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REN P, WANG Q, BAI W, SUN M, LIU Z, GAO M, WANG L, PENG B, XU L. Identifying the effective combination of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs for postmenopausal osteoporosis therapy through studies of their molecular regulation of bone homeostasis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:212-219. [PMID: 38213257 PMCID: PMC10774716 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230904.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, as the population age, osteoporosis is becoming increasingly common, and osteoporotic fractures have a significant economic burden. Postmenopausal women are the most susceptible to developing osteoporosis and the most critical time to prevent it is during the perimenopausal and early menopausal years. In this regard, we hypothesize rational combination of acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the form of herbal extract could prevent osteoporosis in women. Estrogen deficiency during menopause causes low-level inflammation that stimulates the formation of osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, and simultaneously inhibits the viability and function of osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells. The most potent inflammatory cytokine in skeletal homeostasis is the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) that stimulates osteoclast function. Conversely, the canonical Wnt pathway is essential for osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, and estrogen deficiency leads to diminished functioning of this pathway. TCM and acupuncture could target the RANKL and the Wnt pathway in favorable ways to prevent the accelerated bone loss experienced during the early menopausal stage and promote the gain in bone mass in postmenopausal women. In this review, we propose a rational combination of specific TCM and acupuncture targeting those signaling molecules/pathways by the drugs that are in clinical use for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our rational approach revealed that Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) could exert a synergistic effect with acupuncture. We then propose a translational path for developing the putative combination in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis to curtail the risk of osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping REN
- 1 Department of Health Management, the Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Quanwu WANG
- 2 Department of Dirty Tuina, the affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Wei BAI
- 3 Department of Acupuncture, the affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Miao SUN
- 4 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the 924th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Foshan 528226, China
| | - Zheling LIU
- 5 Department of College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ming GAO
- 5 Department of College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Liang WANG
- 5 Department of College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Bo PENG
- 5 Department of College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Liguang XU
- 3 Department of Acupuncture, the affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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Zhao Y, Cai X, Sun J, Bi W, Yu Y. Active components and mechanisms of total flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae in enhancing cranial bone regeneration: An investigation employing serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117253. [PMID: 37778522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Drynariae, as the dried rhizome of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze ex Mett.) J. Sm., is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating the injury and bone broken of falling and beating. Total flavonoids is considered as the major and effective compounds for the therapeutic efficacy of Rhizoma Drynariae. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effect of total flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) on bone regeneration and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of TFRD in various doses on bone reconstruction in cranial bone defect rats was explored in vivo. The active ingredients in TFRD-medicated serum were characterized by serum pharmacochemistry and integrated by network pharmacology analysis and target prediction. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of TFRD on bone regeneration, experimental validation in vitro was executed to assess the influence of different concentrations of TFRD-medicated serum on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). RESULTS Micro-CT, histological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, and ELSA demonstrated that administration of TFRD could promote bone reconstruction in a rat cranial defect model. We identified 27 active components of TFRD using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results from CCK8, ALP, and Alizarin Red S staining revealed that TFRD-medicated serum notably enhanced BMSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. qRT-PCR and Western blot harvested results consistent with those predicted by network pharmacology, providing further evidence that TFRD activated the TGF-β signaling pathway to benefit bone regeneration. CONCLUSION The active components of TFRD modulate the TGF-β signaling pathway to facilitate osteogenesis, thereby repairing cranial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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Han L, Wang C, Wang T, Hu Y, Wang H. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae improves tendon-bone healing for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in mice and promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells by the ERR1/2-Gga1-TGF-β/MAPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:106-119. [PMID: 37665165 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD) is broadly used in the treatment of orthopedic diseases. Nevertheless, the effects and underlying mechanism of TFRD on tendon-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remain unclear. METHODS The ACLR mouse model was established. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining was used for histological analysis of tendon-bone healing. Western blot was utilized to detect the levels of osteogenic related factors (ALP, OCN, RUNX2). The viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and ALP assays. The interaction of estrogen related receptor alpha (ESRRA), estrogen related receptor beta (ESRRB), and golgi-localized γ-ear containing ADP ribosylation factor-binding protein 1 (Gga1) was detected by luciferase reporter assays. The levels of important proteins on the TGF-β/MAPK pathway were measured by western blot. RESULTS TFRD improved tendon-bone healing, restored biomechanics of ACLR mice and activated the TGF-β/MAPK pathway. TFRD treatment also enhanced the viability and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that TFRD targeted ESRRA and ESRRB to transcriptionally activate Gga1 expression. Knockdown of ESRRA, ESRRB, or Gga1 suppressed the viability and osteogenic differentiation of TFRD-induced BMSCs, which was revealed to be restored by Gga1 overexpression. The overexpression of ESRRA, ESRRB, or Gga1 was demonstrated to promote the BMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation. TGF-β1 treatment can reverse the impact of Gga1 inhibition on osteogenic differentiation in TFRD-induced BMSCs. CONCLUSION TFRD improves tendon-bone healing in ACLR mouse models and facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the ERR1/2-Gga1-TGF-β/MAPK pathway, which might deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanism of TFRD in tendon-bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Canfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yungeng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongshun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Yu L, Shen Y, Yang J, Feng X, Zhou C, Lin J. Enhancing cranial defect repair in rats: investigating the effect of combining Total Flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae with calcium phosphate/collagen scaffolds. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:903. [PMID: 38017558 PMCID: PMC10683164 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) in conjunction with a calcium phosphate/collagen scaffold for the repair of cranial defects in rats. METHODS The subjects, rats, were segregated into four groups: Control, TFRD, Scaffold, and TFRD + Scaffold. Cranial critical bone defects, 5 mm in diameter, were artificially induced through precise drilling. Post-surgery, at intervals of 2, 4, and 8 weeks, micro-CT scans were conducted to evaluate the progress of skull repair. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining techniques were applied to discern morphological disparities, and immunohistochemical staining was utilized to ascertain the expression levels of local osteogenic active factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and osteocalcin (OCN). RESULTS Upon examination at the 8-week mark, cranial defects in the Scaffold and TFRD + Scaffold cohorts manifested significant repair, with the latter group displaying only negligible foramina. Micro-CT examination unveiled relative to its counterparts, and the TFRD + Scaffold groups exhibited marked bone regeneration at the 4- and 8-week intervals. Notably, the TFRD + Scaffold group exhibited substantial bone defect repair compared to the TFRD and Scaffold groups throughout the entire observation period, while histomorphological assessment demonstrated a significantly higher collagen fiber content than the other groups after 2 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis further substantiated that the TFRD + Scaffold had augmented expression of BMP-2 at 2, 4 weeks and OCN at 2 weeks relative to other groups. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic application of TFRD and calcium phosphate/collagen scaffold has been shown to enhance bone mineralization, bone plasticity, and bone histomorphology especially during initial osteogenesis phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyang Shen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cytopathology, Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changlong Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Kumari S, Singh M, Nupur, Jain S, Verma N, Malik S, Rustagi S, Priya K. A review on therapeutic mechanism of medicinal plants against osteoporosis: effects of phytoconstituents. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9453-9468. [PMID: 37676432 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that over time results in bone loss and raises the risk of fracture. The condition is frequently silent and only becomes apparent when fractures develop. Osteoporosis is treated with pharmacotherapy as well as non-pharmacological therapies such as mineral supplements, lifestyle changes, and exercise routines. Herbal medicine is frequently used in clinical procedures because of its low risk of adverse effects and cost-effective therapeutic results. In the current review, we have used a thorough strategy to identify some known medicinal plants with anti-osteoporosis capabilities, their origin, active ingredients, and pharmacological information. Furthermore, several signaling pathways, such as the apoptotic pathway, transcription factors, the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway, and others, are regulated by bioactive components and help to improve bone homeostasis. This review will provide a better understanding of the anti-osteoporotic effects of bioactive components and the concomitant modulations of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge parkIII, Greater Noida, 201310, U.P., India
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge parkIII, Greater Noida, 201310, U.P., India
| | - Nupur
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge parkIII, Greater Noida, 201310, U.P., India
| | - Smita Jain
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge parkIII, Greater Noida, 201310, U.P., India
| | - Neha Verma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge parkIII, Greater Noida, 201310, U.P., India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Ranchi, 834002, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kanu Priya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge parkIII, Greater Noida, 201310, U.P., India.
