1
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Gul G, Aydin MA, Algul S, Kiziltan R, Kemik O. Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (NAP1L1) in gastric cancer patients: a potential biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic utility. Biomarkers 2024; 29:30-35. [PMID: 38258494 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2309540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (NAP1L1) is suggested to have an oncogenic role in several tumors based on its overexpression. However, its diagnostic and prognostic role in gastric cancer remains unclarified. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of NAP1L1 in gastric cancer patients. METHODS A total of 85 patients [mean (SD) age: 60.9 (1.6) years, 49.4% were males] with newly-diagnosed gastric cancer and 40 healthy individuals [mean (SD) age: 60.7 (1.7) years, 52.5% were males] were included. Data on patient demographics (age, gender), TNM stages and tumor size, and the serum NAP1L1 levels were recorded. RESULTS Serum NAP1L1 levels were significantly higher in gastric cancer patients than in control subjects [12 (9.5-13.8) vs. 1.8 (1.5-2.4) ng/mL, p < 0.001]. Also, certain tumor characteristics such as tumor size of >4 vs. <4 cm (p < 0.001), M1 vs. M0 stage (p < 0.001), N2 vs. N0 and N1 stage (p < 0.001), and T4 vs. lower T stage (p < 0.001) were associated with significantly higher serum NAP1L1 levels in gastric cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed for the first time that serum levels for NAP1L1 were overexpressed in the gastric cancer, as also correlated with the disease progression. NAP1L1 seems to be a potential biomarker for gastric cancer, providing clinically important information on early diagnosis and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gungor Gul
- Clinic of General Surgery, Private Goztepe Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Aydin
- Department of General Surgery, Altinbas University Faculty of Medicine Medical Park Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sermin Algul
- Department of Physiology, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Remzi Kiziltan
- Department of Surgery, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kemik
- Department of Surgery, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
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2
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Moradi N, Ohadian Moghadam S, Heidarzadeh S. Application of next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:842-855. [PMID: 35293278 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2041717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Gastric cancer (GC) is a disease with high mortality, poor prognosis and numerous risk factors. GC has an asymptomatic nature in early stages of the diseases, making timely diagnosis complicated using common conventional approaches, namely pathological examinations and imaging tests. Recently, molecular profiling of GC using next generation sequencing (NGS) has opened new doors to efficient prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies. The current review aims to thoroughly discuss and compare the current NGS techniques and commercial platforms utilized for GC diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the most recent NGS-based GC studies. Furthermore, this review addresses the challenges of clinical implementation of NGS in GC.Materials and methods: This review was conducted according to the eligible studies identified via search of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane Library. In the present study, data on gastric cancer patients and NGS methods used to diagnose the disease were reviewed.Conclusion: Given the ever-rising advancements in NGS technologies, bioinformatics, healthcare guidelines and refined classifications, it is hoped that these technologies can actualize their advantages and optimize GC patients' experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Moradi
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Siamak Heidarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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3
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Hu F, Rao M, Zhang M, Meng Q, Wan M, Zhang X, Ding L, Jiang Y. Long non-coding RNA profiles in plasma exosomes of patients with gastric high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:1. [PMID: 34815753 PMCID: PMC8593877 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs in circulating exosomes are a new class of promising cancer biomarkers; however, their expression in exosomes derived from gastric high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (GHGIN) has not been reported. In the present study, differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were analyzed in the peripheral blood collected from 5 patients with GHGIN and 5 healthy donors using high-throughput sequencing. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed on 6 randomly selected DE lncRNAs to validate the reliability of the sequencing results. The potential roles of the DE lncRNAs in GHGIN were investigated using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. A total of 25,145 lncRNAs were identified in all the samples and 83 DE lncRNAs were further screened, including 76 upregulated and 7 downregulated DE lncRNAs. GO and KEGG analyses predicted that the DE lncRNAs played notable roles in ‘protein/macromolecule glycosylation’, ‘regulation of protein ubiquitination’, ‘renin-angiotensin system’ and ‘MAPK signaling pathways’. A lncRNA-micro (mi)RNA-mRNA interaction network was constructed and used to perform association analyses. It was found that 83 lncRNAs were abnormally expressed in GHGIN, with some potential functions associated with gastric cancer. Furthermore, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network indicated that 7 DE lncRNAs may play a notable role in the occurrence and development of GHGIN. The results of the present study showed the expression profiles of lncRNAs in human GHGIN, elucidated some of the molecular changes associated with GHGIN and improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying GHGIN and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Min Rao
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Meng
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Wan
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuna Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Ding
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of The Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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4
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Galuppini F, Fassan M, Mastracci L, Gafà R, Lo Mele M, Lazzi S, Remo A, Parente P, D'Amuri A, Mescoli C, Tatangelo F, Lanza G. The histomorphological and molecular landscape of colorectal adenomas and serrated lesions. Pathologica 2021; 113:218-229. [PMID: 34294939 PMCID: PMC8299322 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 WHO classification of digestive system tumors significantly reformed the classificatory definition of serrated lesions of the colorectal mucosa and added new essential diagnostic criteria for both conventional adenomas and hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes. Histopathological examination of colorectal adenocarcinoma precursors lesions represents an important segment of daily clinical practice in a pathology department and is essential for the implementation of current colorectal adenocarcinoma secondary prevention strategies. This overview will focus on a schematic histopathological and molecular classification of precursor lesions arising within colorectal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Galuppini
