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Jiang H, Zhao X, Zang J, Wang R, Gao J, Chen J, Yu T. Establishment of a prognostic risk model for osteosarcoma and mechanistic investigation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1399625. [PMID: 38720781 PMCID: PMC11076780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the immune mechanism of osteosarcoma (OS)-specific markers to mitigate bone destruction in the aggressive OS, prone to recurrence and metastasis. Methods: Gene expression patterns from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE126209) were analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) modeling, and survival analysis to identify charged multivesicular body protein 4C (CHMP4C). Subsequently, its role in regulating the immune system and immune cell infiltration was explored. CHMP4C expression and signaling molecules in OS were assessed in osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63, U2OS, HOS) and hFOB1.19 cells using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence staining. The impact of CHMP4C upregulation and interference on OS-related signaling molecules in MG63 cells was studied. Functional validation of CHMP4C in MG63 OS cells was confirmed through cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell, and colony formation assays. In vivo experiments were conducted using Specific Pathogen Free (SPF)-grade male BALB/C nude mice for OS xenograft studies. Results: Based on the gene expression profiles analysis of six osteosarcoma samples and six normal tissue samples, we identified 1,511 upregulated DEGs and 5,678 downregulated DEGs in normal tissue samples. A significant positive correlation between the "yellow-green" module and OS was found through WGCNA analysis. Expression levels of CHMP4C, phosphorylated Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (p-GSK3β), and β-catenin were notably higher in U2OS, HOS, and MG63 OS cells than in hFOB1.19 human osteoblasts. Overexpressing CHMP4C in MG63 OS cells upregulated CHMP4C, p-GSK3β, and β-catenin while downregulating GSK3β, leading to increased proliferation and migration of MG63 cells. Conversely, interrupting CHMP4C had the opposite effect. High expression of CHMP4C significantly accelerated the growth of OS in nude mice, resulting in substantial upregulation of CHMP4C, p-GSK3β, and β-catenin expression and suppression of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) expression in OS tissues. Conclusion: CHMP4C may serve as a specific immunomodulatory gene for OS. Its activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, mainly by increasing the phosphorylation echelon of GSK3β, promotes the invasion and spread of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuliang Zhao
- Qingdao Medical School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhui Zang
- Qingdao Medical School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ruijiao Wang
- Qingdao Medical School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiake Gao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinli Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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2
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Leng Y, Li J, Long Z, Li C, Zhang L, Huang Z, Xi J, Liu Y. Osteoblast-derived exosomes promote osteogenic differentiation of osteosarcoma cells via URG4/Wnt signaling pathway. Bone 2024; 178:116933. [PMID: 37832904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor. Although surgery and chemotherapy are the main treatment methods, the overall curative effect remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic options for osteosarcoma. In this study, the effect and molecular mechanism of osteoblast-derived exosomes on the treatment of osteosarcoma were evaluated. Human primary osteoblasts were cultured to observe the effects of osteoblast-derived exosomes on the osteogenic differentiation of osteosarcoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase detection were used to evaluate the degree of osteogenic differentiation, and immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to detect protein expression. The results showed that osteoblast-derived exosomes effectively inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and promoted their mineralization in vitro. The exosomes also significantly inhibited tumor growth and promoted tumor tissue mineralization in vivo. Osteoblast-derived exosomes upregulated the expression of bone sialoprotein, osteonectin, osteopontin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and Wnt inhibitory factor 1, downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, and suppressed the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and promoted its phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. However, these effects were significantly reversed by upregulated gene (URG) 4 overexpression. These findings suggest that osteoblast-derived exosomes could activate the osteogenic differentiation process in osteosarcoma cells and promote their differentiation by targeting the URG4/Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxi Leng
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department VI, Affiliated Hongdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330008, PR China
| | - Jingtang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Zutai Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Yayun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China.
