1
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Pinezich MR, Mir M, Graney PL, Tavakol DN, Chen J, Hudock M, Gavaudan O, Chen P, Kaslow SR, Reimer JA, Van Hassel J, Guenthart BA, O’Neill JD, Bacchetta M, Kim J, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Lung-Mimetic Hydrofoam Sealant to Treat Pulmonary Air Leak. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303026. [PMID: 38279961 PMCID: PMC11102335 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary air leak is the most common complication of lung surgery, contributing to post-operative morbidity in up to 60% of patients; yet, there is no reliable treatment. Available surgical sealants do not match the demanding deformation mechanics of lung tissue; and therefore, fail to seal air leak. To address this therapeutic gap, a sealant with structural and mechanical similarity to subpleural lung is designed, developed, and systematically evaluated. This "lung-mimetic" sealant is a hydrofoam material that has alveolar-like porous ultrastructure, lung-like viscoelastic properties (adhesive, compressive, tensile), and lung extracellular matrix-derived signals (matrikines) to support tissue repair. In biocompatibility testing, the lung-mimetic sealant shows minimal cytotoxicity and immunogenicity in vitro. Human primary monocytes exposed to sealant matrikines in vitro upregulate key genes (MARCO, PDGFB, VEGF) known to correlate with pleural wound healing and tissue repair in vivo. In rat and swine models of pulmonary air leak, this lung-mimetic sealant rapidly seals air leak and restores baseline lung mechanics. Altogether, these data indicate that the lung-mimetic sealant can effectively seal pulmonary air leak and promote a favorable cellular response in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mir
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | | | | | - Jiawen Chen
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Maria Hudock
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | | | - Panpan Chen
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Surgery
| | - Sarah R. Kaslow
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Surgery
| | - Jonathan A. Reimer
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Surgery
| | - Julie Van Hassel
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Surgery
| | | | - John D. O’Neill
- State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Jinho Kim
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine
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2
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Jia X, Lin W, Wang W. Regulation of chromatin organization during animal regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:19. [PMID: 37259007 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Activation of regeneration upon tissue damages requires the activation of many developmental genes responsible for cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and tissue patterning. Ample evidence revealed that the regulation of chromatin organization functions as a crucial mechanism for establishing and maintaining cellular identity through precise control of gene transcription. The alteration of chromatin organization can lead to changes in chromatin accessibility and/or enhancer-promoter interactions. Like embryogenesis, each stage of tissue regeneration is accompanied by dynamic changes of chromatin organization in regeneration-responsive cells. In the past decade, many studies have been conducted to investigate the contribution of chromatin organization during regeneration in various tissues, organs, and organisms. A collection of chromatin regulators were demonstrated to play critical roles in regeneration. In this review, we will summarize the progress in the understanding of chromatin organization during regeneration in different research organisms and discuss potential common mechanisms responsible for the activation of regeneration response program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Jia
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weifeng Lin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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3
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Li L, Cui L, Lin P, Liu Z, Bao S, Ma X, Nan H, Zhu W, Cen J, Mao Y, Ma X, Jiang L, Nie Y, Ginhoux F, Li Y, Li H, Hui L. Kupffer-cell-derived IL-6 is repurposed for hepatocyte dedifferentiation via activating progenitor genes from injury-specific enhancers. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:283-299.e9. [PMID: 36787740 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-independent reprogramming of differentiated cells has recently been identified as an important paradigm for repairing injured tissues. Following periportal injury, mature hepatocytes re-activate reprogramming/progenitor-related genes (RRGs) and dedifferentiate into liver progenitor-like cells (LPLCs) in both mice and humans, which contribute remarkably to regeneration. However, it remains unknown which and how external factors trigger hepatocyte reprogramming. Here, by employing single-cell transcriptional profiling and lineage-specific deletion tools, we uncovered that periportal-specific LPLC formation was initiated by regionally activated Kupffer cells but not peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages. Unexpectedly, using in vivo screening, the proinflammatory factor IL-6 was identified as the niche signal repurposed for RRG induction via STAT3 activation, which drove RRG expression through binding to their pre-accessible enhancers. Notably, RRGs were activated through injury-specific rather than liver embryogenesis-related enhancers. Collectively, these findings depict an injury-specific niche signal and the inflammation-mediated transcription in driving the conversion of hepatocytes into a progenitor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ping Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shujie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haitao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wencheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jin Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunuo Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Yixue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510320, China.
| | - Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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4
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Yan R, Cigliola V, Oonk KA, Petrover Z, DeLuca S, Wolfson DW, Vekstein A, Mendiola MA, Devlin G, Bishawi M, Gemberling MP, Sinha T, Sargent MA, York AJ, Shakked A, DeBenedittis P, Wendell DC, Ou J, Kang J, Goldman JA, Baht GS, Karra R, Williams AR, Bowles DE, Asokan A, Tzahor E, Gersbach CA, Molkentin JD, Bursac N, Black BL, Poss KD. An enhancer-based gene-therapy strategy for spatiotemporal control of cargoes during tissue repair. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:96-111.e6. [PMID: 36516837 PMCID: PMC9830588 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of gene-therapy strategies for indications like tissue damage hinge on precision; yet, current methods afford little spatial or temporal control of payload delivery. Here, we find that tissue-regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) isolated from zebrafish can direct targeted, injury-associated gene expression from viral DNA vectors delivered systemically in small and large adult mammalian species. When employed in combination with CRISPR-based epigenome editing tools in mice, zebrafish TREEs stimulated or repressed the expression of endogenous genes after ischemic myocardial infarction. Intravenously delivered recombinant AAV vectors designed with a TREE to direct a constitutively active YAP factor boosted indicators of cardiac regeneration in mice and improved the function of the injured heart. Our findings establish the application of contextual enhancer elements as a potential therapeutic platform for spatiotemporally controlled tissue regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruorong Yan
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Cigliola
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kelsey A Oonk
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary Petrover
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David W Wolfson
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Vekstein
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Garth Devlin
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Muath Bishawi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew P Gemberling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Avraham Shakked
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - David C Wendell
- Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joseph A Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gurpreet S Baht
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ravi Karra
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam R Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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5
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Harris RE. Regeneration enhancers: a field in development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1548-C1554. [PMID: 36252130 PMCID: PMC9829460 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00403.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to regenerate tissues and organs following damage is not equally distributed across metazoans, and even highly related species can vary considerably in their regenerative capacity. Studies of animals with high regenerative potential have shown that factors expressed during normal development are often reactivated upon damage and required for successful regeneration. As such, regenerative potential may not be dictated by the presence or absence of the necessary genes, but whether such genes are appropriately activated following injury. The identification of damage-responsive enhancers that regulate regenerative gene expression in multiple species and tissues provides possible mechanistic insight into this phenomenon. Enhancers that are reused from developmental programs, and those that are potentially unique to regeneration, have been characterized individually and at a genome-wide scale. A better understanding of the regulatory events that, direct and in some cases limit, regenerative capacity is an important step in developing new methods to manipulate and augment regeneration, particularly in tissues that do not have this ability, including those of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Harris
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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6
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Bmp5 Mutation Alters miRNA Expression During Embryonic External Ear Development. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:2692-2697. [PMID: 35765140 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT To understand the changes in gene regulation and expression of MicroRNA (miRNA) involved in external mouseear embryonic development after point mutation of the Bmp5 gene, the outer ear tissues of developed E15.5 and E17.5 mouse embryos were obtained using a Bmp5 short ear mouse model, and the changes in miRNA expression profiles were detected. Changes in miRNA expression in the experimental and control groups were identified during Bmp5 short ear mouse embryo development at E15.5 and E17.5. GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotations were performed on differentially expressed miRNAs. Multiple signal pathways related to miRNA expression were enhanced during the development of E15.5 and E17.5 embryos of Bmp5 short-ear mice. Based on the basic characteristics of miRNAs, this study aimed to determine the differential expression of miRNAs in Bmp5 short-ear mice during the development of external ear embryos using advanced sequencing techniques. The results showed differences in some key regulatory miRNA changes after point mutations in the Bmp5 gene. This study provides new insights into the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate the development of the external mouse ear. Changes in miRNA expression profiles can also provide clues for studying the biological regulatory mechanism of external ear embryonic development.