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcello Lo Mele
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Service Department, ULSS9 "Scaligera", Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | | | - Claudia Mescoli
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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5
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Mackiewicz T, Sowa A, Fichna J. Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer - Current Concepts, Future Trends. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:137-145. [PMID: 32077822 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200220123844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remains a critical complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) with a mortality of approximately 15%, which makes early CAC diagnosis crucial. The current standard of surveillance, with repetitive colonoscopies and histological testing of biopsied mucosa samples, is burdensome and expensive, and therefore less invasive methods and reliable biomarkers are needed. Significant progress has been made, thanks to continuous extensive research in this field, however, no clinically relevant biomarker has been established so far. This review of the current literature presents the genetic and molecular differences between CAC and sporadic colorectal cancer and covers progress made in the early detection of CAC carcinogenesis. It focuses on biomarkers under development, which can easily be tested in samples of body fluids or breath and, once made clinically available, will help to differentiate between progressors (UC patients who will develop dysplasia) from non-progressors and enable early intervention to decrease the risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mackiewicz
- Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Fichna
- Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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6
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Lastraioli E, Romoli MR, Iorio J, Lottini T, Chiudinelli M, Bencivenga M, Vindigni C, Tomezzoli A, De Manzoni G, Compagnoni B, Manzi I, Messerini L, Saragoni L, Arcangeli A. The hERG1 Potassium Channel Behaves As Prognostic Factor In Gastric Dysplasia Endoscopic Samples. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9377-9384. [PMID: 31807018 PMCID: PMC6844225 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s226257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastric cancer (GC) is still a relevant health issue worldwide. The identification of prognostic factors for progression of gastric dysplasia (GD), the main pre-cancerous lesion of the intestinal-type GC, is hence mandatory. Patients and methods A cohort of 83 GD endoscopic samples belonging to Italian subjects was collected. hERG1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and scored 0–3, depending on the percentage of stained cells. Expression data were analysed in conjunction with clinico-pathological and survival data. Results hERG1 turned out to be expressed in 67.47% (56 out of 83) of the GD samples. hERG1 expression was higher in high-grade GD compared to low-grade GD (29 out of 39, 74.36% vs 27 out of 44, 61.36%), although the statistical significance was not reached (P=0.246). No association emerged between hERG1 expression and clinical features of the patients (age, gender, localization, H. pylori infection, gastritis and intestinal metaplasia). In a subset of cases for which sequential samples of gastric lesions (from GD to Early Gastric Cancer and Advanced Gastric Cancer) were available, hERG1 expression was maintained in all the steps of gastric carcinogenesis from GD onwards. A general trend to increased expression in advanced lesions was observed. hERG1 score had a statistically significant impact on both Progression-Free Survival (P=0.018) and Overall Survival (P=0.031). In particular, patients displaying a high hERG1 score have a shorter survival. Conclusion hERG1 is aberrantly expressed in human GD samples and has an impact on both PFS and OS, hence representing a novel prognostic marker for progression of GD towards GC of the intestinal histotype. Once properly validated, hERG1 detection could be included in the clinical practice, during endoscopic surveillance protocols, for the management of GD at higher risk of progression, as already proposed for Barrett’s oesophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lastraioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University Of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Romoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University Of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Jessica Iorio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University Of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Tiziano Lottini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University Of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Mariella Chiudinelli
- Pathology Division, Esine Hospital, ASST della Valcamonica, Esine, BS 25040, Italy
| | | | - Carla Vindigni
- Pathology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Anna Tomezzoli
- Pathology Division, Borgo Trento Hospital, Verona 37134, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Compagnoni
- Surgery Division, Esine Hospital, ASST della Valcamonica, Esine, BS 25040, Italy
| | - Ilaria Manzi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy
| | - Luca Messerini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University Of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Luca Saragoni
- Pathology Division, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University Of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
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7
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Jia Y, Gao Y, Li J, Chang Z, Yan J, Qin Y. Prognostic implications of MYBL2 in resected Chinese gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1129-1135. [PMID: 30809094 PMCID: PMC6376880 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s188820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Gastric cancer (GC), a malignant tumor worldwide, is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage. We selected the oncogene encoding transcription factors MYBL2 to investigate the connection between MYBL2 expression and GC prognosis. Materials and methods MYBL2 mRNA and protein expression were measured by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relationship between MYBL2 protein expression and survival time was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the prognostic impact of MYBL2 expression. Results The overexpression of MYBL2 was related to tumor cell differentiation, Lauren type, and metastasis of lymph nodes (P<0.05). In the MYBL2 overexpression group, the median disease free survival was even poorer (P=0.000) and it comes to median overall survival (P=0.000). The study showed that MYBL2 expression was an independent hazard for disease free survival (P=0.004). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that MYBL2 could indicate a promisingly prognostic biomarker for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxu Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yaping Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhiwei Chang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China,
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8
