1
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Scarcella M, Scerra G, Ciampa M, Caterino M, Costanzo M, Rinaldi L, Feliciello A, Anzilotti S, Fiorentino C, Renna M, Ruoppolo M, Pavone LM, D’Agostino M, De Pasquale V. Metabolic rewiring and autophagy inhibition correct lysosomal storage disease in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB. iScience 2024; 27:108959. [PMID: 38361619 PMCID: PMC10864807 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are lysosomal disorders with neurological involvement for which no cure exists. Here, we show that recombinant NK1 fragment of hepatocyte growth factor rescues substrate accumulation and lysosomal defects in MPS I, IIIA and IIIB patient fibroblasts. We investigated PI3K/Akt pathway, which is of crucial importance for neuronal function and survival, and demonstrate that PI3K inhibition abolishes NK1 therapeutic effects. We identified that autophagy inhibition, by Beclin1 silencing, reduces MPS IIIB phenotype and that NK1 downregulates autophagic-lysosome (ALP) gene expression, suggesting a possible contribution of autophagosome biogenesis in MPS. Indeed, metabolomic analyses revealed defects of mitochondrial activity accompanied by anaerobic metabolism and inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which acts on metabolism and autophagy, rescues lysosomal defects. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of MPS IIIB physiopathology, supporting the development of new promising approaches based on autophagy inhibition and metabolic rewiring to correct lysosomal pathology in MPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Scarcella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scerra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Ciampa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Serenella Anzilotti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via F. de Sanctis, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Renna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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2
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MPSI Manifestations and Treatment Outcome: Skeletal Focus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911168. [PMID: 36232472 PMCID: PMC9569890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) (OMIM #252800) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the IDUA gene encoding for the lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme. The deficiency of this enzyme causes systemic accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Although disease manifestations are typically not apparent at birth, they can present early in life, are progressive, and include a wide spectrum of phenotypic findings. Among these, the storage of GAGs within the lysosomes disrupts cell function and metabolism in the cartilage, thus impairing normal bone development and ossification. Skeletal manifestations of MPSI are often refractory to treatment and severely affect patients’ quality of life. This review discusses the pathological and molecular processes leading to impaired endochondral ossification in MPSI patients and the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. Understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for the skeletal phenotype in MPSI patients is crucial, as it could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting the skeletal abnormalities of MPSI in the early stages of the disease.
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3
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Wiesinger AM, Bigger B, Giugliani R, Scarpa M, Moser T, Lampe C, Kampmann C, Lagler FB. The Inflammation in the Cytopathology of Patients With Mucopolysaccharidoses- Immunomodulatory Drugs as an Approach to Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863667. [PMID: 35645812 PMCID: PMC9136158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAG storage-induced inflammatory processes are a driver of cytopathology in MPS and pharmacological immunomodulation can bring improvements in brain, cartilage and bone pathology in rodent models. This manuscript reviews current knowledge with regard to inflammation in MPS patients and provides hypotheses for the therapeutic use of immunomodulators in MPS. Thus, we aim to set the foundation for a rational repurposing of the discussed molecules to minimize the clinical unmet needs still remaining despite enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Wiesinger
- Institute of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, MetabERN, Udine, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna-Maria Wiesinger,
| | - Brian Bigger
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, MetabERN, Udine, Italy
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Department of Genetics, Medical Genetics Service and Biodiscovery Laboratory, HCPA, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, MetabERN, Udine, Italy
- Regional Coordinating Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Tobias Moser
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Lampe
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, MetabERN, Udine, Italy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center of Rare Diseases, University Hospitals Giessen/Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kampmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian B. Lagler
- Institute of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, MetabERN, Udine, Italy
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4
