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Dong Y, Yuan H, Ma G, Cao H. Bone-muscle crosstalk under physiological and pathological conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:310. [PMID: 39066929 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Anatomically connected bones and muscles determine movement of the body. Forces exerted on muscles are then turned to bones to promote osteogenesis. The crosstalk between muscle and bone has been identified as mechanotransduction previously. In addition to the mechanical features, bones and muscles are also secretory organs which interact closely with one another through producing myokines and osteokines. Moreover, besides the mechanical features, other factors, such as nutrition metabolism, physiological rhythm, age, etc., also affect bone-muscle crosstalk. What's more, osteogenesis and myogenesis within motor system occur almost in parallel. Pathologically, defective muscles are always detected in bone associated diseases and induce the osteopenia, inflammation and abnormal bone metabolism, etc., through biomechanical or biochemical coupling. Hence, we summarize the study findings of bone-muscle crosstalk and propose potential strategies to improve the skeletal or muscular symptoms of certain diseases. Altogether, functional improvement of bones or muscles is beneficial to each other within motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Kuroyanagi G, Kamiya N, Yamaguchi R, Kim HK. Interleukin-6 receptor blockade improves bone healing following ischemic osteonecrosis in adolescent mice. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2023; 5:100386. [PMID: 37600923 PMCID: PMC10432805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Juvenile ischemic osteonecrosis (JIO) of the femoral head is one of the most serious hip disorders causing a permanent deformity of the femoral head in childhood. We recently reported that interleukin 6 (IL-6) is significantly increased in the hip synovial fluid of patients with JIO and that articular chondrocytes are primary source of IL-6. Adolescent JIO is particularly challenging to treat and has poor outcome. This study determined if IL-6 receptor blockade prevents bone loss and improves the bone healing in adolescent JIO. Method Adolescent mice (12-week-old) surgically induced with JIO were treated with either saline or MR16-1, an IL-6 receptor blocker. Results Micro-CT assessment showed significantly increased bone volume (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.0) and trabecular bone thickness (p < 0.001, d = 2.3) after the MR16-1 treatment. Histomorphometric assessment showed significantly increased osteoblast number (p < 0.01, d = 2.3), bone formation rate (p < 0.01, d = 4.3), and mineral apposition rate (p < 0.01, d = 4.1) after the MR16-1 treatment. The number of osteoclasts was unchanged. Histologic assessment showed significantly increased revascularization (p < 0.01) and restoration of the necrotic marrow with new hematopoietic bone marrow (p < 0.01). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was increased in the revascularized area and the articular cartilage, and in the cultured chondrocytes treated with IL-6 receptor inhibitor. Conclusion IL-6 blockade in adolescent mice with JIO enhanced bone formation and revascularization. The findings suggest IL-6 receptor blocker as a potential medical therapy for adolescent JIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Kuroyanagi
- Center for Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Center for Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara 6320071, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamaguchi
- Center for Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Harry K.W. Kim
- Center for Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA
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Xu J, Yu L, Liu F, Wan L, Deng Z. The effect of cytokines on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling in osteoporosis: a review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222129. [PMID: 37475866 PMCID: PMC10355373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The complicated connections and cross talk between the skeletal system and the immune system are attracting more attention, which is developing into the field of Osteoimmunology. In this field, cytokines that are among osteoblasts and osteoclasts play a critical role in bone remodeling, which is a pathological process in the pathogenesis and development of osteoporosis. Those cytokines include the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, the interleukin (IL) family, interferon (IFN), chemokines, and so on, most of which influence the bone microenvironment, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. This review summarizes the effect of cytokines on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling in osteoporosis, aiming to providing the latest reference to the role of immunology in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linxin Yu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longbiao Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Deng
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Wuhan, China
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Nada H, Sivaraman A, Lu Q, Min K, Kim S, Goo JI, Choi Y, Lee K. Perspective for Discovery of Small Molecule IL-6 Inhibitors through Study of Structure–Activity Relationships and Molecular Docking. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4417-4433. [PMID: 36971365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis and physiology of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as coronary heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and most recently COVID-19. IL-6 and its signaling pathway are promising targets in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although, anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies are currently being used in clinics, huge unmet medical needs remain because of the high cost, administration-related toxicity, lack of opportunity for oral dosing, and potential immunogenicity of monoclonal antibody therapy. Furthermore, nonresponse or loss of response to monoclonal antibody therapy has been reported, which increases the importance of optimizing drug therapy with small molecule drugs. This work aims to provide a perspective for the discovery of novel small molecule IL-6 inhibitors by the analysis of the structure-activity relationships and computational studies for protein-protein inhibitors targeting the IL-6/IL-6 receptor/gp130 complex.