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Fassan M, Cui R, Gasparini P, Mescoli C, Guzzardo V, Vicentini C, Munari G, Loupakis F, Lonardi S, Braconi C, Scarpa M, D'Angelo E, Pucciarelli S, Angriman I, Agostini M, D'Incá R, Farinati F, Gafà R, Lanza G, Frankel WL, Croce CM, Valeri N, Rugge M. miR-224 Is Significantly Upregulated and Targets Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 During Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:282-291. [PMID: 30448733 PMCID: PMC6240712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-224 has recently emerged as a driver oncomiR in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis, but its pathogenetic role is still controversial. A large phenotypical and molecularly characterized series of preinvasive and invasive colorectal lesions was investigated for miR-224 expression by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The caspase-3 and caspase-7 status was also assessed and correlated to miR-224 dysregulation. miR-224 was significantly upregulated during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in the context of inflammatory bowel disease dysplastic lesions, whereas its expression was significantly downregulated among BRAF-mutated tumors and in the presence of a DNA mismatch repair deficiency. miR-224 targets caspase-3 and caspase-7 in colorectal cancer, and this inverse relation was already evident from the earliest phases of transformation in intestinal mucosa. The miR-224/caspases axis may represent an interesting field of study for innovative biomarkers/therapeutics for BRAF-mutated/DNA mismatch repair-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ri Cui
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Pierluigi Gasparini
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Giada Munari
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo D'Angelo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Imerio Angriman
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Renata D'Incá
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Wendy L Frankel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Carlo Maria Croce
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK; Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London and Sutton, UK.
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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9
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Cappellesso R, Coati I, Barzon L, Peta E, Masi G, Scarpa M, Lanza C, Michelotto M, Ruol A, Cesaro S, Castoro C, Palù G, Nuovo GJ, Fassan M, Rugge M. Human papillomavirus infection is not involved in esophageal verrucous carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 85:50-57. [PMID: 30423307 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus (VCE) is a rare variant of squamous cell cancer, with a puzzling clinical, etiological, and molecular profile. The etiological involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the cancer's natural history is controversial. This study considers 9 cases of VCE, focusing on patients' clinical history before surgery, histologic phenotype, immunophenotype (epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], E-cadherin, cyclin D1, p16, and p53 expression), HPV infection, and TP53 gene mutational status (exons 5-8). Using 3 different molecular test methods, not one of these cases of VCE featured HPV infection. The only case with synchronous nodal metastasis was characterized by a TP53 missense point mutation in association with high EGFR and low E-cadherin expression levels. In conclusion, HPV infection is probably not involved with VCE, while TP53 gene mutation, EGFR overexpression, and E-cadherin loss might fuel the tumor's proliferation and lend it a metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Cappellesso
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
| | - Irene Coati
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Microbiology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Elektra Peta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Microbiology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Giulia Masi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Microbiology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), IRCCS, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Cristiano Lanza
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
| | - Mauro Michelotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
| | - Alberto Ruol
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Sonia Cesaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
| | - Carlo Castoro
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), IRCCS, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Microbiology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Gerard J Nuovo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210 USA
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy.
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
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10
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Su C, Li H, Peng Z, Ke D, Fu H, Zheng X. Identification of plasma RGS18 and PPBP mRNAs as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer using transcriptome arrays. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:247-255. [PMID: 30655761 PMCID: PMC6313195 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coding and noncoding RNAs serve a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Circulating RNAs have been recognized as a novel category of biomarkers for a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. To identify plasma RNA biomarkers for gastric cancer (GC), a genome-wide transcriptome analysis using GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array, which contains probe sets covering exons of ~67500 coding and noncoding transcripts of annotated genes, was performed to screen for the RNAs that exhibited differential expression in the plasma samples of patients with GC and controls. The expression levels of 6 candidate RNAs, including regulator of G-protein signaling 18 (RGS18), integral membrane protein 2B, pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP), nucleosome assembly protein1-like 1, n324674 and ENST00000442382 were assessed in the plasma samples of 81 patients with GC and 77 healthy participants using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the expression levels of RGS18 and PPBP mRNAs were indicated to be significantly differentially expressed (P<0.0001) in an independent panel of plasma samples of 36 patients with GC compared with 34 healthy participants. The potential association of RGS18 and PPBP mRNA expression levels with clinicopathological features was subsequently analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the combination of these 2 mRNAs with an area under curve <0.812 was an improved indicator for gastric cancer compared with respective individual levels. The results of the present study indicate that RGS18 and PPBP mRNA expression was significantly downregulated in the plasma of patients with GC, and the combination of these 2 mRNAs may be a useful diagnostic or prognostic marker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, The Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.,Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Hanwei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, The Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.,College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100851, P.R. China
| | - Dong Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hanjiang Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, The Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.,Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, The Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.,Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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11