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Shi GX, Sun WD, Chen ZH, Yang CJ, Luo WL, Wang DF, Zhou ZZ. Drynaria Naringin alleviated mechanical stress deficiency-caused bone loss deterioration via Rspo1/Lgr4-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:706-716. [PMID: 37831321 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic condition distinguished by the degradation of bone microstructure and mechanical characteristics. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been employed in China for the treatment of various illnesses. Naringin, an ingredient found in Drynariae TCM, is known to have a significant impact on bone metabolism. For this research, we studied the precise potential effect of Drynaria Naringin on protecting against bone loss caused by stress deficiency. In this study, a tail-suspension (TS) test was performed to establish a mouse model with hind leg bone loss. Some mice received subcutaneous injections of Drynaria Naringin for 30 d. Trabecular bone microarchitecture was evaluated using micro-computed tomography analysis and bone histological analysis. Bone formation and resorption markers were quantified in blood samples from mice or in the supernatant of MC3T3-E1 cells by ELISA analysis, Western blotting, and PCR. Immunofluorescence was utilized to visualize the location of β-catenin. Additionally, siRNA was employed to knockdown-specific genes in the cells. Our findings highlight the efficacy of Drynaria Naringin in protecting against the deterioration of bone loss and promoting bone formation and Rspo1 expression in a mouse model following the TS test. Specifically, in vitro experiments also indicated that Drynaria Naringin may promote osteogenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Moreover, our results suggest that Drynaria Naringin upregulates the expression of Rspo1/Lgr4, leading to the promotion of osteogenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Therefore, Drynaria Naringin holds potential as a therapeutic medication for osteoporosis. Drynaria Naringin alleviates bone loss deterioration caused by mechanical stress deficiency through the Rspo1/Lgr4-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xun Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Anting Hospital, Jiading District, Shanghai, 200805, China
| | - Wei-Dong Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Anting Hospital, Jiading District, Shanghai, 200805, China
| | - Zeng-Huan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Putuo Central Hospital, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Chuan-Jun Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Anting Hospital, Jiading District, Shanghai, 200805, China
| | - Wang-Lin Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Anting Hospital, Jiading District, Shanghai, 200805, China
| | - Dan-Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Anting Hospital, Jiading District, Shanghai, 200805, China
| | - Ze-Zhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Meng KL, Jiao MZ, Shi XG, Xu R, Cheng PX, Lv HT, Zheng XH, Xiao CN. A rapid approach to capture the potential bioactive compounds from Rhizoma Drynariae, utilizing disease-associated mutation in calcium sensing receptor to alter the binding affinity for agonists. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 226:115253. [PMID: 36657349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma Drynariae (RD) was used clinically to treat osteoporosis in China due to stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption, however, the bioactive constituents with the dual effect on bone are still unknown exactly. Disease-causing mutations in calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) can alter parathyroid hormone secretion and affect Ca2+ release from bone and Ca2+ reabsorption from kidney, which gives an indication that CaSR is a potential target for developing therapeutics to manage osteoporosis. Herein, a chromatographic approach was established, by immobilizing the mutant CaSR onto the surface of silica gels as stationary phase in a one-step procedure and then adding the different amino acids into mobile phase as competitors, for exploring the binding features of the known agonists and further screening ligands from RD. The mutant CaSR-coated column was prepared rapidly without the complicated purification and separation of the receptor, which had the large capacity of 13.1 mg CaSR /g silica gels and kept a good stability and specificity for at least 35 days. The CaSR mutation can weaken the binding affinities for three agonists, and the largest decreases occurred on the mutational site Thr151Met for neomycin, on the two sites of Asn118Lys and Glu191Lys for gentamicin-C, and on the site Phe612Ser for kanamycin, which gained new insights into their structure-function relationship. The potential bioactive compounds from RD were screened using the mutant CaSR-coated column and were recognized as coumaric acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, caffeic acid, and naringin using UPLC-MS. Among them, naringin targeting CaSR gives a possible explanation that RD could manage osteoporosis. These results indicated that, such a rapid and simple method, utilizing disease-associated mutation in CaSR to alter the binding affinity for agonists, can be applied in capturing the potential bioactive compounds efficiently from complex matrices like herb medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Meng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Mei-Zhi Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xian-Gang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Ru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Pei-Xuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Hui-Ting Lv
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Chao-Ni Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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Jiao Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Geng Q, Cao X, Zhang M, Zhao L, Deng T, Xu Y, Xiao C. Mechanisms by which kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs inhibit osteoclastogenesis: Emphasis on immune cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1077796. [PMID: 36814488 PMCID: PMC9939464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1077796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in regulating osteoclast formation and function and has significance for the occurrence and development of immune-mediated bone diseases. Kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs, based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to unify the kidney and strengthen the bone, have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. The common botanical drugs are tonifying kidney-yang and nourishing kidney-yin herbs, which are divided into two parts: one is the compound prescription of TCM, and the other is the single preparation of TCM and its active ingredients. These botanical drugs regulate osteoclastogenesis directly and indirectly by immune cells, however, we have limited information on the differences between the two botanical drugs in osteoimmunology. In this review, the mechanism by which kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs inhibiting osteoclastogenesis was investigated, emphasizing the immune response. The differences in the mechanism of action between tonifying kidney-yang herbs and nourishing kidney-yin herbs were analysed, and the therapeutic value for immune-mediated bone diseases was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qishun Geng
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of TCM Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Cheng Xiao,
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Cheng Xiao,
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Jayusman PA, Nasruddin NS, Baharin B, Ibrahim N'I, Ahmad Hairi H, Shuid AN. Overview on postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontitis: The therapeutic potential of phytoestrogens against alveolar bone loss. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1120457. [PMID: 36909165 PMCID: PMC9995413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and periodontitis are two major chronic diseases of postmenopausal women. The association between these two diseases are evident through systemic bone loss and alveolar bone loss. Both postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontitis impose a considerable personal and socioeconomic burden. Biphosphonate and hormone replacement therapy are effective in preventing bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontitis, but they are coupled with severe adverse effects. Phytoestrogens are plant-based estrogen-like compounds, which have been used for the treatment of menopause-related symptoms. In the last decades, numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been carried out to evaluate the therapeutic effects of phytoestrogens including bone health. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the bidirectional interrelationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontitis, summarize the skeletal effects of phytoestrogens and report the most studied phytoestrogens with promising alveolar bone protective effect in postmenopausal osteoporosis model, with and without experimental periodontitis. To date, there are limited studies on the effects of phytoestrogens on alveolar bone in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Phytoestrogens may have exerted their bone protective effect by inhibiting bone resorption and enhancing bone formation. With the reported findings on the protective effects of phytoestrogens on bone, well-designed trials are needed to better investigate their therapeutic effects. The compilation of outcomes presented in this review may provide an overview of the recent research findings in this field and direct further in vivo and clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Ayu Jayusman
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Badiah Baharin
