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Otsuka Y, Minaga K, Kudo M, Watanabe T. Role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 in severe acute pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364839. [PMID: 38440723 PMCID: PMC10910022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen caused by alcohol or high-fat intake and the subsequent autodigestion of the pancreas tissues by trypsin are indispensable events in the development of acute pancreatitis. In addition to this trypsin-centered paradigm, recent studies provide evidence that innate immune responses triggered by translocation of intestinal bacteria to the pancreas due to intestinal barrier dysfunction underlie the immunopathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Although severe acute pancreatitis is often associated with pancreatic colonization by fungi, the molecular mechanisms linking fungus-induced immune responses to the development of severe acute pancreatitis are poorly understood. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multifunctional protein that mediates innate immune responses to fungi and bacteria. Mutations in Lrrk2 is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease and Crohn's disease, both of which are driven by innate immune responses to gut organisms. Discussion In this Minireview article, we discuss how activation of LRRK2 by the recognition of fungi induces severe acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Otsuka S, Kikuchi K, Takeshita Y, Takada S, Tani A, Sakakima H, Maruyama I, Makizako H. Relationship between physical activity and cerebral white matter hyperintensity volumes in older adults with depressive symptoms and mild memory impairment: a cross-sectional study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1337397. [PMID: 38414630 PMCID: PMC10896982 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1337397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are commonly found in the aging brain and have been implicated in the initiation and severity of many central nervous system diseases. Furthermore, an increased WMH volume indicates reduced brain health in older adults. This study investigated the association between WMH volume and physical activity in older adults with depressive symptoms (DS) and mild memory impairment (MMI). Factors associated with the WMH volume were also investigated. Methods A total of 57 individuals aged over 65 years with DS and MMI were included in this study. The participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to quantify WMH volumes. After WMH volume was accumulated, normalized to the total intracranial volume (TIV), the percentage of WMH volume was calculated. In addition, all participants wore a triaxial accelerometer for 2 weeks, and the average daily physical activity and number of steps were measured. The levels of blood biomarkers including cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), brain-derived insulin-like growth factor-1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured. Motor and cognitive functions were also assessed. Results Faster maximum walking speed and longer time spent engaged in moderate physical activity were associated with a smaller percent of WMH volume, whereas higher serum IL-6 levels were associated with a larger percent of WMH volume. The number of steps per day, time spent engaged in low levels of physical activity, cognitive function, and all other measured biomarkers were not significantly associated with percent of WMH volume. Discussion Higher blood inflammatory cytokine levels, shorter duration of moderate physical activity, and lower maximum walking speed were associated with a higher percent of WMH volume. Our results provide useful information for maintaining brain health in older adults at a high risk of developing dementia and may contribute to the development of preventive medicine for brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Otsuka
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takeshita
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiya Takada
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akira Tani
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Dou B, Ren S, Qiu L, Zhang X, Zhang N, Cai J, Chen D, Zhang Q, Yao H, Fan F. Prophylactic use of interleukin 6 monoclonal antibody can reduce CRS response of CAR-T cell therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1265835. [PMID: 38264058 PMCID: PMC10804994 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1265835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy is becoming one of the most promising treatments for hematological malignancies, however, complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) seriously threaten the lives of patients. Interleukin 6(IL-6) monoclonal antibody is the common and useful treatment of CRS, however, it is not clear whether prophylactic use IL-6 monoclonal antibody before CAR-T therapy can reduce the incidence of CRS. Purpose This study aims to systematically evaluate whether the prophylactic use of IL-6 monoclonal antibody can reduce the incidence of CRS. Data sources and methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that reported the prophylactic use of IL-6 monoclonal antibody in the treatment of CRS-related complications of CAR-T cell immunotherapy before December 2022. The literature is screened according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant data are extracted, and the quality of the literature is evaluated using the scale Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and the Review Manager 5.3 is used to draw for related charts. Since the two experimental data only provide the median, the maximum and minimum values of the data, the mean and standard (Standard Deviation, SD) are calculated by this document Delai, and finally use Review Manager for data processing, and STATA software for supplementation. Results A total of 2 trials with a total of 37 participants were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that compared with no use of IL-6 monoclonal antibody to prevent CRS, IL-6 monoclonal antibody was given to patients at 8 mg/kg one hour before CAR-T cell infusion, which reduced the incidence of CRS [RR: 0.41 95% confidence interval (0.20, 0.86) I[2] = 0.0% P = 0.338 z = -2.369 (p = 0.018)]. In subgroup analysis, compared with those who did not use IL-6 monoclonal antibody to prevent CRS, IL-6 monoclonal antibody was given to patients at 8 mg/kg one hour before CAR-T cell infusion, which reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)[MD: -617.21, 95% confidence interval (-1104.41, -130.01) I[2] = 0% P = 0.88 Z = 2.48 (P = 0.01)], prophylactic use of IL-6 monoclonal antibody has a significant effect on reducing peak C-reactive protein (CRP) after CAR-T therapy [MD: -11.58, 95% confidence interval (-15.28, -7.88) I[2] = 0.0% P = 0.73 z = 6.14 (p < 0.00001)]. Conclusion The prophylactic use of IL-6 monoclonal antibody can significantly reduce the incidence of CRS complications after CAR-T therapy, can also reduce LDH vaule and peak CRP vaule after CAR-T therapy. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023487662, identifier CRD42023487662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitao Dou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihui Ren
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xupai Zhang
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Chen
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Yao
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangyi Fan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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El-Diasty MM, Rodríguez J, Pérez L, Eiras S, Fernández AL. Accumulation of Inflammatory Mediators in the Normal Pericardial Fluid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:157. [PMID: 38203327 PMCID: PMC10779335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is paucity of studies that focus on the composition of pericardial fluid under resting conditions. The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of inflammatory mediators in pericardial fluid and their correlation with plasma levels in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. We conducted a prospective cohort study on candidates for elective aortic valve replacement surgery. Pericardial fluid and peripheral venous blood samples were collected after opening the pericardium. Levels of interleukin 1α (IL-1α); interleukin 1β (IL-1β); interleukin 2 (IL-2) interleukin 4 (IL-4); interleukin 6 (IL-6); interleukin 8 (IL8); interleukin 10 (IL10); tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) epidermal growth factor (EGF), soluble E-selectin, L-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were determined in both pericardial fluid and serum samples. A total of 45 patients with a mean age of 74 years were included of which 66% were males. Serum levels of all study mediators were within normal limits. Serum and pericardial levels of IL-1 α, IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 were similar. Levels of VEGF, EGF, VCAM-2, ICAM 1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and L-selectin were significantly lower in pericardial fluid than in serum. However, levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and MCP-1 were significantly higher in the pericardial fluid than in serum. Under normal conditions, the pattern of distribution of different inflammatory mediators in the pericardial fluid does not reflect serum levels. This may either reflect the condition of the underlying myocardium and epicardial fat or the activity of the mesothelial and mononuclear cells present in pericardial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. El-Diasty
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Luis Pérez
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Sonia Eiras
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Angel L. Fernández
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Li W, Lu Q, Qian J, Feng Y, Luo J, Luo C, He W, Dong B, Liu H, Liu Z, Su C. Corrigendum: Assessing the causal relationship between genetically determined inflammatory biomarkers and low back pain risk: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1327338. [PMID: 38035107 PMCID: PMC10682768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174656.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Li
- Tui-Na Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunwen Lu
- Tui-Na Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junhui Qian
- Tui-Na Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Tui-Na and Rehabilitation, Guang’an City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Tui-Na Teaching and Research Department, College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tui-Na Department, Meishan City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Tui-Na Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caigui Luo
- Tui-Na Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenshan He
- Rehabilitation Department, School of Clinic Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Dong
- Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Department, Jiahekang Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Huahui Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Tui-Na and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongxing Liu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Health Care, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengguo Su
- Tui-Na Teaching and Research Department, College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ratajczak W, Laszczyńska M, Rył A, Dołęgowska B, Sipak O, Stachowska E, Słojewski M, Lubkowska A. Tissue immunoexpression of IL-6 and IL-18 in aging men with BPH and MetS and their relationship with lipid parameters and gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10875-10896. [PMID: 37847180 PMCID: PMC10637784 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that inflammation is one of the causes of the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Inflammation may result from past infections, metabolic disorders, but also from the state of functioning of the intestinal microbiota. The aim of the study was to assess whether the diagnostic lipid parameters for metabolic syndrome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are related to the immunoexpression of interleukins in prostate tissue with benign hyperplasia. The study involved 103 men with BPH, who were divided into two groups depending on the presence of MetS. We analysed tissue immunoexpression of two proinflammatory interleukins: IL-6, which is known to be involved in the development of BPH, and IL-18, which has not been analysed so far. The results of our study indicate that men with BPH + MetS in the stroma of the prostate have a significantly higher overall percentage of IL-6+ cells compared to men without MetS (p = 0.034). The analysis of IL-18 immunoexpression in prostate tissue indicated that in men with BPH + MetS, the glandular part of the prostate had a significantly higher percentage of cells with strong IL-18 expression (p = 0.040). We also noticed a relationship between tissue expression of IL-6 and IL-18 and lipid parameters (TG and HDL). We conclude that lipid disorders occurring in men with BPH increase inflammation in the prostate gland. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated for the first time that, indirectly, through SCFAs, the gut microbiota can act to prevent or create an inflammatory microenvironment in the prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Ratajczak
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Nursing, State University of Applied Sciences, Leśna, Koszalin 75-582, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich, Szczecin 70-111, Poland
| | - Olimpia Sipak
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska, Żołnierska, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego, Szczecin 71-460, Poland
| | - Marcin Słojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich, Szczecin 70-111, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