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Cheng X, Ren T, Xu W, Li J, Wang H, Zhang J. Inflammation produced by senescent osteocytes mediates age-related bone loss. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114006. [PMID: 36814916 PMCID: PMC9940315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The molecular mechanisms of age-related bone loss are unclear and without valid drugs yet. The aims of this study were to explore the molecular changes that occur in bone tissue during age-related bone loss, to further clarify the changes in function, and to predict potential therapeutic drugs. Methods We collected bone tissues from children, middle-aged individuals, and elderly people for protein sequencing and compared the three groups of proteins pairwise, and the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in each group were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). K-means cluster analysis was then used to screen out proteins that continuously increased/decreased with age. Canonical signaling pathways that were activated or inhibited in bone tissue along with increasing age were identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Prediction of potential drugs was performed using the Connectivity Map (CMap). Finally, DEPs from sequencing were verified by Western blot, and the drug treatment effect was verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Results The GO and KEGG analyses show that the DEPs were associated with inflammation and bone formation with aging, and the IPA analysis shows that pathways such as IL-8 signaling and acute-phase response signaling were activated, while glycolysis I and EIF2 signaling were inhibited. A total of nine potential drugs were predicted, with rapamycin ranking the highest. In cellular experiments, rapamycin reduced the senescence phenotype produced by the H2O2-stimulated osteocyte-like cell MLO-Y4. Conclusion With age, inflammatory pathways are activated in bone tissue, and signals that promote bone formation are inhibited. This study contributes to the understanding of the molecular changes that occur in bone tissue during age-related bone loss and provides evidence that rapamycin is a drug of potential clinical value for this disease. The therapeutic effects of the drug are to be further studied in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Health Care Management Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianxing Ren
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basic School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jinxiang Zhang, ; Hui Wang,
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jinxiang Zhang, ; Hui Wang,
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Sharma A, Michels LV, Pitsillides AA, Greeves J, Plotkin LI, Cardo V, Sims NA, Clarkin CE. Sexing Bones: Improving Transparency of Sex Reporting to Address Bias Within Preclinical Studies. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:5-13. [PMID: 36301601 PMCID: PMC10099537 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite knowledge that sexually dimorphic mechanisms regulate bone homeostasis, sex often remains unreported and unconsidered in preclinical experimental design. Failure to report sex could lead to inappropriate generalizations of research findings and less effective translation into clinical practice. Preclinical sex bias (preferential selection of one sex) is present across other fields, including neuroscience and immunology, but remains uninvestigated in skeletal research. For context, we first summarized key literature describing sexually dimorphic bone phenotypes in mice. We then investigated sex reporting practices in skeletal research, specifically how customary it is for murine sex to be included in journal article titles or abstracts and then determined whether any bias in sex reporting exists. Because sex hormones are important regulators of bone health (gonadectomy procedures, ie, ovariectomy [OVX] and orchidectomy [ORX], are common yet typically not reported with sex), we incorporated reporting of OVX and ORX terms, representing female and male mice, respectively, into our investigations around sex bias. Between 1999 and 2020, inclusion of sex in titles or abstracts was low in murine skeletal studies (2.6%-4.06%). Reporting of OVX and ORX terms was low (1.44%-2.64%) and reporting of OVX and ORX with sex uncommon (0.4%-0.3%). When studies were combined to include both sexes and OVX (representing female) and ORX terms (representing male), a bias toward reporting of female mice was evident. However, when the terms OVX and ORX were removed, a bias toward the use of male mice was identified. Thus, studies focusing on sex hormones are biased toward female reporting with all other studies biased in reporting of male mice. We now call upon journal editors to introduce consistent guidance for transparent and accessible reporting of murine sex in skeletal research to better monitor preclinical sex bias, to diversify development of treatments for bone health, and to enable global skeletal health equity. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikta Sharma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lysanne V Michels
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Julie Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, Ministry of Defence, Andover, UK
| | - Lillian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Valentina Cardo
- Winchester School of Art, University of Southampton, Winchester, UK
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Claire E Clarkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Genistein, a tool for geroscience. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gadomski S, Fielding C, García-García A, Korn C, Kapeni C, Ashraf S, Villadiego J, Toro RD, Domingues O, Skepper JN, Michel T, Zimmer J, Sendtner R, Dillon S, Poole KES, Holdsworth G, Sendtner M, Toledo-Aral JJ, De Bari C, McCaskie AW, Robey PG, Méndez-Ferrer S. A cholinergic neuroskeletal interface promotes bone formation during postnatal growth and exercise. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:528-544.e9. [PMID: 35276096 PMCID: PMC9033279 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system is a master regulator of homeostatic processes and stress responses. Sympathetic noradrenergic nerve fibers decrease bone mass, but the role of cholinergic signaling in bone has remained largely unknown. Here, we describe that early postnatally, a subset of sympathetic nerve fibers undergoes an interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced cholinergic switch upon contacting the bone. A neurotrophic dependency mediated through GDNF-family receptor-α2 (GFRα2) and its ligand, neurturin (NRTN), is established between sympathetic cholinergic fibers and bone-embedded osteocytes, which require cholinergic innervation for their survival and connectivity. Bone-lining osteoprogenitors amplify and propagate cholinergic signals in the bone marrow (BM). Moderate exercise augments trabecular bone partly through an IL-6-dependent expansion of sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibers. Consequently, loss of cholinergic skeletal innervation reduces osteocyte survival and function, causing osteopenia and impaired skeletal adaptation to moderate exercise. These results uncover a cholinergic neuro-osteocyte interface that regulates skeletogenesis and skeletal turnover through bone-anabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gadomski