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7
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Pathophysiology and Emerging Molecular Therapeutic Targets in Heterotopic Ossification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136983. [PMID: 35805978 PMCID: PMC9266941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term heterotopic ossification (HO) describes bone formation in tissues where bone is normally not present. Musculoskeletal trauma induces signalling events that in turn trigger cells, probably of mesenchymal origin, to differentiate into bone. The aetiology of HO includes extremely rare but severe, generalised and fatal monogenic forms of the disease; and as a common complex disorder in response to musculoskeletal, neurological or burn trauma. The resulting bone forms through a combination of endochondral and intramembranous ossification, depending on the aetiology, initiating stimulus and affected tissue. Given the heterogeneity of the disease, many cell types and biological pathways have been studied in efforts to find effective therapeutic strategies for the disorder. Cells of mesenchymal, haematopoietic and neuroectodermal lineages have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of HO, and the emerging dominant signalling pathways are thought to occur through the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and retinoic acid receptor pathways. Increased understanding of these disease mechanisms has resulted in the emergence of several novel investigational therapeutic avenues, including palovarotene and other retinoic acid receptor agonists and activin A inhibitors that target both canonical and non-canonical signalling downstream of the BMP type 1 receptor. In this article we aim to illustrate the key cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HO and outline recent advances in emerging molecular therapies to treat and prevent HO that have had early success in the monogenic disease and are currently being explored in the common complex forms of HO.
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8
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Zhu L, Liu Y, Wang A, Zhu Z, Li Y, Zhu C, Che Z, Liu T, Liu H, Huang L. Application of BMP in Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:810880. [PMID: 35433652 PMCID: PMC9008764 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.810880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, bone nonunion and delayed union are still difficult problems in orthopaedics. Since the discovery of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), it has been widely used in various studies due to its powerful role in promoting osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Current results show that BMPs can promote healing of bone defects and reduce the occurrence of complications. However, the mechanism of BMP in vivo still needs to be explored, and application of BMP alone to a bone defect site cannot achieve good therapeutic effects. It is particularly important to modify implants to carry BMP to achieve slow and sustained release effects by taking advantage of the nature of the implant. This review aims to explain the mechanism of BMP action in vivo, its biological function, and how BMP can be applied to orthopaedic implants to effectively stimulate bone healing in the long term. Notably, implantation of a system that allows sustained release of BMP can provide an effective method to treat bone nonunion and delayed bone healing in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengqing Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youbin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenjia Che
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tengyue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: He Liu, ; Lanfeng Huang,
| | - Lanfeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: He Liu, ; Lanfeng Huang,
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9
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Heller IS, Guenther CA, Meireles AM, Talbot WS, Kingsley DM. Characterization of mouse Bmp5 regulatory injury element in zebrafish wound models. Bone 2022; 155:116263. [PMID: 34826632 PMCID: PMC9007314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many key signaling molecules used to build tissues during embryonic development are re-activated at injury sites to stimulate tissue regeneration and repair. Bone morphogenetic proteins provide a classic example, but the mechanisms that lead to reactivation of BMPs following injury are still unknown. Previous studies have mapped a large "injury response element" (IRE) in the mouse Bmp5 gene that drives gene expression following bone fractures and other types of injury. Here we show that the large mouse IRE region is also activated in both zebrafish tail resection and mechanosensory hair cell injury models. Using the ability to test multiple constructs and image temporal and spatial dynamics following injury responses, we have narrowed the original size of the mouse IRE region by over 100 fold and identified a small 142 bp minimal enhancer that is rapidly induced in both mesenchymal and epithelial tissues after injury. These studies identify a small sequence that responds to evolutionarily conserved local signals in wounded tissues and suggest candidate pathways that contribute to BMP reactivation after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Heller
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Guenther
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Ana M Meireles
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - David M Kingsley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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10
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Hou Y, He YX, Zhang JH, Wang SR, Zhang Y. Effects of bone morphogenetic proteins on epithelial repair. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2269-2277. [PMID: 34233522 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211028193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissue has important functions such as protection, secretion, and sensation. Epithelial damage is involved in various pathological processes. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a class of growth factors with multiple functions. They play important roles in epithelial cells, including in differentiation, proliferation, and migration during the repair of the epithelium. This article reviews the functions and mechanisms of the most profoundly studied BMPs in the process of epithelial damage repair and their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.,Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu-Xi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.,Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shu-Rong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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11