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Fassan M, Vianello L, Sacchi D, Fanelli GN, Munari G, Scarpa M, Cappellesso R, Loupakis F, Lanza C, Salmaso R, Mescoli C, Valeri N, Agostini M, D’Angelo E, Lonardi S, Pucciarelli S, Veronese N, Luchini C, Rugge M. Assessment of intratumor immune-microenvironment in colorectal cancers with extranodal extension of nodal metastases. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:131. [PMID: 30202242 PMCID: PMC6127990 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No data is available on the molecular background of the extra-nodal extension (ENE) of lymph node metastasis (LN) in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A series of 22 ENE-positive CRCs was considered and three samples per case were selected (the primary CRC, an ENE-negative and an ENE-positive metastatic LN). Samples (n = 66) were analysed by immunohistochemistry for PD-L1, CD4, CD8, CD68 and CD80. Fifteen out of twenty-two cases were further profiled through a hotspot multigene mutational custom panel, including 164 hotspot regions of AKT1, APC, BRAF, CTNNB1, KIT, KRAS, NRAS, PDGFRA, PIK3CA, PTEN and TP53 genes. RESULTS A significantly higher percentage of CD4-, CD8- and CD68-positive cells was observed at the invasive front of both CRCs and in ENE in contrast with what observed at the core of both CRCs and their matched nodal metastases. ENE was also characterized by a significantly higher number of CD80-positive cells. No significant difference was observed in PD-L1 distribution among the different specimens. Fourteen out of 15 CRCs (93%) showed at least a driver mutation. The most frequently mutated gene was TP53 (n = 8 tumors), followed by APC (n = 6), BRAF (n = 4), KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA (n = 2). In 11 out of 15 CRCs (73%) the mutational profiling of the primary tumor was consistent with what obtained from the two matched LNs. CONCLUSIONS A heterogeneous intratumor immune-microenvironment has been observed in ENE-positive CRCs, which are characterized by an increased leukocytic infiltration at the ENE invasive front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Vianello
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Sacchi
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe N. Fanelli
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giada Munari
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, PD Italy
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Unit of Oncology 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, PD Italy
| | - Cristiano Lanza
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Salmaso
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, London, UK
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, PD Italy
- Nanoinspired Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, PD Italy
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Edoardo D’Angelo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, PD Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Unit of Oncology 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, PD Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, PD Italy
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, VR Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Veneto Cancer Registry, Padua, PD Italy
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12
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Fassan M, Realdon S, Vianello L, Quarta S, Ruol A, Castoro C, Scarpa M, Zaninotto G, Guzzardo V, Chiarion Sileni V, Pontisso P, Rugge M. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is up-regulated during Barrett's carcinogenesis and predicts esophageal adenocarcinoma resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24372-24379. [PMID: 28042960 PMCID: PMC5421854 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCCA) is consistently overexpressed in many different solid tumors, and has been associated with both tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance. No data, however, is currently available on SCCA expression during esophageal Barrett's carcinogenesis, nor on SCCA expression's role on esophageal adenocarcinoma chemoresistance. The SCCA immunohistochemical expression was assessed in a series of 100 biopsy samples covering the whole histological spectrum of Barrett's oncogenesis. Squamous native mucosa was characterized by a moderate to strong cytoplasmic and nuclear SCCA expression in suprabasal, medium, and superficial layers. On the other hand, almost half of the considered lesions did not express SCCA; the other half featured weak to moderate SCCA expression. The relationship between SCCA protein expression and tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed in 90 esophageal adenocarcinoma specimens (40 biopsy and 50 surgery specimens), stratified according to Mandard tumor regression grade. As observed in other settings, the presence of SCCA expression clustered in the group of tumors characterized by a lower responsiveness to neoadjuvant treatments. The present results suggest an involvement of SCCA in a subset of Barrett-related tumors, and prompt to consider the SCCA-protein expression as response-predictive marker of neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Gastroenterology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Vianello
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Santina Quarta
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), 5th Medical Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Ruol
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Castoro
- Esophageal and Digestive Tract Surgical Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Esophageal and Digestive Tract Surgical Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zaninotto
- Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Surgery, London, UK
| | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vanna Chiarion Sileni
- Melanoma & Esophageal Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), 5th Medical Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Tumour Registry, Veneto Region, Padua, Italy
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13
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Rugge M, Genta RM, Di Mario F, El-Omar EM, El-Serag HB, Fassan M, Hunt RH, Kuipers EJ, Malfertheiner P, Sugano K, Graham DY. Gastric Cancer as Preventable Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:1833-1843. [PMID: 28532700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer, 1 of the 5 most common causes of cancer death, is associated with a 5-year overall survival rate less than 30%. A minority of cancers occurs as part of syndromic diseases; more than 90% of adenocarcinomas are considered as the ultimate consequence of a longstanding mucosal inflammation. Helicobacter pylori infection is the leading etiology of non-self-limiting gastritis, which may result in atrophy of the gastric mucosa and impaired acid secretion. Gastric atrophy establishes a field of cancerization prone to further molecular and phenotypic changes, possibly resulting in cancer growth. This well-understood natural history provides the clinicopathologic rationale for primary and secondary cancer prevention strategies. A large body of evidence demonstrates that combined primary (H pylori eradication) and secondary (mainly endoscopy) prevention efforts may prevent or limit the progression of gastric oncogenesis. This approach, which is tailored to different country-specific gastric cancer incidence, socioeconomic, and cultural factors, requires that the complementary competences of gastroenterologists, oncologists, and pathologists be amalgamated into a common strategy of health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Veneto Tumor Registry, Veneto Region, Padua, Italy.