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3
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Li XH, Cao C, Zhang HX, Zhou C, Chen Y, Gong Y, Yang JX, Cheng L, Chen XD, Shen H, Xiao HM, Tan LJ, Deng HW. Dissection of Cellular Communication between Human Primary Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis at Single-Cell Resolution. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:342-355. [PMID: 37105556 PMCID: PMC10465330 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Osteoblasts are derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and play important role in bone remodeling. While our previous studies have investigated the cell subtypes and heterogeneity in osteoblasts and BMMSCs separately, cell-to-cell communications between osteoblasts and BMMSCs in vivo in humans have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular communication between human primary osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Methods and Results To investigate the cell-to-cell communications between osteoblasts and BMMSCs and identify new cell subtypes, we performed a systematic integration analysis with our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptomes data from BMMSCs and osteoblasts. We successfully identified a novel preosteoblasts subtype which highly expressed ATF3, CCL2, CXCL2 and IRF1. Biological functional annotations of the transcriptomes suggested that the novel preosteoblasts subtype may inhibit osteoblasts differentiation, maintain cells to a less differentiated status and recruit osteoclasts. Ligand-receptor interaction analysis showed strong interaction between mature osteoblasts and BMMSCs. Meanwhile, we found FZD1 was highly expressed in BMMSCs of osteogenic differentiation direction. WIF1 and SFRP4, which were highly expressed in mature osteoblasts were reported to inhibit osteogenic differentiation. We speculated that WIF1 and sFRP4 expressed in mature osteoblasts inhibited the binding of FZD1 to Wnt ligand in BMMSCs, thereby further inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Conclusions Our study provided a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of osteogenic cells. At the single cell level, this study provided insights into the cell-to-cell communications between BMMSCs and osteoblasts and mature osteoblasts may mediate negative feedback regulation of osteogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chong Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Xi Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Gong
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jun-Xiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Ding Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Reproductive Health, System Biology and Data Information, Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Jun Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Genomic Characterization of Rare Primary Cardiac Sarcoma Entities. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020214. [PMID: 36673024 PMCID: PMC9858520 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cardiac sarcomas are considered rare malignant entities associated with poor prognosis. In fact, knowledge regarding their gene signature and possible treatments is still limited. In our study, whole-transcriptome sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from one cardiac osteosarcoma and one cardiac leiomyosarcoma was performed, to investigate their mutational profiles and to highlight differences and/or similarities to other cardiac histotypes. Both cases have been deeply detailed from a pathological point of view. The osteosarcoma sample presented mutations involving ATRX, ERCC5, and COL1A1, while the leiomyosarcoma case showed EXT2, DNM2, and PSIP1 alterations. Altered genes, along with the most differentially expressed genes in the leiomyosarcoma or osteosarcoma sample versus the cardiac angiosarcomas and intimal sarcomas (e.g., YAF2, PAK5, and CRABP1), appeared to be associated with cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and the repair of DNA damage, which are key mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis. Moreover, a distinct gene expression profile was detected in the osteosarcoma sample when compared to other cardiac sarcomas. For instance, WIF1, a marker of osteoblastic differentiation, was upregulated in our bone tumor. These findings pave the way for further studies on these entities, in order to identify targeted therapies and, therefore, improve patients' prognoses.
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Huang W, Lao L, Deng Y, Li Z, Liao W, Duan S, Xiao S, Cao Y, Miao J. Preparation, characterization, and osteogenic activity mechanism of casein phosphopeptide-calcium chelate. Front Nutr 2022; 9:960228. [PMID: 35983483 PMCID: PMC9378869 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.960228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) are good at calcium-binding and intestinal calcium absorption, but there are few studies on the osteogenic activity of CPPs. In this study, the preparation of casein phosphopeptide calcium chelate (CPP-Ca) was optimized on the basis of previous studies, and its peptide-calcium chelating activity was characterized. Subsequently, the effects of CPP-Ca on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells were studied, and the differentiation mechanism of CPP-Ca on MC3T3-E1 cells was further elucidated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that the calcium chelation rate of CPPs was 23.37%, and the calcium content of CPP-Ca reached 2.64 × 105 mg/kg. The test results of Ultraviolet–Visible absorption spectroscopy (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that carboxyl oxygen and amino nitrogen atoms of CPPs might be chelated with calcium during the chelation. Compared with the control group, the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells treated with 250 μg/mL of CPP-Ca increased by 21.65%, 26.43%, and 28.43% at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized calcium nodules of MC3T3-E1 cells were notably increased by 55% and 72%. RNA-seq results showed that 321 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with CPP-Ca, including 121 upregulated and 200 downregulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) revealed that the DEGs mainly played important roles in the regulation of cellular components. The enrichment of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Database (KEGG) pathway indicated that the AMPK, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways were involved in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The results of a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that compared with the blank control group, the mRNA expressions of Apolipoprotein D (APOD), Osteoglycin (OGN), and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) were significantly increased by 2.6, 2.0 and 3.0 times, respectively, while the mRNA levels of NOTUM, WIF1, and LRP4 notably decreased to 2.3, 2.1, and 4.2 times, respectively, which were consistent both in GO functional and KEGG enrichment pathway analysis. This study provided a theoretical basis for CPP-Ca as a nutritional additive in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhui Lao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyao Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyin Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, China.,Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin, China