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Geng F, Ma J, Li X, Hu Z, Zhang R. Hemodynamic Forces Regulate Cardiac Regeneration-Responsive Enhancer Activity during Ventricle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083945. [PMID: 33920448 PMCID: PMC8070559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regenerative capacity varies widely among vertebrates. Zebrafish can robustly regenerate injured hearts and are excellent models to study the mechanisms of heart regeneration. Recent studies have shown that enhancers are able to respond to injury and regulate the regeneration process. However, the mechanisms to activate these regeneration-responsive enhancers (RREs) remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized transient and transgenic analysis combined with a larval zebrafish ventricle ablation model to explore the activation and regulation of a representative RRE. lepb-linked enhancer sequence (LEN) directed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in response to larval ventricle regeneration and such activation was attenuated by hemodynamic force alteration and mechanosensation pathway modulation. Further analysis revealed that Notch signaling influenced the endocardial LEN activity as well as endogenous lepb expression. Altogether, our work has established zebrafish models for rapid characterization of cardiac RREs in vivo and provides novel insights on the regulation of LEN by hemodynamic forces and other signaling pathways during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jinmin Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xueyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhengyue Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Profile of David M. Kingsley. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025633118. [PMID: 33431699 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025633118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Rai MF, Brophy RH, Rosen V. Molecular biology of meniscus pathology: Lessons learned from translational studies and mouse models. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1895-1904. [PMID: 32068295 PMCID: PMC7802285 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Injury to any individual structure in the knee interrupts the overall function of the joint and initiates a cascade of biological and biomechanical changes whose endpoint is often osteoarthritis (OA). The knee meniscus is an integral component of knee biomechanics and may also contribute to the biological homeostasis of the joint. Meniscus injury altering knee function is associated with a high risk of OA progression, and may also be involved in the initiation of OA. As the relationship between meniscus injury and OA is very complex; despite the availability of transcript level data on human meniscus injury and meniscus mediated OA, mechanistic studies are lacking, and available human data are difficult to validate in the absence of patient-matched noninjured control tissues. As similarities exist between human and mouse knee joint structure and function, investigators have begun to use cutting-edge genetic and genomic tools to examine the usefulness of the mouse as a model to study the intricate relationship between meniscus injury and OA. In this review, we use evidence from human meniscus research to identify critical barriers hampering our understanding of meniscus injury induced OA and discuss strategies to overcome these barriers, including those that can be examined in a mouse model of injury-mediated OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
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14
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Thompson JD, Ou J, Lee N, Shin K, Cigliola V, Song L, Crawford GE, Kang J, Poss KD. Identification and requirements of enhancers that direct gene expression during zebrafish fin regeneration. Development 2020; 147:dev.191262. [PMID: 32665240 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To identify candidate tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) important for zebrafish fin regeneration, we performed ATAC-seq from bulk tissue or purified fibroblasts of uninjured and regenerating caudal fins. We identified tens of thousands of DNA regions from each sample type with dynamic accessibility during regeneration, and assigned these regions to proximal genes with corresponding expression changes by RNA-seq. To determine whether these profiles reveal bona fide TREEs, we tested the sufficiency and requirements of several sequences in stable transgenic lines and mutant lines with homozygous deletions. These experiments validated new non-coding regulatory sequences near induced and/or essential genes during fin regeneration, including fgf20a, mdka and cx43, identifying distinct domains of directed expression for each confirmed TREE. Whereas deletion of the previously identified LEN enhancer abolished detectable induction of the nearby leptin b gene during regeneration, deletions of enhancers linked to fgf20a, mdka and cx43 had no effect or partially reduced gene expression. Our study generates a new resource for dissecting the regulatory mechanisms of appendage generation and reveals a range of requirements for individual TREEs in control of regeneration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Thompson
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nutishia Lee
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kwangdeok Shin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Valentina Cigliola
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lingyun Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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15