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul 'Izzah Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haryati Ahmad Hairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wang M, An M, Fan MS, Zhang SS, Sun Z, Zhao Y, Xiang ZM, Sheng J. FAEE exerts a protective effect against osteoporosis by regulating the MAPK signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:467-478. [PMID: 35180021 PMCID: PMC8865110 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2039216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ferulic acid ethyl ester (FAEE) is abundant in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Apiaceae) and grains, and possesses diverse biological activities; but the effects of FAEE on osteoporosis has not been reported. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether FAEE can attenuate osteoclastogenesis and relieve ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via attenuating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). MATERIALS AND METHODS We stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) followed by FAEE. The roles of FAEE in osteoclast production and osteogenic resorption of mature osteoclasts were evaluated by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, expression of osteoclast-specific genes, proteins and MAPK. Ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered FAEE (20 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks to explore its potential in vivo, and then histology was undertaken in combination with cytokines analyses. RESULTS FAEE suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast formation (96 ± 0.88 vs. 15 ± 1.68) by suppressing the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, proteins and MAPK signalling pathway related proteins (p-ERK/ERK, p-JNK/JNK and p-P38/P38) in vitro. In addition, OVX rats exposed to FAEE maintained their normal calcium (Ca) (2.72 ± 0.02 vs. 2.63 ± 0.03, p < 0.05) balance, increased oestradiol levels (498.3 ± 9.43 vs. 398.7 ± 22.06, p < 0.05), simultaneously reduced levels of bone mineral density (BMD) (0.159 ± 0.0016 vs. 0.153 ± 0.0025, p < 0.05) and bone mineral content (BMC) (0.8 ± 0.0158 vs. 0.68 ± 0.0291, p < 0.01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that FAEE could be used to ameliorate osteoporosis by the MAPK signalling pathway, suggesting that FAEE could be a potential therapeutic candidate for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‑Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Meng‑Fei An
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Si Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Shi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Ze‑Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yun‑Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- Yun‑Li Zhao
| | - Ze-Min Xiang
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
- Ze-Min Xiang
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, P. R. China
- CONTACT Jun Sheng
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11
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Jin H, Jiang N, Xu W, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhang J, Xu H. Effect of flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae on osteoporosis rats and osteocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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12
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Ekeuku SO, Chin KY, Qian J, Zhang Y, Qu H, Mohd Ramli ES, Wong SK, Mohd Noor MM, Ima-Nirwana S. Suppression of high bone remodelling by E'Jiao in ovariectomised rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113265. [PMID: 35709654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current prevention options for postmenopausal osteoporosis are very limited. E'Jiao is a collagen-rich traditional Chinese medicine with the potential to prevent osteoporosis but more comprehensive investigations are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the skeletal protective effects of E'Jiao in a rat model of osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 42) were randomly assigned into baseline, sham, ovariectomised (OVX) control, OVX-treated with low-dose (0.26 g/kg), medium dose (0.53 g/kg) and high dose E'Jiao (1.06 g/kg), as well as calcium carbonate (1% w/v) groups. Daily treatment through oral gavage was initiated 7 days after OVX. The rats were euthanised after eight weeks of treatment. Bone mineral density and content were measured at baseline, 1 and 2 months after treatment. Blood was collected for the measurement of bone remodelling markers. Femur and tibial bones were collected for histomorphometry and biomechanical strength analysis. Untreated OVX rats showed high bone remodelling marked by the increased bone formation and bone resorption markers, as well as increased mineralising surface/bone surface ratio. In addition, osteoclast surface and single-labelled surface were increased while mineral apposition rate was reduced in the untreated OVX rats. These changes were antagonised by E'Jiao at all doses. However, the structural, cellular and biomechanical parameters were not affected by ovariectomy and treatment. In conclusion, E'Jiao prevented high bone remodelling during oestrogen deficiency but a long-term study will be required to establish its effects on structural and biomechanical changes due to oestrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310030 Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310030 Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310030 Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Mustazil Mohd Noor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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13
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Shen Z, Dong W, Chen Z, Chen G, Zhang Y, Li Z, Lin H, Chen H, Huang M, Guo Y, Jiang Z. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae enhances CD31 hiEmcn hi vessel formation and subsequent bone regeneration in rat models of distraction osteogenesis by activating PDGF‑BB/VEGF/RUNX2/OSX signaling axis. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:112. [PMID: 35795995 PMCID: PMC9330352 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD), extracted from the kidney-tonifying Traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma Drynariae, can be effective in treating osteoporosis, bone fractures and defects. However, the pharmacological effects of TFRD on the specific vessel subtype CD31hiEmcnhi during distraction osteogenesis (DO) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of TFRD on CD31hiEmcnhi vessels in a rat model of DO. In the present study, tibial DO models were established using 60 rats with a distraction rate of 0.2 mm per day for 20 days. Co-immunofluorescence staining of CD31 and endomucin (Emcn) was conducted to determine CD31hiEmcnhi vessels. Radiographic, angiographic and histological analyses were performed to assess bone and vessel formation. Tube formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Von Kossa staining assays were performed to test angiogenesis of endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) and osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Additionally, expression levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, VEGF, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Osterix (OSX) were determined by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The in vivo assays demonstrated that TFRD markedly promoted CD31hiEmcnhi vessel formation during DO, whereas PDGF-BB neutralizing antibody suppressed vessel formation. Furthermore, the ALP, Von Kossa staining and tube formation assays indicated that TFRD notably elevated the angiogenic capacity of EPCs and osteogenic capacity of BMSCs under stress conditions, which was significantly suppressed by blocking PDGF-BB. The protein and mRNA levels of PDGF-BB, VEGF, RUNX2 and OSX were upregulated by TFRD, but downregulated by blocking PDGF-BB. Thus, TFRD could facilitate CD31hiEmcnhi vessel formation and subsequently enhance angiogenic-osteogenic coupling to regenerate bone defects during DO via the PDGF-BB/VEGF/RUNX2/OSX signaling axis, which indicated that CD31hiEmcnhi vessels could be a potential novel therapeutic target for DO, and TFRD may represent a promising drug for promoting bone regeneration in DO by increasing CD31hiEmcnhi vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650599, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650599, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650599, P.R. China
| | - Guoqian Chen
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510407, P.R. China
| | - Zige Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510407, P.R. China
| | - Haixiong Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510407, P.R. China
| | - Huamei Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510407, P.R. China
| | - Minling Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510407, P.R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650599, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510407, P.R. China
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14
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Xu T, Zheng J, Jin W, Li L, Lin L, Shaukat A, Zhang C, Cao Q, Ashraf M, Huang S. Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Ameliorate Bone Growth in Experimentally Induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Chickens via Regulation of OPG/RANKL Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:881057. [PMID: 35694251 PMCID: PMC9178197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.881057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Rhizoma Drynariae, traditional Chinese herb, is widely used to treat and prevent bone disorders. However, experimental evidence on the use of Rhizoma Drynariae extract, total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) to treat tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in chickens and its underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of TFRD on leg disease caused by TD and elucidate its mechanisms in modulating the bone status. Methods: Thiram-induced chicken TD model has been established. The tibia status was evaluated by analyzing tibia-related parameters including tibial weight, tibial length and its growth plate width and by performing histopathological examination. The expression of tibial bone development-related genes and proteins was confirmed by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Results: The results showed that administration of TFRD mitigated lameness, increased body weight, recuperated growth plate width in broilers affected by TD and the increase of tibia weight and tibia length is significantly positively correlated with body weight. Compared with the TD group broilers, 500 mg/kg TFRD evidently reduced the damage width of the growth plate and improved its blood vessel distribution by elevating the gene expression levels of BMP-2 and Runx2 and OPG/RANKL ratio. Furthermore, correlation analysis found that the damage width of the growth plate was negatively correlated with the expression levels of BMP-2 and OPG. Conclusion: The present study revealed that TFRD could promote the bone growth via upregulating OPG/RANKL ratio, suggesting that TFRD might be a potential novel drug in the treatment of TD in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - WeiXing Jin
