1
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Goloe D, Gildor T, Ben-Tabou de-Leon S. Expression and Transcriptional Targets of TGFβ-RII in Paracentrotus lividus Larval Skeletogenesis. Genesis 2024; 62:e23614. [PMID: 39139086 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Organisms from the five kingdoms of life use minerals to harden their tissues and make teeth, shells and skeletons, in the process of biomineralization. The sea urchin larval skeleton is an excellent system to study the biological regulation of biomineralization and its evolution. The gene regulatory network (GRN) that controls sea urchin skeletogenesis is known in great details and shows similarity to the GRN that controls vertebrates' vascularization while it is quite distinct from the GRN that drives vertebrates' bone formation. Yet, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling regulates both sea urchin and vertebrates' skeletogenesis. Here, we study the upstream regulation and identify transcriptional targets of TGF-β in the Mediterranean Sea urchin species, Paracentrotus lividus. TGF-βRII is transiently active in the skeletogenic cells downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, in P. lividus. Continuous perturbation of TGF-βRII activity significantly impairs skeletal elongation and the expression of key skeletogenic genes. Perturbation of TGF-βRII after skeletal initiation leads to a delay in skeletal elongation and minor changes in gene expression. TGF-β targets are distinct from its transcriptional targets during vertebrates' bone formation, suggesting that the role of TGF-β in biomineralization in these two phyla results from convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Goloe
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tsvia Gildor
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Smadar Ben-Tabou de-Leon
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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2
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Morris ZS, Colbert MW, Rowe TB. Variation and Variability in Skeletal Ossification of the Gray Short-tailed Opossum, Monodelphis domestica. Integr Org Biol 2024; 6:obae024. [PMID: 39114377 PMCID: PMC11305135 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
By reconstructing and comparing the sequence of ontogenetic (embryonic development and post-natal growth) events across species, developmental biologists have gained unique insights into the key processes underlying the evolution of modern lineages and their extinct relatives. However, despite the importance of intraspecific variation to evolutionary transformation and lineage divergence, variation in the sequence of developmental events is seldom acknowledged. Thus, how much variation or variability should be expected during ontogeny remains poorly understood and it is an open question to what extent it impacts interspecific comparisons of developmental patterns. To address this crucial question, we studied the skeletal development of the important biomedical and developmental model organism, Monodelphis domestica. We investigated cranial, forelimb, and hindlimb elements using ontogenetic sequence analysis (OSA) to quantify and assess the full range of variation and variability in the sequence of ossification. Our study documented that previously unrecognized variation exists during M. domestica ontogeny-with over 5000 sequences for the full 92 event analysis. Further, OSA revealed unexpectedly high variability (i.e., the propensity to express variation) in the sequence of ossification for the skull and across the entire skeleton. Reconstructed modal sequences were generally in agreement with previously recognized patterns, including earlier ossification of the facial skeleton and a slight offset between forelimb and hindlimb development. However, the full range of variation shows that the majority of specimens in our analysis followed developmental trajectories distinct from those recovered by prior studies. This level of variation is quite remarkable and demonstrates the importance of assessing intraspecific ontogenetic variation. By quantifying sequence polymorphism and studying how developmental variation and variability differ among species, we can clarify more precisely how developmental patterns differ among species and gain insights into how ontogeny itself evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Morris
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - M W Colbert
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- University of Texas High‐Resolution X‐Ray CT Facility, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - T B Rowe
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- University of Texas High‐Resolution X‐Ray CT Facility, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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3
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Zhao F, Qiu Y, Liu W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Bian L, Shao L. Biomimetic Hydrogels as the Inductive Endochondral Ossification Template for Promoting Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303532. [PMID: 38108565 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Repairing critical size bone defects (CSBD) is a major clinical challenge and requires effective intervention by biomaterial scaffolds. Inspired by the fact that the cartilaginous template-based endochondral ossification (ECO) process is crucial to bone healing and development, developing biomimetic biomaterials to promote ECO is recognized as a promising approach for repairing CSBD. With the unique highly hydrated 3D polymeric network, hydrogels can be designed to closely emulate the physiochemical properties of cartilage matrix to facilitate ECO. In this review, the various preparation methods of hydrogels possessing the specific physiochemical properties required for promoting ECO are introduced. The materiobiological impacts of the physicochemical properties of hydrogels, such as mechanical properties, topographical structures and chemical compositions on ECO, and the associated molecular mechanisms related to the BMP, Wnt, TGF-β, HIF-1α, FGF, and RhoA signaling pathways are further summarized. This review provides a detailed coverage on the materiobiological insights required for the design and preparation of hydrogel-based biomaterials to facilitate bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Qiu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
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4
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Niu X, Zhang F, Gu W, Zhang B, Chen X. FBLN2 is associated with Goldenhar syndrome and is essential for cranial neural crest cell development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1537:113-128. [PMID: 38970771 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Goldenhar syndrome, a rare craniofacial malformation, is characterized by developmental anomalies in the first and second pharyngeal arches. Its etiology is considered to be heterogenous, including both genetic and environmental factors that remain largely unknown. To further elucidate the genetic cause in a five-generation Goldenhar syndrome pedigree and exploit the whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of this pedigree, we generated collapsed haplotype pattern markers based on WES and employed rare variant nonparametric linkage analysis. FBLN2 was identified as a candidate gene via analysis of WES data across the significant linkage region. A fbln2 knockout zebrafish line was established by CRISPR/Cas9 to examine the gene's role in craniofacial cartilage development. fbln2 was expressed specifically in the mandible during the zebrafish early development, while fbln2 knockout zebrafish exhibited craniofacial malformations with abnormal chondrocyte morphologies. Functional studies revealed that fbln2 knockout caused abnormal chondrogenic differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), and downregulated the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in the zebrafish model. This study demonstrates the role of FBLN2 in CNCC development and BMP pathway regulation, and highlights FBLN2 as a candidate gene for Goldenhar syndrome, which may have implications for the selection of potential screening targets and the development of treatments for conditions like microtia-atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyu Zhang
- 8-Year MD Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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5
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Lan X, Boluk Y, Adesida AB. 3D Bioprinting of Hyaline Cartilage Using Nasal Chondrocytes. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1816-1834. [PMID: 36952145 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited self-repair capacity of the hyaline cartilage, the repair of cartilage remains an unsolved clinical problem. Tissue engineering strategy with 3D bioprinting technique has emerged a new insight by providing patient's personalized cartilage grafts using autologous cells for hyaline cartilage repair and regeneration. In this review, we first summarized the intrinsic property of hyaline cartilage in both maxillofacial and orthopedic regions to establish the requirement for 3D bioprinting cartilage tissue. We then reviewed the literature and provided opinion pieces on the selection of bioprinters, bioink materials, and cell sources. This review aims to identify the current challenges for hyaline cartilage bioprinting and the directions for future clinical development in bioprinted hyaline cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yaman Boluk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopedic Surgery & Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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6
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Zhao R, Moore EL, Gogol MM, Unruh JR, Yu Z, Scott AR, Wang Y, Rajendran NK, Trainor PA. Identification and characterization of intermediate states in mammalian neural crest cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. eLife 2024; 13:RP92844. [PMID: 38873887 PMCID: PMC11178358 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process that converts epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells with migratory potential in developmental and pathological processes. Although originally considered a binary event, EMT in cancer progression involves intermediate states between a fully epithelial and a fully mesenchymal phenotype, which are characterized by distinct combinations of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. This phenomenon has been termed epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), however, the intermediate states remain poorly described and it's unclear whether they exist during developmental EMT. Neural crest cells (NCC) are an embryonic progenitor cell population that gives rise to numerous cell types and tissues in vertebrates, and their formation and delamination is a classic example of developmental EMT. However, whether intermediate states also exist during NCC EMT and delamination remains unknown. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse embryos, we identified intermediate NCC states based on their transcriptional signature and then spatially defined their locations in situ in the dorsolateral neuroepithelium. Our results illustrate the importance of cell cycle regulation and functional role for the intermediate stage marker Dlc1 in facilitating mammalian cranial NCC delamination and may provide new insights into mechanisms regulating pathological EMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityUnited States
| | - Emma L Moore
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | | | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Zulin Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Allison R Scott