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Li W, Lu Q, Qian J, Feng Y, Luo J, Luo C, He W, Dong B, Liu H, Liu Z, Su C. Assessing the causal relationship between genetically determined inflammatory biomarkers and low back pain risk: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174656. [PMID: 37520547 PMCID: PMC10372790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have suggested an association between inflammatory markers and low back pain (LBP), but the causal relationship between these factors remains uncertain. Methods We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) study to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between inflammatory markers and low back pain. We obtained genetic data for CRP, along with its upstream inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, as well as low back pain from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We applied several MR methods, including inverse variance weighting, weighted median, MR-Egger, Wald Ratio, and MR-PRESSO, to test for causal relationships. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to assess the robustness of the results. Results Our analyses utilizing the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, the MR-Egger method, and the weighted median method indicated that IL-6 may be associated with an increased risk of LBP (Effect Size: -0.009, 95% Confidence Interval: -0.013-0.006, p = 9.16e-08); however, in the reverse direction, there was no significant causal effect of LBP on inflammatory markers. Conclusion Our study used a Mendelian randomization approach and found that elevated IL-6 levels may reduce the risk of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Li
- Tui-Na Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunwen Lu
- Tui-Na Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junhui Qian
- Tui-Na Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Tui-Na and Rehabilitation, Guang'an City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Tui-Na Teaching and Research Department, College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tui-Na Department, Meishan City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Tui-Na Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caigui Luo
- Tui-Na Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenshan He
- Rehabilitation Department, School of Clinic Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Dong
- Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Department, Jiahekang Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Huahui Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Tui-Na and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongxing Liu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Health Care, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengguo Su
- Tui-Na Teaching and Research Department, College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Gervasi MT, Romero R, Cainelli E, Veronese P, Tran MR, Jung E, Suksai M, Bosco M, Gotsch F. Intra-amniotic inflammation in the mid-trimester of pregnancy is a risk factor for neuropsychological disorders in childhood. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:363-378. [PMID: 36173676 PMCID: PMC10010737 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intra-amniotic inflammation is a subclinical condition frequently caused by either microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity or sterile inflammatory stimuli, e.g., alarmins. An accumulating body of evidence supports a role for maternal immune activation in the genesis of fetal neuroinflammation and the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy, schizophrenia, and autism. The objective of this study was to determine whether fetal exposure to mid-trimester intra-amniotic inflammation is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in children eight to 12 years of age. METHODS This is a retrospective case-control study comprising 20 children with evidence of prenatal exposure to intra-amniotic inflammation in the mid-trimester and 20 controls matched for gestational age at amniocentesis and at delivery. Amniotic fluid samples were tested for concentrations of interleukin-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, for bacteria by culture and molecular microbiologic methods as well as by polymerase chain reaction for eight viruses. Neuropsychological testing of children, performed by two experienced psychologists, assessed cognitive and behavioral domains. Neuropsychological dysfunction was defined as the presence of an abnormal score (<2 standard deviations) on at least two cognitive tasks. RESULTS Neuropsychological dysfunction was present in 45% (9/20) of children exposed to intra-amniotic inflammation but in only 10% (2/20) of those in the control group (p=0.03). The relative risk (RR) of neuropsychological dysfunction conferred by amniotic fluid inflammation remained significant after adjusting for gestational age at delivery [aRR=4.5 (1.07-16.7)]. Of the 11 children diagnosed with neuropsychological dysfunction, nine were delivered at term and eight of them had mothers with intra-amniotic inflammation. Children exposed to intra-amniotic inflammation were found to have abnormalities in neuropsychological tasks evaluating complex skills, e.g., auditory attention, executive functions, and social skills, whereas the domains of reasoning, language, and memory were not affected in the cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in the mid-trimester of pregnancy, followed by a term birth, can still confer to the offspring a substantial risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. Early recognition and treatment of maternal immune activation in pregnancy may be a strategy for the prevention of subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Gervasi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elisa Cainelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Veronese
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, AOPD, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Tran
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mariachiara Bosco
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Matsuda T. The Physiological and Pathophysiological Role of IL-6/STAT3-Mediated Signal Transduction and STAT3 Binding Partners in Therapeutic Applications. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:364-378. [PMID: 36858565 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin 6 (IL-6) family of cytokines is defined by the usage of gp130, a common β-receptor signaling subunit, which promotes a variety of signals. They induce many biological functions on many cell types, including immune and inflammatory cells. They also exhibit hormone-like features, which are involved in homeostatic processes. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a significant signaling molecule fundamental in regulating IL-6/gp130 and is highly implicated in pathological conditions; therefore, STAT3 activation is tightly regulated through various mechanisms and at multiple levels. There is a large amount of information about STAT3-interacting proteins, which positively or negatively regulate STAT3 activity. This review is focused on IL-6-mediated signal transduction and the introduction of novel STAT3-binding partners. The review will help develop new strategies for clinically controlling the functions of IL-6/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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10
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Damen MJ, den Broeder AA, Voermans NC, Tieleman AA. Commentary: Autoimmune diseases in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 2. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1041437. [PMID: 36468046 PMCID: PMC9713809 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1041437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manon J. Damen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Nicol C. Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alide A. Tieleman
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Roy-Vallejo E, Cardeñoso L, Triguero-Martínez A, Chicot Llano M, Zurita N, Ávalos E, Barrios A, Hernando J, Ortiz J, Rodríguez-García SC, Ciudad Sañudo M, Marcos C, García Castillo E, Fontán García-Rodrigo L, González B, Méndez R, Iturrate I, Sanz-García A, Villa A, Sánchez-Azofra A, Quicios B, Arribas D, Álvarez Rodríguez J, Patiño P, Trigueros M, Uriarte M, Martín-Ramírez A, Arévalo Román C, Galván-Román JM, García-Vicuña R, Ancochea J, Muñoz-Calleja C, Fernández-Ruiz E, de la Cámara R, Suárez Fernández C, González-Álvaro I, Rodríguez-Serrano DA. SARS-CoV-2 Viremia Precedes an IL6 Response in Severe COVID-19 Patients: Results of a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:855639. [PMID: 35783606 PMCID: PMC9240748 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.855639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 6 (IL6) levels and SARS-CoV-2 viremia have been correlated with COVID-19 severity. The association over time between them has not been assessed in a prospective cohort. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia and time evolution of IL6 levels in a COVID-19 prospective cohort. METHODS Secondary analysis from a prospective cohort including COVID-19 hospitalized patients from Hospital Universitario La Princesa between November 2020 and January 2021. Serial plasma samples were collected from admission until discharge. Viral load was quantified by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and IL6 levels with an enzyme immunoassay. To represent the evolution over time of both variables we used the graphic command twoway of Stata. RESULTS A total of 57 patients were recruited, with median age of 63 years (IQR [53-81]), 61.4% male and 68.4% Caucasian. The peak of viremia appeared shortly after symptom onset in patients with persistent viremia (more than 1 sample with > 1.3 log10 copies/ml) and also in those with at least one IL6 > 30 pg/ml, followed by a progressive increase in IL6 around 10 days later. Persistent viremia in the first week of hospitalization was associated with higher levels of IL6. Both IL6 and SARS-CoV-2 viral load were higher in males, with a quicker increase with age. CONCLUSION In those patients with worse outcomes, an early peak of SARS-CoV-2 viral load precedes an increase in IL6 levels. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 viral load during the first week after symptom onset may be helpful to predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Roy-Vallejo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Emilia Roy-Vallejo,
| | - Laura Cardeñoso
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Nelly Zurita
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ávalos
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Barrios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Hernando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ortiz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Celeste Marcos
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Begoña González
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Méndez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Iturrate
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ancor Sanz-García
- Methodology Unit, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Villa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Azofra
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Quicios
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Arribas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Patiño
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Trigueros
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Uriarte
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Julio Ancochea
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Xie G, Song Y, Li N, Zhang Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Jiao S, Wei M, Yu B, Wang Y, Wang H, Qu A. Myeloid peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α deficiency accelerates liver regeneration via IL-6/STAT3 pathway after 2/3 partial hepatectomy in mice. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2022; 11:199-211. [PMID: 35464270 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-20-688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Liver regeneration is a fundamental process for sustained body homeostasis and liver function recovery after injury. Emerging evidence demonstrates that myeloid cells play a critical role in liver regeneration by secreting cytokines and growth factors. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), the target of clinical lipid-lowering fibrate drugs, regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival. However, the role of myeloid PPARα in partial hepatectomy (PHx)-induced liver regeneration remains unknown. Methods Myeloid-specific PPARa-deficient (Ppara Mye-/-) mice and the littermate controls (Ppara fl/fl) were subjected to sham or 2/3 PHx to induce liver regeneration. Hepatocyte proliferation and mitosis were assessed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki67 as well as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into livers were reflected by IHC staining for galectin-3 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as well as flow cytometry analysis. Macrophage migration ability was evaluated by transwell assay. The mRNA levels for cell cycle or inflammation-related genes were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR). The protein levels of cell proliferation related protein and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were detected by Western blotting. Results Ppara Mye-/- mice showed enhanced hepatocyte proliferation and mitosis at 32 h after PHx compared with Ppara fl/fl mice, which was consistent with increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Pcna) mRNA and cyclinD1 (CYCD1) protein levels in Ppara Mye-/- mice at 32 h after PHx, indicating an accelerated liver regeneration in Ppara Mye-/- mice. IHC staining showed that macrophages and neutrophils were increased in Ppara Mye-/- liver at 32 h after PHx. Livers of Ppara Mye-/- mice also showed an enhanced infiltration of M1 macrophages at 32 h after PHx. In vitro, Ppara-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) exhibited markedly enhanced migratory capacity and upregulated M1 genes Il6 and Tnfa but downregulated M2 gene Arg1 expressions. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of STAT3, a key transcript factor mediating IL6-promoted hepatocyte survival and proliferation, was reinforced in the liver of Ppara Mye-/- mice after PHx. Conclusions This study provides evidence that myeloid PPARα deficiency accelerates PHx-induced liver regeneration via macrophage polarization and consequent IL-6/STAT3 activation, thus providing a potential target for manipulating liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Baoqi Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Minafra AR, Chadt A, Rafii P, Al-Hasani H, Behnke K, Scheller J. Interleukin 6 receptor is not directly involved in regulation of body weight in diet-induced obesity with and without physical exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1028808. [PMID: 36387898 PMCID: PMC9647089 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1028808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