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luxi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaodong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Pishin, Pakistan
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shucheng Huang,
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15
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Li S, Li Y, Jiang Z, Hu C, Gao Y, Zhou Q. Efficacy of total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae on the blood vessels and the bone graft in the induced membrane. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153995. [PMID: 35278899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD), a Chinese medicine, is widely used in the treatment of orthopedic diseases. However, there are few basic and clinical studies on the effect of TFRD on induced membrane technique (Masquelet technique). PURPOSE This trial is to explore effects of TFRD on vascularization of the induced membrane, and mineralization of the bone graft in rats with femoral bone defects. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into high dose group (H-TFRD), medium dose group (M-TFRD), low dose group (L-TFRD) and control group (control). The segmental bone defects were established with 12 rats in per group. The polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer was implanted into the femoral bone defect of rats in the first-stage surgery. About 4 weeks after first-stage surgery, induced membranes of 6 rats in each group were selected. The blood vessels and angiogenesis-related factors in the induced membrane were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and masson staining, western blot, qPCR and immunohistostaining. The remaining rats in per group underwent second-stage surgery (bone grafting). Twelve weeks after the bone grafting, the bone tissues was examined by X-ray, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), HE staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the growth of the bone graft. Meanwhile, the TFRD-containing serum was collected from rats to culture osteoblasts in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method, Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect effects of TFRD on the osteoblasts' proliferation and BMP-SMAD signaling pathway. RESULTS Compared with the L-TFRD and control groups, the number of blood vessels and the expression of angiogenesis-related factors (VEGF, TGF-β1, BMP-2, PDGF-BB and CD31) were higher in the H-TFRD and M-TFRD groups. The Lane-Sandhu X-ray score, bone mass and growth rate of the bone graft in the H-TFRD and M-TFRD groups were significantly better than those in the L-TFRD and control groups. In addition, medium and high doses of TFRD significantly increased the expression of BMP-SMAD pathway proteins (BMP-2, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5 and RUNX2) in rat serum and bone graft. In vitro, after osteoblasts were intervened with TFRD-containing serum from the H-TFRD and M-TFRD groups, the cell viability, the number of mineralized nodules and the phosphorylation of BMP-SMAD pathway proteins were markedly increased. CONCLUSION TFRD could promote the formation of blood vessels and the expression of angiogenesis-related factors during the formation of the induced membrane. During the growing period of bone graft, it could facilitate the growth and mineralization of bone graft in a dose-dependent manner, which is partly related to the activation and phosphorylation of BMP-SMAD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexin Jiang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishi Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Song S, Guo Y, Yang Y, Fu D. Advances in pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108168. [PMID: 35283172 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, is the most common bone disorder worldwide characterized by low bone mineral density, leaving affected bones vulnerable to fracture. Bone homeostasis depends on the precise balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone matrix formation by mesenchymal lineage osteoblasts, and involves a series of complex and highly regulated steps. Bone homeostasis will be disrupted when the speed of bone resorption is faster than bone formation. Based on various regulatory mechanisms of bone homeostasis, a series of drugs targeting osteoporosis have emerged in clinical practice, including bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, molecular-targeted drugs and so on. However, many drugs have major adverse effects or are unsuitable for long-term use. Therefore, it is very urgent to find more effective therapeutic drugs based on the new pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In this review, we summarize novel mechanisms involved in the pathological process of osteoporosis, including the roles of gut microbiome, autophagy, iron balance and cellular senescence. Based on the above pathological mechanism, we found promising drugs for osteoporosis treatment, such as: probiotics, alpha-ketoglutarate, senolytics and hydrogen sulfide. This new finding may provide an important basis for elucidating the complex pathological mechanisms of osteoporosis and provide promising drugs for clinical osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, PR China
| | - Yuehua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Dehao Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Lei X, Xu H, Liu G, Wang Y, Sun H, Geng F, Zhang N. Tissue Distribution of Total Flavonoids Extracts of Drynariae Rhizoma in Young and Old Rats by UPLC-MS/MS Determination. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:2447945. [PMID: 35154845 PMCID: PMC8837432 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2447945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drynariae Rhizoma (Kunze ex Mett.) J. Sm. has been extensively used in China, Japan, and Korea to treat osteoporosis and tonify kidneys. A rapid and validated UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of the seven analytes including neoeriocitrin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, astragalin, naringin, eriodictyol, naringenin, and kaempferol in rats' various tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, brain, uterus, ovary, and small intestine) using quercetin as the internal standard (IS) was developed after oral administration of TFDR to rats. Tissues samples were retreated by protein precipitation with methanol. The chromatographic separation was performed using an ACQUITY UPLC™ BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm; 1.7 μm) at 35°C. The mobile phase consisted of 1% acetic acid in water as the aqueous phase (A) and 100% acetonitrile as the organic phase (B). All analytes and IS were quantified through electrospray ionization in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. MS transitions were m/z 597.5 ⟶ 289.2 for neoeriocitrin, m/z 449.1 ⟶ 287.1 for luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, m/z 449.1 ⟶ 287.1 for astragalin, m/z 581.5 ⟶ 273.2 for naringin, m/z 289.2 ⟶ 153.1 for eriodictyol, m/z 273.2 ⟶ 153.1 for naringenin, m/z 287.1 ⟶ 153.1 for kaempferol, and m/z 303.2 ⟶ 153.1 for quercetin (IS). The mean extraction recovery of the seven analytes and IS in tissue samples at three levels of quality control (QC) samples ranged from 82.72% to 118.57%, and the RSD was ≤14.98%. The intraday and interday precision (RSD) were all less than 14.98%, and the accuracy (RE) ranged from -13.96% to 14.96%, which indicated that the present method was not an issue. Tissues distribution showed neoeriocitrin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, astragalin, naringin, and naringenin could transfer across the blood-brain barrier, which may form the basis of TFDR entering the brain to play an anti-AD role. Compared with the 8-month-old rats, a higher concentration of naringin was found in the ovaries of the 18-month-old rats; this result indicated that it may regulate the autonomic nervous dysfunction of the cerebrospinal system through the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis, thus playing an anti-AD role, but further research is needed. Naringenin, eriodictyol, and kaempferol have a higher concentration in the liver and kidney; this phenomenon may be related to the traditional Chinese medicine theory that there is a definite relationship between the liver and kidney meridian. These results provide reliable data support for further study of the pharmacological mechanism of TFDR, formulation of drug delivery schemes, and development of new Chinese medicines in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Xia Lei
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China
| | - Hongdan Xu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China
| | - Yeqiu Wang
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China
| | - Huifeng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
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18