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Corrêa T, Feltes BC, Giugliani R, Matte U. Disruption of morphogenic and growth pathways in lysosomal storage diseases. WIREs Mech Dis 2021; 13:e1521. [PMID: 34730292 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lysosome achieved a new protagonism that highlights its multiple cellular functions, such as in the catabolism of complex substrates, nutrient sensing, and signaling pathways implicated in cell metabolism and growth. Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) cause lysosomal accumulation of substrates and deficiency in trafficking of macromolecules. The substrate accumulation can impact one or several pathways which contribute to cell damage. Autophagy impairment and immune response are widely studied, but less attention is paid to morphogenic and growth pathways and its impact on the pathophysiology of LSDs. Hedgehog pathway is affected with abnormal expression and changes in distribution of protein levels, and a reduced number and length of primary cilia. Moreover, growth pathways are identified with delay in reactivation of mTOR that deregulate termination of autophagy and reformation of lysosomes. Insulin resistance caused by changes in lipids rafts has been described in different LSDs. While the genetic and biochemical bases of deficient proteins in LSDs are well understood, the secondary molecular mechanisms that disrupt wider biological processes associated with LSDs are only now becoming clearer. Therefore, we explored how specific signaling pathways can be related to specific LSDs, showing that a system medicine approach could be a valuable tool for the better understanding of LSD pathogenesis. This article is categorized under: Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Corrêa
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Feltes
- Department of Theoretical Informatics, Institute of Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kingma SDK, Jonckheere AI. MPS I: Early diagnosis, bone disease and treatment, where are we now? J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:1289-1310. [PMID: 34480380 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by α-L-iduronidase deficiency. Patients present with a broad spectrum of disease severity ranging from the most severe phenotype (Hurler) with devastating neurocognitive decline, bone disease and early death to intermediate (Hurler-Scheie) and more attenuated (Scheie) phenotypes, with a normal life expectancy. The most severely affected patients are preferably treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which halts the neurocognitive decline. Patients with more attenuated phenotypes are treated with enzyme replacement therapy. There are several challenges to be met in the treatment of MPS I patients. First, to optimize outcome, early recognition of the disease and clinical phenotype is needed to guide decisions on therapeutic strategies. Second, there is thus far no effective treatment available for MPS I bone disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind bone disease are largely unknown, limiting the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This article is a state of the art that comprehensively discusses three of the most urgent open issues in MPS I: early diagnosis of MPS I patients, pathophysiology of MPS I bone disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies for MPS I bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D K Kingma
- Centre for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An I Jonckheere
- Centre for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
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De Pasquale V, Scerra G, Scarcella M, D'Agostino M, Pavone LM. Competitive binding of extracellular accumulated heparan sulfate reduces lysosomal storage defects and triggers neuronal differentiation in a model of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119113. [PMID: 34329663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders associated with the deficiency of lysosomal enzymes involved in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degradation. The resulting cellular accumulation of GAGs is responsible for widespread tissue and organ dysfunctions. The MPS III, caused by mutations in the genes responsible for the degradation of heparan sulfate (HS), includes four subtypes (A, B, C, and D) that present significant neurological manifestations such as progressive cognitive decline and behavioral disorders. The established treatments for the MPS III do not cure the disease but only ameliorate non-neurological clinical symptoms. We previously demonstrated that the natural variant of the hepatocyte growth factor NK1 reduces the lysosomal pathology and reactivates impaired growth factor signaling in fibroblasts from MPS IIIB patients. Here, we show that the recombinant NK1 is effective in rescuing the morphological and functional dysfunctions of lysosomes in a neuronal cellular model of the MPS IIIB. More importantly, NK1 treatment is able to stimulate neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma SK-NBE cells stable silenced for the NAGLU gene causative of the MPS IIIB. These results provide the basis for the development of a novel approach to possibly correct the neurological phenotypes of the MPS IIIB as well as of other MPSs characterized by the accumulation of HS and progressive neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80127 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scerra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Melania Scarcella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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7
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Hurdles in treating Hurler disease: potential routes to achieve a "real" cure. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2837-2849. [PMID: 32574368 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are multiorgan devastating diseases for which hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and, to a lesser extent, enzyme replacement therapy have substantially altered the course of the disease. Furthermore, they have resulted in increased overall survival, especially for Hurler disease (MPS-1). However, despite the identification of clinical predictors and harmonized transplantation protocols, disease progression still poses a significant burden to patients, although at a slower pace. To design better therapies, we need to understand why and where current therapies fail. In this review, we discuss important aspects of the underlying disease and the disease progression. We note that the majority of progressive symptoms that occur in "hard-to-treat" tissues are actually tissues that are difficult to reach, such as avascular connective tissue or tissues isolated from the circulation by a specific barrier (eg, blood-brain barrier, blood-retina barrier). Although easily reached tissues are effectively cured by HCT, disease progression is observed in these "hard-to-reach" tissues. We used these insights to critically appraise ongoing experimental endeavors with regard to their potential to overcome the encountered hurdles and improve long-term clinical outcomes in MPS patients treated with HCT.