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program in Partnership with Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Claire Fielding
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Andrés García-García
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Claudia Korn
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Chrysa Kapeni
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sadaf Ashraf
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Javier Villadiego
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS (Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Toro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS (Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Olivia Domingues
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jeremy N Skepper
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Tatiana Michel
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Regine Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Scott Dillon
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Kenneth E S Poole
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Juan J Toledo-Aral
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS (Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Andrew W McCaskie
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS (Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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de Souza PPC, Henning P, Lerner UH. Stimulation of Osteoclast Formation by Oncostatin M and the Role of WNT16 as a Negative Feedback Regulator. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063287. [PMID: 35328707 PMCID: PMC8953253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM), which belongs to the IL-6 family of cytokines, is the most potent and effective stimulator of osteoclast formation in this family, as assessed by different in vitro assays. Osteoclastogenesis induced by the IL-6 type of cytokines is mediated by the induction and paracrine stimulation of the osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL), expressed on osteoblast cell membranes and targeting the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANK) on osteoclast progenitor cells. The potent effect of OSM on osteoclastogenesis is due to an unusually robust induction of RANKL in osteoblasts through the OSM receptor (OSMR), mediated by a JAK-STAT/MAPK signaling pathway and by unique recruitment of the adapter protein Shc1 to the OSMR. Gene deletion of Osmr in mice results in decreased numbers of osteoclasts and enhanced trabecular bone caused by increased trabecular thickness, indicating that OSM may play a role in physiological regulation of bone remodeling. However, increased amounts of OSM, either through administration of recombinant protein or of adenoviral vectors expressing Osm, results in enhanced bone mass due to increased bone formation without any clear sign of increased osteoclast numbers, a finding which can be reconciled by cell culture experiments demonstrating that OSM can induce osteoblast differentiation and stimulate mineralization of bone nodules in such cultures. Thus, in vitro studies and gene deletion experiments show that OSM is a stimulator of osteoclast formation, whereas administration of OSM to mice shows that OSM is not a strong stimulator of osteoclastogenesis in vivo when administered to adult animals. These observations could be explained by our recent finding showing that OSM is a potent stimulator of the osteoclastogenesis inhibitor WNT16, acting in a negative feedback loop to reduce OSM-induced osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P. C. de Souza
- The Innovation in Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil;
| | - Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Ulf H. Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(0)70-651-91-03
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Du J, He Z, Cui J, Li H, Xu M, Zhang S, Zhang S, Yan M, Qu X, Yu Z. Osteocyte Apoptosis Contributes to Cold Exposure-induced Bone Loss. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:733582. [PMID: 34858954 PMCID: PMC8632005 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.733582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that bone mass is regulated by systemic energy balance. Temperature variations have profound effects on energy metabolism in animals, which will affect bone remodeling. But the mechanism remains unclear. 2-month-old C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to cold (4°C) and normal (23°C) temperatures for 28 days and the effects of cold exposure on bone mass was investigated. Micro-computed tomography results showed that bone volume fraction was significantly reduced after 14 days of exposure to cold temperature, and it was recovered after 28 days. Ploton silver staining and immunohistochemical results further revealed that exposure to cold decreased canalicular length, number of E11-and MMP13-positive osteocytes after 14 days, but they returned to the baseline levels after 28 days, different from the normal temperature control group. In addition, change of Caspase-3 indicated that exposure to cold temperature augmented apoptosis of osteocytes. In vitro results confirmed the positive effect of brown adipocytes on osteocyte‘s dendrites and E11 expression. In conclusion, our findings indicate that cold exposure can influence bone mass in a time-dependent manner, with bone mass decreasing and recovering at 2 and 4 weeks respectively. The change of bone mass may be caused by the apoptosis osteocytes. Brown adipocyte tissue could influence bone remodeling through affecting osteocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao He