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Yan Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | | | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityUnited States
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7
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Kaur G, Pippin JA, Chang S, Redmond J, Chesi A, Wells AD, Maerz T, Grant SFA, Coleman RM, Hankenson KD, Wagley Y. Osteoporosis GWAS-implicated DNM3 locus contextually regulates osteoblastic and chondrogenic fate of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells through oscillating miR-199a-5p levels. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae051. [PMID: 38686038 PMCID: PMC11056323 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association study (GWAS)-implicated bone mineral density (BMD) signals have been shown to localize in cis-regulatory regions of distal effector genes using 3D genomic methods. Detailed characterization of such genes can reveal novel causal genes for BMD determination. Here, we elected to characterize the "DNM3" locus on chr1q24, where the long non-coding RNA DNM3OS and the embedded microRNA MIR199A2 (miR-199a-5p) are implicated as effector genes contacted by the region harboring variation in linkage disequilibrium with BMD-associated sentinel single nucleotide polymorphism, rs12041600. During osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (hMSC), miR-199a-5p expression was temporally decreased and correlated with the induction of osteoblastic transcription factors RUNX2 and Osterix. Functional relevance of miR-199a-5p downregulation in osteoblastogenesis was investigated by introducing miR-199a-5p mimic into hMSC. Cells overexpressing miR-199a-5p depicted a cobblestone-like morphological change and failed to produce BMP2-dependent extracellular matrix mineralization. Mechanistically, a miR-199a-5p mimic modified hMSC propagated normal SMAD1/5/9 signaling and expressed osteoblastic transcription factors RUNX2 and Osterix but depicted pronounced upregulation of SOX9 and enhanced expression of essential chondrogenic genes ACAN, COMP, and COL10A1. Mineralization defects, morphological changes, and enhanced chondrogenic gene expression associated with miR-199a-5p mimic over-expression were restored with miR-199a-5p inhibitor suggesting specificity of miR-199a-5p in chondrogenic fate specification. The expression of both the DNM3OS and miR-199a-5p temporally increased and correlated with hMSC chondrogenic differentiation. Although miR-199a-5p overexpression failed to further enhance chondrogenesis, blocking miR-199a-5p activity significantly reduced chondrogenic pellet size, extracellular matrix deposition, and chondrogenic gene expression. Taken together, our results indicate that oscillating miR-199a-5p levels dictate hMSC osteoblast or chondrocyte terminal fate. Our study highlights a functional role of miR-199a-5p as a BMD effector gene at the DNM3 BMD GWAS locus, where patients with cis-regulatory genetic variation which increases miR-199a-5p expression could lead to reduced osteoblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - James A Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Solomon Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Justin Redmond
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Rhima M Coleman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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8
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Shi Y, Huang D, Song C, Cao R, Wang Z, Wang D, Zhao L, Xu X, Lu C, Xiong F, Zhao H, Li S, Zhou Q, Luo S, Hu D, Zhang Y, Wang C, Shen Y, Su W, Wu Y, Schmitz K, Wei S, Song W. Diphthamide deficiency promotes association of eEF2 with p53 to induce p21 expression and neural crest defects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3301. [PMID: 38671004 PMCID: PMC11053169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diphthamide is a modified histidine residue unique for eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), a key ribosomal protein. Loss of this evolutionarily conserved modification causes developmental defects through unknown mechanisms. In a patient with compound heterozygous mutations in Diphthamide Biosynthesis 1 (DPH1) and impaired eEF2 diphthamide modification, we observe multiple defects in neural crest (NC)-derived tissues. Knockin mice harboring the patient's mutations and Xenopus embryos with Dph1 depleted also display NC defects, which can be attributed to reduced proliferation in the neuroepithelium. DPH1 depletion facilitates dissociation of eEF2 from ribosomes and association with p53 to promote transcription of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, resulting in inhibited proliferation. Knockout of one p21 allele rescues the NC phenotypes in the knockin mice carrying the patient's mutations. These findings uncover an unexpected role for eEF2 as a transcriptional coactivator for p53 to induce p21 expression and NC defects, which is regulated by diphthamide modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Daochao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ruixue Cao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Congyu Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Haowen Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuyue Luo
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Dongjie Hu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weiting Su
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Karl Schmitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Weihong Song
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Wang W, Yang N, Wang L, Zhu Y, Chu X, Xu W, Li Y, Xu Y, Gao L, Zhang B, Zhang G, Sun Q, Wang W, Wang Q, Zhang W, Chen D. The TET-Sall4-BMP regulatory axis controls craniofacial cartilage development. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113873. [PMID: 38427557 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital defect that usually results from aberrant development of embryonic pharyngeal arches. However, the molecular basis of CFM pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we employ the zebrafish model to investigate mechanisms of CFM pathogenesis. In early embryos, tet2 and tet3 are essential for pharyngeal cartilage development. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that loss of Tet2/3 impairs chondrocyte differentiation due to insufficient BMP signaling. Moreover, biochemical and genetic evidence reveals that the sequence-specific 5mC/5hmC-binding protein, Sall4, binds the promoter of bmp4 to activate bmp4 expression and control pharyngeal cartilage development. Mechanistically, Sall4 directs co-phase separation of Tet2/3 with Sall4 to form condensates that mediate 5mC oxidation on the bmp4 promoter, thereby promoting bmp4 expression and enabling sufficient BMP signaling. These findings suggest the TET-BMP-Sall4 regulatory axis is critical for pharyngeal cartilage development. Collectively, our study provides insights into understanding craniofacial development and CFM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Na Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanxiang Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yihai Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Lina Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qinmiao Sun
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Dahua Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, China.
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10
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Liao Y, Kang F, Xiong J, Xie K, Li M, Yu L, Wang Y, Chen H, Ye G, Yin Y, Guo W, Cai H, Zhu Q, Li Z. MSX1 +PDGFRA low limb mesenchyme-like cells as an efficient stem cell source for human cartilage regeneration. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:399-413. [PMID: 38428414 PMCID: PMC10937155 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative bone disorders have a significant impact on global health, and regeneration of articular cartilage remains a challenge. Existing cell therapies using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown limited efficacy, highlighting the necessity for alternative stem cell sources. Here, we have identified and characterized MSX1+ mesenchymal progenitor cells in the developing limb bud with remarkable osteochondral-regenerative and microenvironment-adaptive capabilities. Single-cell sequencing further revealed the presence of two major cell compositions within the MSX1+ cells, where a distinct PDGFRAlow subset retained the strongest osteochondral competency and could efficiently regenerate articular cartilage in vivo. Furthermore, a strategy was developed to generate MSX1+PDGFRAlow limb mesenchyme-like (LML) cells from human pluripotent stem cells that closely resembled their mouse counterparts, which were bipotential in vitro and could directly regenerate damaged cartilage in a mouse injury model. Together, our results indicated that MSX1+PDGFRAlow LML cells might be a prominent stem cell source for human cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansong Liao
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanchen Kang
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingfei Xiong
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Xie
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxu Li
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyi Chen
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guogen Ye
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yike Yin
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyang Cai
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhonghan Li
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Liu X, Song S, Wang G, Zhang Y, Su H, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang X, Yu Z. Upregulated LncRNA-Meg3 modulates the proliferation and survival of MEPM cells via interacting with Smad signaling in TCDD-induced cleft palate. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114410. [PMID: 38128685 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in utero can result in high rates of cleft palate (CP) formation, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be characterized. In vivo, the lncRNA Meg3 was upregulated following TCDD treatment in CP-associated murine embryonic palatal tissue, with concomitant changes in proliferative and apoptotic activity in these murine embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. Meg3 can modulate the TGF-β/Smad to control the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of cells. Accordingly, TCCD and TGF-β1 were herein used to treat MEPM cells in vitro, revealing that while TCDD exposure altered the proliferative activity and apoptotic death of these cells, exogenous TGF-β1 exposure antagonized these effects via TGF-β/Smad signaling. TCDD promoted Meg3 upregulation, whereas TGF-β1 suppressed TCDD-driven upregulation of this lncRNA. Meg3 was additionally determined to directly interact with Smad2, with significant Meg3 enrichment in Smad2-immunoprecipitates following TCDD treatment. When Meg3 was silenced, the impact of TCDD on Smad signaling, proliferative activity, and apoptosis were ablated, while the effects of exogenous TGF-β1 were unchanged. This supports a model wherein Meg3 is upregulated in TCDD-exposed palatal tissue whereupon it can interact with Smad2 to suppress Smad-dependent signaling, thus controlling MEPM cell proliferation and apoptosis, contributing to TCDD-induced CP, which provides a theoretical support for the precautions of cleft palate induced by TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuan Liu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuaixing Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Guoxu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hexin Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zengli Yu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China.