| | - Robert M Genta
- Miraca Life Sciences Research Institute, Irving, and Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Francesco Di Mario
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Richard H Hunt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kentaro Sugano
- Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - David Y Graham
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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14
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Fassan M, Facchin S, Munari G, Fanelli GN, Lorenzon G, Savarino E. Noncoding RNAs as drivers of the phenotypic plasticity of oesophageal mucosa. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7653-7656. [PMID: 29209106 PMCID: PMC5703925 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i43.7653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The histological commitment of the lower oesophageal mucosa largely depends on a complex molecular landscape. After extended inflammatory insult due to gastroesophageal reflux disease, squamous oesophageal mucosa may differentiate into columnar metaplastic mucosa. In this setting, the presence of intestinal metaplasia is considered the starting point of Barrett’s carcinogenetic cascade. Aside from secondary prevention strategies for Barrett’s mucosa (BM) patients, there are multiple endoscopic ablative therapies available for BM eradication and for the replacement of metaplastic epithelia with a neosquamous mucosa. However, BM frequently recurs in a few years, which supports the notable phenotypic plasticity of the oesophageal mucosa. In recent years, several reports pinpointed a class of small noncoding RNAs, the microRNAs (miRNAs), as principal effectors and regulators of oesophageal mucosa metaplastic (and neoplastic) transformation. Because of miRNAs notable stability in fixed archival diagnostic specimens, expression profiling of miRNAs represent an innovative diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tool in the stratification of phenotypic alterations in the oesophageal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35100, Italy
| | - Sonia Facchin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua 35100, Italy
| | - Giada Munari
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35100, Italy
| | | | - Greta Lorenzon
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua 35100, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua 35100, Italy
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15
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Haghighi M, Packey C, Gonda TA. Endoscopic Ultrasonography with Fine-needle Aspiration: New Techniques for Interpretation of Endoscopic Ultrasonography Cytology and Histology Specimens. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2017; 27:601-614. [PMID: 28918801 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in the last few years in the technologies for sampling pancreatic masses, and in the understanding of the biology of pancreatic cancer. Better and more targeted treatments are likely to become available. Because most pancreatic cancers are likely to remain unresectable at diagnosis, high-quality, high-cellularity specimens are essential. A tailored approach that considers indication, location, and treatment possibilities needs to be taken before embarking on a pancreatic biopsy. Because the demand from oncologists and patients for increasingly personalized therapy is likely to grow, optimal sampling beyond diagnostic accuracy is likely to become increasingly critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrvash Haghighi
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, 161, Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Christopher Packey
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 161, Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Tamas A Gonda
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 161, Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10023, USA.
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16
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Fabbri C, Gibiino G, Fornelli A, Cennamo V, Grifoni D, Visani M, Acquaviva G, Fassan M, Fiorino S, Giovanelli S, Bassi M, Ghersi S, Tallini G, Jovine E, Gasbarrini A, de Biase D. Team work and cytopathology molecular diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions. Dig Endosc 2017; 29:657-666. [PMID: 28190274 DOI: 10.1111/den.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-associated death in the next decade or so. It is widely accepted that tumorigenesis is linked to specific alterations in key genes and pancreatic neoplasms are some of the best characterized at the genomic level. Recent whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing analyses confirmed that PDAC is frequently characterized by mutations in a set of four genes among others: KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A/p16, and SMAD4. Sequencing, for example, is the preferable technique available for detecting KRAS mutations, whereas in situ immunochemistry is the main approach for detecting TP53 gene alteration. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of PDAC is still a clinical challenge, involving adequate acquisition of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and specific pathological assessment from tissue architecture to specific biomolecular tests. The aim of the present review is to provide a complete overview of the current knowledge of the biology of pancreatic cancer as detected by the latest biomolecular techniques and, moreover, to propose a paradigm for strict teamwork collaboration in order to improve the correct use of diagnostic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Fabbri
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Giulia Gibiino
- Medical Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Fornelli
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, AUSL of Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cennamo
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Medicine (DIMES), Molecular Diagnostic Unit AUSL of Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Italy
| | - Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (DIMES), Molecular Diagnostic Unit AUSL of Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Anatomic Pathology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Giovanelli
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Marco Bassi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Stefania Ghersi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (DIMES), Molecular Diagnostic Unit AUSL of Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Italy
| | - Elio Jovine
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Medical Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Italy
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17