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqi Cui
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengning Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhou Y, Deng Y, Liu Z, Yin M, Hou M, Zhao Z, Zhou X, Yin L. Cytokine-scavenging nanodecoys reconstruct osteoclast/osteoblast balance toward the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl6432. [PMID: 34818042 PMCID: PMC8612675 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts accounts for the incidence and deterioration of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Abnormally elevated RANKL and TNF-α levels after menopause promote osteoclast formation and inhibit osteoblast differentiation, respectively. Here, nanodecoys capable of scavenging RANKL and TNF-α were developed from preosteoclast (RAW 264.7 cell) membrane–coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, which inhibited osteoporosis and maintained bone integrity. The nanodecoys effectively escaped from macrophage capture and enabled prolonged blood circulation after systemic administration. The abundant RANK and TNF-α receptor (TNF-αR) on the cell membranes effectively neutralized RANKL and TNF-α to prevent osteoclastogenesis and promote osteoblastogenesis, respectively, thus reversing the progression of osteoporosis in the ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. These biomimetic nanodecoys provide an effective strategy for reconstructing the osteoclast/osteoblast balance and hold great potentials for the clinical management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yekun Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mengyuan Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mengying Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziyin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Jarlborg M, Gabay C. Systemic effects of IL-6 blockade in rheumatoid arthritis beyond the joints. Cytokine 2021; 149:155742. [PMID: 34688020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is produced locally in response to an inflammatory stimulus, and is able to induce systemic manifestations at distance from the site of inflammation. Its unique signaling mechanism, including classical and trans-signaling pathways, leads to a major expansion in the number of cell types responding to IL-6. This pleiotropic cytokine is a key factor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is involved in many extra-articular manifestations that accompany the disease. Thus, IL-6 blockade is associated with various biological effects beyond the joints. In this review, the systemic effects of IL-6 in RA comorbidities and the consequences of its blockade will be discussed, including anemia of chronic disease, cardiovascular risks, bone and muscle functions, and neuro-psychological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Jarlborg
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva, and Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva, and Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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13
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Influences of the IL-6 cytokine family on bone structure and function. Cytokine 2021; 146:155655. [PMID: 34332274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The IL-6 family of cytokines comprises a large group of cytokines that all act via the formation of a signaling complex that includes the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor. Despite this, many of these cytokines have unique roles that regulate the activity of bone forming osteoblasts, bone resorbing osteoclasts, bone-resident osteocytes, and cartilage cells (chondrocytes). These include specific functions in craniofacial development, longitudinal bone growth, and the maintenance of trabecular and cortical bone structure, and have been implicated in musculoskeletal pathologies such as craniosynostosis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and heterotopic ossifications. This review will work systematically through each member of this family and provide an overview and an update on the expression patterns and functions of each of these cytokines in the skeleton, as well as their negative feedback pathways, particularly suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). The specific cytokines described are interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 11 (IL-11), oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), neuropoietin, humanin and interleukin 27 (IL-27).
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14
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Xie CL, Park KH, Kang SS, Cho KM, Lee DH. Isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves attenuate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats by anti-inflammatory activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1499-1506. [PMID: 32851642 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increasing aging population, postmenopausal osteoporosis has become a global public health problem. Previous evidence has shown that postmenopausal osteoporosis is a skeletal disease mainly caused by estrogen deficiency, generally accompanied by inflammation, and dietary isoflavones may ameliorate postmenopausal osteoporosis by anti-inflammatory activity. We have generated isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESLs), but their anti-inflammatory activity and effect on attenuating osteoporosis are still obscure. Here, we determined the isoflavone profiles of IESLs and evaluated their anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and anti-osteoporotic effects on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. RESULTS IESLs had a high content of total isoflavone. Hydrolysate of IESLs (HIESLs) was rich with the aglycones daidzein and genistein, and HIESLs can significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by reducing messenger RNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL6, and IL1β. Moreover, ovariectomized rats receiving aqueous extracts of IESLs (HIESLs) orally maintained more bone mass than control rats did, which was attributed to inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the messenger RNA expression of the bone-specific genes RANKL/OPG, OC, and cathepsin K, and the inflammation-related genes IL6, NFκB, and COX-2. CONCLUSION IESLs may attenuate postmenopausal osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis with anti-inflammatory activity and be a potential source