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12
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Nelissen S, Miller AD. Assessment of SOX10 expression in 437 canine neoplasms of different embryologic origins. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241231562. [PMID: 38366813 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241231562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Several members of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) protein family are implicated in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. SOX10, which is involved in neural crest cell migration and differentiation, has long been recognized a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical (IHC) marker in the diagnosis of melanoma in humans. However, expression of SOX10 in other tumor types has infrequently been evaluated in humans until recently and has not been thoroughly investigated in the dog. Our aim was to characterize the expression of SOX10 in canine neoplasms to objectively assess its value as a diagnostic IHC marker. Immunohistochemistry for SOX10 was performed on 437 archived, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from representative canine neoplasms of ectodermal (15 tumor types), mesodermal (13 tumor types), endodermal (8 tumor types), and mixed/unknown (7 tumor types) embryologic origin. Oral and cutaneous tumors of melanocytic origin were used as positive controls. Intense SOX10 immunolabeling was observed in most tumors of ectodermal origin, including consistent expression in mammary carcinomas, and gliomas. Embryonal and hair follicle neoplasms inconsistently exhibited strong nuclear immunolabeling. Oral fibrosarcomas and undifferentiated oral sarcomas both inconsistently exhibited moderate to strong nuclear immunolabeling. Neoplasms of mesodermal and endodermal origin lacked immunolabeling. Salivary carcinomas, representing an unknown/mixed embryologic origin, were strongly labeled. SOX10 expression is not limited to melanomas, but is expressed by canine tumors of diverse tissues and embryologic derivation. Importantly, expression of SOX10 by a subset of oral sarcomas impairs its value as a marker for spindle cell oral melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Nelissen
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
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13
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Zhao R, Moore EL, Gogol MM, Unruh JR, Yu Z, Scott A, Wang Y, Rajendran NK, Trainor PA. Identification and characterization of intermediate states in mammalian neural crest cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.26.564204. [PMID: 37961316 PMCID: PMC10634855 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process that converts epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells with migratory potential in both developmental and pathological processes. Although originally considered a binary event, EMT in cancer progression involves intermediate states between a fully epithelial and a fully mesenchymal phenotype, which are characterized by distinct combinations of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. This phenomenon has been termed epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), however, the intermediate states remain poorly described and it's unclear whether they exist during developmental EMT. Neural crest cells (NCC) are an embryonic progenitor cell population that gives rise to numerous cell types and tissues in vertebrates, and their formation is a classic example of developmental EMT. An important feature of NCC development is their delamination from the neuroepithelium via EMT, following which NCC migrate throughout the embryo and undergo differentiation. NCC delamination shares similar changes in cellular state and structure with cancer cell invasion. However, whether intermediate states also exist during NCC EMT and delamination remains unknown. Through single cell RNA sequencing, we identified intermediate NCC states based on their transcriptional signature and then spatially defined their locations in situ in the dorsolateral neuroepithelium. Our results illustrate the progressive transcriptional and spatial transitions from premigratory to migratory cranial NCC during EMT and delamination. Of note gene expression and trajectory analysis indicate that distinct intermediate populations of NCC delaminate in either S phase or G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and the importance of cell cycle regulation in facilitating mammalian cranial NCC delamination was confirmed through cell cycle inhibition studies. Additionally, transcriptional knockdown revealed a functional role for the intermediate stage marker Dlc1 in regulating NCC delamination and migration. Overall, our work identifying and characterizing the intermediate cellular states, processes, and molecular signals that regulate mammalian NCC EMT and delamination furthers our understanding of developmental EMP and may provide new insights into mechanisms regulating pathological EMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Emma L. Moore
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Jay R. Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Zulin Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Allison Scott
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Paul A. Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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14
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Seto Y, Ogihara R, Takizawa K, Eiraku M. In vitro induction of patterned branchial arch-like aggregate from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1351. [PMID: 38355589 PMCID: PMC10867012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Early patterning of neural crest cells (NCCs) in the craniofacial primordium is important for subsequent development of proper craniofacial structures. However, because of the complexity of the environment of developing tissues, surveying the early specification and patterning of NCCs is difficult. In this study, we develop a simplified in vitro 3D model using human pluripotent stem cells to analyze the early stages of facial development. In this model, cranial NCC-like cells spontaneously differentiate from neural plate border-like cells into maxillary arch-like mesenchyme after a long-term culture. Upon the addition of EDN1 and BMP4, these aggregates are converted into a mandibular arch-like state. Furthermore, temporary treatment with EDN1 and BMP4 induces the formation of spatially separated domains expressing mandibular and maxillary arch markers within a single aggregate. These results suggest that this in vitro model is useful for determining the mechanisms underlying cell fate specification and patterning during early facial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Seto
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Ryoma Ogihara
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kaori Takizawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Eiraku
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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15
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Ulschmid CM, Sun MR, Jabbarpour CR, Steward AC, Rivera-González KS, Cao J, Martin AA, Barnes M, Wicklund L, Madrid A, Papale LA, Joseph DB, Vezina CM, Alisch RS, Lipinski RJ. Disruption of DNA methylation-mediated cranial neural crest proliferation and differentiation causes orofacial clefts in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317668121. [PMID: 38194455 PMCID: PMC10801837 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317668121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts of the lip and palate are widely recognized to result from complex gene-environment interactions, but inadequate understanding of environmental risk factors has stymied development of prevention strategies. We interrogated the role of DNA methylation, an environmentally malleable epigenetic mechanism, in orofacial development. Expression of the key DNA methyltransferase enzyme DNMT1 was detected throughout palate morphogenesis in the epithelium and underlying cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) mesenchyme, a highly proliferative multipotent stem cell population that forms orofacial connective tissue. Genetic and pharmacologic manipulations of DNMT activity were then applied to define the tissue- and timing-dependent requirement of DNA methylation in orofacial development. cNCC-specific Dnmt1 inactivation targeting initial palate outgrowth resulted in OFCs, while later targeting during palatal shelf elevation and elongation did not. Conditional Dnmt1 deletion reduced cNCC proliferation and subsequent differentiation trajectory, resulting in attenuated outgrowth of the palatal shelves and altered development of cNCC-derived skeletal elements. Finally, we found that the cellular mechanisms of cleft pathogenesis observed in vivo can be recapitulated by pharmacologically reducing DNA methylation in multipotent cNCCs cultured in vitro. These findings demonstrate that DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic regulator of cNCC biology, define a critical period of development in which its disruption directly causes OFCs, and provide opportunities to identify environmental influences that contribute to OFC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caden M. Ulschmid
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Miranda R. Sun
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Christopher R. Jabbarpour
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Austin C. Steward
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Kenneth S. Rivera-González
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Jocelyn Cao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Alexander A. Martin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Macy Barnes
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Lorena Wicklund
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Andy Madrid
- Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Ligia A. Papale
- Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Diya B. Joseph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Reid S. Alisch
- Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Robert J. Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
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16
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Nguyen TT, Mitchell JM, Kiel MD, Kenny CP, Li H, Jones KL, Cornell RA, Williams TJ, Nichols JT, Van Otterloo E. TFAP2 paralogs regulate midfacial development in part through a conserved ALX genetic pathway. Development 2024; 151:dev202095. [PMID: 38063857 PMCID: PMC10820886 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cranial neural crest development is governed by positional gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Fine-tuning of the GRN components underlies facial shape variation, yet how those networks in the midface are connected and activated remain poorly understood. Here, we show that concerted inactivation of Tfap2a and Tfap2b in the murine neural crest, even during the late migratory phase, results in a midfacial cleft and skeletal abnormalities. Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq profiling reveal that loss of both TFAP2 family members dysregulates numerous midface GRN components involved in midface morphogenesis, patterning and differentiation. Notably, Alx1, Alx3 and Alx4 (ALX) transcript levels are reduced, whereas ChIP-seq analyses suggest TFAP2 family members directly and positively regulate ALX gene expression. Tfap2a, Tfap2b and ALX co-expression in midfacial neural crest cells of both mouse and zebrafish implies conservation of this regulatory axis across vertebrates. Consistent with this notion, tfap2a zebrafish mutants present with abnormal alx3 expression patterns, Tfap2a binds ALX loci and tfap2a-alx3 genetic interactions are observed. Together, these data demonstrate TFAP2 paralogs regulate vertebrate midfacial development in part by activating expression of ALX transcription factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T. Nguyen
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennyfer M. Mitchell
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michaela D. Kiel
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Colin P. Kenny
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert A. Cornell
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Trevor J. Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - James T. Nichols
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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17
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Papadopoulos EA, Howley MM, Fisher SC, Van Zutphen AR, Werler MM, Romitti PA, Browne ML. Antifungal medication use during pregnancy and the risk of selected major birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2024; 33:e5741. [PMID: 38112229 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies suggest increased birth defect risk associated with maternal use of specific oral antifungals. We estimated associations between first-trimester antifungal use and selected non-cardiac birth defects using National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) data. METHODS Participants with a pregnancy affected by a study-eligible birth defect ("cases") were ascertained from 10 birth defect surveillance programs; participants who delivered livebirths without a major birth defect ("controls") were randomly selected from birth records or hospital discharge lists. First-trimester antifungal use was self-reported via maternal interview. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for birth defects with ≥5 exposed cases using logistic regression. We estimated crude ORs and exact 95% CIs for birth defects with 3-4 exposed cases. Additionally, we conducted a probabilistic bias analysis of exposure misclassification. RESULTS Our analysis included 19 624 cases and 11 427 controls; 257 (1.3%) cases and 123 (1.1%) controls reported first-trimester antifungal use. Of those who reported antifungals, 62.6% of cases and 64.2% of controls reported topical antifungals; 10.1% of cases and 4.9% of controls reported oral antifungals. We observed the strongest associations for encephalocele and Dandy-Walker malformation and modestly elevated estimates for several other defects. Bias-adjusted estimates were similar to the main analysis. CONCLUSION First-trimester antifungal use was positively associated with several birth defects in our analysis, although CIs were imprecise. Further study is warranted to investigate associations between antifungal use and birth defects, including potential bias due to confounding by indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni A Papadopoulos