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6
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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Wu M, Chen G. Wnt signaling: essential roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone metabolism and therapeutic implications for bone and skeletal disorders. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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7
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Mo C, Guo J, Qin J, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wei H, Cao D, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Shen L, Yue R. Single-cell transcriptomics of LepR-positive skeletal cells reveals heterogeneous stress-dependent stem and progenitor pools. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108415. [PMID: 34957577 PMCID: PMC8844986 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin receptor (LepR)-positive cells are key components of the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment, and highly enrich skeletal stem and progenitor cells that maintain homeostasis of the adult skeleton. However, the heterogeneity and lineage hierarchy within this population has been elusive. Using genetic lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that Lepr-Cre labels most bone marrow stromal cells and osteogenic lineage cells in adult long bones. Integrated analysis of Lepr-Cre-traced cells under homeostatic and stress conditions revealed dynamic changes of the adipogenic, osteogenic, and periosteal lineages. Importantly, we discovered a Notch3+ bone marrow sub-population that is slow-cycling and closely associated with the vasculatures, as well as key transcriptional networks promoting osteo-chondrogenic differentiation. We also identified a Sca-1+ periosteal sub-population with high clonogenic activity but limited osteo-chondrogenic potential. Together, we mapped the transcriptomic landscape of adult LepR+ stem and progenitor cells and uncovered cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying their maintenance and lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Mo
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jingxin Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery2nd Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiachen Qin
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuxi Sun
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hanjing Wei
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dandan Cao
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chengchen Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanhong Xiong
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of ImplantologySchool & Hospital of StomatologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and RegenerationTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery2nd Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hangzhou Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rui Yue
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical TranslationShanghaiChina
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8
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Vasiliadis ES, Evangelopoulos DS, Kaspiris A, Vlachos C, Pneumaticos SG. Sclerostin and Its Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225286. [PMID: 34830568 PMCID: PMC8618875 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis is a disorder of unknown etiology. Bone biopsies from idiopathic scoliosis patients revealed changes at cellular and molecular level. Osteocytic sclerostin is downregulated, and serum level of sclerostin is decreased. Osteocytes in idiopathic scoliosis appear to be less active with abnormal canaliculi network. Differentiation of osteoblasts to osteocytes is decelerated, while Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is overactivated and affects normal bone mineralization that leads to inferior mechanical properties of the bone, which becomes susceptible to asymmetrical forces and causes deformity of the spinal column. Targeting bone metabolism during growth by stimulating sclerostin secretion from osteocytes and restoring normal function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could, in theory, increase bone strength and prevent deterioration of the scoliotic deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S. Vasiliadis
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.S.E.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2132-086-000
| | - Dimitrios Stergios Evangelopoulos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.S.E.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Angelos Kaspiris
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division for Orthopaedic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece;
| | - Christos Vlachos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.S.E.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Spyros G. Pneumaticos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.S.E.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
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9
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The characterization of distinct populations of murine skeletal cells that have different roles in B lymphopoiesis. Blood 2021; 138:304-317. [PMID: 33786586 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is extrinsically controlled by cells of the bone marrow microenvironment, including skeletal lineage cells. The identification and subsequent studies of distinct subpopulations of maturing skeletal cells is currently limited due to a lack of methods to isolate these cells. We found that murine Lineage-CD31-Sca-1-CD51+ cells can be divided into four subpopulations using flow cytometry, based on their expression of the platelet derived growth factor receptors ⍺ and β (PDGFR⍺ and PDGFRβ). The use of different skeletal lineage reporters confirmed the skeletal origin of the four populations. Multiplex immunohistochemistry studies revealed that all four populations were localized near the growth plate and trabecular bone and were rarely found near cortical bone regions or in central bone marrow. Functional studies revealed differences in their abundance, colony-forming unit-fibroblast capacity and potential to differentiate into mineralized osteoblasts or adipocytes in vitro. Furthermore, the four populations had distinct gene expression profiles and differential cell surface expression of leptin receptor (LEPR) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Interestingly, we discovered that one of these four different skeletal populations showed the highest expression of genes involved in the extrinsic regulation of B lymphopoiesis. This cell population varied in abundance between distinct hematopoietically active skeletal sites, and significant differences in the proportions of B lymphocyte precursors were also observed in these distinct skeletal sites. It also supported pre-B lymphopoiesis in culture. Our method to isolate four distinct maturing skeletal populations will assist in elucidating the roles of distinct skeletal niche cells in regulating hematopoiesis and bone.