of functional food ingredients for the prevention of osteoporosis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki H Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang S Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye M Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong H Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Zhang C, Zhu J, Jia J, Guan Z, Sun T, Zhang W, Yuan W, Wang H, Leng H, Song C. Effect of Single Versus Multiple Fractures on Systemic Bone Loss in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:567-578. [PMID: 33181861 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Systemic bone loss after initial fracture contributes to an increased risk of secondary fracture. Clinical research has revealed an association between the risk of future fracture and the number or magnitude of prior fractures. However, the change in systemic bone mass after single versus multiple fractures is unknown. We used ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures as multiple fractures and a femur or tibia fracture as a single fracture to investigate the influence of single versus multiple fractures on systemic bone mass. Seventy-two adult male C57BL/6J mice underwent transverse osteotomies of the ipsilateral femur and/or tibia with subsequent internal fixation. The dynamic change of in vivo whole-body BMD was assessed at 4 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after fracture. The microstructure of the L5 vertebral body and contralateral femur was assessed using micro-CT (μCT) and biomechanical tests (vertebral compression test and three-point bending test) at 2 and 4 weeks. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, sequential fluorescence labeling, and systemic inflammatory cytokines were also quantified. A greater decrease in whole-body BMD was observed after multiple than single fractures. The trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness of the L5 vertebral body were significantly reduced. There were no significant differences in cortical thickness, trabecular bone microstructure, or bone strength in the contralateral femur. At 4 days and 2 weeks, we observed significant increases in the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. We also observed an increase in the osteoclast number of the L5 vertebral body at 4 days. These data indicate that systemic bone loss might increase with the number or severity of prior fractures, and the mechanism may be partly associated with an increased osteoclast number and a more severe inflammatory response. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
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16
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Wang YN, Liu S, Jia T, Feng Y, Zhang W, Xu X, Zhang D. T Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620333. [PMID: 33692794 PMCID: PMC7938726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunology highlights the two-way communication between bone and immune cells. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 (PTPN2), is an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) essential in regulating immune responses and bone metabolism via dephosphorylating target proteins. Tcptp knockout in systemic or specific immune cells can seriously damage the immune function, resulting in bone metabolism disorders. This review provided fresh insights into the potential role of TCPTP in osteoimmunology. Overall, the regulation of osteoimmunology by TCPTP is extremely complicated. TCPTP negatively regulates macrophages activation and inflammatory factors secretion to inhibit bone resorption. TCPTP regulates T lymphocytes differentiation and T lymphocytes-related cytokines signaling to maintain bone homeostasis. TCPTP is also expected to regulate bone metabolism by targeting B lymphocytes under certain time and conditions. This review offers a comprehensive update on the roles of TCPTP in osteoimmunology, which can be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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17
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Li X, Xu J, Yin Y, Liu T, Chang L, He S, Chen S. Notch signaling inhibition protects against root resorption in experimental immature tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:426-434.e5. [PMID: 33568273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to build an experimental immature tooth movement model and verify less resorption of incompletely developed roots than those fully developed during the same orthodontic treatment, followed by investigating the cellular and molecular mechanism. METHODS The development of Wistar rat tooth was investigated using in vivo microcomputed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining to decide the optimal ages of rats for immature tooth and mature tooth groups. The rats in the immature tooth and mature tooth groups were divided into experimental, sham control, and blank control groups. After orthodontic treatment for 3 weeks, the mesial root volume, crown movement distance, neck movement distance, root inclination, and apical distance were measured by microcomputed tomography. The expressions of TRAP, Jagged1, Notch2, IL-6, and RANKL were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The repair of root resorption was also investigated after removing orthodontic force for 3 and 6 weeks. RESULTS The root achieved the development stage around 10 weeks, so 4-week-old rats and 10-week-old rats were used in the immature tooth group and mature tooth group, respectively. The volume of root resorption in the experimental immature tooth group was 0.0869 ± 0.0244 mm3, which was less than that in the mature tooth group (0.1218 ± 0.0123 mm3) (P <0.001). Immature tooth movement decreased TRAP-positive odontoclasts on the compression side while having no statistically significant effect on osteoclasts. The protein expression of Jagged1, Notch2, IL-6, and RANKL in the mature tooth group increased significantly compared with the immature tooth group, not only on the compression side but also on the tension sides. The mRNA expression of Jagged1, Notch2, and RANKL was significantly lower in the immature tooth group, whereas the expression of IL-6 had no significance but a strong tendency. The root volume after repairing for 3 weeks was still less than that of blank control, whereas after repairing for 6 weeks, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The experimental immature tooth movement model for the Wistar rat was achieved for the first time. The immature tooth will suffer less root resorption than the mature tooth, which may be due to odontoclastogenesis inhibition by decreased expression of Jagged1/Notch2/IL-6/RANKL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Le Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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18