- Birth Defects Registry, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Meredith M Howley
- Birth Defects Registry, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sarah C Fisher
- Birth Defects Registry, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alissa R Van Zutphen
- Birth Defects Registry, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Martha M Werler
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Marilyn L Browne
- Birth Defects Registry, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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18
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Widmer S, Seefried FR, Häfliger IM, Signer-Hasler H, Flury C, Drögemüller C. WNT10B: A locus increasing risk of brachygnathia inferior in Brown Swiss cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8969-8978. [PMID: 37641348 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Shortening of the mandible (brachygnathia inferior) is a congenital, often inherited and variably expressed craniofacial anomaly in domestic animals including cattle. Brachygnathia inferior can lead to poorer animal health and welfare and reduced growth, which ultimately affects productivity. Within the course of the systematic conformation scoring, cases with a frequency of about 0.1% were observed in the Brown Swiss cattle population of Switzerland. In contrast, this anomaly is almost unknown in the Original Braunvieh population, representing the breed of origin. Because none of the individually examined 46 living offspring of our study cohort of 145 affected cows showed the trait, we can most likely exclude a monogenic-dominant mode of inheritance. We hypothesized that either a monogenic recessive or a complex mode of inheritance was underlying. Through a genome-wide association study of 145 cases and 509 controls with imputed 624k SNP data, we identified a 4.5 Mb genomic region on bovine chromosome 5 significantly associated with this anomaly. This locus was fine-mapped using whole-genome sequencing data. A run of homozygosity analysis revealed a critical interval of 430 kb. A breed specific frameshift duplication in WNT10B (rs525007739; c.910dupC; p.Arg304ProfsTer14) located in this genomic region was found to be associated with a 21.5-fold increased risk of brachygnathia inferior in homozygous carriers. Consequently, we present for the first time a genetic locus associated with this well-known anomaly in cattle, which allows DNA-based selection of Brown Swiss animals at decreased risk for mandibular shortening. In addition, this study represents the first large animal model of a WNT10B-related inherited developmental disorder in a mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Widmer
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Qualitas AG, 6300 Zug, Switzerland
| | | | - Irene M Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Signer-Hasler
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Christine Flury
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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19
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Wei Z, Hong Q, Ding Z, Liu J. cxcl12a plays an essential role in pharyngeal cartilage development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1243265. [PMID: 37860819 PMCID: PMC10582265 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1243265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neural crest cells constitute a distinct set of multipotent cells that undergo migration along predefined pathways, culmination in the differentiation into a plethora of cell types, including components of the pharyngeal cartilage. The neurocranium is composite structure derived from both cranial neural crest and mesoderm cells, whereas the pharyngeal skeletal elements-including the mandibular and branchial arches-are exclusively formed by craniofacial neural crest cells. Previous studies have elucidated the critical involvement of the chemokine signaling axis Cxcl12b/Cxcr4a in craniofacial development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Nonetheless, the function contribution of Cxcl12a and Cxcr4b-the homologous counterparts of Cxcl12b and Cxcr4a-remain largely unexplored. Methods: In the present study, mutant lines for cxcl12a and cxcr4b were generated employing CRISPR/Cas9 system. Temporal and spatial expression patterns of specific genes were assessed using in situ hybridization and dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. High-resolution confocal microscopy was utilized for in vivo imaging to detect the pharyngeal arch or pouch patterning. Additionally, cartilage formation within the craniofacial region was analyzed via Alcian blue staining, and the proliferation and apoptosis rates of craniofacial neural crest cells were quantified through BrdU incorporation and TUNEL staining. Results: Our data reveals that the deletion of the chemokine gene cxcl12a results in a marked diminution of pharyngeal cartilage elements, attributable to compromised proliferation of post-migratory craniofacial neural crest cells. Subsequent experiments confirmed that Cxcl12a and Cxcl12b exhibit a synergistic influence on pharyngeal arch and pouch formation. Conclusion: Collectively, the present investigation furnishes compelling empirical evidence supporting the indispensable role of Cxcl2a in craniofacial cartilage morphogenesis, albeit cxcr4b mutants exert a minimal impact on this biological process. We delineate that Cxcl12a is essential for chondrogenesis in zebrafish, primarily by promoting the proliferation of craniofacial neural crest cells. Furthermore, we proposed a conceptual framework wherein Cxcl12a and Cxcl12b function synergistically in orchestrating both the pharyngeal arch and pouch morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Hong
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zijiao Ding
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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20
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Smeriglio P, Zalc A. Cranial Neural Crest Cells Contribution to Craniofacial Bone Development and Regeneration. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:624-631. [PMID: 37421571 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize (i) the latest evidence on cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) contribution to craniofacial development and ossification; (ii) the recent discoveries on the mechanisms responsible for their plasticity; and (iii) the newest procedures to ameliorate maxillofacial tissue repair. RECENT FINDINGS CNCC display a remarkable differentiation potential that exceeds the capacity of their germ layer of origin. The mechanisms by which they expand their plasticity was recently described. Their ability to participate to craniofacial bone development and regeneration open new perspectives for treatments of traumatic craniofacial injuries or congenital syndromes. These conditions can be life-threatening, require invasive maxillofacial surgery and can leave deep sequels on our health or quality of life. With accumulating evidence showing how CNCC-derived stem cells potential can ameliorate craniofacial reconstruction and tissue repair, we believe a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating CNCC plasticity is essential to ameliorate endogenous regeneration and improve tissue repair therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Smeriglio
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Institut de Myologie, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Zalc
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.
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21
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Selleri L, Rijli FM. Shaping faces: genetic and epigenetic control of craniofacial morphogenesis. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:610-626. [PMID: 37095271 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Major differences in facial morphology distinguish vertebrate species. Variation of facial traits underlies the uniqueness of human individuals, and abnormal craniofacial morphogenesis during development leads to birth defects that significantly affect quality of life. Studies during the past 40 years have advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that establish facial form during development, highlighting the crucial roles in this process of a multipotent cell type known as the cranial neural crest cell. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in multi-omics and single-cell technologies that enable genes, transcriptional regulatory networks and epigenetic landscapes to be closely linked to the establishment of facial patterning and its variation, with an emphasis on normal and abnormal craniofacial morphogenesis. Advancing our knowledge of these processes will support important developments in tissue engineering, as well as the repair and reconstruction of the abnormal craniofacial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Filippo M Rijli
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuroepigenetics, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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22
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Wang J, Wan X, Le Q. Cross-regulation between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway in stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1250530. [PMID: 37664185 PMCID: PMC10469848 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1250530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9, a member of the SRY-related HMG-box transcription factors, has been reported to critically regulate fetal development and stem cell homeostasis. Wnt signalling is a highly conserved signalling pathway that controls stem cell fate decision and stemness maintenance throughout embryonic development and adult life. Many studies have shown that the interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway are involved in many of the physiological and pathological processes of stem cells, including organ development, the proliferation, differentiation and stemness maintenance of stem cells, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the already-known molecular mechanism of cross-interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, outline its regulatory effects on the maintenance of homeostasis in different types of stem cells, and explore its potential in translational stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xichen Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Myopia Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Maili L, Tandon B, Yuan Q, Menezes S, Chiu F, Hashmi SS, Letra A, Eisenhoffer GT, Hecht JT. Disruption of fos causes craniofacial anomalies in developing zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1141893. [PMID: 37664458 PMCID: PMC10469461 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1141893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial development is a complex and tightly regulated process and disruptions can lead to structural birth defects, the most common being nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP). Previously, we identified FOS as a candidate regulator of NSCLP through family-based association studies, yet its specific contributions to oral and palatal formation are poorly understood. This study investigated the role of fos during zebrafish craniofacial development through genetic disruption and knockdown approaches. Fos was expressed in the periderm, olfactory epithelium and other cell populations in the head. Genetic perturbation of fos produced an abnormal craniofacial phenotype with a hypoplastic oral cavity that showed significant changes in midface dimensions by quantitative facial morphometric analysis. Loss and knockdown of fos caused increased cell apoptosis in the head, followed by a significant reduction in cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) populating the upper and lower jaws. These changes resulted in abnormalities of cartilage, bone and pharyngeal teeth formation. Periderm cells surrounding the oral cavity showed altered morphology and a subset of cells in the upper and lower lip showed disrupted Wnt/β-catenin activation, consistent with modified inductive interactions between mesenchymal and epithelial cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that perturbation of fos has detrimental effects on oral epithelial and CNCC-derived tissues suggesting that it plays a critical role in zebrafish craniofacial development and a potential role in NSCLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Maili
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bhavna Tandon
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qiuping Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Simone Menezes
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frankie Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - S. Shahrukh Hashmi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - George T. Eisenhoffer
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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24