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Harris RE, Stinchfield MJ, Nystrom SL, McKay DJ, Hariharan IK. Damage-responsive, maturity-silenced enhancers regulate multiple genes that direct regeneration in Drosophila. eLife 2020; 9:58305. [PMID: 32490812 PMCID: PMC7299344 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Like tissues of many organisms, Drosophila imaginal discs lose the ability to regenerate as they mature. This loss of regenerative capacity coincides with reduced damage-responsive expression of multiple genes needed for regeneration. We previously showed that two such genes, wg and Wnt6, are regulated by a single damage-responsive enhancer that becomes progressively inactivated via Polycomb-mediated silencing as discs mature (Harris et al., 2016). Here we explore the generality of this mechanism and identify additional damage-responsive, maturity-silenced (DRMS) enhancers, some near genes known to be required for regeneration such as Mmp1, and others near genes that we now show function in regeneration. Using a novel GAL4-independent ablation system we characterize two DRMS-associated genes, apontic (apt), which curtails regeneration and CG9752/asperous (aspr), which promotes it. This mechanism of suppressing regeneration by silencing damage-responsive enhancers at multiple loci can be partially overcome by reducing activity of the chromatin regulator extra sex combs (esc).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Spencer L Nystrom
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Daniel J McKay
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
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16
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Lu D, Sin HS, Lu C, Fuller MT. Developmental regulation of cell type-specific transcription by novel promoter-proximal sequence elements. Genes Dev 2020; 34:663-677. [PMID: 32217666 PMCID: PMC7197356 DOI: 10.1101/gad.335331.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell type-specific transcriptional programs that drive differentiation of specialized cell types are key players in development and tissue regeneration. One of the most dramatic changes in the transcription program in Drosophila occurs with the transition from proliferating spermatogonia to differentiating spermatocytes, with >3000 genes either newly expressed or expressed from new alternative promoters in spermatocytes. Here we show that opening of these promoters from their closed state in precursor cells requires function of the spermatocyte-specific tMAC complex, localized at the promoters. The spermatocyte-specific promoters lack the previously identified canonical core promoter elements except for the Inr. Instead, these promoters are enriched for the binding site for the TALE-class homeodomain transcription factors Achi/Vis and for a motif originally identified under tMAC ChIP-seq peaks. The tMAC motif resembles part of the previously identified 14-bp β2UE1 element critical for spermatocyte-specific expression. Analysis of downstream sequences relative to transcription start site usage suggested that ACA and CNAAATT motifs at specific positions can help promote efficient transcription initiation. Our results reveal how promoter-proximal sequence elements that recruit and are acted upon by cell type-specific chromatin binding complexes help establish a robust, cell type-specific transcription program for terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ho-Su Sin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chenggang Lu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Margaret T Fuller
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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17
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Chromatin dynamics in regeneration epithelia: Lessons from Drosophila imaginal discs. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 97:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Rodriguez AM, Kang J. Regeneration enhancers: Starting a journey to unravel regulatory events in tissue regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 97:47-54. [PMID: 30953740 PMCID: PMC6783330 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration, an ability to replace lost body parts, is widespread across animal species. While mammals poorly regenerate most tissues, teleost fish and urodele amphibians possess remarkable regenerative capacity. Earlier work demonstrated that genes driving regeneration are evolutionarily conserved, indicating that a key factor in diverse tissue regeneration is not the presence or absence of regeneration-driving genes but the mechanisms controlling activation of these genes after injury. Thus, understanding the regulatory events of tissue regeneration could provide the means for unlocking latent capacities for tissue regeneration. After injury, cells undergo extensive epigenetic changes to establish new transcriptional programs for tissue regeneration. Gene transcription in eukaryotes is a complicated process that requires specific interactions between trans-acting regulators and cis-regulatory DNA elements. Among cis-regulatory elements, enhancers are essential to control precise gene expression. Recently, multiple regeneration/injury-associated enhancers have been identified in several model organisms. In this review, we highlight recently discovered regeneration/injury enhancers and their specific characteristics. We also discuss how abnormal regulation of regeneration enhancers influences animal development and physiology. Investigation of regeneration enhancers potentially allows us to begin understanding the fundamental biology of tissue regeneration and inspires new solutions for manipulating regenerative ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjelica M Rodriguez
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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19
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Cox BD, Yun MH, Poss KD. Can laboratory model systems instruct human limb regeneration? Development 2019; 146:146/20/dev181016. [PMID: 31578190 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration has fascinated scientists since well before the 20th century revolutions in genetics and molecular biology. The field of regenerative biology has grown steadily over the past decade, incorporating advances in imaging, genomics and genome editing to identify key cell types and molecules involved across many model organisms. Yet for many or most tissues, it can be difficult to predict when and how findings from these studies will advance regenerative medicine. Establishing technologies to stimulate regrowth of a lost or amputated limb with a patterned replicate, as salamanders do routinely, is one of the most challenging directives of tissue regeneration research. Here, we speculate upon what research avenues the field must explore to move closer to this capstone achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben D Cox