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Du J, He Z, Xu M, Qu X, Cui J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Li H, Yu Z. Brown Adipose Tissue Rescues Bone Loss Induced by Cold Exposure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:778019. [PMID: 35126308 PMCID: PMC8811040 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.778019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold temperature activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to induce bone loss by altering bone remodeling. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is influenced by the SNS in cold environments. Many studies have confirmed a positive relationship between BAT volume and bone mass, but the influence and mechanism of BAT on bone in vivo and in vitro is still unknown. Two-month-old C57/BL6j male mice were exposed to cold temperature (4°C) to induce BAT generation. BAT volume, bone remodeling and microstructure were assessed after 1 day, 14 days and 28 days of cold exposure. CTX-1, P1NP and IL-6 levels were detected in the serum by ELISA. To determine the effect of BAT on osteoclasts and osteoblasts in vitro, brown adipocyte conditional medium (BAT CM) was collected and added to the differentiation medium of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Micro-CT results showed that the bone volume fraction (BV/TV, %) significantly decreased after 14 days of exposure to cold temperature but recovered after 28 days. Double labeling and TRAP staining in vivo showed that bone remodeling was altered during cold exposure. BAT volume enlarged after 14 days of cold stimulation, and IL-6 increased. BAT CM promoted BMSC mineralization by increasing osteocalcin (Ocn), RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) expression, while bone absorption was inhibited by BAT CM. In conclusion, restoration of bone volume after cold exposure may be attributed to enlarged BAT. BAT has a beneficial effect on bone mass by facilitating osteogenesis and suppressing osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqi Cui
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Yu, ; Hanjun Li,
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Yu, ; Hanjun Li,
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Orthopedics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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20
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Sims NA. The JAK1/STAT3/SOCS3 axis in bone development, physiology, and pathology. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1185-1197. [PMID: 32788655 PMCID: PMC8080635 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone growth and the maintenance of bone structure are controlled by multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including cytokines expressed locally within the bone microenvironment and those that are elevated, both locally and systemically, under inflammatory conditions. This review focuses on those bone-active cytokines that initiate JAK–STAT signaling, and outlines the discoveries made from studying skeletal defects caused by induced or spontaneous modifications in this pathway. Specifically, this review describes defects in JAK1, STAT3, and SOCS3 signaling in mouse models and in humans, including mutations designed to modify these pathways downstream of the gp130 coreceptor. It is shown that osteoclast formation is generally stimulated indirectly by these pathways through JAK1 and STAT3 actions in inflammatory and other accessory cells, including osteoblasts. In addition, in bone remodeling, osteoblast differentiation is increased secondary to stimulated osteoclast formation through an IL-6-dependent pathway. In growth plate chondrocytes, STAT3 signaling promotes the normal differentiation process that leads to bone lengthening. Within the osteoblast lineage, STAT3 signaling promotes bone formation in normal physiology and in response to mechanical loading through direct signaling in osteocytes. This activity, particularly that of the IL-6/gp130 family of cytokines, must be suppressed by SOCS3 for the normal formation of cortical bone. Maintaining normal bone structure and strength depends on a group of signaling proteins called cytokines that bind to receptor molecules on cell surfaces. Natalie Sims at St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and The University of Melbourne in Australia reviews the role of cytokines in a specific signaling pathway in bone development and disease. Two of the proteins in this pathway respond to cytokine activity, whereas the third inhibits the cytokines’ effects. Studies in mice and humans have identified links between specific bone defects and spontaneous or experimentally induced mutations in the genes that code for the three proteins. The review covers the significance of recent findings to several types of cells that form new bone, degrade bone as part of normal bone turnover, and sustain the structure of bone and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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21
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He B, Yin X, Hao D, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Yang X. Blockade of IL-6 alleviates bone loss induced by modeled microgravity in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:678-683. [PMID: 32787688 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of blockade of IL-6 on bone loss induced by modeled microgravity (MG). Adult male mice were exposed to hind-limb suspension (HLS) and treated with IL-6-neutralizing antibody (IL-6 nAb) for 4 weeks. HLS in mice led to upregulation of IL-6 expression in both sera and femurs. IL-6 nAb treatment in HLS mice significantly alleviated bone loss, evidenced by increased bone mineral density of whole tibia, trabecular thickness and number, bone volume fraction of proximal tibiae, and ultimate load and stiffness of femoral diaphysis. IL-6 nAb treatment in HLS mice significantly enhanced levels of osteocalcin in sera and reduced levels of deoxypyridinoline. In MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to MG in vitro, IL-6 nAb treatment increased mRNA expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase, mRNA expression of osteopontin and runt-related transcription factor 2, and protein levels of osteoprotegerin and decreased protein levels of receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand. In RAW254.7 cells exposed to MG, IL-6 nAb treatment downregulated mRNA expression of cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and reduced numbers of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts. In conclusion, blockade of IL-6 alleviated the bone loss induced by MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xuefang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
