signaling is superior to relying on exogenous cells or signals for bone formation. Desferoxamine (DFO), which is a hypoxia-mimetic agent that chelates iron (Fe3+), mimics hypoxia to encourage bone healing. However, high cytotoxicity, off-target effects, and the short half-life of DFO have significantly impeded its further applications. We mitigated these side effects by locally immobilizing DFO onto a gelatin nanofibrous (GF) scaffold that retained DFO's ability to chelate Fe3+. Moreover, DFO-functionalized GF (GF-DFO) scaffolds, which have similar micro/macrostructures to GF scaffolds, not only demonstrated decreased cytotoxicity on both human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human mesenchymal stem cells but also significantly increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in vitro. Most importantly, in our in vivo experiments on a critical-sized cranial bone defect mouse model, a significant amount of bone was formed in most of the GF-DFO scaffolds after six weeks, while very little new bone was observed in the GF scaffolds. These data suggest that use of a hypoxia-mimicking nanofibrous scaffold is a promising strategy for promoting endogenous bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
| | - Yangxi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
| | - Jianning Tao
- Children’s Health Research Center at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57104, United States
| | | | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: (+1) 605-275-7470; Fax: +1 605-782-3280;
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Hu K, Olsen BR. The roles of vascular endothelial growth factor in bone repair and regeneration. Bone 2016; 91:30-8. [PMID: 27353702 PMCID: PMC4996701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) is one of the most important growth factors for regulation of vascular development and angiogenesis. Since bone is a highly vascularized organ and angiogenesis plays an important role in osteogenesis, VEGF also influences skeletal development and postnatal bone repair. Compromised bone repair and regeneration in many patients can be attributed to impaired blood supply; thus, modulation of VEGF levels in bones represents a potential strategy for treating compromised bone repair and improving bone regeneration. This review (i) summarizes the roles of VEGF at different stages of bone repair, including the phases of inflammation, endochondral ossification, intramembranous ossification during callus formation and bone remodeling; (ii) discusses different mechanisms underlying the effects of VEGF on osteoblast function, including paracrine, autocrine and intracrine signaling during bone repair; (iii) summarizes the role of VEGF in the bone regenerative procedure, distraction osteogenesis; and (iv) reviews evidence for the effects of VEGF in the context of repair and regeneration techniques involving the use of scaffolds, skeletal stem cells and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Muinos-López E, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, López-Martínez T, González-Gil AB, Lamo-Espinosa JM, Valentí A, Mortlock DP, Valentí JR, Prósper F, Granero-Moltó F. Hypoxia and Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis in Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Define a Molecular Mechanism for Fracture Nonunion. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2342-53. [PMID: 27250101 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fracture nonunion is a major complication of bone fracture regeneration and repair. The molecular mechanisms that result in fracture nonunion appearance are not fully determined. We hypothesized that fracture nonunion results from the failure of hypoxia and hematoma, the primary signals in response to bone injury, to trigger Bmp2 expression by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MSCs). Using a model of nonstabilized fracture healing in transgenic 5'Bmp2BAC mice we determined that Bmp2 expression appears in close association with hypoxic tissue and hematoma during the early phases of fracture healing. In addition, BMP2 expression is induced when human periosteum explants are exposed to hypoxia ex vivo. Transient interference of hypoxia signaling in vivo with PX-12, a thioredoxin inhibitor, results in reduced Bmp2 expression, impaired fracture callus formation and atrophic-like nonunion by a HIF-1α independent mechanism. In isolated human periosteum-derived MSCs, BMP2 expression could be induced with the addition of platelets concentrate lysate but not with hypoxia treatment, confirming HIF-1α-independent BMP2 expression. Interestingly, in isolated human periosteum-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells, inhibition of BMP2 expression by PX-12 is accomplished only under hypoxic conditions seemingly through dis-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In conclusion, we provide evidence of a molecular mechanism of hypoxia-dependent BMP2 expression in MSCs where interference with ROS homeostasis specifies fracture nonunion-like appearance in vivo through inhibition of Bmp2 expression. Stem Cells 2016;34:2342-2353.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Douglas P Mortlock
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Felipe Prósper
- Cell Therapy Area.,Department of Hematology, Clínica Universidad De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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