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8
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Ferreira NY, do Nascimento CC, Pereira VG, de Oliveira F, Medalha CC, da Silva VC, D'Almeida V. Biomechanical and histological characterization of MPS I mice femurs. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151678. [PMID: 33434858 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) deficiency, an enzyme responsible for glycosaminoglycan degradation. Musculoskeletal impairment is an important component of the morbidity related to the disease, as it has a major impact on patients' quality of life. To understand how this disease affects bone structure, morphological, biomechanical and histological analyses of femurs from 3- and 6-month-old wild type (Idua +/+) and MPS I knockout mice (Idua -/-) were performed. Femurs from 3-month-old Idua -/- mice were found to be smaller and less resistant to fracture when compared to their age matched controls. In addition, at this age, the femurs presented important alterations in articular cartilage, trabecular bone architecture, and deposition of type I and III collagen. At 6 months of age, femurs from Idua -/- mice were more resistant to fracture than those from Idua +/+. Our results suggest that the abnormalities observed in bone matrix and articular cartilage in 3-month-old Idua -/- animals caused bone tissue to be less flexible and more likely to fracture, whereas in 6-month-old Idua -/- group the ability to withstand more load before fracturing than wild type animals is possibly due to changes in the bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Yolanda Ferreira
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Castro do Nascimento
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Parenti G, Medina DL, Ballabio A. The rapidly evolving view of lysosomal storage diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12836. [PMID: 33459519 PMCID: PMC7863408 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of metabolic disorders caused by deficiencies of several components of lysosomal function. Most commonly affected are lysosomal hydrolases, which are involved in the breakdown and recycling of a variety of complex molecules and cellular structures. The understanding of lysosomal biology has progressively improved over time. Lysosomes are no longer viewed as organelles exclusively involved in catabolic pathways, but rather as highly dynamic elements of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway, involved in multiple cellular functions, including signaling, and able to adapt to environmental stimuli. This refined vision of lysosomes has substantially impacted on our understanding of the pathophysiology of lysosomal disorders. It is now clear that substrate accumulation triggers complex pathogenetic cascades that are responsible for disease pathology, such as aberrant vesicle trafficking, impairment of autophagy, dysregulation of signaling pathways, abnormalities of calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Novel technologies, in most cases based on high-throughput approaches, have significantly contributed to the characterization of lysosomal biology or lysosomal dysfunction and have the potential to facilitate diagnostic processes, and to enable the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Parenti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,SSM School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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10
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De Pasquale V, Moles A, Pavone LM. Cathepsins in the Pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidoses: New Perspectives for Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040979. [PMID: 32326609 PMCID: PMC7227001 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins (CTSs) are ubiquitously expressed proteases normally found in the endolysosomal compartment where they mediate protein degradation and turnover. However, CTSs are also found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular matrix where they actively participate in cell signaling, protein processing, and trafficking through the plasma and nuclear membranes and between intracellular organelles. Dysregulation in CTS expression and/or activity disrupts cellular homeostasis, thus contributing to many human diseases, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, obesity, cancer, kidney dysfunction, and others. This review aimed to highlight the involvement of CTSs in inherited lysosomal storage disorders, with a primary focus to the emerging evidence on the role of CTSs in the pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). These latter diseases are characterized by severe neurological, skeletal and cardiovascular phenotypes, and no effective cure exists to date. The advance in the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of CTSs in MPSs may open a new challenge for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the cure of such intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Moles
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish Research Council, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463043
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11