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Functional Block of Interleukin-6 Reduces a Bone Pain Marker but Not Bone Loss in Hindlimb-Unloaded Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103521. [PMID: 32429268 PMCID: PMC7278999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is widely accepted to stimulate osteoclasts. Our aim in this study was to examine whether the inhibitory effect of IL-6 on bone loss and skeletal pain associated with osteoporosis in hindlimb-unloaded (HU) mice in comparison with bisphosphonate. Eight-week-old male ddY mice were tail suspended for 2 weeks. Starting immediately after reload, vehicle (HU group), alendronate (HU-ALN group), or anti-IL-6 receptor antibody (HU-IL-6i group) was injected subcutaneously. After a 2-week treatment, pain-related behavior was examined using von Frey filaments. The bilateral distal femoral and proximal tibial metaphyses were analyzed three-dimensionally with micro-computed tomography. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expressions in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating the hindlimbs were examined using immunohistochemistry. HU mice with tail suspension developed bone loss. The HU mice showed mechanical hyperalgesia in the hindlimbs and increased CGRP immunoreactive neurons in the L3-5 DRG. Treatment with IL-6i and ALN prevented HU-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and upregulation of CGRP expressions in DRG neurons. Furthermore, ALN but not IL-6i prevented HU-induced bone loss. In summary, treatment with IL-6i prevented mechanical hyperalgesia in hindlimbs and suppressed CGRP expressions in DRG neurons of osteoporotic models. The novelty of this research suggests that IL-6 is one of the causes of immobility-induced osteoporotic pain regardless improvement of bone loss.
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23
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Abstract
Cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors have traditionally been thought of as regulators of the development and function of immune and blood cells. However, an ever-expanding number of these factors have been discovered to have major effects on bone cells and the development of the skeleton in health and disease (Table 1). In addition, several cytokines have been directly linked to the development of osteoporosis in both animal models and in patients. In order to understand the mechanisms regulating bone cells and how this may be dysregulated in disease states, it is necessary to appreciate the diverse effects that cytokines and inflammation have on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone mass. This chapter provides a broad overview of this topic with extensive references so that, if desired, readers can access specific references to delve into individual topics in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lorenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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24
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Yang M, Zhang K, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Yin X, He G, Li L, Yang X, He B. Treatment with hydrogen sulfide donor attenuates bone loss induced by modeled microgravity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:655-660. [PMID: 30870598 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to explore the therapeutic potential of hydrogen sulfide against bone loss induced by modeled microgravity. Hindlimb suspension (HLS) and rotary wall vessel bioreactor were applied to model microgravity in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Treatment of rats with GYY4137 (a water soluble donor of hydrogen sulfide, 25 mg/kg per day, i.p.) attenuated HLS-induced reduction of bone mineral density in tibiae, and preserved bone structure in tibiae and mechanical strength in femurs. In HLS group, GYY4137 treatment significantly increased levels of osteocalcin in sera. Interestingly, treatment of HLS rats with GYY4137 enhanced osteoblast surface, but had no significant effect on osteoclast surface of proximal tibiae. In MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to modeled microgravity, GYY4137 stimulated transcriptional levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 and enhanced osteoblastic differentiation, as evidenced by increased mRNA expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase. HLS in rats led to enhanced levels of interleukin 6 in sera, skeletal muscle, and tibiae, which could be attenuated by GYY4137 treatment. Our study showed that GYY4137 preserved bone structure in rats exposed to HLS and promoted osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells under modeled microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Xuefang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Gaole He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
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25
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McGregor NE, Murat M, Elango J, Poulton IJ, Walker EC, Crimeen-Irwin B, Ho PWM, Gooi JH, Martin TJ, Sims NA. IL-6 exhibits both cis- and trans-signaling in osteocytes and osteoblasts, but only trans-signaling promotes bone formation and osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7850-7863. [PMID: 30923130 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) supports development of bone-resorbing osteoclasts by acting early in the osteoblast lineage via membrane-bound (cis) or soluble (trans) receptors. Here, we investigated how IL-6 signals and modifies gene expression in differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes and determined whether these activities can promote bone formation or support osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, we used a genetically altered mouse with circulating levels of the pharmacological IL-6 trans-signaling inhibitor sgp130-Fc to determine whether IL-6 trans-signaling is required for normal bone