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10
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Parra-Torres AY, Enríquez J, Jiménez-Ortega RF, Patiño N, Castillejos-López MDJ, Torres-Espíndola LM, Ramírez-Salazar EG, Velázquez-Cruz R. Expression profiles of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related extracellular antagonists during proliferation and differentiation in human osteoblast-like cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:254. [PMID: 33178352 PMCID: PMC7654218 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation is a dynamic process directed by osteoblast activity. The transition from the proliferation to differentiation stage during osteoblast maturation involves the downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and extracellular antagonists are important for the regulation of Wnt signaling. However, the expression levels of Wnt antagonists in these stages of human osteoblast maturation have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of extracellular Wnt antagonists during proliferation and differentiation in osteoblast-like cell lines. The results demonstrated an overlap between the differential expression of secreted Frizzled-related protein (SFPR)2, SFRP3, SFRP4 and Dickkopf (DKK) 2 genes during the differentiation stage in the MG-63 and Saos-2 cells. Furthermore, high expression levels of DKK3 in MG-63 cells, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) in Saos-2 cells and DKK4 in hFOB 1.19 cells during the same stage (differentiation), were observed. The upregulated expression levels of Wnt antagonists were also correlated with the high expression of anxin 2 during the differentiation stage. These findings suggested that Wnt-related antagonists could modulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. By contrast, DKK1 was the only gene that was found to be upregulated during the proliferation stage in hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides, for the first time, the expression profile of Wnt antagonists during the proliferation stage and the initial phases of differentiation in osteoblast-like cell lines. The current results offer a basis to investigate potential targets for bone-related Wnt-signaling modulation in bone metabolism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Y Parra-Torres
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Juana Enríquez
- Department of Reproduction Biology Carlos Gual Castro, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rogelio F Jiménez-Ortega
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Nelly Patiño
- Subdirection of Clinical Applications Development, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Manuel De Jesús Castillejos-López
- Epidemiological Surveillance Unit, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) 'Ismael Cosío Villegas', Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luz M Torres-Espíndola
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics (INP), Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Eric G Ramírez-Salazar
- National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT)-National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
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11
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Mashhadikhan M, Kheiri H, Dehghanifard A. DNA methylation and gene expression of sFRP2, sFRP4, Dkk 1, and Wif1 during osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:349-356. [PMID: 32835781 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are an irresistible choice for use in stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine. BMSCs osteoblastic differentiation is also important in bone development, diseases, malignancies, and cancers studies. Wnt signaling pathway antagonists, Dickkopf-1 (Dkk 1), Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins (sFRPs), and Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 (Wif1) play important roles in inducing osteoblastic differentiation. This study is the first to investigate the association between DNA methylation and gene expression of Dkk1, sFRP2, sFRP4, and Wif1 during BMSCs osteoblastic differentiation. METHODS Human BMSCs were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry. Then, cells were treated with osteo-differentiation medium for three weeks. Alizarin red S staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (alkaline phosphatase/osteocalcin) were performed for confirmation. The expression of Dkk 1, sFRP2, sFRP4, and Wif1 genes was evaluated at days 7, 14, and 21 using real-time PCR. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was performed to detect the methylation status of the promoters of the genes. RESULTS Data showed significant decreases (P < 0.05) during various days of BMSCs differentiation, while the promoters of the genes remained mostly un-methylated. CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of Dkk 1, sFRP2, sFRP4, and Wif1 regulates various stages of human BMSCs during osteoblastic differentiation. DNA methylation does not interfere in the down-regulation of these genes, except for Wif1. We propose that the Wnt antagonist gene promoters should remain un-methylated during osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs and that the down-regulation of these genes may contribute to other epigenetic mechanisms, other than DNA methylation, which implicitly indicates the role of DNA methylation in osteogenic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Mashhadikhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kheiri
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Ali Dehghanifard