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Procaccio L, Schirripa M, Fassan M, Vecchione L, Bergamo F, Prete AA, Intini R, Manai C, Dadduzio V, Boscolo A, Zagonel V, Lonardi S. Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4346576. [PMID: 28758114 PMCID: PMC5512095 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4346576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers represent a major public health problem worldwide. Immunotherapeutic strategies are currently under investigation in this setting and preliminary results of ongoing trials adopting checkpoint inhibitors are striking. Indeed, although a poor immunogenicity for GI has been reported, a strong biological rationale supports the development of immunotherapy in this field. The clinical and translational research on immunotherapy for the treatment of GI cancers started firstly with the identification of immune-related mechanisms possibly relevant to GI tumours and secondly with the development of immunotherapy-based agents in clinical trials. In the present review a general overview is firstly provided followed by a focus on major findings on gastric, colorectal, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Finally, pathological and molecular perspectives are provided since many efforts are ongoing in order to identify possible predictive biomarkers and to improve patients' selection. Many issues are still unsolved in this field; however, we strongly believe that immunotherapy might positively affect the natural history of a subgroup of GI cancer patients improving outcome and the overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Procaccio
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Loredana Vecchione
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Anna Prete
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Intini
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Manai
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dadduzio
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Boscolo
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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18
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Fassan M, Rusev B, Corbo V, Gasparini P, Luchini C, Vicentini C, Mafficini A, Paiella S, Salvia R, Cataldo I, Scarpa A, Huebner K. Fhit down-regulation is an early event in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Virchows Arch 2017; 470:647-653. [PMID: 28289900 PMCID: PMC5568551 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Fhit expression characterizes a large proportion of primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs), but fragmentary information is available on Fhit expression during the phenotypic changes of pancreatic ductal epithelium during multistep transformation. We assessed Fhit expression by immunohistochemistry in two different multistep pancreatic carcinogenic processes: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN). We considered 105 surgically treated PDACs/IPMNs and selected 30 samples of non-neoplastic pancreatic parenchyma, 50 PanIN lesions, 30 IPMNs, 15 IPMNs with associated invasive carcinoma, and 60 adenocarcinomas. Normal pancreatic ducts and surrounding acinar cells consistently showed moderate to strong Fhit immunoreactivity. Significant down-regulation of Fhit expression was observed in association with increasing severity of dysplastia/neoplastia in both carcinogenic processes. This was further confirmed by studying multiple lesions obtained from the same surgical specimen. Of 60 PDACs, only 14 showed Fhit expression comparable to normal pancreatic ductal epithelium, while the remainder (77%) showed clearly negative or reduced Fhit expression. This study demonstrates that Fhit down-regulation is an early event in both multistep carcinogenic processes leading to PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- ARC-NET Research Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 61, 35121, Padua, Italy.
| | - Borislav Rusev
- ARC-NET Research Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- ARC-NET Research Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Gasparini
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Claudio Luchini
- ARC-NET Research Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Surgical Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Caterina Vicentini
- ARC-NET Research Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-NET Research Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Paiella
- Department of Surgery, Unit of General Surgery B, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Salvia
- Department of Surgery, Unit of General Surgery B, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ivana Cataldo
- ARC-NET Research Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET Research Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Surgical Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kay Huebner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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19
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Saraggi D, Fassan M, Mescoli C, Scarpa M, Valeri N, Michielan A, D'Incá R, Rugge M. The molecular landscape of colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:326-330. [PMID: 28089111 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the well-established histopathological phenotyping of IBD-associated preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, their molecular landscape remains to be fully elucidated. Several studies have pinpointed the initiating role of longstanding/relapsing inflammatory insult on the intestinal mucosa, with the activation of different pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ), chemokines and metabolites of arachidonic acid resulting in the activation of key transcription factors such as NF-κB. Longstanding inflammation may also modify the intestinal microbiota, prompting the overgrowth of genotoxic microorganisms, which may act as further cancer promoters. Most of the molecular dysregulation occurring in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis is documented in colitis-associated adenocarcinoma too, but marked differences have been established in both their timing and prevalence. Unlike sporadic cancers, TP53 alterations occur early in IBD-related carcinogenesis, while APC dysregulation emerges mainly in the most advanced stages of the oncogenic cascade. From the therapeutic standpoint, colitis-associated cancers are associated with a lower prevalence of KRAS mutations than the sporadic variant. Epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs, are significantly involved in colitis-associated cancer development and progression. The focus now is on identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, with a view to ultimately designing patient-tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Saraggi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Surgical Oncology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrea Michielan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Renata D'Incá
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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20