growth and remodeling. We found that IL-6 increases suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein δ (Cebpd) mRNA levels and promotes signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation by both cis- and trans-signaling in cultured osteocytes. In contrast, RANKL (Tnfsf11) mRNA levels were elevated only by trans-signaling. Furthermore, we observed soluble IL-6 receptor release and ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17) sheddase expression by osteocytes. Despite the observation that IL-6 cis-signaling occurs, IL-6 stimulated bone formation in vivo only via trans-signaling. Although IL-6 stimulated RANKL (Tnfsf11) mRNA in osteocytes, these cells did not support osteoclast formation in response to IL-6 alone; binucleated TRAP+ cells formed, and only in response to trans-signaling. Finally, pharmacological, sgp130-Fc-mediated inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling did not impair bone growth or remodeling unless mice had circulating sgp130-Fc levels > 10 μg/ml. At those levels, osteopenia and impaired bone growth occurred, reducing bone strength. We conclude that high sgp130-Fc levels may have detrimental off-target effects on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narelle E McGregor
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Melissa Murat
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.,the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.,the Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Emma C Walker
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Blessing Crimeen-Irwin
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Patricia W M Ho
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jonathan H Gooi
- the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia, and.,the Structural Biology Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.,the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia, and
| | - Natalie A Sims
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia, .,the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia, and
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26
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Weng YS, Tseng HY, Chen YA, Shen PC, Al Haq AT, Chen LM, Tung YC, Hsu HL. MCT-1/miR-34a/IL-6/IL-6R signaling axis promotes EMT progression, cancer stemness and M2 macrophage polarization in triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:42. [PMID: 30885232 PMCID: PMC6421700 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a poor prognostic breast cancer with the highest mutations and limited therapeutic choices. Cytokine networking between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) maintains the self-renewing subpopulation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) that mediate tumor heterogeneity, resistance and recurrence. Immunotherapy of those factors combined with targeted therapy or chemoagents may advantage TNBC treatment. Results We found that the oncogene Multiple Copies in T-cell Malignancy 1 (MCT-1/MCTS1) expression is a new poor-prognosis marker in patients with aggressive breast cancers. Overexpressing MCT-1 perturbed the oncogenic breast epithelial acini morphogenesis and stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and matrix metalloproteinase activation in invasive TNBC cells, which were repressed after MCT-1 gene silencing. As mammary tumor progression was promoted by oncogenic MCT-1 activation, tumor-promoting M2 macrophages were enriched in TME, whereas M2 macrophages were decreased and tumor-suppressive M1 macrophages were increased as the tumor was repressed via MCT-1 knockdown. MCT-1 stimulated interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion that promoted monocytic THP-1 polarization into M2-like macrophages to increase TNBC cell invasiveness. In addition, MCT-1 elevated the soluble IL-6 receptor levels, and thus, IL-6R antibodies antagonized the effect of MCT-1 on promoting M2-like polarization and cancer cell invasion. Notably, MCT-1 increased the features of BCSCs, which were further advanced by IL-6 but prevented by tocilizumab, a humanized IL-6R antibody, thus MCT-1 knockdown and tocilizumab synergistically inhibited TNBC stemness. Tumor suppressor miR-34a was induced upon MCT-1 knockdown that inhibited IL-6R expression and activated M1 polarization. Conclusions The MCT-1 pathway is a novel and promising therapeutic target for TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-0988-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Shan Weng
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yu Tseng
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yen-An Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Shen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Aushia Tanzih Al Haq
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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27
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Abstract
In both sexes, estrogen is one of the most essential hormones for maintaining bone integrity. Also, especially in men, androgen has beneficial effects on bone independent of estrogen. However, estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women increases the risk of developing breast cancer and endometrial cancer, and androgen replacement therapy for partial androgen deficiency of the aging male increases the risk of developing prostate cancer. Various mechanisms have been proposed on the effects of gonadal hormones on bone, such as effects through cytokines including IL-6 and effects on the OPG/RANKL ratio. In addition, large amounts of new information deriving from high-throughput gene expression analysis raise the possibility of multiple other effects on bone cells. Both estrogen and androgen exert their effects via the estrogen receptor (ER) or the androgen receptor (AR), which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Compounds such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) also bind ER and AR, respectively. However, SERMs and SARMs alter the ER or AR structure differently from estrogen or androgen, resulting in other downstream gene responses. As a result they can exert favorable effects on bone while suppressing the undesirable actions of estrogen and androgen. Elucidation of ER and AR ligand-specific and tissue-specific gene regulation mechanisms will also provide information on the signal transduction mechanisms of other nuclear receptors and will be valuable for the development of new therapeutic agents.
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