High level of interleukin 6 (IL-6), released by adipocytes in an obesity-induced, low grade inflammation state, is a regulator of insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. IL-6 has also regenerative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetogenic functions, when secreted as myokine by skeletal muscles during physical exercise. IL-6 mainly activates cells via two different receptor constellations: classic and trans-signalling, in which IL-6 initially binds to membrane-bound receptor (IL-6R) or soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) before activating signal transducing gp130 receptor. Previously, we generated transgenic soluble IL-6 receptor +/+ (sIL-6R+/+) mice with a strategy that mimics ADAM10/17 hyperactivation, reflecting a situation in which only IL-6 trans-signalling is active, whereas classic signalling is completely abrogated. In this study, we metabolically phenotyped IL-6R deficient mice (IL-6R-KO), sIL-6R+/+ mice and wild-type littermates fed either a standard chow (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) in combination with a 6-weeks treadmill exercise protocol. All mice were subjected to analyses of body weight and body composition, determination of blood glucose and insulin level under fasting conditions, as well as determination of substrate preference by indirect calorimetry. Neither classic IL-6 nor trans-signalling do influence the outcome of diet-induced obesity, insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. Furthermore, IL-6R deficiency is not impairing the beneficial effect of physical exercise. We conclude that the IL-6R does not play a requisite role in regulation of body weight and glucose metabolism in diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Minafra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V. (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Puyan Rafii
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V. (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Behnke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jürgen Scheller,
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Tylicka M, Guszczyn T, Maksimowicz M, Kamińska J, Matuszczak E, Karpińska M, Koper-Lenkiewicz OM. The Concentration of Selected Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, CXCL5, IL-33) and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (HMGB-1, HSP-70) Released in an Early Response to Distal Forearm Fracture and the Performed Closed Reduction With Kirschner Wire Fixation in Children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749667. [PMID: 34956079 PMCID: PMC8696271 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of trauma after surgery through objective analysis of biochemical markers can help in selecting the most appropriate therapy. Thus the aim of the study was the evaluation of the concentration of selected inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, CXCL5, IL-33), C-reactive protein (CRP), and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs): HMGB-1, HSP-70 in the plasma of children in response to bone fracture and 12-14 hours after subsequent surgery performed by closed reduction with percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation (CRKF). The study will answer the question if the CRFK procedure leads to excessive production of inflammatory and damage markers. Blood samples from 29 children with distal forearm fractures were collected 30 min. before CRKF procedure and 12-14 hours after performance of the procedure. The control group was composed of 17 healthy children. IL-6 and CRP concentrations were analyzed using routinely performed in vitro diagnostics tests; the remaining proteins were analyzed with the use of the ELISA method. Increased values of IL-6, CRP, and HSP-70 represented an early inflammatory response to distal forearm fractures classified as SH-II type according to the Salter-Harris classification system. However, the median CRP concentration was within the reference values not indicative of inflammation. The CRKF procedure may be a good solution for the treatment of bone fractures, as damaged associated molecular patterns - HMGB-1 and HSP-70 - did not significantly differ 12-14 hours after the approach was applied as compared to the control group. Moreover, the increase in IL-6 concentration after the CRKF procedure was 1.5-fold to the level before CRKF, while the increase of this marker in response to the distal forearm fracture was 4.3-fold compared to the control group. Based on this data, it appears reasonable to suggest that the CRKF approach caused less damage and inflammatory response in comparison to the response to the fracture itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Tylicka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Guszczyn
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Maksimowicz
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Matuszczak
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Maria Karpińska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Jugler C, Sun H, Chen Q. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Induced Interleukin 6 Signaling Is Blocked by a Plant-Produced Anti-Interleukin 6 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111365. [PMID: 34835296 PMCID: PMC8623585 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic, has caused more than 4.5 million deaths worldwide. Severe and fatal cases of COVID-19 are often associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine levels including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using plants to produce an anti-IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and examined its utility in reducing IL-6 signaling in an in vitro model, which simulates IL-6 induction during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The anti-IL6R mAb (IL6RmAb) was quickly expressed and correctly assembled in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Plant-produced IL6RmAb (pIL6RmAb) could be enriched to homogeneity by a simple purification scheme. Furthermore, pIL6RmAb was shown to effectively inhibit IL-6 signaling in a cell-based model system. Notably, pIL6RmAb also suppressed IL-6 signaling that was induced by the exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This is the first report of a plant-made anti-IL-6R mAb and its activity against SARS-CoV-2-related cytokine signaling. This study demonstrates the capacity of plants for producing functionally active mAbs that block cytokine signaling and implies their potential efficacy to curb cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Jugler
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (C.J.); (H.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Haiyan Sun
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (C.J.); (H.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (C.J.); (H.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-480-965-8110; Fax: +1-480-727-7615
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Guryleva MV, Chistyakov DV, Lopachev AV, Goriainov SV, Astakhova AA, Timoshina YA, Khutorova AV, Fedorova TN, Sergeeva MG. Modulation of the Primary Astrocyte-Enriched Cultures' Oxylipin Profiles Reduces Neurotoxicity. Metabolites 2021; 11:498. [PMID: 34436439 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, manipulations with reactive astrocytes have been viewed as a new therapeutic approach that will enable the development of treatments for acute brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes can release several substances, which may exert neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects, but the nature of these substances is still largely unknown. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that these effects may be attributed to oxylipins, which are synthesized from n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We used astrocyte-enriched cultures and found that: (1) lipid fractions secreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat primary astrocyte-enriched cultures-possessed neurotoxic activity in rat primary neuronal cultures; (2) both of the tested oxylipin synthesis inhibitors, ML355 and Zileuton, reduce the LPS-stimulated release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) by astrocyte cultures, but only ML355 can change lipid fractions from neurotoxic to non-toxic; and (3) oxylipin profiles, measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) from neurotoxic and non-toxic lipid fractions, reveal a group of n-3 docosahexaenoic acid derivatives, hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HdoHEs)-4-HdoHE, 8-HdoHE, and 17-HdoHE, which may reflect the neuroprotective features of lipid fractions. Regulating the composition of astrocyte oxylipin profiles may be suggested as an approach for regulation of neurotoxicity in inflammatory processes.
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Kulanthaivel S, Kaliberdenko VB, Balasundaram K, Shterenshis MV, Scarpellini E, Abenavoli L. Tocilizumab in SARS-CoV-2 Patients with the Syndrome of Cytokine Storm: A Narrative Review. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021; 16:138-145. [PMID: 32940187 DOI: 10.2174/1574887115666200917110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corona virus is a group of viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, these families of viruses can cause respiratory infections from a mild form to fatal. It is preferably called coronavirus. Formally, it is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and this disease is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is infectious in humans and the world health organization has announced COVID-19 as pandemic disease. Tocilizumab is a biological agent that inhibits the cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6 inhibitor). As SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to the development of cytokine storm syndrome, the drug, tocilizumab, seems to have a positive effect on patients with COVID-19. AIM To analyze and review the possible effects and efficacy of the tocilizumab (monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptors) in SARS-CoV-2 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was carried out for all recent review articles, which were used to study the SARS-CoV-2 disease and their characteristics. Furthermore, we have analyzed the most recent research articles on monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptors (tocilizumab) and their possible clinical effects in COVID-19 and its' clinical trials. RESULTS COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is a life threatening condition, which can give rise to fatal outcomes if left untreated. However, there are no approved treatments for COVID-19 globally. Furthermore, we can conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the worsening of lung conditions, characterized by interstitial pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome as a result of cytokine storm syndrome. According to available research data, tocilizumab, a recombinant humanized anti-human monoclonal antibody of IgG1τ (gamma 1, kappa), can improve patient's condition from cytokine storm syndrome by inhibiting the IL-6 (Interleukin 6) receptors. CONCLUSION The rational use of the tocilizumab in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients can prevent the development of irreversible lung injury and death of the patient. Three retrospective studies of Xiaoling Xu et al., Pan luo et al., and Paola Tonaiti et al. have shown the efficacy of tocilizumab in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, we need more randomized research studies with a significant number of patients which can confirm the promising results on tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, ongoing clinical trails such as TOSCA, COVACTA results have not been published yet which are expected to give better and more significant results on tocilizumab's effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugaraj Kulanthaivel
- Department of Internal Medicine No.2, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalii B Kaliberdenko
- Department of Internal Medicine No.2, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Keerthanaa Balasundaram
- Department of Internal Medicine No.2, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Michael V Shterenshis
- Science Research Department, Alexander Muss Institute for Israel Education (AMIIE), Hod Hasharon, Israel
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit and Internal Medicine Unit, Madonna del Soccorso General Hospital, Via Luciano Manara 7, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto (AP), Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Chistyakov DV, Goriainov SV, Astakhova AA, Sergeeva MG. High Glucose Shifts the Oxylipin Profiles in the Astrocytes towards Pro-Inflammatory States. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050311. [PMID: 34068011 PMCID: PMC8152232 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is associated with several complications in the brain, which are also characterized by inflammatory conditions. Astrocytes are responsible for glucose metabolism in the brain and are also important participants of inflammatory responses. Oxylipins are lipid mediators, derived from the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and are generally considered to be a link between metabolic and inflammatory processes. High glucose exposure causes astrocyte dysregulation, but its effects on the metabolism of oxylipins are relatively unknown and therefore, constituted the focus of our work. We used normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM) vs. high glucose (HG, 25 mM) feeding media in primary rat astrocytes-enriched cultures and measured the extracellular release of oxylipins (UPLC-MS/MS) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The sensitivity of HG and NG growing astrocytes in oxylipin synthesis for various serum concentrations was also tested. Our data reveal shifts towards pro-inflammatory states in HG non-stimulated cells: an increase in the amounts of free PUFAs, including arachidonic (AA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, and cyclooxygenase (COX) mediated metabolites. Astrocytes cultivated in HG showed a tolerance to the LPS, and an imbalance between inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) and oxylipins release. These results suggest a regulation of COX-mediated oxylipin synthesis in astrocytes as a potential new target in treating brain impairment associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +74-95-939-4332
| | - Sergei V. Goriainov
- SREC PFUR Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alina A. Astakhova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Marina G. Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