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Hu Y, Mu P, Ma X, Shi J, Zhong Z, Huang L. Rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids combined with calcium carbonate ameliorates bone loss in experimentally induced Osteoporosis in rats via the regulation of Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:702. [PMID: 34863225 PMCID: PMC8642843 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhizoma drynariae, a traditional Chinese herb, is commonly used in treatment of bone healing in osteoporotic fractures. However, whether the Rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids (RDTF) can promote the absorption of calcium and enhance the bone formation is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of RDTF combined with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. Methods Three-month-old Sprague–Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and then treated with CaCO3, RDTF, and their admixtures for ten weeks, respectively. The bone trabecular microstructure, bone histopathological examination, and serum biomarkers of bone formation and resorption were determined in the rat femur tissue. The contents of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK), and its ligand (RANKL) in marrow were analyzed by ELISA, and the protein expressions of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and phosphorylated β-catenin (p-β-catenin) were analyzed by Western blot. Statistical analysis was conducted by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by LSD post hoc analysis or independent samples t test using the scientific statistic software SPSS version 20.0 Results RDTF combined with CaCO3 could promote osteosis and ameliorate bone loss to improve the repair of cracked bone trabeculae of OVX rats. Furthermore, RDTF combined with CaCO3 also could prevent OVX-induced decrease in collagen fibers in the femoral tissue of ovariectomized rats and promote the regeneration of new bone or cartilage tissue, while CaCO3 supplementation promoted the increase in bone mineral content. Nevertheless, there was no difference in the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin and p-β-catenin between osteopenic rats and RDTF treated rats, but RDTF combined with CaCO3 could activate the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions RDTF combined with CaCO3 could ameliorate estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss via the regulation of Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
| | - Panyun Mu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingru Shi
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhendong Zhong
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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19
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Samsulrizal N, Goh YM, Ahmad H, Md Dom S, Azmi NS, NoorMohamad Zin NS, Ebrahimi M. Ficus deltoidea promotes bone formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:66-73. [PMID: 33399485 PMCID: PMC7801090 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1865411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of bone diseases including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. We have previously demonstrated that Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is capable of reducing hyperglycaemia. However, whether F. deltoidea could protect against diabetic osteoporosis remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE The study examines the effect of F. deltoidea on bone histomorphometric parameters, oxidative stress, and turnover markers in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6 animals per group) received one of the following treatments via gavage for 8 weeks: saline (diabetic control), metformin (1000 mg/kg bwt), and methanol leaves extract of F. deltoidea (1000 mg/kg bwt). A group of healthy rats served as normal control. The femoral bones were excised and scanned ex vivo using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for histomorphometric analysis. The serum levels of insulin, oxidative stress, and bone turnover markers were determined by ELISA assays. RESULTS Treatment of diabetic rats with F. deltoidea could significantly increase bone mineral density (BMD) (from 526.98 ± 11.87 to 637.74 ± 3.90). Higher levels of insulin (2.41 ± 0.08 vs. 1.58 ± 0.16), osteocalcin (155.66 ± 4.11 vs. 14.35 ± 0.97), and total bone n-3 PUFA (2.34 ± 0.47 vs. 1.44 ± 0.18) in parallel with the presence of chondrocyte hypertrophy were also observed following F. deltoidea treatment compared to diabetic control. CONCLUSIONS F. deltoidea could prevent diabetic osteoporosis by enhancing osteogenesis and inhibiting bone oxidative stress. These findings support the potential use of F. deltoidea for osteoporosis therapy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Md Dom
- Medical Imaging Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Ren Y, Jiang W, Luo C, Zhang X, Huang M. The Promotive Effect of the Active Ingredients of Atractylodes macrocephala on Intestinal Epithelial Repair Through Activating Ca2+ Pathway. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodes macrocephala ( AM) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine for intestinal epithelial restitution through activating Ca2+ channels. However, the roles of specific AM compositions in intestinal epithelial restitution are sparse. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the concrete effects of the 4 active ingredients (atractylon, β-eudesmol, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III) of AM and their combination on intestinal epithelial repair and the Ca2+ pathway in intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-6) cells. First, the best combination of the 4 ingredients with an optimal mixing ratio of atractylon: β-eudesmol: atractylenolide II: atractylenolide III = 1:2:2:2 was demonstrated by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide orthogonal experiment. Subsequently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, the migratory ability was evaluated by cell scratch experiments, cell cycle analysis and [Ca2+]cyt concentration in cells were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of the Ca2+ pathway-related genes was detected by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and whole blood assays. Our result showed that atractylon, β-Eudesmol, atractylenolide II, and atractylenolide III showed different abilities to promote the IEC-6 cells proliferation, migration, and the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and ornithine decarboxylase, as well as the intracellular [Ca2+]cyt concentration through stromal interaction molecule 1 transposition to activate Ca2+ pathway. Thereinto, atractylenolide III was the main active ingredient of AM for pro-proliferation and anti-inflammation, and the combination of 4 AM ingredients performed better beneficial effects on IEC-6 cells. Therefore, our study suggested that atractylenolide III was the active ingredient of AM for intestinal epithelial repair through activating the Ca2+ pathway, and the 4 ingredients of AM have a synergy in intestinal epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingjin Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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21
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QiangGuYin Modulates the OPG/RANKL/RANK Pathway by Increasing Secretin Levels during Treatment of Primary Type I Osteoporosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7114139. [PMID: 34754319 PMCID: PMC8572595 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
QiangGuYin (QGY) is a common Traditional Chinese medicine prescription for the treatment of osteoporosis. Previous clinical studies have found that QGY effectively improves bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) pathway is a classic pathway involved in osteoporosis. Secretin levels are a serum marker of osteoporosis, but their effect on the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway has not been reported. Hence, we investigated the relationship between the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway and secretin and further revealed the mechanism underlying the effect of QGY in the treatment of osteoporosis. Mice were divided into secretin knockdown, secretin overexpression, and corresponding control groups. Micro-computed tomography was used to detect BMD in different groups, and the results show that QGY significantly improved BMD in mice of the secretin knockdown group. To further verify this, the serum levels of OPG, RANKL, RANK, and secretin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and femur levels of OPG, RANKL, RANK, and secretin were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. The results show that the expression of OPG was inhibited and that of RANKL and RANK was increased in mice from the secretin knockdown group, whereas the expression of OPG was upregulated and that of RANKL and RANK was downregulated after QGY intervention. Therefore, QGY inhibited bone resorption by promoting the expression of secretin and modulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway. In addition to the effect of QGY, we also revealed the general regulatory effect of secretin on the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway. We conclude that QGY modulates the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway by increasing secretin levels during treatment of primary type I osteoporosis. This work provides a theoretical basis for the clinical use of QGY in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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22
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Phenolic Extract from Aralia nudicaulis L. Rhizomes Inhibits Cellular Oxidative Stresses. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154458. [PMID: 34361611 PMCID: PMC8347711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-B and IR-A radiation are important inducers of biological changes in skin involving ROS generation. The overloading of antioxidant defense mechanisms by ROS production could lead to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis processes. Various traditional usages are reported for Aralia nudicaulis L. extracts, including treatment of dermatological disorders. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have already been reported for other Aralia species possibly due to the presence of phenolic compounds. However, the phenolic composition and the potential activity of A. nudicaulis rhizomes extract against oxidative stress and UV/IR damages have not been investigated. The main aims of this study were to prepare a fraction enriched in phenolic compounds (FEPC) from A. nudicaulis rhizomes, to identify its major phenolic compounds and to assess its potential for protective effects against oxidative stress induced by UV-B, IR-A or inflammation. A quantitative LC-MS study of FEPC shows that chlorogenic, caffeic and protocatechuic acids are the main phenolic compounds present, with concentrations of 15.6%, 15.3% and 4.8% of the total composition, respectively. With a validated analytical method, those compounds were quantified over different stages of the growing period. As for biological potential, first this extract demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, ROS generation induced by IR-A and UV-B were strongly inhibited by A. nudicaulis extract, suggesting that Aralia nudicaulis L. rhizome extract could protect dermal cells against oxidative stress induced by UV-B and IR-A.