- Regeneration Next, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maximina H Yun
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany .,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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20
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Mokalled MH, Poss KD. A Regeneration Toolkit. Dev Cell 2019; 47:267-280. [PMID: 30399333 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of animals to replace injured body parts has been a subject of fascination for centuries. The emerging importance of regenerative medicine has reinvigorated investigations of innate tissue regeneration, and the development of powerful genetic tools has fueled discoveries into how tissue regeneration occurs. Here, we present an overview of the armamentarium employed to probe regeneration in vertebrates, highlighting areas where further methodology advancement will deepen mechanistic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa H Mokalled
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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21
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Yang K, Kang J. Tissue Regeneration Enhancer Elements: A Way to Unlock Endogenous Healing Power. Dev Dyn 2018; 248:34-42. [PMID: 30291668 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative capacity is widespread throughout almost all animal phyla. However, the distribution pattern remains incompletely understood. Various examples show that very closely related species display different regenerative capacities. Why and how have diverse regenerative capacities evolved across species? One prevailing thought in the field of regeneration is that most regeneration-associated factors are evolutionarily conserved, suggesting the existence of an innate tissue regeneration ability in all species. However, its regulation is differentially controlled in distinct species, resulting in heterogeneous regenerative capabilities. In this review, we discuss regeneration-associated enhancers, the key cis-regulatory elements controlling gene expression, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and their influence on regenerative capacity. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of regeneration enhancers can provide fundamental insights into tissue regeneration and further help us develop therapeutic strategies to unlock latent healing powers in humans. Developmental Dynamics 248:34-42, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- KaHoua Yang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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22
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He Y, Yao W, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Jiang Z, Ma T, Sun J, Shao M, Chen J. Changes in osteogenic gene expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by SIN-1. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:609-618. [PMID: 30116317 PMCID: PMC6090273 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying osteoarthritis (OA) and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) remain poorly understood. Hypertrophic chondrocytes serve an important role in the development of both OA and KBD, whereas oxidative stress can contribute to the pathological progression of cartilage damage. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect altered expression of osteogenesis-related genes in hypertrophic chondrocytes, following treatment with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). ATDC5 cells were induced to develop into hypertrophic chondrocytes via Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium. The appropriate concentration and time of SIN-1 treatment was determined via MTT assay. Following hypertrophic chondrocyte stimulation with SIN-1, a liquid chip was analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was conducted on individual genes to validate the array-based data. Analyses of protein-protein interactions, gene ontology functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment of the differentially expressed genes were also performed. A total of 6 upregulated and 34 downregulated genes were identified, including the mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) family (Smad1-4), bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors (Bmp2, Bmp3, Bmpr1α and Bmpr1β), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2,−9 and−10). These genes are associated with collagen biology, transcriptional control, skeletal development, bone mineral metabolism, and cell adhesion. SIN-1 induced death of hypertrophic chondrocytes likely through TGF-β/Smad or BMP/Smad pathways. Oxidative-stress-dependent induction of abnormal gene expression may be associated with chondronecrosis in the cartilage of patients with OA or KBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Graduate Students Teaching Experiment Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yao
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhuocheng Jiang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tianyou Ma
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Shao
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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23