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Mrasori S, Popovska M, Rusevska B, Shkreta M, Selani A, Bunjaku V. Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on Serum Values of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Patients with Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Acta Inform Med 2021; 29:59-64. [PMID: 34012215 PMCID: PMC8116077 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2021.29.59-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with T2DM, the therapeutic effects of conservative treatment are quite limited, and there is a need for additional therapeutic procedures to achieve the desired satisfactory and solid effect. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has an anti-inflammatory effect, and is used to heal lesions. This mechanism is realized through inhibition of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), so it can be used in the treatment of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the effect of level laser therapy (LLLT) on serum IL-6 values in patients with periodontitis and T2DM. METHODS Patients at age between 35-60 years old, with chronic periodontitis (CH) where the clinical loss of attachment (CAL) was ≥4 mm therefore covering at least 50 % of affected teeth. In this study we included 80 patients, divided into two groups: 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2TDM) treated with conservative periodontal treatment supplemented with laser therapy (LLLT), group A, and 40 patients with 2TDM, conservatively treated without LLLT. therapy i.e. group B. The laser light was applied to the gingiva in separate quadrants in 5 sessions for the next five days in a row. Blood samples were taken from all subjects at the first treatment, then in 6 weeks and 3 months after treatment, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured. The blood samples in the test tubes remained for about 30 minutes and were then distributed in a biochemical laboratory, where they were centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The serum was separated from the test tube and transferred to the eppendorph. All serum samples were stored at -80 ° C until complete analysis and determination of IL-6, according to the standardized methodology. RESULTS In group A, on the first examination serum IL-6 levels varies in the interval 11.54 ± 1.11 pg / mL, after 6 weeks of therapy the values range between 11.26 ± 0.77 pg / mL, and after 3 months of therapy levels oscillate at intervals of 11.02 ± 0.67 pg / mL. In group B the findings are similar. At the first examination, the serum IL-6 values were 11.56 ± 0.81 pg / mL, after 6 weeks of therapy ranged from 11.59 ± 0.71 pg / mL, and after 3 months of therapy levels were recorded at intervals. 11.41 ± 0.78 pg /mL. The serum IL-6 value after 6 weeks of therapy in patients in group B for Z = -2.04 and p <0.05 (p = 0.04) was significantly higher than in patients in group A, while after 3 months of therapy in patients in group B for Z = -2.42 and p <0.05 (p = 0.02) is significantly higher than the value in patients in group A. CONCLUSION LLLT resulted in significantly reduced serum IL-6 values in patients with periodontitis and T2DM after 6 weeks and 3 months of therapy in which conservative treatment was supplemented with LLLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefqet Mrasori
- ALMA MATER EUROPEA Campus College “ Rezonanca “Faculty of Dentistry, Pristina, Republic Kosovo
| | - Mirjana Popovska
- Department of Oral Disease and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry. University “St. Cyril and Method”, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Biljana Rusevska
- Periodontology and Oral Disease Clinic, University Dentistry Clinical Center, Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Mirsad Shkreta
- UBT - Higher Education Institution - Faculty of Dentistry, Pristina, Republic Kosovo
| | - Ardian Selani
- ALMA MATER EUROPEA Campus College “ Rezonanca “Faculty of Dentistry, Pristina, Republic Kosovo
| | - Visar Bunjaku
- Department of Oral Disease and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, UBT - Higher Education Institution, Pristina, Republic Kosovo
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Ma J, Chen X. Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease: Unanswered Questions Behind Existing Successes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:631398. [PMID: 33598482 PMCID: PMC7882495 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.631398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is a serious threat to human health. The results of the Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study published in 2017 put an end to the perennial debate about the anti-inflammatory treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. In addition to interleukin 1β monoclonal antibody, interleukin 6 receptor antagonists and colchicine have also shown exciting results in clinical trials within the last 3 years. However, behind these successes, questions remain that need to be addressed. In this review, we summarize the successes and existing doubts of interleukin 1β antibodies, interleukin 6 receptor antagonists, and colchicine in the anti-inflammatory treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Chistyakov DV, Nikolskaya AI, Goriainov SV, Astakhova AA, Sergeeva MG. Inhibitor of Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis 4-Methylumbelliferone as an Anti-Inflammatory Modulator of LPS-Mediated Astrocyte Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8203. [PMID: 33147798 PMCID: PMC7662953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are glial cells that play an important role in neuroinflammation. Astrocytes respond to many pro-inflammatory stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an agonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Regulatory specificities of inflammatory signaling pathways are still largely unknown due to the ectodermal origin of astrocytes. Recently, we have shown that hyaluronic acid (HA) may form part of astrocyte inflammatory responses. Therefore, we tested 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), a specific inhibitor of HA synthesis, as a possible regulator of LPS-mediated responses. Rat primary astrocytes were treated with LPS with and without 4-MU and gene expression levels of inflammatory (interleukins 1β, (IL-1β), 6, (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFα,) and resolution interleukin 10 (IL-10) markers were evaluated via real-time PCR and western blot. The release of cytokines and HA was determined by ELISA. Oxylipin profiles were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. Our data show that 4-MU (i) has anti-inflammatory effects in the course of TLR4 activation, decreasing the cytokines level TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β and increasing IL-10, (ii) downregulates prostaglandin synthesis but not via cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 pathways, (iii) modulates HA synthesis and decreases LPS-induced HA synthase mRNA expression (HAS-1, HAS-2) but does not have an influence on HAS-3, HYAL1 and HYAL2 mRNAs; (iv) the effects of 4-MU are predominantly revealed via JNK but not p38, ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) or nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathways. For the first time, it is shown that 4-MU possesses the useful potential to regulate an inflammatory astrocyte response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
- SREC PFUR, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Arina I. Nikolskaya
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergei V. Goriainov
- SREC PFUR, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alina A. Astakhova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Marina G. Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (M.G.S.)
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22
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Vergallo C. Infusion of HLA-matched and static magnetic field-exposed allogenic lymphocytes treating lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm syndrome: A treatment proposal for COVID-19 patients. Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 40:11-25. [PMID: 33073612 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1830290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among haematological parameters of patients seriously ill with the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), leucocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and the abnormal release of circulating cytokines, termed cytokine storm syndrome (CSS, also known as cytokine release syndrome or CRS), were found associated with disease severity. In particular, according to the serum cytokine profiling, pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) were observed to be considerably higher in patients experiencing respiratory distress, septic shock and/or multi-organ failure, namely "critical cases" requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, very often resulting in death. Interestingly, the production of these cytokines from human lymphocytes was found to be modulated by exposure of 24 h to a 554.2-553.8 mT inhomogeneous static magnetic field (SMF), which elicits IL-10 and suppresses IL-6. Thus, herein, with the aim of restoring lymphocyte count and physiological serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10, the infusion of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched and SMF-exposed allogenic lymphocytes is proposed for the first time as an easy and affordable treatment option for COVID-19 patients. Even if the count of lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients is very low, SMF exposure may be a valuable tool for reprogramming autologous lymphocytes towards physiological conditions. Furthermore, the same procedure could be extended to include the whole autologous or allogenic white blood cells (WBCs). Time-varying/pulsed magnetic fields exerting comparable cell effects could also be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vergallo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti, Italy
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23
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Radhakrishnan K, Kim YH, Jung YS, Kim J, Kim DK, Cho SJ, Lee IK, Dooley S, Lee CH, Choi HS. Orphan Nuclear Receptor ERRγ Is a Novel Transcriptional Regulator of IL-6 Mediated Hepatic BMP6 Gene Expression in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7148. [PMID: 32998264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) is a multifunctional growth factor involved in organ development and homeostasis. BMP6 controls expression of the liver hormone, hepcidin, and thereby plays a crucial role in regulating iron homeostasis. BMP6 gene transcriptional regulation in liver is largely unknown, but would be of great help to externally modulate iron load in pathologic conditions. Here, we describe a detailed molecular mechanism of hepatic BMP6 gene expression by an orphan nuclear receptor, estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). Recombinant IL-6 treatment increases hepatic ERRγ and BMP6 expression. Overexpression of ERRγ is sufficient to increase BMP6 gene expression in hepatocytes, suggesting that IL-6 is upstream of ERRγ. In line, knock-down of ERRγ in cell lines or a hepatocyte specific knock-out of ERRγ in mice significantly decreases IL-6 mediated BMP6 expression. Promoter studies show that ERRγ directly binds to the ERR response element (ERRE) in the mouse BMP6 gene promoter and positively regulates BMP6 gene transcription in IL-6 treatment conditions, which is further confirmed by ERRE mutated mBMP6-luciferase reporter assays. Finally, an inverse agonist of ERRγ, GSK5182, markedly inhibits IL-6 induced hepatic BMP6 expression in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results reveal a novel molecular mechanism on ERRγ mediated transcriptional regulation of hepatic BMP6 gene expression in response to IL-6.
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24
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Guo H, Zheng J, Huang G, Xiang Y, Lang C, Li B, Huang D, Sun Q, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Huang L, Fang W, Zheng Y, Wan S. Xuebijing injection in the treatment of COVID-19: a retrospective case-control study. Ann Palliat Med 2020; 9:3235-3248. [PMID: 32954754 DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neither a vaccine nor specific therapeutic drugs against 2019 novel coronavirus have been developed. Some studies have shown that Xuebijing injection (XBJ) can exert an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and other cytokines. This study aimed to investigate the effect of XBJ on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its effects on IL-6 and tumor necrosis alpha TNF-α. METHODS A total of 42 patients, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated with XBJ combined with routine treatment at Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital between January 20, 2020, and March 11, 2020, were selected as the observation group. A control group comprising 16 patients who received routine treatment was also established, and cases were matched from the observation group on a 1:1 basis according to age, comorbidities, and mild and severe disease. The clinical symptoms, laboratory test indexes, and changes in computed tomography (CT) scans of patients in the two groups were observed at the time of admission and 7 days after treatment, and the time taken for the patients to produce a negative nucleic acid test was also recorded. RESULTS There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups. After treatment, there were significant improvements in IL-6 levels and body temperature in the observation group as compared with the control group. Particularly in severe patients, the reduction in body temperature in the observation group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). A higher number of patients in the observation group showed improved CT imaging results compared with the control group, and the time taken to produce a negative nucleic acid test was shorter in the observation group than in the control group; however, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in TNF-α and IL-10 between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that routine treatment combined with XBJ can better improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Guo
- Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zheng
- College of Medical Information, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gu Huang
- Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Liver Center, Yu An Branch of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhui Lang
- Research and Foreign Affairs Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Boqun Li
- Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoqiu Huang
- Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyan Sun
- Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaling Luo
- College of Medical Information, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Cardiology of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources in Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu, China.