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23
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Chemometric Analyses for the Characterization of Raw and Stir-Frying Processed Drynariae Rhizoma Based on HPLC Fingerprints. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6651657. [PMID: 34194522 PMCID: PMC8203375 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6651657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The processing of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a necessary practice and usually occurs before most herbs are prescribed. According to Chinese medicine theory, raw (RDR) and stir-frying processed (PDR) Drynariae Rhizoma have different clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to establish HPLC fingerprints coupled with chemometric methods to evaluate the differences between RDR and PDR. Multivariate chemometric methods were applied to analyze the obtained HPLC fingerprints, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principle components analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results indicated that RDR and PDR samples showed a clear classification of the two groups, and seven chemical markers having great contributions to the differentiation were screened out. The findings suggested that 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) with a variable importance in the project (VIP > 1) can be used to differentiate between RDR and PDR. Moreover, 5-HMF, naringin, and neoeriocitrin were determined to evaluate their contents in RDR and PDR. The chemometrics combined with the quantitative analysis based on HPLC fingerprint results indicated that stir-frying processing may change the contents and types of components in Drynariae Rhizoma. These changes are probably responsible for the various pharmacological effects of RDR and PDR.
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24
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Li S, Zhou H, Hu C, Yang J, Ye J, Zhou Y, Li Z, Chen L, Zhou Q. Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Promotes Differentiation of Osteoblasts and Growth of Bone Graft in Induced Membrane Partly by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675470. [PMID: 34122101 PMCID: PMC8188237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD), a Chinese medicine, is widely used in the treatment of fracture, bone defect, osteoporosis and other orthopedic diseases, and has achieved good effects. Purpose of this trial was to explore efficacy of TFRD on bone graft’s mineralization and osteoblasts’ differentiation in Masquelet induced membrane technique in rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into high dose group (H-TFRD), middle dose group (M-TFRD), low dose group (L-TFRD) and control group (control). The critical size bone defect model of rats was established with 10 rats in each group. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer was implanted into the defect of right femur in rats. After the formation of the induced membrane, autogenous bone was implanted into the induced membrane. After 12 weeks of bone graft, bone tissues in the area of bone graft were examined by X-ray, Micro-CT, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome staining to evaluate the growth of the bone graft. The β-catenin, c-myc, COL1A1, BMP-2 and OPN in bone graft were quantitatively analyzed by Western blot and Immunohistostaining. Osteoblasts were cultured in the medium containing TFRD. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, Western blot, RT-PCR and other methods were used to detect the effects of TFRD on the proliferation of osteoblasts and the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the growth and mineralization of bone graft in TFRD group was better. Moreover, the expression of Wnt/β-catenin and osteogenesis-related proteins in bone tissue of TFRD group was more than that in other groups. In vitro experiments indicated that osteoblasts proliferated faster, activity of ALP was higher, number of mineralized nodules and proteins related to osteogenesis were more in TFRD group. But blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could limit these effects. Therefore, TFRD could promote mineralization of bone graft and differentiation of osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner during growing period of the bone graft of induced membrane technique, which is partly related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfei Ye
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuexi Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zige Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishi Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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25
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The effect of table olive wastewater extract administration on the adult ovariectomised rat model of osteoporosis. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1761-1770. [PMID: 33550996 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts for alternative non-pharmaceutical treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis are focused on nutritional measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of table olive wastewater extract (OE) administration on bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical strength in ovariectomised rats. Thirty mature 9-month-old female Wistar rats were separated into three groups of ten: Control, Ovariectomised (OVX) and OVX + OE. BMD was measured before ovariectomy, 3 and 6 months afterwards. At the end of the study, blood, both femurs and tibias, internal organs and abdominal fat were collected. After 3 months, the percentage changes from baseline of the total and proximal tibial BMD of the OVX + OE group were both higher compared with the OVX group (P < 0·005). Similar results were found after 6 months, when the percentage changes from baseline of the total and proximal tibial BMD of the OVX + OE group were both higher compared with the OVX group (P < 0·005). Biomechanical testing of the femurs did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the groups. Body weights throughout the study, organs' and abdominal fat ratios to final body weight and blood results (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Ca and P) were within normal limits and did not show any significant difference between the treated and untreated groups. As a conclusion, the administration of OE for 6 months protected tibial BMD loss in comparison with the untreated OVX group without causing adverse effects.
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26
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Comparison between Tonifying Kidney Yang and Yin in Treating Segmental Bone Defects Based on the Induced Membrane Technique: An Experimental Study in a Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6575127. [PMID: 33424987 PMCID: PMC7781691 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6575127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tonifying kidney therapy consisting of tonifying kidney yang and yin is the basic principle of Chinese medicine in treating segmental bone defects (SBDs). Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of the differences between tonifying kidney yang and yin in bone metabolism of osteoporosis and distraction osteogenesis models. However, whether the difference between the two tonifying kidney methods in bone repair for the induced membrane (IM) technique occurs or what is the difference remain unclear. Angiogeneic-osteogenic coupling plays an important role in bone repair and the induced membrane couples angiogenesis with the later osteogenesis during the IM process. This study aimed at investigating the effects of tonifying kidney yang (total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae, TFRD) and yin (plastrum testudinis extract, PTE) on angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the IM-treated SBDs. Rats of 6 mm tibia bone defect model treated with IM were divided into five groups: the control group, the model group, the tonifying kidney yang group (TFRD-treated group), the tonifying kidney yin group (PTE-treated group), and the western medicine group. At 4 weeks after insertion of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), three caudal vertebrae from the tail in each rat were implanted into the 6 mm defect gap. Radiographical, histological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescent analyses were performed to assess bone and vessel formation at 4 or 12 weeks after insertion of the PMMA, respectively. Our results revealed that TFRD and PTE were beneficial to both angiogenesis and osteogenesis. TFRD exerted a better effect on angiogenesis than PTE and achieved a better result in stage 1 rather than in stage 2 of IM, whereas PTE was superior to TFRD in osteogenesis and achieved a better result in stage 2 instead of stage 1. Collectively, these findings elucidated the beneficial effects of tonifying kidney yang and yin on angiogenesis and osteogenesis of SBD repair during the IM process, as well as the difference that tonifying kidney yang surpasses tonifying kidney yin in angiogenesis while tonifying kidney yin outperforms tonifying kidney yang in osteogenesis, which suggests that the combination between the application of tonifying kidney yang method in stage 1 of IM and tonifying kidney yin method in stage 2 may achieve better repair efficiency.