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Ye Z, Zheng Z, Peng L. MicroRNA profiling of serum exosomes in patients with osteosarcoma by high-throughput sequencing. J Investig Med 2020; 68:893-901. [PMID: 32060049 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The microRNA expression profile of plasma exosomes in osteosarcoma needs to be further explored. The present study intends to investigate the practicality of plasma exosomal miRNAs as novel biomarkers of osteosarcoma. In the study, exosome-like vesicles were purified from the plasma of patients with osteosarcoma and healthy control. Differential centrifugation was used. The purified vesicles which ranged from 50 to 100 nm in size were identified as exosomes by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. Validating assays in vitro and in vivo were performed via CCK8, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, transwell and wound healing assays and xenograft model. High-throughput sequencing identified that 57 miRNAs, 20 of which were upregulated and 37 downregulated, were differentially expressed in patients with osteosarcoma and healthy control (p<0.01; fold change ≥3). In comparison to the controls, the expression levels of miR-92a-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-195-3 p, miR-335-5 p, let-7i-3p were upregulated in the exosomes from patients with osteosarcoma with statistical significance. Studies in vitro and in vivo have proved that osteosarcoma-secreted exosomes from miR-195-3 p upregulated 143B osteosarcoma cells promote cell proliferation and invasion. Overall, the present study identified exosomal miRNAs with dysregulated expression in patients with osteosarcoma, and they may have potential as targets for the treatment of patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo City Sixth Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhuojun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Linrui Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo City Sixth Hospital, Ningbo, China
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13
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The Regulation of Bone Metabolism and Disorders by Wnt Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225525. [PMID: 31698687 PMCID: PMC6888566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt, a secreted glycoprotein, has an approximate molecular weight of 40 kDa, and it is a cytokine involved in various biological phenomena including ontogeny, morphogenesis, carcinogenesis, and maintenance of stem cells. The Wnt signaling pathway can be classified into two main pathways: canonical and non-canonical. Of these, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis. Sclerostin produced by osteocytes is an inhibitor of this pathway, thereby inhibiting osteogenesis. Recently, osteoporosis treatment using an anti-sclerostin therapy has been introduced. In this review, the basics of Wnt signaling, its role in bone metabolism and its involvement in skeletal disorders have been covered. Furthermore, the clinical significance and future scopes of Wnt signaling in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and neoplasia are discussed.
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14
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Chen Y, Cao J, Zhang N, Yang B, He Q, Shao X, Ying M. Advances in differentiation therapy for osteosarcoma. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:497-504. [PMID: 31499188 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy involves the use of agents that can induce differentiation in cancer cells, with the irreversible loss of tumour phenotype. The application of differentiation therapy in osteosarcoma has made progress because of a better understanding of the potential links between differentiation defects and tumorigenesis. Here, we review recent studies on differentiation therapy for osteosarcoma, describing a variety of differentiation inducers. By highlighting these examples of drug-induced osteosarcoma cell differentiation, we can acquire unique insights into not only osteosarcoma treatment, but also novel approaches to transform differentiating drugs into more effective therapies for other solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Shao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the changes in the promoter methylation and gene expression of multiple Wnt antagonists between the chronic infection and eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS The levels of methylation and corresponding mRNA expression of seven Wnt antagonist genes (SFRP1, -2, -5, DKK1, -2, -3, WIF1) were compared among the patients with H. pylori-positive gastric cancers (GCs), and H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative controls, by quantitative MethyLight assay and real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. The changes of the methylation and expression levels of the genes were also compared between the H. pylori eradication and H. pylori-persistent groups 1 year after endoscopic resection of GCs. RESULTS The methylation levels of SFRP and DKK family genes were significantly increased in the patients with H. pylori-positive GCs and followed by H. pylori-positive controls compared with H. pylori-negative controls (P < 0.001). SFRP1, -2, and DKK3 gene expression was stepwise downregulated from H. pylori-negative controls, H. pylori-positive controls, and to H. pylori-positive GCs (P < 0.05). Among the Wnt antagonists, only the degrees of methylation and downregulation of DKK3 were significantly reduced after H. pylori eradication (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Epigenetic silencing of SFRP and DKK family genes may facilitate the formation of an epigenetic field during H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. The epigenetic field may not be reversed even after H. pylori eradication except by DKK3 methylation.