| | - Suxin Wan
- Pharmaceutical Department of Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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Qian S, An J, Qi F, Ye L, Chen Q, Liu X, Xie L, Li G. Tocilizumab exerts anti-inflammatory activity in six critically ill COVID-19 patients: a retrospective analysis. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:881. [PMID: 32793725 PMCID: PMC7396762 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic, affecting countries across the globe. With no current vaccine, treatment is still a critical intervention for minimizing morbidity and preventing disease-specific mortality. This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients using Tocilizumab treatment to provide recommendations for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with severe disease. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of medical records of six critically ill patients admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China, from January 11 to February 26, 2020. Patient-related outcomes, including demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics before and after the initiation of Tocilizumab, were descriptively analyzed. Four to eight milligrams (mg)/kilogram (kg) of Tocilizumab was prescribed, with Chinese treatment guidelines. RESULTS By the end of the last follow-up, Patient 1 and Patient 2 developed complications and died after using Tocilizumab for three to four days. Patient 4 died of multiple organ failure caused by cerebral infarction after using Tocilizumab for 39 days. Patient 3 and Patient 6 were discharged after 29 days and 33 days on Tocilizumab, respectively. Clinical symptoms, including fever, heart rate, and oxygen levels, improved after Tocilizumab use. Two patients appeared transient abnormal of liver or renal function indicator, and they can gradually recover. All elevated serum levels of inflammatory factors gradually decreased, except in Patient 2. Patient 3 and Patient 6's inflammatory lesions also significantly improved after initiating Tocilizumab. CONCLUSIONS Anti-inflammatory treatment with Tocilizumab was found to improve inflammatory responses in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Although some side reactions will occur, patients can gradually recover without affecting the efficacy of the therapy. However, the proper timing to start patients on Tocilizumab patients should be explored. Further prospective, randomized controlled clinical trials are called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Qian
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of the Third Pulmonary Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen/National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianghong An
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Furong Qi
- Department of the Third Pulmonary Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen/National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ji Nan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xunqi Liu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guobao Li
- Department of the Third Pulmonary Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen/National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Massa D, Baran M, Bengoechea JA, Bowie AG. PYHIN1 regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine induction rather than innate immune DNA sensing in airway epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4438-4450. [PMID: 32102850 PMCID: PMC7135979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cells use pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect specific pathogens. Pathogen detection mounts an appropriate immune response, including interferon and cytokine induction. The intracellular PRR-signaling pathways that detect DNA viruses have been characterized, particularly in myeloid cells. In these pathways, cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and the pyrin and HIN domain family member (PYHIN) protein interferon-γ–inducible protein 16 (IFI16) detect DNA and signal via stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING). However, although airway epithelial cells are frontline sentinels in detecting pathogens, information on how they respond to DNA viruses is limited, and the roles of PYHIN proteins in these cells are unknown. Here, we examined expression and activities of cGAS, STING, and PYHINs in human lung epithelial cells. A549 epithelial cells, commonly used for RNA-sensing studies, failed to respond to DNA because they lacked STING expression, and ectopic STING expression restored a cGAS-dependent DNA response in these cells. In contrast, NuLi-1 immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells did express STING, which was activated after DNA stimulation and mediated DNA-dependent gene induction. PYHIN1, which like IFI16 has been proposed to be a viral DNA sensor, was the only PYHIN protein expressed in both airway epithelial cell types. However, rather than having a role in DNA sensing, PYHIN1 induced proinflammatory cytokines in response to interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) stimulation. Of note, PYHIN1, via its HIN domain, directly induced IL-6 and TNFα transcription, revealing that PYHIN proteins play a role in proinflammatory gene induction in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Massa
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marcin Baran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jose A Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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27
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Li H, Zhang W, Zhao K, Zhao D, Zheng S, Hu Y. A previously identified apoptosis inhibitor iASPP confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by suppressing senescence in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4049-4063. [PMID: 32005663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is terminal cell cycle arrest that represents a prominent response to numerous anticancer therapies. The oncogene inhibitor of the apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) plays essential roles in regulating cellular drug response by inhibiting apoptosis. However, whether or not it regulates chemotherapy-induced senescence (TIS) in cancer cells remains unclear. Here, using two commonly used cancer cell lines, HCT 116 and MCF-7, along with the xenograft mouse model, we found that iASPP inhibits senescence and also influences the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which confers anticancer drug resistance independently of apoptosis. Mechanistically, iASPP is transcriptionally elevated by the p65 subunit of NF-κB in senescent cells and then translocates to the nucleus, where it binds p53 and NF-κBp65. This binding inhibits their transcriptional activities toward p21 and the key SASP factors interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8, respectively, and subsequently prevents senescence. Of note, we observed that iASPP knockdown sensitizes apoptosis-resistant cancers to doxorubicin treatment by promoting senescence both in vitro and in vivo We conclude that iASPP integrates the NF-κBp65- and p53-signaling pathways and thereby regulates cell fate in response to TIS, leading to chemotherapy resistance. These findings suggest that iASPP inhibition might be a strategy that could help restore senescence in cancer cells and improve outcomes of chemotherapy-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Kunming Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Shanliang Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China .,Shenzhen Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Tominaga T, Ma S, Saitou K, Suzuki K. Glucose Ingestion Inhibits Endurance Exercise-Induced IL-6 Producing Macrophage Infiltration in Mice Muscle. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1496. [PMID: 31262006 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during exercise attenuates exercise-induced increases in plasma Interleukin (IL)-6 concentration. However, the effects of CHO supplementation on muscle IL-6 production during endurance exercise is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CHO supplementation on muscle IL-6 production during endurance exercise with a special focus on the IL-6 producing cells. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups—sedentary with water ingestion group as the control (Con; n = 10), exercise with water ingestion group (Ex; n = 10), and exercise with 6% glucose ingestion group (Ex + glucose; n = 10). The Ex and Ex + glucose groups completed 3 h of treadmill running (24 m/min, 7% incline) and were sacrificed immediately after exercise. Results: The exercise-induced increases of plasma IL-6 concentration and gastrocnemius IL-6 gene expression were attenuated by glucose ingestion. However, the increases of soleus IL-6 gene expression and gastrocnemius and soleus IL-6 protein expression were not attenuated by glucose ingestion. Furthermore, we observed that macrophages that infiltrated muscle produce IL-6 and glucose ingestion attenuated the infiltration of IL-6-producing macrophages. Conclusion: This study revealed that infiltrating macrophages may be one type of IL-6-producing cells during endurance exercise, and the infiltration of these cells in muscle was attenuated by glucose ingestion. However, the effects of glucose ingestion on muscle IL-6 production were limited.
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Kotch C, Barrett D, Teachey DT. Tocilizumab for the treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-induced cytokine release syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:813-822. [PMID: 31219357 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1629904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer-directed immunotherapies are transforming the landscape in oncology as new and exciting therapies move from the laboratory to the bedside. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are one of these novel therapies, demonstrating impressive efficacy against B-cell malignancies. With the development of new therapies, it is not uncommon to identify new and unanticipated toxicities. CAR-T cells cause unique toxicities not typically found with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy or small molecule inhibitors. Areas covered: CAR-T cell associated toxicities include cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and CAR-T cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES), alternatively known as immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Prompt identification and management of CRS and CRES are imperative for the prevention of life-threatening complications of these innovative therapies. This literature review describes the seminal trials of CD19-directed immunotherapy and the pathophysiology and management of the toxicities found with CAR-T cells. In addition, the use of the interleukin-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab for CRS is reviewed. Expert opinion: This review describes the recommended management of CRS and CRES and examines the current limitations in management. Alternative therapies for the treatment of CAR-T cell related toxicities are also explored. Furthermore, the review proposes future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Kotch
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - David Barrett
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - David T Teachey
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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30
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McGregor NE, Murat M, Elango J, Poulton IJ, Walker EC, Crimeen-Irwin B, Ho PWM, Gooi JH, Martin TJ, Sims NA. IL-6 exhibits both cis- and trans-signaling in osteocytes and osteoblasts, but only trans-signaling promotes bone formation and osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7850-7863. [PMID: 30923130 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) supports development of bone-resorbing osteoclasts by acting early in the osteoblast lineage via membrane-bound (cis) or soluble (trans) receptors. Here, we investigated how IL-6 signals and modifies gene expression in differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes and determined whether these activities can promote bone formation or support osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, we used a genetically altered mouse with circulating levels of the pharmacological IL-6 trans-signaling inhibitor sgp130-Fc to determine whether IL-6 trans-signaling is required for normal bone growth and remodeling. We found that IL-6 increases suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein δ (Cebpd) mRNA levels and promotes signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation by both cis- and trans-signaling in cultured osteocytes. In contrast, RANKL (Tnfsf11) mRNA levels were elevated only by trans-signaling. Furthermore, we observed soluble IL-6 receptor release and ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17) sheddase expression by osteocytes. Despite the observation that IL-6 cis-signaling occurs, IL-6 stimulated bone formation in vivo only via trans-signaling. Although IL-6 stimulated RANKL (Tnfsf11) mRNA in osteocytes, these cells did not support osteoclast formation in response to IL-6 alone; binucleated TRAP+ cells formed, and only in response to trans-signaling. Finally, pharmacological, sgp130-Fc-mediated inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling did not impair bone growth or remodeling unless mice had circulating sgp130-Fc levels > 10 μg/ml. At those levels, osteopenia and impaired bone growth occurred, reducing bone strength. We conclude that high sgp130-Fc levels may have detrimental off-target effects on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narelle E McGregor
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Melissa Murat
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.,the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.,the Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Emma C Walker
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Blessing Crimeen-Irwin
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Patricia W M Ho
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jonathan H Gooi
- the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia, and.,the Structural Biology Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.,the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia, and
| | - Natalie A Sims
- From the Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia, .,the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia, and
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31