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Yu Z, Song S, Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Liu X. The mechanisms governing mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal cells' proliferation associated with atRA-induced cleft palate in mice: insights from integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2143-2153. [PMID: 37278767 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While exposure to high levels of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) during pregnancy is known to suppress murine embryonic palate mesenchymal (MEPM) cells proliferation and to result in cleft palate (CP) development, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Accordingly, this study was designed with the goal of clarifying the etiological basis for atRA-induced CP. A murine model of CP was established via the oral administration of atRA to pregnant mice on gestational day (GD) 10.5, after which transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed with the goal of clarifying the critical genes and metabolites associated with CP development through an integrated multi-omics approach. MEPM cells proliferation was altered by atRA exposure as expected, contributing to CP incidence. In total, 110 genes were differentially expressed in the atRA treatment groups, suggesting that atRA may influence key biological processes including stimulus, adhesion, and signaling-related activities. In addition, 133 differentially abundant metabolites were identified including molecules associated with ABC transporters, protein digestion and absorption, mTOR signaling pathway, and the TCA cycle, suggesting a link between these mechanisms and CP. Overall, combined analyses of these transcriptomic and metabolomic results suggested that the MAPK, calcium, PI3K-Akt, Wnt, and mTOR signaling pathways are particularly important pathways enriched in the palatal cleft under conditions of atRA exposure. Together, these integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches provided new evidence with respect to the mechanisms underlying altered MEPM cells proliferation and signal transduction associated with atRA-induced CP, revealing a possible link between oxidative stress and these pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Yu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaixing Song
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guoxu Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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25
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Pitirri MK, Richtsmeier JT, Kawasaki M, Coupe AP, Perrine SM, Kawasaki K. Come together over me: Cells that form the dermatocranium and chondrocranium in mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023:10.1002/ar.25295. [PMID: 37497849 PMCID: PMC10818014 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Most bone develops either by intramembranous ossification where bone forms within a soft connective tissue, or by endochondral ossification by way of a cartilage anlagen or model. Bones of the skull can form endochondrally or intramembranously or represent a combination of the two types of ossification. Contrary to the classical definition of intramembranous ossification, we have previously described a tight temporo-spatial relationship between cranial cartilages and dermal bone formation and proposed a mechanistic relationship between chondrocranial cartilage and dermal bone. Here, we further investigate this relationship through an analysis of how cells organize to form cranial cartilages and dermal bone. Using Wnt1-Cre2 and Mesp1-Cre transgenic mice, we determine the derivation of cells that comprise cranial cartilages from either cranial neural crest (CNC) or paraxial mesoderm (PM). We confirm a previously determined CNC-PM boundary that runs through the hypophyseal fenestra in the cartilaginous braincase floor and identify four additional CNC-PM boundaries in the chondrocranial lateral wall, including a boundary that runs along the basal and apical ends of the hypochiasmatic cartilage. Based on the knowledge that as osteoblasts differentiate from CNC- and PM-derived mesenchyme, the differentiating cells express the transcription factor genes RUNX2 and osterix (OSX), we created a new transgenic mouse line called R2Tom. R2Tom mice carry a tdTomato reporter gene joined with an evolutionarily well-conserved enhancer sequence of RUNX2. R2Tom mice crossed with Osx-GFP mice yield R2Tom;Osx-GFP double transgenic mice in which various stages of osteoblasts and their precursors are detected with different fluorescent reporters. We use the R2Tom;Osx-GFP mice, new data on the cell derivation of cranial cartilages, histology, immunohistochemistry, and detailed morphological observations combined with data from other investigators to summarize the differentiation of cranial mesenchyme as it forms condensations that become chondrocranial cartilages and associated dermal bones of the lateral cranial wall. These data advance our previous findings of a tendency of cranial cartilage and dermal bone development to vary jointly in a coordinated manner, promoting a role for cranial cartilages in intramembranous bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kathleen Pitirri
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joan T Richtsmeier
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mizuho Kawasaki
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail P Coupe
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan Motch Perrine
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Kawasaki
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Packard M, Gilbert MC, Tetrault E, Albertson RC. Zebrafish crocc2 mutants exhibit divergent craniofacial shape, misregulated variability, and aberrant cartilage morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1026-1045. [PMID: 37032317 PMCID: PMC10524572 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic variation is of paramount importance in development, evolution, and human health; however, the molecular mechanisms that influence organ shape and shape variability are not well understood. During craniofacial development, the behavior of skeletal precursors is regulated by both biochemical and environmental inputs, and the primary cilia play critical roles in transducing both types of signals. Here, we examine a gene that encodes a key constituent of the ciliary rootlets, crocc2, and its role in cartilage morphogenesis in larval zebrafish. RESULTS Geometric morphometric analysis of crocc2 mutants revealed altered craniofacial shapes and expanded variation. At the cellular level, we observed altered chondrocyte shapes and planar cell polarity across multiple stages in crocc2 mutants. Notably, cellular defects were specific to areas that experience direct mechanical input. Cartilage cell number, apoptosis, and bone patterning were not affected in crocc2 mutants. CONCLUSIONS Whereas "regulatory" genes are widely implicated in patterning the craniofacial skeleton, genes that encode "structural" aspects of the cell are increasingly implicated in shaping the face. Our results add crocc2 to this list, and demonstrate that it affects craniofacial geometry and canalizes phenotypic variation. We propose that it does so via mechanosensing, possibly through the ciliary rootlet. If true, this would implicate a new organelle in skeletal development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Packard
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - Michelle C. Gilbert
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
- Current address, Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Emily Tetrault
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - R. Craig Albertson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
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27
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Nguyen TT, Mitchell JM, Kiel MD, Jones KL, Williams TJ, Nichols JT, Van Otterloo E. TFAP2 paralogs regulate midfacial development in part through a conserved ALX genetic pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545376. [PMID: 37398373 PMCID: PMC10312788 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cranial neural crest development is governed by positional gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Fine-tuning of the GRN components underly facial shape variation, yet how those in the midface are connected and activated remain poorly understood. Here, we show that concerted inactivation of Tfap2a and Tfap2b in the murine neural crest even during the late migratory phase results in a midfacial cleft and skeletal abnormalities. Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq profiling reveal that loss of both Tfap2 members dysregulated numerous midface GRN components involved in midface fusion, patterning, and differentiation. Notably, Alx1/3/4 (Alx) transcript levels are reduced, while ChIP-seq analyses suggest TFAP2 directly and positively regulates Alx gene expression. TFAP2 and ALX co-expression in midfacial neural crest cells of both mouse and zebrafish further implies conservation of this regulatory axis across vertebrates. Consistent with this notion, tfap2a mutant zebrafish present abnormal alx3 expression patterns, and the two genes display a genetic interaction in this species. Together, these data demonstrate a critical role for TFAP2 in regulating vertebrate midfacial development in part through ALX transcription factor gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T Nguyen
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jennyfer M Mitchell
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michaela D Kiel
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Trevor J Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James T Nichols
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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Timberlake AT. SMAD6 variants in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:611-612. [PMID: 36797468 PMCID: PMC10250304 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Timberlake
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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29
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Kong L, Zhao H, Wang F, Zhang R, Yao X, Zuo R, Li J, Xu J, Qian Y, Kang Q, Fan C. Endocrine modulation of brain-skeleton axis driven by neural stem cell-derived perilipin 5 in the lipid metabolism homeostasis for bone regeneration. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1293-1312. [PMID: 36760127 PMCID: PMC10188646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors released from the nervous system always play crucial roles in modulating bone metabolism and regeneration. How the brain-driven endocrine axes maintain bone homeostasis, especially under metabolic disorders, remains obscure. Here, we found that neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in the subventricular zone participated in lipid metabolism homeostasis of regenerative bone through exosomal perilipin 5 (PLIN5). Fluorescence-labeled exosomes tracing and histological detection identified that NSC-derived exosomes (NSC-Exo) could travel from the lateral ventricle into bone injury sites. Homocysteine (Hcy) led to osteogenic and angiogenic impairment, whereas the NSC-Exo were confirmed to restore it. Mecobalamin, a clinically used neurotrophic drug, further enhanced the protective effects of NSC-Exo through increased PLIN5 expression. Mechanistically, NSC-derived PLIN5 reversed excessive Hcy-induced lipid metabolic imbalance and aberrant lipid droplet accumulation through lipophagy-dependent intracellular lipolysis. Intracerebroventricular administration of mecobalamin and/or AAV-shPlin5 confirmed the effects of PLIN5-driven endocrine modulations on new bone formation and vascular reconstruction in hyperhomocysteinemic and high-fat diet models. This study uncovered a novel brain-skeleton axis that NSCs in the mammalian brain modulated bone regeneration through PLIN5-driven lipid metabolism modulation, providing evidence for lipid- or bone-targeted medicine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Haoyu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Xiangyun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Rongtai Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
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30
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Liang Y, Song C, Li J, Li T, Zhang C, Zou Y. Morphometric analysis of the size-adjusted linear dimensions of the skull landmarks revealed craniofacial dysmorphology in Mid1-cKO mice. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:68. [PMID: 36759768 PMCID: PMC9912615 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early craniofacial development is a highly coordinated process involving neural crest cell migration, proliferation, epithelial apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Both genetic defects and environmental factors can affect these processes and result in orofacial clefts. Mutations in MID1 gene cause X-linked Opitz Syndrome (OS), which is a congenital malformation characterized by craniofacial defects including cleft lip/palate (CLP). Previous studies demonstrated impaired neurological structure and function in Mid1 knockout mice, while no CLP was observed. However, given the highly variable severities of the facial manifestations observed in OS patients within the same family carrying identical genetic defects, subtle craniofacial malformations in Mid1 knockout mice could be overlooked in these studies. Therefore, we propose that a detailed morphometric analysis should be necessary to reveal mild craniofacial dysmorphologies that reflect the similar developmental defects seen in OS patients. RESULTS In this research, morphometric study of the P0 male Mid1-cKO mice were performed using Procrustes superimposition as well as EMDA analysis of the size-adjusted three-dimensional coordinates of 105 skull landmarks, which were collected on the bone surface reconstructed using microcomputed tomographic images. Our results revealed the craniofacial deformation such as the increased dimension of the frontal and nasal bone in Mid1-cKO mice, in line with the most prominent facial features such as hypertelorism, prominent forehead, broad and/or high nasal bridge seen in OS patients. CONCLUSION While been extensively used in evolutionary biology and anthropology in the last decades, geometric morphometric analysis was much less used in developmental biology. Given the high interspecies variances in facial anatomy, the work presented in this research suggested the advantages of morphometric analysis in characterizing animal models of craniofacial developmental defects to reveal phenotypic variations and the underlining pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Liang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Song
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieli Li