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16
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Holdsworth G, Greenslade K, Jose J, Stencel Z, Kirby H, Moore A, Ke HZ, Robinson MK. Dampening of the bone formation response following repeat dosing with sclerostin antibody in mice is associated with up-regulation of Wnt antagonists. Bone 2018; 107:93-103. [PMID: 29129759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Administration of antibodies to sclerostin (Scl-Ab) has been shown to increase bone mass, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption in both animal studies and human clinical trials. In these studies, the magnitude and rate of increase in bone formation markers is attenuated upon repeat dosing with Scl-Ab despite a continuous and progressive increase in BMD. Here, we investigated whether the attenuation in the bone formation response following repeated administration of Scl-Ab was associated with increased expression of secreted antagonists of Wnt signalling and determined how the circulating marker of bone formation, P1NP, responded to single, or multiple doses, of Scl-Ab four days post-dosing. Female Balb/c mice were treated with Scl-Ab and we demonstrated that the large increase in serum P1NP observed following the first dose was reduced following administration of multiple doses of Scl-Ab. This dampening of the P1NP response was not due to a change in the kinetics of the bone formation marker response, or differences in exposure to the drug. The abundance of transcripts encoding several secreted Wnt antagonists was determined in femurs collected from mice following one or six doses of Scl-Ab, or vehicle treatment. Compared with vehicle controls, expression of SOST, SOST-DC1, DKK1, DKK2, SFRP1, SFRP2, FRZB, SFRP4 and WIF1 transcripts was significantly increased (approximately 1.5-4.2 fold) following a single dose of Scl-Ab. With the exception of SFRP1, these changes were maintained or further increased following six doses of Scl-Ab and the abundance of SFRP5 was also increased. Up-regulation of these Wnt antagonists may exert a negative feedback to increased Wnt signalling induced by repeated administration of Scl-Ab and could contribute to self-regulation of the bone formation response over time. After an antibody-free period of four weeks or more, the P1NP response was comparable to the naïve response, and a second phase of treatment with Scl-Ab following an antibody-free period elicited additional gains in BMD. Together, these data demonstrate that the rapid dampening of the bone formation response in the immediate post-dose period which occurs after repeat dosing of Scl-Ab is associated with increased expression of Wnt antagonists, and a treatment-free period can restore the full bone formation response to Scl-Ab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hishani Kirby
- UCB Pharma, Slough, UK; Hishani Kirby Associates Ltd, Reading, UK
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17
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the predominant form of bone cancer, affecting mostly adolescents. Recent progress made in molecular genetic studies of osteosarcoma has changed our view on the cause of the disease and ongoing therapeutic approaches for patients. As we draw closer to gaining more complete catalogs of candidate cancer driver genes in common forms of cancer, the landscape of somatic mutations in osteosarcoma is emerging from its first phase. In this review, we summarize recent whole genome and/or whole exome genomic studies, and then put these findings in the context of genetic hallmarks of somatic mutations and mutational processes in human osteosarcoma. One of the lessons learned here is that the extent of somatic mutations and complexity of the osteosarcoma genome are similar to that of common forms of adult cancer. Thus, a much higher number of samples than those currently obtained are needed to complete the catalog of driver mutations in human osteosarcoma. In parallel, genetic studies in other species have revealed candidate driver genes and their roles in the genesis of osteosarcoma. This review also summarizes newly identified drivers in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and discusses our understanding of the impact of nature and number of drivers on tumor latency, subtypes, and metastatic potentials of osteosarcoma. It is becoming apparent that a synergistic team composed of three drivers (one 'first driver' and two 'synergistic drivers') may be required to generate an animal model that recapitulates aggressive osteosarcoma with a short latency. Finally, new cancer therapies are urgently needed to improve survival rate and quality of life for osteosarcoma patients. Several vulnerabilities in osteosarcoma are illustrated in this review to exemplify the opportunities for next generation molecularly targeted therapies. However, much work remains in order to complete our understanding of the somatic mutation basis of osteosarcoma, to develop reliable animal models of human disease, and to apply this information to guide new therapeutic approaches for reducing morbidity and mortality of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby Rickel
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Jianning Tao
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
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18