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Zheng Y, Ming P, Zhu C, Si Y, Xu S, Chen A, Wang J, Zhang B. Hepatitis B virus X protein-induced SH2 domain-containing 5 (SH2D5) expression promotes hepatoma cell growth via an SH2D5-transketolase interaction. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4815-4827. [PMID: 30659097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) critically contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms by which HBx promotes HCC remain unclear. In the present study, using a combination of gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry, we found higher levels of SH2 domain-containing 5 (SH2D5) in liver tissue from HBV-associated HCC (HBV-HCC) patients than in adjacent nontumor tissues. Moreover, HBV infection elevated SH2D5 levels, and we observed that HBx plays an important role in SH2D5 induction. We also found that HBx triggers SH2D5 expression through the NF-κB and c-Jun kinase pathways. Employing SH2D5 overexpression or knockdown, we further demonstrate that SH2D5 promotes HCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo While investigating the mechanism of SH2D5-mediated stimulation of HCC cell proliferation, we noted that HBV induces SH2D5 binding to transketolase (TKT), a pentose phosphate pathway enzyme, thereby promoting an interaction between and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Furthermore, HBx stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr-705 and promoted the activity and downstream signaling pathway of STAT3 via the SH2D5-TKT interaction. Taken together, our results suggest that SH2D5 is an HBV-induced protein capable of binding to TKT, leading to induction of HCC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Si
- the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120
| | - Shilei Xu
- the Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530
| | - Aidong Chen
- the Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, and
| | - Jun Wang
- the Center of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, affiliated with Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214005, China
| | - Binghong Zhang
- Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060,
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32
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Tegowski M, Fan C, Baldwin AS. Thioridazine inhibits self-renewal in breast cancer cells via DRD2-dependent STAT3 inhibition, but induces a G 1 arrest independent of DRD2. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15977-15990. [PMID: 30131338 PMCID: PMC6187640 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioridazine is an antipsychotic that has been shown to induce cell death and inhibit self-renewal in a broad spectrum of cancer cells. The mechanisms by which these effects are mediated are currently unknown but are presumed to result from the inhibition of dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2). Here we show that the self-renewal of several, but not all, triple-negative breast cancer cell lines is inhibited by thioridazine. The inhibition of self-renewal by thioridazine in these cells is mediated by DRD2 inhibition. Further, we demonstrate that DRD2 promotes self-renewal in these cells via a STAT3- and IL-6-dependent mechanism. We also show that thioridazine induces a G1 arrest and a loss in cell viability in all tested cell lines. However, the reduction in proliferation and cell viability is independent of DRD2 and STAT3. Our results indicate that although there are cell types in which DRD2 inhibition results in inhibition of STAT3 and self-renewal, the dramatic block in cancer cell proliferation across many cell lines caused by thioridazine treatment is independent of DRD2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tegowski
- From the Curriculum of Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 and
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- From the Curriculum of Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 and
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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33
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Duggimpudi S, Kloetgen A, Maney SK, Münch PC, Hezaveh K, Shaykhalishahi H, Hoyer W, McHardy AC, Lang PA, Borkhardt A, Hoell JI. Transcriptome-wide analysis uncovers the targets of the RNA-binding protein MSI2 and effects of MSI2's RNA-binding activity on IL-6 signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15359-15369. [PMID: 30126842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Musashi 2 (MSI2) has emerged as an important regulator in cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Translocations and deregulation of the MSI2 gene are diagnostic of certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with translocation t(7;17), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with translocation t(10;17), and some cases of B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pB-ALL). To better understand the function of MSI2 in leukemia, the mRNA targets that are bound and regulated by MSI2 and their MSI2-binding motifs need to be identified. To this end, using photoactivatable ribonucleoside cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) and the multiple EM for motif elicitation (MEME) analysis tool, here we identified MSI2's mRNA targets and the consensus RNA-recognition element (RRE) motif recognized by MSI2 (UUAG). Of note, MSI2 knockdown altered the expression of several genes with roles in eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathways. We also show that MSI2 regulates classic interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling by promoting the degradation of the mRNA of IL-6 signal transducer (IL6ST or GP130), which, in turn, affected the phosphorylation statuses of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK. In summary, we have identified multiple MSI2-regulated mRNAs and provided evidence that MSI2 controls IL6ST activity that control oncogenic signaling networks. Our findings may help inform strategies for unraveling the role of MSI2 in leukemia to pave the way for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujitha Duggimpudi
- From the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- From the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany, and
| | - Sathish Kumar Maney
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp C Münch
- Department of Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany, and
| | - Kebria Hezaveh
- From the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hamed Shaykhalishahi
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alice C McHardy
- Department of Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany, and
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- From the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica I Hoell
- From the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany,
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34
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Dempsey A, Keating SE, Carty M, Bowie AG. Poxviral protein E3-altered cytokine production reveals that DExD/H-box helicase 9 controls Toll-like receptor-stimulated immune responses. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14989-15001. [PMID: 30111593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect viruses and other pathogens, inducing production of cytokines that cause inflammation and mobilize cells to control infection. Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes proteins that antagonize these host innate immune responses, and elucidating the mechanisms of action of these viral proteins helped shed light on PRR signaling mechanisms. The VACV virulence factor E3 is one of the most intensely studied VACV proteins and has multiple effects on host cells, many of which cannot be explained by the currently known cellular targets of E3. Here, we report that E3 expression in human monocytes alters TLR2- and TLR8-dependent cytokine induction, and particularly inhibits interleukin (IL)-6. Using MS, we identified DExD/H-box helicase 9 (DHX9) as an E3 target. Although DHX9 has previously been implicated as a PRR for sensing nucleic acid in dendritic cells, we found no role for DHX9 as a nucleic acid-sensing PRR in monocytes. Rather, DHX9 suppression in these cells phenocopied the effects of E3 expression on TLR2- and TLR8-dependent cytokine induction, in that DHX9 was required for all TLR8-dependent cytokines measured, and for TLR2-dependent IL-6. Furthermore, DHX9 also had a cell- and stimulus-independent role in IL-6 promoter induction. DHX9 enhanced NF-κB-dependent IL-6 promoter activation, which was directly antagonized by E3. These results indicate new roles for DHX9 in regulating cytokines in innate immunity and reveal that VACV E3 disrupts innate immune responses by targeting of DHX9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Dempsey
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sinead E Keating
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Carty
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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35
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Lurie DI. An Integrative Approach to Neuroinflammation in Psychiatric disorders and Neuropathic Pain. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518793639. [PMID: 30127639 PMCID: PMC6090491 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518793639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex process involving both the peripheral circulation
and the Central Nervous System (CNS) and is considered to underlie many CNS
disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and pain. Stressors
including early-life adversity, psychosocial stress, and infection appear to
prime microglia toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Subsequent inflammatory
challenges then drive an exaggerated neuroinflammatory response involving the
upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators that is associated with CNS
dysfunction. Several pharmacologic inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cytokines
including TNF-α and IL-1β show good clinical efficacy in terms of ameliorating
neuroinflammatory processes. Mind/body and plant-based interventions such as
yoga, breathing exercises, meditation, and herbs/spices have also been
demonstrated to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and have a positive impact on
depression, anxiety, cognition, and pain. As the intricate connections between
the immune system and the nervous system continue to be elucidated, successful
therapies for reducing neuroinflammation will likely involve an integrated
approach combining drug therapy with nonpharmacologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I Lurie
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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36
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Inoue-Mochita M, Inoue T, Kojima S, Futakuchi A, Fujimoto T, Sato-Ohira S, Tsutsumi U, Tanihara H. Interleukin-6-mediated trans-signaling inhibits transforming growth factor-β signaling in trabecular meshwork cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10975-10984. [PMID: 29752408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the major causes of blindness, and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) has been found to be elevated in the aqueous humor of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). TGF-β2 in aqueous humor causes the glaucoma-related fibrosis of human trabecular meshwork (HTM), suggesting an important role of TGF-β in POAG pathogenesis. Here, we sought to elucidate the effects of IL-6 trans-signaling on TGF-β signaling in HTM cells. Using a multiplex immunoassay, POAG patients decreased IL-6 levels and increased soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels compared with the controls. In in vitro experiments, we observed that the IL-6 level was increased in the conditioned medium of HTM cells after TGF-β2 stimulation. To elucidate the relationship between TGF-β2 and IL-6 in HTM cells, we conducted Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses, and we noted that the combination of IL-6 and sIL-6R (IL6/sIL-6R) suppressed TGF-β-induced up-regulation of α-smooth muscle actin in HTM cells, whereas IL-6 alone did not. This suggests that trans-signaling, not classic signaling, of IL-6 suppresses TGF-β-induced fibrosis of HTM. IL6/sIL-6R also suppressed TGF-β-mediated activation of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), Smad2, and p38. Of note, these inhibitory effects of IL6/sIL-6R on TGF-β were partly reduced by siRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT3. Moreover, IL-6/sIL-6R partly inhibited TGF-β-induced activation of the Smad-sensitive promoter detected with luciferase reporter gene assays and up-regulation of TGFRI and TGFRII, evaluated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Strikingly, overexpression of TGFRI and TGFRII diminished these inhibitory effects of IL-6/sIL-6R. We conclude that of IL-6-mediated trans-signaling potently represses TGF-β signaling in HTM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Inoue-Mochita
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inoue
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Sachi Kojima
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akiko Futakuchi
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fujimoto
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Saori Sato-Ohira
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Utako Tsutsumi
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Tanihara
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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37
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Baran P, Hansen S, Waetzig GH, Akbarzadeh M, Lamertz L, Huber HJ, Ahmadian MR, Moll JM, Scheller J. The balance of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-6·soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and IL-6·sIL-6R·sgp130 complexes allows simultaneous classic and trans-signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6762-6775. [PMID: 29559558 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL-)6 is the major pro-inflammatory cytokine within the IL-6 family. IL-6 signals via glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and the membrane-bound or soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), referred to as classic or trans-signaling, respectively. Whereas inflammation triggers IL-6 expression, eventually rising to nanogram/ml serum levels, soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) and soluble gp130 (sgp130) are constitutively present in the upper nanogram/ml range. Calculations based on intermolecular affinities have suggested that systemic IL-6 is immediately trapped in IL-6·sIL-6R and IL-6·sIL-6R·sgp130 complexes, indicating that sIL-6R and sgp130 constitute a buffer system that increases the serum half-life of IL-6 or restricts systemic IL-6 signaling. However, this scenario has not been experimentally validated. Here, we quantified IL-6·sIL-6R and IL-6·sIL-6R·sgp130 complexes over a wide concentration range. The amounts of IL-6 used in this study reflect concentrations found during active inflammatory events. Our results indicated that most IL-6 is free and not complexed with sIL-6R or sgp130, indicating that the level of endogenous sgp130 in the bloodstream is not sufficient to block IL-6 trans-signaling via sIL-6R. Importantly, addition of the single-domain antibody VHH6, which specifically stabilizes IL-6·sIL-6R complexes but did not bind to IL-6 or sIL-6R alone, drove free IL-6 into IL-6·sIL-6R complexes and boosted trans-signaling but not classic signaling, demonstrating that endogenous sIL-6R has at least the potential to form complexes with IL-6. Our findings indicate that even though high concentrations of sIL-6R and sgp130 are present in human serum, the relative ratio of free IL-6 to IL-6·sIL-6R allows for simultaneous classic and trans-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Baran