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Fassan M, Saraggi D, Balsamo L, Realdon S, Scarpa M, Castoro C, Coati I, Salmaso R, Farinati F, Guzzardo V, Arcidiacono D, Munari G, Gasparini P, Veronese N, Luchini C, Valeri N, Rugge M. Early miR-223 Upregulation in Gastroesophageal Carcinogenesis. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 147:301-308. [PMID: 28395057 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test miR-223 upregulation during gastric (intestinal-type) and Barrett esophageal carcinogenesis. METHODS miR-223 expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in a series of 280 gastroesophageal biopsy samples representative of the whole spectrum of phenotypic changes involved in both carcinogenetic cascades. The results were further validated by in situ hybridization on multiple tissue specimens obtained from six surgically treated gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. miR-223 expression was also assessed in plasma samples from 30 patients with early stage (ie, stages I and II) gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma and relative controls. RESULTS In both gastric and esophageal models, miR-223 expression significantly increased along with the severity of the considered lesions (analysis of variance, P < .001). Among atrophic gastritis and long-segment Barrett esophagus samples, miR-223 overexpression was significantly associated with the score of intestinal metaplasia. miR-223 plasma levels were significantly upregulated in patients with cancer compared with controls ( t test, both P < .001). CONCLUSIONS miR-223 early upregulation observed in tissue samples and its diagnostic value in discriminating patients with early adenocarcinoma by plasma testing provide a solid rationale for further exploring the diagnostic reliability of this microRNA as a novel biomarker in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma secondary prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- From the Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit
| | - Deborah Saraggi
- From the Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit
| | - Laura Balsamo
- From the Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit
| | | | - Marco Scarpa
- Surgery Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Castoro
- Surgery Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Irene Coati
- From the Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit
| | - Roberta Salmaso
- From the Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Gastroenterology Unit
| | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- From the Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit
| | - Diletta Arcidiacono
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Gastroenterology Unit
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine
| | - Giada Munari
- From the Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit
| | - Pierluigi Gasparini
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Gastrointestinal Oncology and Lymphoma, Royal Mardsen Hospital, London and Sutton, UK
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Massimo Rugge
- From the Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit
- Veneto Tumour Registry, Padua, Italy
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Comprehensive molecular portrait using next generation sequencing of resected intestinal-type gastric cancer patients dichotomized according to prognosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22982. [PMID: 26961069 PMCID: PMC4785368 DOI: 10.1038/srep22982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated whether the presence of genetic alterations detected by next generation sequencing may define outcome in a prognostically-selected and histology-restricted population of resected gastric cancer (RGC). Intestinal type RGC samples from 34 patients, including 21 best and 13 worst prognostic performers, were studied. Mutations in 50 cancer-associated genes were evaluated. A significant difference between good and poor prognosis was found according to clinico-pathologic factors. The most commonly mutated genes in the whole population were PIK3CA (29.4%), KRAS (26.5%), TP53 (26.5%) MET (8.8%), SMAD4 (8.8%) and STK11 (8.8%). Multiple gene mutations were found in 14/21 (67%) patients with good prognosis, and 3/13 (23%) in the poor prognosis group. A single gene alteration was found in 5/21 (24%) good and 6/13 (46%) poor prognosis patients. No mutation was found in 2/21 (9.5%) and 4/13 (31%) of these groups, respectively. In the overall series, ß-catenin expression was the highest (82.4%), followed by E-Cadherin (76.5%) and FHIT (52.9%). The good prognosis group was characterized by a high mutation rate and microsatellite instability. Our proof-of-principle study demonstrates the feasibility of a molecular profiling approach with the aim to identify potentially druggable pathways and drive the development of customized therapies for RGC.
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22
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Fassan M, Saraggi D, Balsamo L, Cascione L, Castoro C, Coati I, De Bernard M, Farinati F, Guzzardo V, Valeri N, Zambon CF, Rugge M. Let-7c down-regulation in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4915-24. [PMID: 26701848 PMCID: PMC4826253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant let-7c microRNA (miRNA) expression has been observed in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer (GC) but fragmentary information is available on the let-7c dysregulation occurring with each phenotypic change involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Let-7c expression was assessed (qRT-PCR) in a series of 175 gastric biopsy samples representative of the whole spectrum of phenotypic changes involved in H. pylori-related gastric oncogenesis including: i) normal gastric mucosa, as obtained from dyspeptic controls (40 biopsy samples); ii) non-atrophic gastritis (40 samples); iii) atrophic-metaplastic gastritis (35 samples); iv) intra-epithelial neoplasia (30 samples); v) GC (30 samples). Let-7c expression was also tested in 20 biopsy samples obtained from 10 patients before and after H. pylori eradication therapy (median follow-up: 10 weeks; range: 7-14). The results obtained were further validated by in situ hybridization on multiple tissue specimens obtained from 5 surgically treated H. pylori-related GCs. The study also included 40 oxyntic biopsy samples obtained from serologically/histologically confirmed autoimmune gastritis (AIG: 20 corpus-restricted, non-atrophic; 20 corpus-restricted, atrophic-metaplastic). Let-7c expression dropped from non-atrophic gastritis to atrophic-metaplastic gastritis, intra-epithelial neoplasia, and invasive GC (p<0.001). It rose again significantly following H. pylori eradication (p=0.009). As in the H. pylori model, AIG also featured a significant let-7c down-regulation (p<0.001). The earliest phases of the two pathways to gastric oncogenesis (H. pylori-environmental and autoimmune host-related) are characterized by similar let-7c dysregulations. In H. pylori infection, let-7c down-regulation regresses after the bacterium's eradication, while it progresses significantly with the increasing severity of the histological lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Deborah Saraggi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Balsamo