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Wang X, Tang D, Shen P, Xu H, Qiu H, Wu T, Gao X. Analysis of DNA methylation in chondrocytes in rats with knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:377. [PMID: 28859619 PMCID: PMC5579940 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative knee disease commonly found in the ageing population. DNA methylation works with histone acetylation to participate in aging. Alterations of DNA methylation may involve the joint chondrocyte degeneration in KOA. The aim of this study is to detect DNA methylation changes in chondrocytes of rats with KOA. METHODS The rat KOA model was established with the Hulth method (n = 10), while rats receiving sham operation served as the control (n = 10). At 16 weeks after modeling, the knee joint tissue was collected from half of the rats in each group for Micro-CT scanning, Haematoxylin& Eosin (HE) staining, ABH/OG staining, immunohistochemistry for Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas, and TUNNEL staining. Meanwhile, the articular cartilage was collected from the other half to detect promoter methylation in target genes with the MethylTarget approach. RESULTS Micro-CT scanning, HE staining, ABH/OG staining, immunohistochemistry, and TUNNEL staining all showed more severe cartilage injury in the KOA group than in the control group, indicating successful establishment of KOA model. The methylation rate in the KOA group was significantly decreased for C/ebpα-2 (within a CpG island -452 bp to the initiation codon on chromosome 1 91,363,511), Cdk2 (within a CpG island -55 bp to the initiation codon on chromosome 7 3,132,362), Bak1 (within a CpG island 6452 bp to the initiation codon on chromosome 20 5,622,277), and Fas (within a CpG island on the entire chromosome 1 gene), compared with the sham group (P = 0.005, 0.008, 0.022 and 0.027, respectively). CONCLUSION The chondrocyte apoptosis and significantly reduced methylation levels of C/ebpα-2, Cdk2, Bak1, and Fas may participate in the pathogenesis of KOA. However, the exact mechanisms remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dezhi Tang
- Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongfu Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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19
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Pridgeon MG, Grohar PJ, Steensma MR, Williams BO. Wnt Signaling in Ewing Sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2017. [PMID: 28647886 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-017-0377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Wnt signaling plays a central role in development and homeostasis, and its dysregulation is a common event in many types of human cancer. Here we explore in detail the contributions of Wnt signaling to the initiation and maintenance of three types of saroma: Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. This review provides an overview of the Wnt signaling pathway and explores in detail the current knowledge about its role in the initiation or maintenance of three tumor types: Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work has assessed the role(s) of Wnt signaling within these cell types. This review provides an overview of the mechanistic insights that have been gained from a number of recent studies to set the foundation for potential therapeutic applications. Wnt signaling has emerged as a potentially critical pathway in maintaining the growth of these types of tumors. Given the fact that many new inhibitors of the pathway have recently or will soon enter Phase 1 clinical trials, it is likely that assessment of their activity in these tumor types will occur in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Pridgeon
- Grand Rapids Medical Education Partners, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Spectrum Health Cancer Center, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Patrick J Grohar
- Spectrum Health Cancer Center, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Matthew R Steensma
- Spectrum Health Cancer Center, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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20
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Retinoic acid receptor signalling directly regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from mesenchymal progenitor cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:284-297. [PMID: 27964926 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Low and high serum retinol levels are associated with increased fracture risk and poor bone health. We recently showed retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are negative regulators of osteoclastogenesis. Here we show RARs are also negative regulators of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. The pan-RAR agonist, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), directly inhibited differentiation and mineralisation of early osteoprogenitors and impaired the differentiation of more mature osteoblast populations. In contrast, the pan-RAR antagonist, IRX4310, accelerated differentiation of early osteoprogenitors. These effects predominantly occurred via RARγ and were further enhanced by an RARα agonist or antagonist, respectively. RAR agonists similarly impaired adipogenesis in osteogenic cultures. RAR agonist treatment resulted in significant upregulation of the Wnt antagonist, Sfrp4. This accompanied reduced nuclear and cytosolic β-catenin protein and reduced expression of the Wnt target gene Axin2, suggesting impaired Wnt/β-catenin signalling. To determine the effect of RAR inhibition in post-natal mice, IRX4310 was administered to male mice for 10 days and bones were assessed by µCT. No change to trabecular bone volume was observed, however, radial bone growth was impaired. These studies show RARs directly influence osteoblast and adipocyte formation from mesenchymal cells, and inhibition of RAR signalling in vivo impairs radial bone growth in post-natal mice.