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Selina Hansen
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | | | - Mohammad Akbarzadeh
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Larissa Lamertz
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Heinrich J Huber
- the Institute for Automation Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
| | - M Reza Ahmadian
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jens M Moll
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany,
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Zhang L, Turner B, Ribbeck K, Ten Hagen KG. Loss of the mucosal barrier alters the progenitor cell niche via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21231-21242. [PMID: 29127201 PMCID: PMC5766965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucous barrier of our digestive tract is the first line of defense against pathogens and damage. Disruptions in this barrier are associated with diseases such as Crohn's disease, colitis, and colon cancer, but mechanistic insights into these processes and diseases are limited. We have previously shown that loss of a conserved O-glycosyltransferase (PGANT4) in Drosophila results in aberrant secretion of components of the peritrophic/mucous membrane in the larval digestive tract. Here, we show that loss of PGANT4 disrupts the mucosal barrier, resulting in epithelial expression of the IL-6-like cytokine Upd3, leading to activation of JAK/STAT signaling, differentiation of cells that form the progenitor cell niche, and abnormal proliferation of progenitor cells. This niche disruption could be recapitulated by overexpressing upd3 and rescued by deleting upd3, highlighting a crucial role for this cytokine. Moreover, niche integrity and cell proliferation in pgant4-deficient animals could be rescued by overexpression of the conserved cargo receptor Tango1 and partially rescued by supplementation with exogenous mucins or treatment with antibiotics. Our findings help elucidate the paracrine signaling events activated by a compromised mucosal barrier and provide a novel in vivo screening platform for mucin mimetics and other strategies to treat diseases of the oral mucosa and digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- From the Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370 and
| | - Bradley Turner
- the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- From the Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370 and
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Delgado C, Chertow GM, Kaysen GA, Dalrymple LS, Kornak J, Grimes B, Johansen KL. Associations of Body Mass Index and Body Fat With Markers of Inflammation and Nutrition Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 70:817-825. [PMID: 28870376 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the extent to which visceral and subcutaneous body fat are associated with markers of nutrition and inflammation in patients on dialysis therapy could shed light on the obesity paradox and the biology of subcutaneous fat. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 609 adults receiving hemodialysis who participated in the ACTIVE/ADIPOSE Study. PREDICTORS Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy-derived estimates of percent body fat. OUTCOMES C-Reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), prealbumin, albumin, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations. MEASUREMENTS We performed linear regression analyses to examine the extent to which proxies of visceral and subcutaneous fat were associated with inflammation, nutrition, and adiposity-related hormones. RESULTS BMI was directly associated with markers of inflammation (standardized estimate for ln[CRP in mg/L]: 0.30 [95% CI, 0.22-0.38] per 10kg/m2; for ln[IL-6 in pg/mL]: 0.10 [95% CI, 0.02-0.18] per 10kg/m2), but was not associated with markers of nutrition. BMI was also inversely associated with adiponectin and directly associated with leptin. With waist circumference and percent body fat (as a proxy of visceral and subcutaneous fat, respectively) modeled together, waist circumference was associated with markers of inflammation (standardized estimate for ln[CRP in mg/L]: 0.21 [95% CI, 0.09-0.34] per 10cm; for ln[IL-6 in pg/mL]: 0.18 [95% CI, 0.07-0.29] per 10cm), whereas percent body fat was not associated with CRP (standardized estimate for ln[CRP in mg/L]: 0.03 [95% CI, -0.10 to 0.15] per 1%) and was inversely associated with IL-6 (standardized estimate for ln[IL-6 in pg/mL]: -0.15 [95% CI, -0.27 to -0.02] per 1%). In addition, waist circumference was inversely associated with prealbumin and albumin (standardized estimates of -0.12 [95% CI, -0.23 to -0.02] mg/dL per 10cm and -0.17 [95% CI, -0.28 to -0.06] g/dL per 10cm, respectively), and percent body fat was directly associated with prealbumin and albumin (0.20 [95% CI, 0.07-0.32] mg/dL and 0.15 [95% CI, 0.02-0.28] g/dL per 1%, respectively). Higher waist circumference was associated indirectly with adiponectin and directly with leptin concentrations. LIMITATIONS Although the observed associations implicate visceral fat as the cause of inflammation, it cannot be determined in this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Proxies of visceral and subcutaneous fat appear to have opposing associations with biomarkers of inflammation and nutrition. Subcutaneous fat may be an indicator of nutritional status, and visceral fat, an indicator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Delgado
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Nephrology Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Glenn M Chertow
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; US Renal Data System Nutrition Special Studies Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - George A Kaysen
- US Renal Data System Nutrition Special Studies Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Davis, CA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | | | - John Kornak
- US Renal Data System Nutrition Special Studies Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Barbara Grimes
- US Renal Data System Nutrition Special Studies Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kirsten L Johansen
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Nephrology Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; US Renal Data System Nutrition Special Studies Center, Ann Arbor, MI
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Reddy VB, Lerner EA. Activation of mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors by the house dust mite cysteine protease Der p1 provides a new mechanism linking allergy and inflammation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17399-17406. [PMID: 28768771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine and serine proteases function via protease-activated and mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) to contribute to allergy and inflammation. Der p1 is a cysteine protease and major allergen from the house dust mite and is associated with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Der p1 activates protease-activated receptor 2 and induces the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 from cells. However, the possibility that Der p1 acts on Mrgprs has not been considered. We report here that ratiometric calcium imaging reveals that Der p1 activates the human receptor MRGPRX1 and the mouse homolog MrgprC11, implicated previously in itch. Der p1 cleavage of N-terminal receptor peptides followed by site-directed mutagenesis of the cleavage sites links receptor activation to specific amino acid residues. Der p1 also induced the release of IL-6 from heterologous cells expressing MRGPRX1. In summary, activation of Mrgprs by the allergen Der p1 may contribute to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemuri B Reddy
- From the Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Ethan A Lerner
- From the Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
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41
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Darwin E, Murni AW, Nurdin AE. The Effect of Psychological Stress on Mucosal IL-6 and Helicobacter pylori Activity in Functional Dyspepsia. Acta Med Indones 2017; 49:99-104. [PMID: 28790223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia remains poorly understood. Many factors such as gastric motility disorder, visceral hypersensitivity, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, psychological stress and excessive gastric acid secretion play roles in this symptom. Psychological stress may promote peptic ulcer and has an effect on ulcers-associated Hp. This study aimed to determine Helicobacter pylori activity and expression of mucosal IL-6 and their association with psychological stress. METHODS a cross-sectional study was done among 40 outpatients with dyspeptic syndromes in M. Djamil General Hospital and two-community health centers in Padang. The subjects were divided into two groups, with and without psychological stress, which were identified using DASS 42. Gastric biopsy specimens and peripheral blood samples were taken while performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Immunohistochemistry methods was used to determine the expression of IL-6 and Hp in gastric mucosa. The correlation of each variable in the group experiencing psychological stress and non-stress was analyzed using Chi-square test. RESULTS there were 40 patients with functional dyspepsia with average age of 37.58(SD 11.82) years old. The cortisol levels were significantly different between both groups (non-stress vs. stress groups); moreover, morning cortisol level in psychological stress group was higher beyond normal limit. Inter-Leukin-6 expression, as the evidence of inflammatory activity, seemed higher in non-stress group than the group with psychological stress (8.25% vs. 7.25%). Helicobacter pylori activity was seemed to be increased in the stress group as characterized by higher numbers of invasion to the sub mucosa epithelium compared to the non-stress group (11 vs. 7 subjects). CONCLUSION psychological stress seems to have no correlation with IL-6 in gastric mucous of patients with functional dyspepsia; however, there is an evidence of increasing activity of Helicobacter pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryati Darwin
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University-M. Djamil Hospital, Padang, Indonesia.
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42
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Chehboun S, Labrecque-Carbonneau J, Pasquin S, Meliani Y, Meddah B, Ferlin W, Sharma M, Tormo A, Masson JF, Gauchat JF. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) can mediate IL-6 trans-signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6644-6656. [PMID: 28280243 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is a subunit of the composite cytokines IL-27 and IL-35. Both have beneficial functions or effects in models of infectious and autoimmune diseases. This suggests that administration of EBI3 could be therapeutically useful by binding free p28 and p35 to generate IL-27 and IL-35. IL-27- and IL-35-independent functions of EBI3 could compromise its therapeutic uses. We therefore assessed the effects of EBI3 on cytokine receptor-expressing cells. We observed that EBI3 activates STAT3 and induces the proliferation of the IL-6-dependent B9 mouse plasmacytoma cell line. Analyses using blocking mAbs and Ba/F3 transfectants expressing gp130 indicate that EBI3 activity was linked to its capacity to mediate IL-6 trans-signaling, albeit less efficiently than soluble IL-6Rα. In line with this interpretation, co-immunoprecipitation and SPR experiments indicated that EBI3 binds IL-6. An important pro-inflammatory function of IL-6 trans-signaling is to activate blood vessel endothelial cells. We observed that EBI3 in combination with IL-6 could induce the expression of chemokines by human venal endothelial cells. Our results indicate that EBI3 can promote pro-inflammatory IL-6 functions by mediating trans-signaling. These unexpected observations suggest that use of EBI3 as a therapeutic biologic for autoimmune diseases will likely require co-administration of soluble gp130 to prevent the side effects associated with IL-6 trans-signaling. Together with previous studies that demonstrated activation of IL-6R by p28 (IL-30), new findings further suggest a complex interrelation between IL-27 and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bouchra Meddah
- the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Mukut Sharma
- the Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Midwest Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, Missouri 64128-2226
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43
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Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi N. Down-regulation of Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) leads to cancer stem cell-like properties in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells through induction of interleukin-6. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8136-8148. [PMID: 28270510 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator tamoxifen inhibits ER signaling in breast cancer cells, and it is used for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer. However, this type of cancer often acquires resistance to tamoxifen, and a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tamoxifen resistance is required. In this study, we established tamoxifen-resistant (TAM-R) breast cancer cells by long-term tamoxifen treatment of ER-positive breast cancer MCF7 cells. In TAM-R cells, expression of not only ERα, a major form of ER in breast cancer, but also its transcriptional partner forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) was found to be reduced. In contrast, activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and expression of its target IL6 were increased in these cells. Stable expression of FOXA1, but not ERα, reduced the expression of IL6 in the FOXA1- and ERα-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and TAM-R cells, without affecting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathways. Conversely, FOXA1 knockdown induced IL6 expression in MCF7 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that FOXA1 bound to the promoter region of IL6 and repressed recruitment of the NF-κB complex to this region. TAM-R cells were found to have high mammosphere-forming activity, characteristics of cancer stem cells, and this activity was suppressed by NF-κB and IL6 signaling inhibitors. Taken together, these results suggest that FOXA1 suppresses expression of IL6 through inhibition of NF-κB recruitment to the IL6 promoter in an ERα-independent manner and that reduction in FOXA1 expression induces IL6 expression and contributes to cancer stem cell-like properties in TAM-R cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675.