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27
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Shen Z, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Lin H, Huang M, Chen H, Feng J, Jiang Z. Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Enhances Angiogenic-Osteogenic Coupling During Distraction Osteogenesis by Promoting Type H Vessel Formation Through PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β Instead of HIF-1α/ VEGF Axis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:503524. [PMID: 33328980 PMCID: PMC7729076 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.503524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD), extracted from the kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma Rrynariae, has been proved to be effective in treating osteoporosis, bone fractures and defects. However, pharmacological effects of TFRD on type H vessels, angiogenic-osteogenic coupling in distraction osteogenesis (DO) and the mechanism remain unclear. This study aims at investigating whether type H vessels exist in the DO model, effects of TFRD on angiogenic-osteogenic coupling and further elucidating the underlying mechanism. Methods: Rats models of DO and bone fracture (FR) were established, and then were separately divided into TFRD and control subgroups. Imageological and histological analyses were performed to assess bone and vessel formation. Immunofluorescent staining of CD31 and endomucin (Emcn) was conducted to determine type H vessel formation. Matrigel tube formation, ALP and Alizarin Red S staining assays were performed to test the effects of TFRD on angiogenesis or osteogenesis of endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Additionally, expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, PDGF-BB, RUNX2 and OSX were determined by ELISA, qPCR or western blot, respectively. Results: The in vivo results indicated more formed type H vessels in DO groups than in FR groups and TFRD obviously increased the abundance of type H vessels. Moreover, groups with higher abundance of type H vessels showed better angiogenesis and osteogenesis outcomes. Further in vitro experiments showed that TFRD significantly promoted while blocking PDGF-BB remarkably suppressed the angiogenic activity of EPCs under stress conditions. The levels of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2, downstream mediators of the PDGF-BB pathway, were up-regulated by TFRD but blocked by function blocking anti-PDGF-BB antibody. In contrast, the activated AKT and ERK1/2 and corresponding tube formation were not affected by the HIF-1α inhibitor. Besides, blocking PDGF-BB inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of the stretched BMSCs, but TFRD enhanced the osteogenic activity of BMSCs and ameliorated the inhibition, with more calcium nodes, higher ALP activity and mRNA and protein levels of RUNX2 and OSX. Conclusion: Type H vessels exist in the DO model and TFRD enhances angiogenic-osteogenic coupling during DO by promoting type H vessel formation via PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β instead of HIF-1α/VEGF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehua Chen
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zige Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixiong Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minling Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huamei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Zeng H, Zhao X, Wang L, Tang C, Li Z, Xie N, Wang F. Effects of Drynaria Total Flavonoid on the Microstructure of the Mandible in Ovariectomized Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926171. [PMID: 33128539 PMCID: PMC7640376 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Drynaria total flavonoids (DTF) on mandible microarchitecture, serum estrogen (E2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) levels in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rat model. Material/Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6 per group): sham surgery, ovariectomy (OVX), and low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose DTF. Mandibular osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy; an equal amount of ovary-sized fat tissue was removed from the sham group. The DTF-treated groups were given DTF gavage at different doses for 12 weeks; the sham and OVX groups were given saline. After the treatment phase, the effects of DTF on the microarchitecture of the mandible were evaluated by measuring bone density, maximum load, morphometric parameters, and histopathological alterations. Serum E2, OPG, and RANKL levels were measured. Results The OVX group showed obvious osteoporosis in the mandible and decreased serum E2 levels and OPG/RANKL ratio. The low-dose group did not show significant improvement in mandibular microstructure. The middle-dose group showed significantly ameliorated osteoporosis. The high-dose group had further improvement in bone microstructures and increase of OPG/RANKL over the middle-dose group. Furthermore, ovariectomy significantly decreased serum E2, but DTF treatment failed to restore serum E2 levels. Conclusions Ovariectomy can cause significant bone loss in the rat mandible and a decrease in serum E2 and OPG/RANKL. DTF significantly improved the mandibular microstructure and restored OPG/RANKL balance, but it did not restore the decreased serum E2 concentration following ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xubing Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chengfang Tang
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zixia Li
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Na Xie
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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29
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Siddiqui S, Mahdi AA, Arshad M. Genistein contributes to cell cycle progression and regulates oxidative stress in primary culture of osteoblasts along with osteoclasts attenuation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:277. [PMID: 32917180 PMCID: PMC7488498 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to examine the role of isoflavone genistein (GS) on bone formation, regulating oxidative stress and cell cycle in primary osteoblasts, as well as attenuation of osteoclast formation. Methods Primary calvaria osteoblasts were isolated from 2 to 3 days old neonatal rat pups (n = 6–8) of Sprague Dawley rats. Osteoblasts were incubated with varying concentrations of GS and different assays viz. cell proliferation, differentiation, calcium deposition, cell cycle progression, antioxidant ability, and osteogenic gene expression were performed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunolocalization of cathepsin K protein were assessed in bone marrow-derived osteoclasts. Results Results revealed that GS markedly induced cell growth and osteoblast differentiation depending upon dose. The fluorescent dye DCFH-DA staining data proved the antioxidant ability of GS, which reduced the H2O2- induced intracellular oxidative stress in osteoblasts. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GS treatment upregulated the expression of osteoblastic genes of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2), and osteocalcin. Immunolocalization of BMP2 also indicated the osteogenic efficacy of GS. Furthermore, TRAP staining and cathepsin K expression depicted that GS inhibited multinucleated osteoclasts formation. Conclusions In conclusion, GS isoflavone might impart protective effects against oxidative stress-induced bone loss and thus, could maintain skeletal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India. .,Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India. .,Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Huang J, Tong XF, Yu ZW, Hu YP, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhou ZX. Dietary supplementation of total flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae improves bone health in older caged laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5047-5054. [PMID: 32988541 PMCID: PMC7598317 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Caged layer osteoporosis (CLO) is a common bone metabolism diseases and poses a great threat to the production of laying hens. So far, there is no effective nutrition intervention to prevent CLO. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary total flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD), a Chinese herbal, on bone health, egg quality, and serum antioxidant capacity of caged laying hens. A total of two hundred sixteen, 54-wk-old Lohmann Pink-shell laying hens at were allocated to 3 groups with 6 replicates of 12 hens per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet (BD) and 2 treatment groups additionally supplied with 0.5 or 2.0 g/kg TFRD, respectively. Results showed that supplying 2.0 g/kg TFRD enhanced the activities of serum total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.01) and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) and had higher femur and tibia bone mineral density (both P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Dietary 2.0 g/kg TFRD also reduced the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.01), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (P < 0.01), and the contents of osteocalcin (P < 0.01). Furthermore, tibia histomorphology observation showed that the microstructure of bone tissue was improved after TFRD treatment. Egg quality was not affected by TFRD while the egg weight significantly increased (P < 0.01). These findings suggested that TFRD has beneficial effects on bone health in older caged laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - X F Tong
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Z W Yu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Y P Hu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - L Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Y Liu
- Experimental Teaching Center, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Z X Zhou
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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UPLC-MS metabolomics method provides valuable insights into the effect and underlying mechanisms of Rhizoma Drynariae protecting osteoporosis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122262. [PMID: 32682315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease in which that volume of bone tissue per unit volume decrease, which is a common disease disturbing the elderly or postmenopausal women. Rhizoma Drynariae (RD) is a kind of herb widely used in thousands of years of clinical practice in China to tonify kidney and prevent osteoporosis, with reliable curative effect. However, the mechanism of its anti-osteoporosis action is still unclear. This study is dedicated to exploration the therapeutic effect of RD on retinoic acid solution-induced OP model rats based on high-throughput metabolomics technology platform, and reveal its influence on metabolomics level, so as to find effective potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diagnosing OP. OP model was established by intragastric administration of retinoic acid solution for 21 days, and then the treatment group was treated by intragastric administration of RD solution for 60 days. Blood samples of all groups were collected and analyzed based on UPLC-MS metabolomics and combined with EZinfo 3.0 data analysis, 32 potential biomarkers were identified, including 22 in ESI+ and 10 in ESI-, these biomarkers are related to 9 metabolic pathways. After treatment with RD solution, 21 biomarkers were obviously regulated, these mainly affected linoleic acid metabolic, glycerophospholipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. The results show that RD can reduce the risk of OP disease, which may be related to the metabolic pathway mentioned above, and provides the foundation for the administer prophylaxis and treatment of OP with natural products.