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21
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Adamopoulos C, Gargalionis AN, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Deciphering signaling networks in osteosarcoma pathobiology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1296-305. [PMID: 27190271 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216648806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent type of primary bone tumors among children and adolescents. During the past years, little progress has been made regarding prognosis of osteosarcoma patients, especially for those with metastatic disease. Genomic instability and gene alterations are common, but current data do not reveal a consistent and repeatable pattern of osteosarcoma development, thus paralleling the tumor's high heterogeneity. Critical signal transduction pathways have been implicated in osteosarcoma pathobiology and are being evaluated as therapeutic targets, including receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK), Wnt, Notch, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, and mechanotransduction pathways. Herein, we recapitulate and discuss recent advances in the context of molecular mechanisms and signaling networks that contribute to osteosarcoma progression and metastasis, towards patient-tailored and novel-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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22
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Morimoto E, Li M, Khalid AB, Krum SA, Chimge NO, Frenkel B. Glucocorticoids Hijack Runx2 to Stimulate Wif1 for Suppression of Osteoblast Growth and Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:145-53. [PMID: 27061521 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of Runx2 is one of many mechanisms that suppress bone formation in glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIO). We profiled mRNA expression in ST2/Rx2(dox) cells after treatment with doxycycline (dox; to induce Runx2) and/or the synthetic GC dexamethasone (dex). As expected, dex typically antagonized Runx2-driven transcription. Select genes, however, were synergistic stimulated and this was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Among the genes synergistically stimulated by GCs and Runx2 was Wnt inhibitory Factor 1 (Wif1), and Wif1 protein was readily detectable in medium conditioned by cultures co-treated with dox and dex, but neither alone. Cooperation between Runx2 and GCs in stimulating Wif1 was also observed in primary preosteoblast cultures. GCs strongly inhibited dox-driven alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in control ST2/Rx2(dox) cells, but not in cells in which Wif1 was silenced. Unlike its anti-mitogenic activity in committed osteoblasts, induction of Runx2 transiently increased the percentage of cells in S-phase and accelerated proliferation in the ST2 mesenchymal pluripotent cell culture model. Furthermore, like the inhibition of Runx2-driven ALP activity, dex antagonized the transient mitogenic effect of Runx2 in ST2/Rx2(dox) cultures, and this inhibition eased upon Wif1 silencing. Plausibly, homeostatic feedback loops that rely on Runx2 activation to compensate for bone loss in GIO are thwarted, exacerbating disease progression through stimulation of Wif1. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 145-153, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Morimoto
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Meng Li
- Bioinformatics Service Program, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aysha B Khalid
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Susan A Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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23
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Reppe S, Datta H, Gautvik KM. The Influence of DNA Methylation on Bone Cells. Curr Genomics 2016; 16:384-92. [PMID: 27019613 PMCID: PMC4765525 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150817202913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation in eukaryotes invokes heritable alterations of the of the cytosine base in DNA without changing the underlying genomic DNA sequence. DNA methylation may be modified by environmental exposures as well as gene polymorphisms and may be a mechanistic link between environmental risk factors and the development of disease. In this review, we consider the role of DNA methylation in bone cells (osteoclasts/osteoblasts/osteocytes) and their progenitors with special focus on in vitro and ex vivo analyses. The number of studies on DNA methylation in bone cells is still somewhat limited, nevertheless it is getting increasingly clear that this type of the epigenetic changes is a critical regulator of gene expression. DNA methylation is necessary for proper development and function of bone cells and is accompanied by disease characteristic functional alterations as presently reviewed including postmenopausal osteoporosis and mechanical strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjur Reppe
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo, Norway; ; Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway;; University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harish Datta
- Newcastle University, Institute of Cellular Medicine, UK
| | - Kaare M Gautvik
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway;; University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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