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675
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44
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Furukawa M, Ohkawara H, Ogawa K, Ikeda K, Ueda K, Shichishima-Nakamura A, Ito E, Imai JI, Yanagisawa Y, Honma R, Watanabe S, Waguri S, Ikezoe T, Takeishi Y. Autocrine and Paracrine Interactions between Multiple Myeloma Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells by Growth Arrest-specific Gene 6 Cross-talk with Interleukin-6. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4280-4292. [PMID: 28154173 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.733030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) has not yet been fully elucidated. Our microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed significant up-regulation of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6), a vitamin K-dependent protein with a structural homology with protein S, in bone marrow (BM) cells of MM patients. ELISA showed that the serum levels of soluble Gas6 were significantly increased in the MM patients when compared with healthy controls. Gas6 was overexpressed in the human CD138-positive MM cell line RPMI-8226. Exogenous Gas6 suppressed apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and enhanced cell proliferation of the MM cells. The conditional medium from the human BM stromal cell line HS-5 induced cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis of the MM cells with extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, and nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation, which were reversed by the neutralizing antibody to Gas6 or IL-6. The TAM family receptor Mer, which has been identified as a Gas6 receptor, was overexpressed in BM cells of MM patients. The knockdown of Mer by siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and up-regulation of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in MM cells stimulated by an HS-5 cell-conditioned medium. Furthermore, the Gas6-neutralizing antibody reduced the up-regulation of IL-6 and ICAM-1 induced by a HS-5 cell-conditioned medium in MM cells. The present study provides new evidence that autocrine and paracrine stimulation of Gas6 in concert with IL-6 contributes to the pathogenesis of MM, suggesting that Gas6-Mer-related signaling pathways may be a promising novel target for treating MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazuhiko Ikeda
- From the Departments of Hematology.,Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, and
| | | | | | - Emi Ito
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295 and
| | - Jun-Ichi Imai
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295 and
| | - Yuka Yanagisawa
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295 and
| | | | - Shinya Watanabe
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295 and
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295 and
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45
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Wolf J, Waetzig GH, Chalaris A, Reinheimer TM, Wege H, Rose-John S, Garbers C. Different Soluble Forms of the Interleukin-6 Family Signal Transducer gp130 Fine-tune the Blockade of Interleukin-6 Trans-signaling. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16186-96. [PMID: 27226573 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble forms of the IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) bind to the cytokine IL-6 with similar affinity as the membrane-bound IL-6R. IL-6·sIL-6R complexes initiate IL-6 trans-signaling via activation of the ubiquitously expressed membrane-bound β-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling has been shown to be favorable in numerous inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, different soluble forms of gp130 (sgp130) exist that, together with the sIL-6R, are thought to form a buffer for IL-6 in the blood. However, a functional role for the different sgp130 forms has not been described to date. Here we demonstrate that the metalloproteases ADAM10 and ADAM17 can produce sgp130 by ectodomain shedding of gp130, even though this mechanism only accounts for a minor proportion of sgp130 in the circulation. We further show that full-length sgp130 and the shorter forms sgp130-rheumatoid arthritis-associated peptide (RAPS) and sgp130-E10 are differentially expressed in a cell type- specific manner. Remarkably, full-length sgp130 is expressed by monocytes, but this expression is completely lost during differentiation into macrophages in vitro Using genetically engineered murine pre-B cells that secrete different forms of sgp130, we found that these secreted sgp130 proteins are able to prevent trans-signaling-driven cell proliferation of the secreting cells, whereas conditioned supernatant from these cells failed to block IL-6 trans-signaling in other cells. Thus, our data suggest that the different sgp130 forms are released from cells into their immediate surroundings and appear to form cell-associated gradients to modulate their own susceptibility for IL-6 trans-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Wolf
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Athena Chalaris
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Torsten M Reinheimer
- Non-Clinical Development, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark, and
| | - Henning Wege
- the Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany,
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Blanchetot C, De Jonge N, Desmyter A, Ongenae N, Hofman E, Klarenbeek A, Sadi A, Hultberg A, Kretz-Rommel A, Spinelli S, Loris R, Cambillau C, de Haard H. Structural Mimicry of Receptor Interaction by Antagonistic Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Antibodies. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13846-54. [PMID: 27129274 PMCID: PMC4919466 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.695528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 plays a key role in mediating inflammatory reactions in autoimmune diseases and cancer, where it is also involved in metastasis and tissue invasion. Neutralizing antibodies against IL-6 and its receptor have been approved for therapeutic intervention or are in advanced stages of clinical development. Here we describe the crystal structures of the complexes of IL-6 with two Fabs derived from conventional camelid antibodies that antagonize the interaction between the cytokine and its receptor. The x-ray structures of these complexes provide insights into the mechanism of neutralization by the two antibodies and explain the very high potency of one of the antibodies. It effectively competes for binding to the cytokine with IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) by using side chains of two CDR residues filling the site I cavities of IL-6, thus mimicking the interactions of Phe229 and Phe279 of IL-6R. In the first antibody, a HCDR3 tryptophan binds similarly to hot spot residue Phe279. Mutation of this HCDR3 Trp residue into any other residue except Tyr or Phe significantly weakens binding of the antibody to IL-6, as was also observed for IL-6R mutants of Phe279. In the second antibody, the side chain of HCDR3 valine ties into site I like IL-6R Phe279, whereas a LCDR1 tyrosine side chain occupies a second cavity within site I and mimics the interactions of IL-6R Phe229.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aline Desmyter
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 6098 CNRS and Universités of Marseille, 13284 Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Ava Sadi
- From argenx, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | | | - Silvia Spinelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 6098 CNRS and Universités of Marseille, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Remy Loris
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, and the Structural Biology Research Center, Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 6098 CNRS and Universités of Marseille, 13284 Marseille, France
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Ge JF, Xu YY, Qin G, Peng YN, Zhang CF, Liu XR, Liang LC, Wang ZZ, Chen FH. Depression-like Behavior Induced by Nesfatin-1 in Rats: Involvement of Increased Immune Activation and Imbalance of Synaptic Vesicle Proteins. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:429. [PMID: 26617482 PMCID: PMC4639614 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a multicausal disorder and has been associated with metabolism regulation and immuno-inflammatory reaction. The anorectic molecule nesfatin-1 has recently been characterized as a potential mood regulator, but its precise effect on depression and the possible mechanisms remain unknown, especially when given peripherally. In the present study, nesfatin-1 was intraperitoneally injected to the rats and the depression-like behavior and activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were evaluated. The plasma concentrations of nesfatin-1, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP); and the hypothalamic expression levels of nesfatin-1, synapsin I, and synaptotagmin I mRNA were evaluated in nesfatin-1 chronically treated rats. The results showed that both acute and chronic administration of nesfatin-1 increased immobility in the forced swimming test (FST), and resulted in the hyperactivity of HPA axis, as indicated by the increase of plasma corticosterone concentration and hypothalamic expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA. Moreover, after chronic nesfatin-1 administration, the rats exhibited decreased activity and exploratory behavior in the open field test (OFT) and increased mRNA expression of synapsin I and synaptotagmin I in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, chronic administration of nesfatin-1 elevated plasma concentrations of IL-6 and CRP, which were positively correlated with despair behavior, plasma corticosterone level, and the hypothalamic mRNA expression of synapsin I and synaptotagmin I. These results indicated that exogenous nesfatin-1 could induce the immune-inflammatory activation, which might be a central hug linking the depression-like behavior and the imbalanced mRNA expression of synaptic vesicle proteins in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Ge
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Yun Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
| | - Gan Qin
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
| | - Yao-Nan Peng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
| | - Chao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
| | - Xing-Rui Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
| | - Li-Chuan Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
| | - Fei-Hu Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
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Lacroix M, Rousseau F, Guilhot F, Malinge P, Magistrelli G, Herren S, Jones SA, Jones GW, Scheller J, Lissilaa R, Kosco-Vilbois M, Johnson Z, Buatois V, Ferlin W. Novel Insights into Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Cis- and Trans-signaling Pathways by Differentially Manipulating the Assembly of the IL-6 Signaling Complex. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26943-26953. [PMID: 26363066 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.682138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-6 signaling complex is described as a hexamer, formed by the association of two IL-6·IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)·gp130 trimers, with gp130 being the signal transducer inducing cis- and trans-mediated signaling via a membrane-bound or soluble form of the IL-6R, respectively. 25F10 is an anti-mouse IL-6R mAb that binds to both membrane-bound IL-6R and soluble IL-6R with the unique property of specifically inhibiting trans-mediated signaling events. In this study, epitope mapping revealed that 25F10 interacts at site IIb of IL-6R but allows the binding of IL-6 to the IL-6R and the recruitment of gp130, forming a trimer complex. Binding of 25F10 to IL-6R prevented the formation of the hexameric complex obligate for trans-mediated signaling, suggesting that the cis- and trans-modes of IL-6 signaling adopt different mechanisms for receptor complex assembly. To study this phenomenon also in the human system, we developed NI-1201, a mAb that targets, in the human IL-6R sequence, the epitope recognized by 25F10 for mice. Interestingly, NI-1201, however, did not selectively inhibit human IL-6 trans-signaling, although both mAbs produced beneficial outcomes in conditions of exacerbated IL-6 as compared with a site I-directed mAb. These findings shed light on the complexity of IL-6 signaling. First, triggering cis- versus trans-mediated IL-6 signaling occurs via distinctive mechanisms for receptor complex assembly in mice. Second, the formation of the receptor complex leading to cis- and trans-signaling biology in mice and humans is different, and this should be taken into account when developing strategies to inhibit IL-6 clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lacroix
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Pauline Malinge
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Suzanne Herren
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Simon A Jones
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, The School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Campus, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth W Jones
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, The School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Campus, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rami Lissilaa
- Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA, 2300 La Chaux-De-Fonds, Switzerland
| | | | - Zoë Johnson
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Buatois
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Walter Ferlin
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
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49
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Schumacher N, Meyer D, Mauermann A, von der Heyde J, Wolf J, Schwarz J, Knittler K, Murphy G, Michalek M, Garbers C, Bartsch JW, Guo S, Schacher B, Eickholz P, Chalaris A, Rose-John S, Rabe B. Shedding of Endogenous Interleukin-6 Receptor (IL-6R) Is Governed by A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) Proteases while a Full-length IL-6R Isoform Localizes to Circulating Microvesicles. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26059-71. [PMID: 26359498 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.649509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) is a prerequisite for pathogenic IL-6 trans-signaling, which constitutes a distinct signaling pathway of the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Although in vitro experiments using ectopically overexpressed IL-6R and candidate proteases revealed major roles for the metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in IL-6R shedding, the identity of the protease(s) cleaving IL-6R in more physiological settings, or even in vivo, remains unknown. By taking advantage of specific pharmacological inhibitors and primary cells from ADAM-deficient mice we established that endogenous IL-6R of both human and murine origin is shed by ADAM17 in an induced manner, whereas constitutive release of endogenous IL-6R is largely mediated by ADAM10. Although circulating IL-6R levels are altered in various diseases, the origin of blood-borne IL-6R is still poorly understood. It has been shown previously that ADAM17 hypomorphic mice exhibit unaltered levels of serum sIL-6R. Here, by quantification of serum sIL-6R in protease-deficient mice as well as human patients we also excluded ADAM10, ADAM8, neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 from contributing to circulating sIL-6R. Furthermore, we ruled out alternative splicing of the IL-6R mRNA as a potential source of circulating sIL-6R in the mouse. Instead, we found full-length IL-6R on circulating microvesicles, establishing microvesicle release as a novel mechanism for sIL-6R generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neele Schumacher
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dörte Meyer
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Mauermann
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan von der Heyde
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janina Wolf
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schwarz
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Knittler
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gillian Murphy
- the Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Michalek
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- the Department of Neurosurgery/Lab, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany, and
| | - Songbo Guo
- the Department of Neurosurgery/Lab, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany, and
| | - Beate Schacher
- the Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- the Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Athena Chalaris
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn Rabe
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany,
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50
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Mar AC, Chu CH, Lee HJ, Chien CW, Cheng JJ, Yang SH, Jiang JK, Lee TC. Interleukin-1 Receptor Type 2 Acts with c-Fos to Enhance the Expression of Interleukin-6 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A in Colon Cancer Cells and Induce Angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26209639 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) acts as a decoy receptor of exogenous IL-1; however, its intracellular activity is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that IL1R2 intracellularly activates the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines and affects cell migration. In this study, we found that intracellular IL1R2 expression was increased in human colorectal cancer cells (CRCs) compared with normal colon cells. We also observed that the mRNA levels of IL1R2 were highly correlated with IL-6 in tumor tissues of CRC patients. By modulating its expression in CRC cells, we verified that enhanced IL1R2 expression transcriptionally activated the expression of IL-6 and VEGF-A. Conditioned medium harvested from IL1R2-overexpressing CRC cells contained higher levels of IL-6 and VEGF-A than that from vector control cells and significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of cultured endothelial cells. We further demonstrated a positive association of intracellular IL1R2 levels with tumor growth and microvessel density in xenograft mouse models. These results revealed that IL1R2 activates the expression of angiogenic factors. Mechanistically, we revealed that IL1R2 complexes with c-Fos and binds to the AP-1 site at the IL-6 and VEGF-A promoters. Together, these results reveal a novel function of intracellular IL1R2 that acts with c-Fos to enhance the transcription of IL-6 and VEGF-A, which promotes angiogenesis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Chung Mar
- From the Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ho Chu
- the Institute of Pharmacology and the Department of Surgery, Koo Foundation, Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lee
- the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chien
- the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- the National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, and
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- the Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan the School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- the Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan the School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan,
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