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Guo M, Liu Z, Willen J, Shaw CP, Richard D, Jagoda E, Doxey AC, Hirschhorn J, Capellini TD. Epigenetic profiling of growth plate chondrocytes sheds insight into regulatory genetic variation influencing height. eLife 2017; 6:29329. [PMID: 29205154 PMCID: PMC5716665 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GWAS have identified hundreds of height-associated loci. However, determining causal mechanisms is challenging, especially since height-relevant tissues (e.g. growth plates) are difficult to study. To uncover mechanisms by which height GWAS variants function, we performed epigenetic profiling of murine femoral growth plates. The profiled open chromatin regions recapitulate known chondrocyte and skeletal biology, are enriched at height GWAS loci, particularly near differentially expressed growth plate genes, and enriched for binding motifs of transcription factors with roles in chondrocyte biology. At specific loci, our analyses identified compelling mechanisms for GWAS variants. For example, at CHSY1, we identified a candidate causal variant (rs9920291) overlapping an open chromatin region. Reporter assays demonstrated that rs9920291 shows allelic regulatory activity, and CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of human chondrocytes demonstrates that the region regulates CHSY1 expression. Thus, integrating biologically relevant epigenetic information (here, from growth plates) with genetic association results can identify biological mechanisms important for human growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Guo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Zun Liu
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jessie Willen
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Cameron P Shaw
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Daniel Richard
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Evelyn Jagoda
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Andrew C Doxey
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Joel Hirschhorn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
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24
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Abstract
Understanding how and why animals regenerate complex tissues has the potential to transform regenerative medicine. Here we present an overview of genetic approaches that have recently been applied to dissect mechanisms of regeneration. We describe new advances that relate to central objectives of regeneration biologists researching different tissues and species, focusing mainly on vertebrates. These objectives include defining the cellular sources and key cell behaviors in regenerating tissue, elucidating molecular triggers and brakes for regeneration, and defining the earliest events that control the presence of these molecular factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA;
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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25
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Hojo H, Chung UI, Ohba S. Identification of the gene-regulatory landscape in skeletal development and potential links to skeletal regeneration. Regen Ther 2017; 6:100-107. [PMID: 30271844 PMCID: PMC6134913 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A class of gene-regulatory elements called enhancers are the main mediators controlling quantitative, temporal and spatial gene expressions. In the course of evolution, the enhancer landscape of higher organisms such as mammals has become quite complex, exerting biological functions precisely and coordinately. In mammalian skeletal development, the master transcription factors Sox9, Runx2 and Sp7/Osterix function primarily through enhancers on the genome to achieve specification and differentiation of skeletal cells. Recently developed genome-scale analyses have shed light on multiple layers of gene regulations, uncovering not only the primary mode of actions of these transcription factors on skeletal enhancers, but also the relation of the epigenetic landscape to three-dimensional chromatin architecture. Here, we review findings on the emerging framework of gene-regulatory networks involved in skeletal development. We further discuss the power of genome-scale analyses to provide new insights into genetic diseases and regenerative medicine in skeletal tissues. Skeletal development is coordinated by master transcription factors. ChIP-seq analyses for the skeletal regulators identified their modes of actions. Analyses of epigenetic landscape features distinct cell types in skeletal tissues. Integrated analyses of the gene regulatory networks link to skeletal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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26
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Chen H, Capellini TD, Schoor M, Mortlock DP, Reddi AH, Kingsley DM. Heads, Shoulders, Elbows, Knees, and Toes: Modular Gdf5 Enhancers Control Different Joints in the Vertebrate Skeleton. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006454. [PMID: 27902701 PMCID: PMC5130176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial joints are crucial for support and locomotion in vertebrates, and are the frequent site of serious skeletal defects and degenerative diseases in humans. Growth and differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5) is one of the earliest markers of joint formation, is required for normal joint development in both mice and humans, and has been genetically linked to risk of common osteoarthritis in Eurasian populations. Here, we systematically survey the mouse Gdf5 gene for regulatory elements controlling expression in synovial joints. We identify separate regions of the locus that control expression in axial tissues, in proximal versus distal joints in the limbs, and in remarkably specific sub-sets of composite joints like the elbow. Predicted transcription factor binding sites within Gdf5 regulatory enhancers are required for expression in particular joints. The multiple enhancers that control Gdf5 expression in different joints are distributed over a hundred kilobases of DNA, including regions both upstream and downstream of Gdf5 coding exons. Functional rescue tests in mice confirm that the large flanking regions are required to restore normal joint formation and patterning. Orthologs of these enhancers are located throughout the large genomic region previously associated with common osteoarthritis risk in humans. The large array of modular enhancers for Gdf5 provide a new foundation for studying the spatial specificity of joint patterning in vertebrates, as well as new candidates for regulatory regions that may also influence osteoarthritis risk in human populations. Joints, such as the hip and knee, are crucial for support and locomotion in animals, and are the frequent sites of serious human diseases such as arthritis. The Growth and differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5) gene is required for normal joint formation, and has been linked to risk of common arthritis in Eurasians. Here, we