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yi Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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Gross JB, Berning D, Phelps A, Luc H. An analysis of lateralized neural crest marker expression across development in the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1074616. [PMID: 36875772 PMCID: PMC9975491 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1074616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological basis of lateralized cranial aberrations can be rooted in early asymmetric patterning of developmental tissues. However, precisely how development impacts natural cranial asymmetries remains incompletely understood. Here, we examined embryonic patterning of the cranial neural crest at two phases of embryonic development in a natural animal system with two morphotypes: cave-dwelling and surface-dwelling fish. Surface fish are highly symmetric with respect to cranial form at adulthood, however adult cavefish harbor diverse cranial asymmetries. To examine if lateralized aberrations of the developing neural crest underpin these asymmetries, we used an automated technique to quantify the area and expression level of cranial neural crest markers on the left and right sides of the embryonic head. We examined the expression of marker genes encoding both structural proteins and transcription factors at two key stages of development: 36 hpf (∼mid-migration of the neural crest) and 72 hpf (∼early differentiation of neural crest derivatives). Interestingly, our results revealed asymmetric biases at both phases of development in both morphotypes, however consistent lateral biases were less common in surface fish as development progressed. Additionally, this work provides the information on neural crest development, based on whole-mount expression patterns of 19 genes, between stage-matched cave and surface morphs. Further, this study revealed 'asymmetric' noise as a likely normative component of early neural crest development in natural Astyanax fish. Mature cranial asymmetries in cave morphs may arise from persistence of asymmetric processes during development, or as a function of asymmetric processes occurring later in the life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Berning
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ayana Phelps
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Heidi Luc
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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32
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Rose CS. The cellular basis of cartilage growth and shape change in larval and metamorphosing Xenopus frogs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277110. [PMID: 36634116 PMCID: PMC9836273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first and sometimes only skeletal tissue to appear, cartilage plays a fundamental role in the development and evolution of vertebrate body shapes. This is especially true for amphibians whose largely cartilaginous feeding skeleton exhibits unparalleled ontogenetic and phylogenetic diversification as a consequence of metamorphosis. Fully understanding the evolutionary history, evolvability and regenerative potential of cartilage requires in-depth analysis of how chondrocytes drive growth and shape change. This study is a cell-level description of the larval growth and postembryonic shape change of major cartilages of the feeding skeleton of a metamorphosing amphibian. Histology and immunohistochemistry are used to describe and quantify patterns and trends in chondrocyte size, shape, division, death, and arrangement, and in percent matrix from hatchling to froglet for the lower jaw, hyoid and branchial arch cartilages of Xenopus laevis. The results are interpreted and integrated into programs of cell behaviors that account for the larval growth and histology, and metamorphic remodeling of each element. These programs provide a baseline for investigating hormone-mediated remodeling, cartilage regeneration, and intrinsic shape regulating mechanisms. These programs also contain four features not previously described in vertebrates: hypertrophied chondrocytes being rejuvenated by rapid cell cycling to a prechondrogenic size and shape; chondrocytes dividing and rearranging to reshape a cartilage; cartilage that lacks a perichondrium and grows at single-cell dimensions; and an adult cartilage forming de novo in the center of a resorbing larval one. Also, the unexpected superimposition of cell behaviors for shape change onto ones for larval growth and the unprecedented exploitation of very large and small cell sizes provide new directions for investigating the development and evolution of skeletal shape and metamorphic ontogenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Rose
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Aksel S, Cao M, Derpinghaus A, Baskin LS, Cunha GR. Ontogeny of mouse Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells from embryonic day 10 to adulthood. Differentiation 2023; 129:96-108. [PMID: 35317954 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive description of the differentiating somatic cell types (Sertoli, Leydig, and peritubular myoid cells) of the mouse testis from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) to adulthood, postnatal day 60 (P60). Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze expression of: Sox9 (a Sertoli cell marker), 3βHSD-1 (a fetal Leydig cell marker), 3βHSD-6 (an adult Leydig cell marker), α-actin (a peritubular myoid cell marker), and androgen receptor (a marker of all three somatic cell types). The temporal-spatial expression of these markers was used to interrogate findings of earlier experimental studies on the origin of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells, as well as extend previous descriptive studies across a broader developmental period (E10.5-P60). Such comparisons demonstrate inconsistencies that require further examination and raise questions regarding conservation of developmental mechanisms across higher vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Aksel
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mei Cao
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Amber Derpinghaus
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Laurence S Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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34
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Fitriasari S, Trainor PA. Gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of common craniofacial anomalies. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:139-168. [PMID: 36707210 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial anomalies often exhibit phenotype variability and non-mendelian inheritance due to their multifactorial origin, involving both genetic and environmental factors. A combination of epidemiologic studies, genome-wide association, and analysis of animal models have provided insight into the effects of gene-environment interactions on craniofacial and brain development and the pathogenesis of congenital disorders. In this chapter, we briefly summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of common craniofacial anomalies, focusing on orofacial clefts, hemifacial microsomia, and microcephaly. We then discuss how environmental risk factors interact with genes to modulate the incidence and phenotype severity of craniofacial anomalies. Identifying environmental risk factors and dissecting their interaction with different genes and modifiers is central to improved strategies for preventing craniofacial anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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35
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Zhao X, Tang L, Le TP, Nguyen BH, Chen W, Zheng M, Yamaguchi H, Dawson B, You S, Martinez-Traverso IM, Erhardt S, Wang J, Li M, Martin JF, Lee BH, Komatsu Y, Wang J. Yap and Taz promote osteogenesis and prevent chondrogenesis in neural crest cells in vitro and in vivo. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabn9009. [PMID: 36282910 PMCID: PMC9938793 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn9009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into multiple cell types, including the osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and constitute most of the craniofacial skeleton. Here, we show through in vitro and in vivo studies that the transcriptional regulators Yap and Taz have redundant functions as key determinants of the specification and differentiation of NCCs into osteoblasts or chondrocytes. Primary and cultured NCCs deficient in Yap and Taz switched from osteogenesis to chondrogenesis, and NCC-specific deficiency for Yap and Taz resulted in bone loss and ectopic cartilage in mice. Yap bound to the regulatory elements of key genes that govern osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in NCCs and directly regulated the expression of these genes, some of which also contained binding sites for the TCF/LEF transcription factors that interact with the Wnt effector β-catenin. During differentiation of NCCs in vitro and NCC-derived osteogenesis in vivo, Yap and Taz promoted the expression of osteogenic genes such as Runx2 and Sp7 but repressed the expression of chondrogenic genes such as Sox9 and Col2a1. Furthermore, Yap and Taz interacted with β-catenin in NCCs to coordinately promote osteoblast differentiation and repress chondrogenesis. Together, our data indicate that Yap and Taz promote osteogenesis in NCCs and prevent chondrogenesis, partly through interactions with the Wnt-β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Tram P. Le
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bao H. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, US
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shuangjie You
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,MD Anderson Cancer Center and UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Idaliz M. Martinez-Traverso
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, US
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,MD Anderson Cancer Center and UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Min Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, US,Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Brendan H. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,MD Anderson Cancer Center and UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,MD Anderson Cancer Center and UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Corresponding author.
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36
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Liu C, Zhou N, Li N, Xu T, Chen X, Zhou H, Xie A, Liu H, Zhu L, Wang S, Xiao J. Disrupted tenogenesis in masseter as a potential cause of micrognathia. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:50. [PMID: 36257937 PMCID: PMC9579150 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Micrognathia is a severe craniofacial deformity affecting appearance and survival. Previous studies revealed that multiple factors involved in the osteogenesis of mandibular bone have contributed to micrognathia, but concerned little on factors other than osteogenesis. In the current study, we found that ectopic activation of Fgf8 by Osr2-cre in the presumptive mesenchyme for masseter tendon in mice led to micrognathia, masseter regression, and the disrupted patterning and differentiation of masseter tendon. Since Myf5-cre;Rosa26R-Fgf8 mice exhibited the normal masseter and mandibular bone, the possibility that the micrognathia and masseter regression resulted directly from the over-expressed Fgf8 was excluded. Further investigation disclosed that a series of chondrogenic markers were ectopically activated in the developing Osr2-cre;Rosa26R-Fgf8 masseter tendon, while the mechanical sensing in the masseter and mandibular bone was obviously reduced. Thus, it suggested that the micrognathia in Osr2-cre;Rosa26R-Fgf8 mice resulted secondarily from the reduced mechanical force transmitted to mandibular bone. Consistently, when tenogenic or myogenic components were deleted from the developing mandibles, both the micrognathia and masseter degeneration took place with the decreased mechanical sensing in mandibular bone, which verified that the loss of mechanical force transmitted by masseter tendon could result in micrognathia. Furthermore, it appeared that the micrognathia resulting from the disrupted tenogenesis was attributed to the impaired osteogenic specification, instead of the differentiation in the periosteal progenitors. Our findings disclose a novel mechanism for mandibular morphogenesis, and shed light on the prevention and treatment for micrognathia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Hailing Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Ailun Xie
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China. .,Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China. .,Academician Laboratory of Immunology and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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37
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Acetaminophen Disrupts the Development of Pharyngeal Arch-Derived Cartilage and Muscle in Zebrafish. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10030030. [PMID: 35893125 PMCID: PMC9326545 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a common analgesic, but its potential effects on early embryonic development are not well understood. Previous studies using zebrafish (Danio rerio) have described the effects of acetaminophen on liver development and physiology, and a few have described gross physiological and morphological defects. Using a high but non-embryonic lethal dose of acetaminophen, we probed for defects in zebrafish craniofacial cartilage development. Strikingly, acetaminophen treatment caused severe craniofacial cartilage defects, primarily affecting both the presence and morphology of pharyngeal arch-derived cartilages of the viscerocranium. Delaying acetaminophen treatment restored developing cartilages in an order correlated with their corresponding pharyngeal arches, suggesting that acetaminophen may target pharyngeal arch development. Craniofacial cartilages are derived from cranial neural crest cells; however, many neural crest cells were still seen along their expected migration paths, and most remaining cartilage precursors expressed the neural crest markers sox9a and sox10, then eventually col2a1 (type II collagen). Therefore, the defects are not primarily due to an early breakdown of neural crest or cartilage differentiation. Instead, apoptosis is increased around the developing pharyngeal arches prior to chondrogenesis, further suggesting that acetaminophen may target pharyngeal arch development. Many craniofacial muscles, which develop in close proximity to the affected cartilages, were also absent in treated larvae. Taken together, these results suggest that high amounts of acetaminophen can disrupt multiple aspects of craniofacial development in zebrafish.