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Pathogenesis of Mucopolysaccharidoses, an Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072515. [PMID: 32260444 PMCID: PMC7178160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advancements in the knowledge of lysosomal biology and function have translated into an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). The concept that MPS manifestations are direct consequences of lysosomal engorgement with undegraded glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) has been challenged by new information on the multiple biological roles of GAGs and by a new vision of the lysosome as a signaling hub involved in many critical cellular functions. MPS pathophysiology is now seen as the result of a complex cascade of secondary events that lead to dysfunction of several cellular processes and pathways, such as abnormal composition of membranes and its impact on vesicle fusion and trafficking; secondary storage of substrates; impairment of autophagy; impaired mitochondrial function and oxidative stress; dysregulation of signaling pathways. The characterization of this cascade of secondary cellular events is critical to better understand the pathophysiology of MPS clinical manifestations. In addition, some of these pathways may represent novel therapeutic targets and allow for the development of new therapies for these disorders.
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12
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Interactions between Sclerostin and Glycosaminoglycans. Glycoconj J 2019; 37:119-128. [PMID: 31828567 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin (SOST) is a glycoprotein having many important functions in the regulation of bone formation as a key negative regulator of Wnt signaling in bone. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which allows for a direct quantitative analysis of the label-free molecular interactions in real-time, has been widely used for the biophysical characterization of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-protein interactions. In the present study, we report kinetics, structural analysis and the effects of physiological conditions (e.g., salt concentrations, Ca2+ and Zn2+concentrations) on the interactions between GAGs and recombinant human (rh) and recombinant mouse (rm) SOST using SPR. SPR results revealed that both SOSTs bind heparin with high affinity (rhSOST-heparin, KD~36 nM and rmSOST-heparin, KD~77 nM) and the shortest oligosaccharide of heparin that effectively competes with full size heparin for SOST binding is octadecasaccharide (18mer). This heparin binding protein also interacts with other highly sulfated GAGs including, disulfated-dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate E. In addition, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to characterize the structure of sulfated GAGs that bound to SOST.
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13
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Viskochil D, Clarke LA, Bay L, Keenan H, Muenzer J, Guffon N. Growth patterns for untreated individuals with MPS I: Report from the international MPS I registry. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2425-2432. [PMID: 31639289 PMCID: PMC6899772 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPS I), caused by deficiency of α-L-iduronidase results in progressive, multisystemic disease with a broad phenotypic spectrum including patients with severe (Hurler syndrome) to attenuated (Hurler-Scheie and Scheie syndromes) disease. Disordered growth is common with either phenotype. The study objectives were to construct sex- and age-specific estimated length/height and head circumference growth curves for untreated individuals with severe and attenuated disease and compare them with clinical reference standards. Untreated individuals in the MPS I Registry with at least one observation for length/height and/or head circumference and assigned phenotype as of May 2017 were included. Median growth for 463 untreated individuals with severe disease deviated from reference growth curves by ~6 months of age and fell below the third percentile by 4 years of age. Median head circumference was above reference curves from 3 to 4 months through 3 years of age. Among 207 individuals with untreated attenuated disease, median height fell below the third percentile by 9 years of age with divergence from reference curves by 2 years of age. MPS I-specific growth curves will be useful in evaluation of long-term outcomes of therapeutics interventions and will provide a foundation for understanding the pathogenesis of skeletal disease in MPS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Viskochil
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtah
| | - Lorne A. Clarke
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Luisa Bay
- Hospital Nacional de Pediatría J. P. GarrahanCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
| | | | - Joseph Muenzer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Nathalie Guffon
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du MétabolismeHôpital Femme Mère EnfantLyonFrance
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14
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De Pasquale V, Pavone LM. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: The sweet side of development turns sour in mucopolysaccharidoses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165539. [PMID: 31465828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are complex carbohydrate-modified proteins ubiquitously expressed on cell surfaces, extracellular matrix and basement membrane of mammalian tissues. Beside to serve as structural constituents, they regulate multiple cellular activities. A critical involvement of HSPGs in development has been established, and perturbations of HSPG-dependent pathways are associated with many human diseases. Recent evidence suggest a role of HSPGs in the pathogenesis of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) where the accumulation of undigested HS results in the loss of cellular functions, tissue damage and organ dysfunctions accounting for clinical manifestations which include central nervous system (CNS) involvement, degenerative joint disease and reduced bone growth. Current therapies are not curative but only ameliorate the disease symptoms. Here, we highlight the link between HSPG functions in the development of CNS and musculoskeletal structures and the etiology of some MPS phenotypes, suggesting that HSPGs may represent potential targets for the therapy of such incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n. 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n. 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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15