surveyed the mouse gene for the regulatory information that controls Gdf5's expression pattern in stripes at sites of joint formation. The gene does not have a single regulatory sequence that drives expression in all joints. Instead, Gdf5 has multiple different control sequences that show striking specificity for joints in the head, vertebral column, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and digits. Rescue experiments show that multiple control sequences are required to restore normal joint formation in Gdf5 mutants. The joint control sequences originally found in mice are also present in humans, where they are marked as active regions during fetal development and post-natal life, and map to a large region associated with arthritis risk in human populations. Regulatory variants in the human GDF5 control sequences can now be studied for their potential role in altering joint development or disease risk at particular locations in the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Beckman Center B300, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Terence D. Capellini
- Department of Developmental Biology, Beckman Center B300, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Doug P. Mortlock
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - A. Hari Reddi
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - David M. Kingsley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Beckman Center B300, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Streit A, Watson BC, Granata JD, Philbin TM, Lin HN, O'Connor JP, Lin S. Effect on Clinical Outcome and Growth Factor Synthesis With Adjunctive Use of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields for Fifth Metatarsal Nonunion Fracture: A Double-Blind Randomized Study. Foot Ankle Int 2016; 37:919-23. [PMID: 27287343 DOI: 10.1177/1071100716652621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic bone growth stimulators have been found to biologically enhance the bone healing environment, with upregulation of numerous growth factors. The purpose of the study was to quantify the effect, in vivo, of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on growth factor expression and healing time in fifth metatarsal nonunions. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of patients, cared for by 2 fellowship-trained orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients between 18 and 75 years old who had been diagnosed with a fifth metatarsal delayed or nonunion, with no progressive signs of healing for a minimum of 3 months. Eight patients met inclusion criteria and were randomized to receive either an active stimulation or placebo PEMF device. Each patient then underwent an open biopsy of the fracture site and was fitted with the appropriate PEMF device. The biopsy was analyzed for messenger-ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels using quantitative competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QT-RT-PCR). Three weeks later, the patient underwent repeat biopsy and open reduction and internal fixation of the nonunion site. The patients were followed at 2- to 4-week intervals with serial radiographs and were graded by the number of cortices of healing. RESULTS All fractures healed, with an average time to complete radiographic union of 14.7 weeks and 8.9 weeks for the inactive and active PEMF groups, respectively. A significant increase in placental growth factor (PIGF) level was found after active PEMF treatment (P = .043). Other factors trended higher following active PEMF including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -7, and BMP-5. CONCLUSION The adjunctive use of PEMF for fifth metatarsal fracture nonunions produced a significant increase in local placental growth factor. PEMF also produced trends toward higher levels of multiple other factors and faster average time to radiographic union compared to unstimulated controls. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, prospective randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Streit
- Orthopedic Surgery, OhioHealth/Ohio University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hsuan-Ni Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - J Patrick O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, NJ, USA
| | - Sheldon Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, NJ, USA
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28
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Kang J, Hu J, Karra R, Dickson AL, Tornini VA, Nachtrab G, Gemberling M, Goldman JA, Black BL, Poss KD. Modulation of tissue repair by regeneration enhancer elements. Nature 2016; 532:201-6. [PMID: 27049946 DOI: 10.1038/nature17644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
How tissue regeneration programs are triggered by injury has received limited research attention. Here we investigate the existence of enhancer regulatory elements that are activated in regenerating tissue. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that leptin b (lepb) is highly induced in regenerating hearts and fins of zebrafish. Epigenetic profiling identified a short DNA sequence element upstream and distal to lepb that acquires open chromatin marks during regeneration and enables injury-dependent expression from minimal promoters. This element could activate expression in injured neonatal mouse tissues and was divisible into tissue-specific modules sufficient for expression in regenerating zebrafish fins or hearts. Simple enhancer-effector transgenes employing lepb-linked sequences upstream of pro- or anti-regenerative factors controlled the efficacy of regeneration in zebrafish. Our findings provide evidence for 'tissue regeneration enhancer elements' (TREEs) that trigger gene expression in injury sites and can be engineered to modulate the regenerative potential of vertebrate organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Jianxin Hu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Ravi Karra
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Amy L Dickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Valerie A Tornini
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Gregory Nachtrab
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Matthew Gemberling
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Joseph A Goldman
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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