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38
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Newton AH. Marsupials and Multi-Omics: Establishing New Comparative Models of Neural Crest Patterning and Craniofacial Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:941168. [PMID: 35813210 PMCID: PMC9260703 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.941168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies across vertebrates have revealed significant insights into the processes that drive craniofacial morphogenesis, yet we still know little about how distinct facial morphologies are patterned during development. Studies largely point to evolution in GRNs of cranial progenitor cell types such as neural crest cells, as the major driver underlying adaptive cranial shapes. However, this hypothesis requires further validation, particularly within suitable models amenable to manipulation. By utilizing comparative models between related species, we can begin to disentangle complex developmental systems and identify the origin of species-specific patterning. Mammals present excellent evolutionary examples to scrutinize how these differences arise, as sister clades of eutherians and marsupials possess suitable divergence times, conserved cranial anatomies, modular evolutionary patterns, and distinct developmental heterochrony in their NCC behaviours and craniofacial patterning. In this review, I lend perspectives into the current state of mammalian craniofacial biology and discuss the importance of establishing a new marsupial model, the fat-tailed dunnart, for comparative research. Through detailed comparisons with the mouse, we can begin to decipher mammalian conserved, and species-specific processes and their contribution to craniofacial patterning and shape disparity. Recent advances in single-cell multi-omics allow high-resolution investigations into the cellular and molecular basis of key developmental processes. As such, I discuss how comparative evolutionary application of these tools can provide detailed insights into complex cellular behaviours and expression dynamics underlying adaptive craniofacial evolution. Though in its infancy, the field of "comparative evo-devo-omics" presents unparalleled opportunities to precisely uncover how phenotypic differences arise during development.
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Mutation of foxl1 Results in Reduced Cartilage Markers in a Zebrafish Model of Otosclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071107. [PMID: 35885890 PMCID: PMC9319681 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases such as otosclerosis (conductive hearing loss) and osteoporosis (low bone mineral density) can result from the abnormal expression of genes that regulate cartilage and bone development. The forkhead box transcription factor FOXL1 has been identified as the causative gene in a family with autosomal dominant otosclerosis and has been reported as a candidate gene in GWAS meta-analyses for osteoporosis. This potentially indicates a novel role for foxl1 in chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone remodelling. We created a foxl1 mutant zebrafish strain as a model for otosclerosis and osteoporosis and examined jaw bones that are homologous to the mammalian middle ear bones, and mineralization of the axial skeleton. We demonstrate that foxl1 regulates the expression of collagen genes such as collagen type 1 alpha 1a and collagen type 11 alpha 2, and results in a delay in jawbone mineralization, while the axial skeleton remains unchanged. foxl1 may also act with other forkhead genes such as foxc1a, as loss of foxl1 in a foxc1a mutant background increases the severity of jaw calcification phenotypes when compared to each mutant alone. Our zebrafish model demonstrates atypical cartilage formation and mineralization in the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton in foxl1 mutants and demonstrates that aberrant collagen expression may underlie the development of otosclerosis.
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Gustafson CM, Roffers-Agarwal J, Gammill LS. Chick cranial neural crest cells release extracellular vesicles that are critical for their migration. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260272. [PMID: 35635292 PMCID: PMC9270958 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The content and activity of extracellular vesicles purified from cell culture media or bodily fluids have been studied extensively; however, the physiological relevance of exosomes within normal biological systems is poorly characterized, particularly during development. Although exosomes released by invasive metastatic cells alter migration of neighboring cells in culture, it is unclear whether cancer cells misappropriate exosomes released by healthy differentiated cells or reactivate dormant developmental programs that include exosome cell-cell communication. Using chick cranial neural fold cultures, we show that migratory neural crest cells, a developmentally critical cell type and model for metastasis, release and deposit CD63-positive 30-100 nm particles into the extracellular environment. Neural crest cells contain ceramide-rich multivesicular bodies and produce larger vesicles positive for migrasome markers as well. We conclude that neural crest cells produce extracellular vesicles including exosomes and migrasomes. When Rab27a plasma membrane docking is inhibited, neural crest cells become less polarized and rounded, leading to a loss of directional migration and reduced speed. These results indicate that neural crest cell exosome release is critical for migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie M. Gustafson
- Departmentof Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julaine Roffers-Agarwal
- Departmentof Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura S. Gammill
- Departmentof Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Dash S, Trainor PA. Nucleolin loss of function leads to aberrant Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling and craniofacial anomalies. Development 2022; 149:dev200349. [PMID: 35762670 PMCID: PMC9270975 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription and ribosome biogenesis are global processes required for growth and proliferation of all cells, yet perturbation of these processes in vertebrates leads to tissue-specific defects termed ribosomopathies. Mutations in rRNA transcription and processing proteins often lead to craniofacial anomalies; however, the cellular and molecular reasons for these defects are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the function of the most abundant nucleolar phosphoprotein, Nucleolin (Ncl), in vertebrate development. ncl mutant (ncl-/-) zebrafish present with craniofacial anomalies such as mandibulofacial hypoplasia. We observed that ncl-/- mutants exhibited decreased rRNA synthesis and p53-dependent apoptosis, consistent with a role in ribosome biogenesis. However, we found that Nucleolin also performs functions not associated with ribosome biogenesis. We discovered that the half-life of fgf8a mRNA was reduced in ncl-/- mutants, which perturbed Fgf signaling, resulting in misregulated Sox9a-mediated chondrogenesis and Runx2-mediated osteogenesis. Consistent with this model, exogenous FGF8 treatment significantly rescued the cranioskeletal phenotype in ncl-/- zebrafish, suggesting that Nucleolin regulates osteochondroprogenitor differentiation. Our work has therefore uncovered tissue-specific functions for Nucleolin in rRNA transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of growth factor signaling during embryonic craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Dash
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Paul A. Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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42
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Yahya I, Böing M, Hockman D, Brand-Saberi B, Morosan-Puopolo G. The Emergence of Embryonic Myosin Heavy Chain during Branchiomeric Muscle Development. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060785. [PMID: 35743816 PMCID: PMC9224566 DOI: 10.3390/life12060785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A prerequisite for discovering the properties and therapeutic potential of branchiomeric muscles is an understanding of their fate determination, pattering and differentiation. Although the expression of differentiation markers such as myosin heavy chain (MyHC) during trunk myogenesis has been more intensively studied, little is known about its expression in the developing branchiomeric muscle anlagen. To shed light on this, we traced the onset of MyHC expression in the facial and neck muscle anlagen by using the whole-mount in situ hybridization between embryonic days E9.5 and E15.5 in the mouse. Unlike trunk muscle, the facial and neck muscle anlagen express MyHC at late stages. Within the branchiomeric muscles, our results showed variation in the emergence of MyHC expression. MyHC was first detected in the first arch-derived muscle anlagen, while its expression in the second arch-derived muscle and non-somitic neck muscle began at a later time point. Additionally, we show that non-ectomesenchymal neural crest invasion of the second branchial arch is delayed compared with that of the first brachial arch in chicken embryos. Thus, our findings reflect the timing underlying branchiomeric muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imadeldin Yahya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan;
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (M.B.); (B.B.-S.)
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Marion Böing
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (M.B.); (B.B.-S.)
| | - Dorit Hockman
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (M.B.); (B.B.-S.)
| | - Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (M.B.); (B.B.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Justice CM, Musolf AM, Cuellar A, Lattanzi W, Simeonov E, Kaneva R, Paschall J, Cunningham M, Wilkie AOM, Wilson AF, Romitti PA, Boyadjiev SA. Targeted Sequencing of Candidate Regions Associated with Sagittal and Metopic Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:816. [PMID: 35627201 PMCID: PMC9141801 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis (CS) is a major birth defect in which one or more skull sutures fuse prematurely. We previously performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for sagittal non-syndromic CS (sNCS), identifying associations downstream from BMP2 on 20p12.3 and intronic to BBS9 on 7p14.3; analyses of imputed variants in DLG1 on 3q29 were also genome-wide significant. We followed this work with a GWAS for metopic non-syndromic NCS (mNCS), discovering a significant association intronic to BMP7 on 20q13.31. In the current study, we sequenced the associated regions on 3q29, 7p14.3, and 20p12.3, including two candidate genes (BMP2 and BMPER) near some of these regions in 83 sNCS child-parent trios, and sequenced regions on 7p14.3 and 20q13.2-q13.32 in 80 mNCS child-parent trios. These child-parent trios were selected from the original GWAS cohorts if the probands carried at least one copy of the top associated GWAS variant (rs1884302 C allele for sNCS; rs6127972 T allele for mNCS). Many of the variants sequenced in these targeted regions are strongly predicted to be within binding sites for transcription factors involved in craniofacial development or bone morphogenesis. Variants enriched in more than one trio and predicted to be damaging to gene function are prioritized for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Justice
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (C.M.J.); (A.F.W.)
| | - Anthony M. Musolf
- Statistical Genetics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Araceli Cuellar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emil Simeonov
- Pediatric Clinic, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Justin Paschall
- Bioinformatics Core, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Michael Cunningham
- Seattle Children’s Craniofacial Center, Center of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;
| | - Andrew O. M. Wilkie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Alexander F. Wilson
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (C.M.J.); (A.F.W.)
| | - Paul A. Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Simeon A. Boyadjiev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA;
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Yang X, Tian S, Fan L, Niu R, Yan M, Chen S, Zheng M, Zhang S. Integrated regulation of chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells and differentiation of cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:169. [PMID: 35488254 PMCID: PMC9052535 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is the formation of chondrocytes and cartilage tissues and starts with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment and migration, condensation of progenitors, chondrocyte differentiation, and maturation. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs depends on co-regulation of many exogenous and endogenous factors including specific microenvironmental signals, non-coding RNAs, physical factors existed in culture condition, etc. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit self-renewal capacity, pluripotency and cellular plasticity, which have the potential to differentiate into post-mitotic and benign cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that CSCs can be induced to differentiate into various benign cells including adipocytes, fibrocytes, osteoblast, and so on. Retinoic acid has been widely used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Previous study confirmed that polyploid giant cancer cells, a type of cancer stem-like cells, could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. In this review, we will summarize signaling pathways and cytokines in chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Understanding the molecular mechanism of chondrogenic differentiation of CSCs and cancer cells may provide new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Tian
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Niu
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Yan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Palmquist-Gomes P, Marín-Sedeño E, Ruiz-Villalba A, Rico-Llanos GA, Pérez-Pomares JM, Guadix JA. In Vivo and In Vitro Cartilage Differentiation from Embryonic Epicardial Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073614. [PMID: 35408974 PMCID: PMC8999123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cartilage tissue in the embryonic and adult hearts of different vertebrate species is a well-recorded fact. However, while the embryonic neural crest has been historically considered as the main source of cardiac cartilage, recently reported results on the wide connective potential of epicardial lineage cells suggest they could also differentiate into chondrocytes. In this work, we describe the formation of cardiac cartilage clusters from proepicardial cells, both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings report, for the first time, cartilage formation from epicardial progenitor cells, and strongly support the concept of proepicardial cells as multipotent connective progenitors. These results are relevant to our understanding of cardiac cell complexity and the responses of cardiac connective tissues to pathologic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Palmquist-Gomes
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29080 Malaga, Spain; (P.P.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-V.)