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Zandi N, Mostafavi E, Shokrgozar MA, Tamjid E, Webster TJ, Annabi N, Simchi A. Biomimetic proteoglycan nanoparticles for growth factor immobilization and delivery. Biomater Sci 2019; 8:1127-1136. [PMID: 31389409 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00668k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of growth factors is often challenging due to their short half-life, low stability, and rapid deactivation. In native tissues, the sulfated residual of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polymer chains of proteoglycans immobilizes growth factors through the proteoglycans'/proteins' complexation with nanoscale organization. These biological assemblies can influence growth factor-cell surface receptor interactions, cell differentiation, cell-cell signaling, and mechanical properties of the tissues. Here, we introduce a facile procedure to prepare novel biomimetic proteoglycan nanocarriers, based on naturally derived polymers, for the immobilization and controlled release of growth factors. We developed polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PCNs) as growth factor nanocarriers, which mimic the dimensions, chemical composition, and growth factor immobilization of proteoglycans in native tissues. PCNs were prepared by a polymer-polymer pair reaction method and characterized for physicochemical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that complexation occurred through electrostatic interactions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that the nanocarriers had a diameter of 60 ± 11 nm and 91 ± 33 nm for dermatan sulfate sodium salt-poly-l-lysine (DS-PLL) and gum tragacanth-poly-l-lysine (GT-PLL) complexes, respectively. The colloidal nanoparticles were stable due to their negative zeta potential, i.e.-25 ± 4 mV for DS-PLL and -18 ± 3.5 mV for GT-PLL. Cytocompatibility of PCNs in contact with human bone marrow stromal cells (HS-5) was confirmed through a live/dead assay and metabolic activity measurement. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was used to evaluate the ability of PCNs to stabilize growth factors. The capability of PCNs to preserve VEGF activity for up to 21 days was confirmed by analyzing the metabolic and mitogenic characteristics of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our results demonstrated the potential applications of these nanoparticles in therapeutic delivery for tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Zandi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran. and Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA
| | | | - Elnaz Tamjid
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Fiorenza MT, Moro E, Erickson RP. The pathogenesis of lysosomal storage disorders: beyond the engorgement of lysosomes to abnormal development and neuroinflammation. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:R119-R129. [PMID: 29718288 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the complex clinical manifestations of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are not fully explained by the engorgement of the endosomal-autophagic-lysosomal system. In this review, we explore current knowledge of common pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the early onset of tissue abnormalities of two LSDs, Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII) and Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) diseases. In particular, perturbations of the homeostasis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and cholesterol (Chol) in MPSII and NPC diseases, respectively, affect key biological processes, including morphogen signaling. Both GAGs and Chol finely regulate the release, reception and tissue distribution of Shh. Hence, not surprisingly, developmental processes depending on correct Shh signaling have been found altered in both diseases. Besides abnormal signaling, exaggerated activation of microglia and impairment of autophagy and mitophagy occur in both diseases, largely before the appearance of typical pathological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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17
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Bellesso S, Salvalaio M, Lualdi S, Tognon E, Costa R, Braghetta P, Giraudo C, Stramare R, Rigon L, Filocamo M, Tomanin R, Moro E. FGF signaling deregulation is associated with early developmental skeletal defects in animal models for mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII). Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2262-2275. [PMID: 29648648 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal abnormalities represent a major clinical burden in patients affected by the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII, OMIM #309900). While extensive research has emphasized the detrimental role of stored glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the bone marrow (BM), a limited understanding of primary cellular mechanisms underlying bone defects in MPSII has hampered the development of bone-targeted therapeutic strategies beyond enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). We here investigated the involvement of key signaling pathways related to the loss of iduronate-2-sulfatase activity in two different MPSII animal models, D. rerio and M. musculus. We found that FGF pathway activity is impaired during early stages of bone development in IDS knockout mice and in a newly generated Ids mutant fish. In both models the FGF signaling deregulation anticipated a slow but progressive defect in bone differentiation, regardless of any extensive GAGs storage. We also show that MPSII patient fibroblasts harboring different mutations spanning the IDS gene exhibit perturbed FGF signaling-related markers expression. Our work opens a new venue to discover possible druggable novel key targets in MPSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bellesso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Marika Salvalaio
- Pediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza", I-35127 Padova, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Susanna Lualdi
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Elisa Tognon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Department of Medicine, Radiology Unit, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Stramare
- Department of Medicine, Radiology Unit, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Rigon
- Pediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza", I-35127 Padova, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Rosella Tomanin
- Pediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza", I-35127 Padova, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
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18
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De Pasquale V, Sarogni P, Pistorio V, Cerulo G, Paladino S, Pavone LM. Targeting Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Mucopolysaccharidoses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:8-16. [PMID: 29942826 PMCID: PMC6011039 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are inherited metabolic diseases caused by the deficiency of lysosomal enzymes needed to catabolize glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Four therapeutic options are currently considered: enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, gene therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, while some of them exhibit limited clinical efficacy and require high costs, others are still in development. Therefore, alternative treatments for MPSs need to be explored. Here we describe an innovative therapeutic approach based on the use of a recombinant protein that is able to bind the excess of extracellular accumulated heparan sulfate (HS). We demonstrate that this protein is able to reduce lysosomal defects in primary fibroblasts from MPS I and MPS IIIB patients. We also show that, by masking the excess of extracellular accumulated HS in MPS fibroblasts, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signal transduction can be positively modulated. We, therefore, suggest the use of a competitive binding molecule for HS in MPSs as an alternative strategy to prevent the detrimental extracellular substrate storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sarogni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Pistorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cerulo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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19
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Knottnerus SJG, Nijmeijer SCM, IJlst L, Te Brinke H, van Vlies N, Wijburg FA. Prediction of phenotypic severity in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:686-696. [PMID: 29023963 PMCID: PMC5725696 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA or Sanfilippo disease type A is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder presenting in early childhood, caused by an inherited deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase sulfamidase. New missense mutations, for which genotype–phenotype correlations are currently unknown, are frequently reported, hampering early prediction of phenotypic severity and efficacy assessment of new disease‐modifying treatments. We aimed to design a method to determine phenotypic severity early in the disease course. Methods Fifty‐three patients were included for whom skin fibroblasts and data on disease course and mutation analysis were available. Patients were phenotypically characterized on clinical data as rapidly progressing or slowly progressing. Sulfamidase activity was measured in fibroblasts cultured at 37 °C and at 30 °C. Results Sulfamidase activity in fibroblasts from patients homozygous or compound heterozygous for a combination of known severe mutations remained below the limit of quantification under both culture conditions. In contrast, sulfamidase activity in fibroblasts from patients homozygous or compound heterozygous for a known mild mutation increased above the limit of quantification when cultured at 30 °C. With division on the basis of the patients' phenotype, fibroblasts from slowly progressing patients could be separated from rapidly progressing patients by increase in sulfamidase activity when cultured at 30 °C (p < 0.001, sensitivity = 96%, specificity = 93%). Interpretation Phenotypic severity strongly correlates with the potential to increase sulfamidase activity in fibroblasts cultured at 30 °C, allowing reliable distinction between patients with rapidly progressing or slowly progressing phenotypes. This method may provide an essential tool for assessment of treatment effects and for health care and life planning decisions. Ann Neurol 2017;82:686–696