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Bacillus subtilis Fermentation of Malva verticillata Leaves Enhances Antioxidant Activity and Osteoblast Differentiation. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050671. [PMID: 32456062 PMCID: PMC7278731 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malva verticillata, also known as Chinese mallow, is an herbaceous plant with colorful flowers and has been used as a medicine for thousands of years. This study investigated this herb for potential antioxidant activity or an association with osteoblast differentiation. M. verticillate leaves were fermented with B. subtilis MV1 at 30 °C for 7 days to enhance their biological activities. The resultant aqueous extract (MVW) and the fermented leaves (MVB) were measured for antioxidant and osteoblast differentiation. The results showed that the total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity, as well as the osteoblast differentiation of the MVB increased (2 to 6 times) compared with those of the MVW. MVB induced phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase in C3H10T1/2 cells, and the phosphorylation was attenuated via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitors. Moreover, runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix in the nucleus increased in a time-dependent manner. The messenger RNA expression of alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein increased about 9.4- and 65-fold, respectively, compared to the non-treated cells. MVB stimulated C3H10T1/2 cells in the osteoblasts via TGF-β signaling. Thus, fermented M. verticillata extract exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity and osteoblast differentiation.
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Galanis D, Soultanis K, Lelovas P, Zervas A, Papadopoulos P, Galanos A, Argyropoulou K, Makropoulou M, Patsaki A, Passali C, Tsingotjidou A, Kourkoulis S, Mitakou S, Dontas I. Protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots extract on bone mineral density of ovariectomized rats. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2019; 9:8. [PMID: 31124454 PMCID: PMC6533940 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2019090208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of the methanolic extract of plant Glycyrrhiza glabra roots on bone mineral density and femoral bone strength of ovariectomized rats. Methods: Thirty 10-month-old Wistar rats were randomly separated into three groups of ten, Control, Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza in their drinking water. Total and proximal tibial bone mineral density was measured in all groups before ovariectomy (baseline) and after 3 and 6 months post ovariectomy. Three-point-bending of the femurs and uterine weight and histology were examined at the end of the study. Results: No significant difference was noted in bone density percentage change of total tibia from baseline to 3 months between Control and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza groups (+5.31% ± 4.75 and +3.30% ± 6.31 respectively, P = non significant), and of proximal tibia accordingly (+5.58% ± 6.92 and +2.61% ± 13.62, P = non significant) demonstrating a strong osteoprotective effect. There was notable difference in percentage change of total tibia from baseline to 6 months between groups Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza (−13.03% ± 5.11 and −0.84% ± 7.63 respectively, P < 0.005), and of proximal tibia accordingly (−27.9% ± 3.69 and −0.81% ± 14.85 respectively, P < 0.001), confirming the protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract in preserving bone density of the Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza group. Three-point-bending did not reveal any statistically significant difference between Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza groups. Uterine weights of the Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza group ranged between the other two groups with no statistically significant difference to each. Conclusions: Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract notably protected tibial bone mineral density loss in Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza rats in comparison with ovariectomized rats, but did not improve biomechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Galanis
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Soultanis
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Attiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Lelovas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Zervas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Papadopoulos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Galanos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Makropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christina Passali
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsingotjidou
- Lab. of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Veterinary Medicine,
| | - Stavros Kourkoulis
- Department of Mechanics, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), National Technical University of Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ismene Dontas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Wang YC, Chiang JH, Hsu HC, Tsai CH. Decreased fracture incidence with traditional Chinese medicine therapy in patients with osteoporosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:42. [PMID: 30717733 PMCID: PMC6360787 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no published studies regarding the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the prevention of osteoporotic fracture. Therefore, we conducted this nationwide, population-based cohort study to investigate the probable effect of TCM to decrease the fracture rate. METHODS We identified cases with osteoporosis and selected a comparison group that was frequency-matched according to sex, age (per 5 years), diagnosis year of osteoporosis, and index year. The difference between the two groups in the development of fracture was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. RESULTS After inserting age, gender, urbanization level, and comorbidities into the Cox's proportional hazard model, patients who used TCM had a lower hazard ratio (HR) of fracture (adjusted HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.37-0.59) compared to the non-TCM user group. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that osteoporosis patients who used TCM had a lower incidence of fracture events than those who did not (p < 0.00001). Our study also demonstrated that the longer the TCM use, the lesser the fracture rate. CONCLUSION Our study showed that TCM might have a positive impact on the prevention of osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Huai Chiang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University, China Medical University Hospital, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang X, Zhang M, Zhang D, Wang X, Cao H, Zhang Q, Yan C. Structural elucidation and anti-osteoporosis activities of polysaccharides obtained from Curculigo orchioides. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 203:292-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu ZL, Xu MY, Wang HT, Xu QX, Liu MY, Jia CP, Geng F, Zhang N. Pharmacokinetics of Eight Flavonoids in Rats Assayed by UPLC-MS/MS after Oral Administration of Drynariae rhizoma Extract. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:4789196. [PMID: 30662789 PMCID: PMC6312611 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4789196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Drynariae rhizoma (Kunze ex Mett.) J. Sm. has been used to treat osteoporosis and bone resorption for 2500 years. Based on the previous study and literature references, flavonoids were proved to be the most abundant and main active compounds of Drynariae rhizoma for osteoporosis treatment. In order to make good and rational use of Drynariae rhizoma in future, a rapid, sensitive, and selective ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of eight main flavonoids in rat plasma after oral administration of the Drynariae rhizoma extract, including neoeriocitrin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, astragalin, naringin, eriodictyol, luteolin, naringenin, and kaempferol. Plasma samples' pretreatment involved a solid-phase extraction column. The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18 column with a gradient mobile-phase system of acetonitrile and 1% acetic acid in water. The detection was performed using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization interface (ESI) by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive ion mode. All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r 2 > 0.9990) over the measured ranges. The intraday and interday precisions (RSD) were within 13.87%, and the accuracy (RE) ranged from -14.57% to -0.25% at three quality control levels. Extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were satisfactory. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the eight flavonoids of interest were clearly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Ming-Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Harbin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Qing-Xuan Xu
- Crop Academy of Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ming-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Chun-Peng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
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Wang MY, Shen C, An MF, Xie CQ, Wu X, Zhu QQ, Sun B, Huang YP, Zhao YL, Wang XJ, Sheng J. Combined treatment with Dendrobium candidum and black tea extract promotes osteoprotective activity in ovariectomized estrogen deficient rats and osteoclast formation. Life Sci 2018; 200:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Icariin Regulates the Bidirectional Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8085325. [PMID: 29445413 PMCID: PMC5763109 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8085325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fat infiltration within the bone marrow is easily observed in some postmenopausal women. Those fats are mainly derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). The increment of adipocytes derived from BMMSCs leads to decreased osteoblasts derived from BMMSCs, so the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs significantly contributes to osteoporosis. Icariin is the main extractive of Herba Epimedii which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of icariin on the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs through quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, western blot, and tissue sections in vitro and in vivo. We found that icariin obviously promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis through detecting staining and gene expression. Micro-CT analysis showed that icariin treatment alleviated the loss of cancellous bone of the distal femur in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. H&E staining analysis showed that icariin-treated OVX mice obtained higher bone mass and fewer bone marrow lipid droplets than OVX mice. Western blot and immunofluorescence showed that icariin regulates the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs via canonical Wnt signaling. This study demonstrates that icariin exerts its antiosteoporotic effect by regulating the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs through the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
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