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Universidad de Malaga, c/Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas, Junta de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ernesto Marín-Sedeño
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29080 Malaga, Spain; (P.P.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-V.)
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Universidad de Malaga, c/Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas, Junta de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Adrián Ruiz-Villalba
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29080 Malaga, Spain; (P.P.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-V.)
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Universidad de Malaga, c/Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas, Junta de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Rico-Llanos
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Malaga, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, IBIMA, University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
| | - José María Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29080 Malaga, Spain; (P.P.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-V.)
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Universidad de Malaga, c/Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas, Junta de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.-P.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Juan Antonio Guadix
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29080 Malaga, Spain; (P.P.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-V.)
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Universidad de Malaga, c/Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas, Junta de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.-P.); (J.A.G.)
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Regulation of MDM2 E3 ligase-dependent vascular calcification by MSX1/2. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1781-1791. [PMID: 34845330 PMCID: PMC8639964 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification increases morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular and renal diseases. Previously, we reported that histone deacetylase 1 prevents vascular calcification, whereas its E3 ligase, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), induces vascular calcification. In the present study, we identified the upstream regulator of MDM2. By utilizing cellular models and transgenic mice, we confirmed that E3 ligase activity is required for vascular calcification. By promoter analysis, we found that both msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) and msh homeobox 2 (Msx2) bound to the MDM2 promoter region, which resulted in transcriptional activation of MDM2. The expression levels of both Msx1 and Msx2 were increased in mouse models of vascular calcification and in calcified human coronary arteries. Msx1 and Msx2 potentiated vascular calcification in cellular and mouse models in an MDM2-dependent manner. Our results establish a novel role for MSX1/MSX2 in the transcriptional activation of MDM2 and the resultant increase in MDM2 E3 ligase activity during vascular calcification. The identification of a signaling pathway involved in triggering vascular calcification, the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in blood vessels, could inform new therapeutic interventions for related cardiovascular complications. Vascular calcification causes significant complications in patients with metabolic syndrome, renal failure, or cardiovascular disease. In their previous work, Hyun Kook and Duk-Hwa Kwon at Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea, and coworkers demonstrated that the E3 ligase activity of a protein called MDM2 induces calcification. Now, following further mouse trials, the team have identified an upstream signaling pathway involving several development proteins such as MSX1 and MSX2 which activate MDM2. The activation of this signaling axis leads to the degradation of a key protein that would otherwise prevent calcification. The results may provide a platform for novel therapies targeting the condition.
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Deng J, Wang S, Li N, Chen X, Wang B, Liu H, Zhu L, Cong W, Xiao J, Liu C. Noggin Overexpression Impairs the Development of Muscles, Tendons, and Aponeurosis in Soft Palates by Disrupting BMP-Smad and Shh-Gli1 Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:711334. [PMID: 34557486 PMCID: PMC8453081 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.711334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in palatogenesis were well documented in the developing hard palate; however, little is known about how BMP signaling regulates the development of soft palate. In this study, we overexpressed Noggin transgene via Osr2-cre KI allele to suppress BMP signaling in the developing soft palate. We found that BMP-Smad signaling was detected in the palatal muscles and surrounding mesenchyme. When BMP-Smad signaling was suppressed by the overexpressed Noggin, the soft palatal shelves were reduced in size with the hypoplastic muscles and the extroversive hypophosphatasia (HPP). The downregulated cell proliferation and survival in the Osr2-cre KI ;pMes-Noggin soft palates were suggested to result from the repressed Shh transcription and Gli1 activity, implicating that the BMP-Shh-Gli1 network played a similar role in soft palate development as in the hard palate. The downregulated Sox9, Tenascin-C (TnC), and Col1 expression in Osr2-cre KI ;pMes-Noggin soft palate indicated the impaired differentiation of the aponeurosis and tendons, which was suggested to result in the hypoplasia of palatal muscles. Intriguingly, in the Myf5-cre KI ;pMes-Noggin and the Myf5-cre KI ;Rosa26R-DTA soft palates, the hypoplastic or abrogated muscles affected little the fusion of soft palate. Although the Scx, Tnc, and Co1 transcription was significantly repressed in the tenogenic mesenchyme of the Myf5-cre KI ;pMes-Noggin soft palate, the Sox9 expression, and the Tnc and Col1 transcription in aponeurosis mesenchyme were almost unaffected. It implicated that the fusion of soft palate was controlled by the mesenchymal clues at the tensor veli palatini (TVP) and levator veli palatini (LVP) levels, but by the myogenic components at the palatopharyngeus (PLP) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Deng
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shangqi Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Biying Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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48
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Roffers-Agarwal J, Lidberg KA, Gammill LS. The lysine methyltransferase SETD2 is a dynamically expressed regulator of early neural crest development. Genesis 2021; 59:e23448. [PMID: 34498354 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SETD2 is a histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) tri-methylase that is upregulated in response to neural crest induction. Because the H3K36 di-methylase NSD3 and cytoplasmic non-histone protein methylation are necessary for neural crest development, we investigated the expression and requirement for SETD2 in the neural crest. SetD2 is expressed throughout the chick blastoderm beginning at gastrulation. Subsequently, SetD2 mRNA becomes restricted to the neural plate, where it is strongly and dynamically expressed as neural tissue is regionalized and cell fate decisions are made. This includes expression in premigratory neural crest cells, which is downregulated prior to migration. Likely due to the early onset of its expression, SETD2 morpholino knockdown does not significantly alter premigratory Sox10 expression or neural crest migration; however, both are disrupted by a methyltransferase mutant SETD2 construct. These results suggest that SETD2 activity is essential for early neural crest development, further demonstrating that lysine methylation is an important mechanism regulating the neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julaine Roffers-Agarwal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin A Lidberg
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura S Gammill
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Fabik J, Psutkova V, Machon O. The Mandibular and Hyoid Arches-From Molecular Patterning to Shaping Bone and Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7529. [PMID: 34299147 PMCID: PMC8303155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mandibular and hyoid arches collectively make up the facial skeleton, also known as the viscerocranium. Although all three germ layers come together to assemble the pharyngeal arches, the majority of tissue within viscerocranial skeletal components differentiates from the neural crest. Since nearly one third of all birth defects in humans affect the craniofacial region, it is important to understand how signalling pathways and transcription factors govern the embryogenesis and skeletogenesis of the viscerocranium. This review focuses on mouse and zebrafish models of craniofacial development. We highlight gene regulatory networks directing the patterning and osteochondrogenesis of the mandibular and hyoid arches that are actually conserved among all gnathostomes. The first part of this review describes the anatomy and development of mandibular and hyoid arches in both species. The second part analyses cell signalling and transcription factors that ensure the specificity of individual structures along the anatomical axes. The third part discusses the genes and molecules that control the formation of bone and cartilage within mandibular and hyoid arches and how dysregulation of molecular signalling influences the development of skeletal components of the viscerocranium. In conclusion, we notice that mandibular malformations in humans and mice often co-occur with hyoid malformations and pinpoint the similar molecular machinery controlling the development of mandibular and hyoid arches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Fabik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (V.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktorie Psutkova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (V.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Machon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (V.P.)
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Deng CC, Hu YF, Zhu DH, Cheng Q, Gu JJ, Feng QL, Zhang LX, Xu YP, Wang D, Rong Z, Yang B. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals fibroblast heterogeneity and increased mesenchymal fibroblasts in human fibrotic skin diseases. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3709. [PMID: 34140509 PMCID: PMC8211847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic skin disease represents a major global healthcare burden, characterized by fibroblast hyperproliferation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts are found to be heterogeneous in multiple fibrotic diseases, but fibroblast heterogeneity in fibrotic skin diseases is not well characterized. In this study, we explore fibroblast heterogeneity in keloid, a paradigm of fibrotic skin diseases, by using single-cell RNA-seq. Our results indicate that keloid fibroblasts can be divided into 4 subpopulations: secretory-papillary, secretory-reticular, mesenchymal and pro-inflammatory. Interestingly, the percentage of mesenchymal fibroblast subpopulation is significantly increased in keloid compared to normal scar. Functional studies indicate that mesenchymal fibroblasts are crucial for collagen overexpression in keloid. Increased mesenchymal fibroblast subpopulation is also found in another fibrotic skin disease, scleroderma, suggesting this is a broad mechanism for skin fibrosis. These findings will help us better understand skin fibrotic pathogenesis, and provide potential targets for fibrotic disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Deng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Fei Hu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Heng Zhu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Gu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Lan Feng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xue Zhang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ping Xu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhili Rong
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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