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan J G Knottnerus
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx," Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam.,Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie C M Nijmeijer
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx," Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen Te Brinke
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi van Vlies
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frits A Wijburg
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx," Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam.,Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Mansouri R, Jouan Y, Hay E, Blin-Wakkach C, Frain M, Ostertag A, Le Henaff C, Marty C, Geoffroy V, Marie PJ, Cohen-Solal M, Modrowski D. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2902. [PMID: 28661485 PMCID: PMC5520938 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stimulating bone formation is an important challenge for bone anabolism in osteoporotic patients or to repair bone defects. The osteogenic properties of matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been explored; however, the functions of GAGs at the surface of bone-forming cells are less documented. Syndecan-2 is a membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with osteoblastic differentiation. We used a transgenic mouse model with high syndecan-2 expression in osteoblasts to enrich the bone surface with cellular GAGs. Bone mass was increased in these transgenic mice. Syndecan-2 overexpression reduced the expression of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) in bone marrow cells and strongly inhibited bone resorption. Osteoblast activity was not modified in the transgenic mice, but bone formation was decreased in 4-month-old transgenic mice because of reduced osteoblast number. Increased proteoglycan expression at the bone surface resulted in decreased osteoblastic and osteoclastic precursors in bone marrow. Indeed, syndecan-2 overexpression increased apoptosis of mesenchymal precursors within the bone marrow. However, syndecan-2 specifically promoted the vasculature characterized by high expression of CD31 and Endomucin in 6-week-old transgenic mice, but this was reduced in 12-week-old transgenic mice. Finally, syndecan-2 functions as an inhibitor of Wnt-β-catenin–T-cell factor signaling pathway, activating glycogen synthase kinase 3 and then decreasing the Wnt-dependent production of Wnt ligands and R-spondin. In conclusion, our results show that GAG supply may improve osteogenesis, but also interfere with the crosstalk between the bone surface and marrow cells, altering the supporting function of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Mansouri
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Jouan
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Hay
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS, UMR 7370, LP2M, Faculté de médecine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | | | - Agnès Ostertag
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Caroline Marty
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Geoffroy
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre J Marie
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Modrowski
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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21
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Peck SH, Casal ML, Malhotra NR, Ficicioglu C, Smith LJ. Pathogenesis and treatment of spine disease in the mucopolysaccharidoses. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 118:232-43. [PMID: 27296532 PMCID: PMC4970936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a family of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by deficient activity of enzymes that degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Skeletal disease is common in MPS patients, with the severity varying both within and between subtypes. Within the spectrum of skeletal disease, spinal manifestations are particularly prevalent. Developmental and degenerative abnormalities affecting the substructures of the spine can result in compression of the spinal cord and associated neural elements. Resulting neurological complications, including pain and paralysis, significantly reduce patient quality of life and life expectancy. Systemic therapies for MPS, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy, have shown limited efficacy for improving spinal manifestations in patients and animal models. Therefore, there is a pressing need for new therapeutic approaches that specifically target this debilitating aspect of the disease. In this review, we examine how pathological abnormalities affecting the key substructures of the spine - the discs, vertebrae, odontoid process and dura - contribute to the progression of spinal deformity and symptomatic compression of neural elements. Specifically, we review current understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of spine disease in MPS, how the tissues of the spine respond to current clinical and experimental treatments, and discuss future strategies for improving the efficacy of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Peck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Margret L Casal
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Neil R Malhotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Can Ficicioglu
- Division of Human Genetics and Metabolism, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lachlan J Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
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