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lymphoma & Genomics Group, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Castoro
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Surgery Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Irene Coati
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Farinati
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Carlo Federico Zambon
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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23
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Hunt RH, Camilleri M, Crowe SE, El-Omar EM, Fox JG, Kuipers EJ, Malfertheiner P, McColl KEL, Pritchard DM, Rugge M, Sonnenberg A, Sugano K, Tack J. The stomach in health and disease. Gut 2015; 64:1650-68. [PMID: 26342014 PMCID: PMC4835810 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The stomach is traditionally regarded as a hollow muscular sac that initiates the second phase of digestion. Yet this simple view ignores the fact that it is the most sophisticated endocrine organ with unique physiology, biochemistry, immunology and microbiology. All ingested materials, including our nutrition, have to negotiate this organ first, and as such, the stomach is arguably the most important segment within the GI tract. The unique biological function of gastric acid secretion not only initiates the digestive process but also acts as a first line of defence against food-borne microbes. Normal gastric physiology and morphology may be disrupted by Helicobacter pylori infection, the most common chronic bacterial infection in the world and the aetiological agent for most peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In this state-of-the-art review, the most relevant new aspects of the stomach in health and disease are addressed. Topics include gastric physiology and the role of gastric dysmotility in dyspepsia and gastroparesis; the stomach in appetite control and obesity; there is an update on the immunology of the stomach and the emerging field of the gastric microbiome. H. pylori-induced gastritis and its associated diseases including peptic ulcers and gastric cancer are addressed together with advances in diagnosis. The conclusions provide a future approach to gastric diseases underpinned by the concept that a healthy stomach is the gateway to a healthy and balanced host. This philosophy should reinforce any public health efforts designed to eradicate major gastric diseases, including stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Hunt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Health Science Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Camilleri
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - S E Crowe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - E M El-Omar
- Division of Applied Medicine, Aberdeen University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Malfertheiner
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologi Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R.Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K E L McColl
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D M Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Rugge
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Sonnenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - K Sugano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - J Tack
- Translational Research in GastroIntestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Abstract
MiR-182 expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization in 20 tubular adenomas, 50 colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and 40 CRC liver metastases. Control samples obtained from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, or tumor-matched normal colon mucosa were analyzed (n=50). MiR-182 expression increased progressively and significantly along with the colorectal carcinogenesis cascade, and in CRC liver metastases. The inverse relation between miR-182 and the expression of its target gene ENTPD5 was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. We observed that normal colocytes featured a strong ENTPD5 cytoplasmic expression whereas a significantly and progressively lower expression was present along with dedifferentiation of the histologic phenotype. Plasma samples from 51 CRC patients and controls were tested for miR-182 expression. Plasma miR-182 concentrations were significantly higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls or patients with colon polyps at endoscopy. Moreover, miR-182 plasma levels were significantly reduced in post-operative samples after radical hepatic metastasectomy compared to preoperative samples. Our results strengthen the hypothesis of a central role of miR-182 dysregulation in colon mucosa transformation, demonstrate the concomitant progressive down-regulation of ENTPD5 levels during colon carcinogenesis, and indicate the potential of circulating miR-182 as blood based biomarker for screening and monitoring CRC during the follow-up.
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25
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Fassan M, Simbolo M, Bria E, Mafficini A, Pilotto S, Capelli P, Bencivenga M, Pecori S, Luchini C, Neves D, Turri G, Vicentini C, Montagna L, Tomezzoli A, Tortora G, Chilosi M, De Manzoni G, Scarpa A. High-throughput mutation profiling identifies novel molecular dysregulation in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early gastric cancers. Gastric Cancer 2015; 17:442-9. [PMID: 24272205 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-013-0315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is still no widely accepted molecular marker available to distinguish between gastric high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-IEN) and invasive early gastric cancer (EGC). METHODS HG-IEN and EGC lesions coexisting in the same patient were manually microdissected from a series of 15 gastrectomies for EGC; 40 ng DNA was used for multiplex PCR amplification using the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Panel, which explores the mutational status of hotspot regions in 50 cancer-associated genes. RESULTS Of the 15 EGCs, 12 presented at least one somatic mutation among the 50 investigated genes, and 6 of these showed multiple driver gene somatic mutations. TP53 mutations were observed in 9 cases; APC mutations were identified in 3 cases; and ATM and STK11 were mutated in 2 cases. Seven HG-IEN lesions shared an identical mutational profile with the EGC from the same patient; 13 mutations observed in APC, ATM, FGFR3, PIK3CA, RB1, STK11, and TP53 genes were shared by both HG-IEN and ECG lesions. CDKN2A, IDH2, MET, and RET mutations were observed only in EGC. TP53 deregulation was further investigated in an independent series of 75 biopsies corresponding to all the phenotypic lesions occurring in the EGC carcinogenetic cascade. p53 nuclear immunoreaction progressively increased along with the dedifferentiation of the lesions (P < 0.001). Overall, 18 of 20 p53-positive lesions showed a TP53 mutated gene. DISCUSSION Our results support the molecular similarity between HG-IEN and EGC and suggest a relevant role for TP53 in the progression to the invasive phenotype and the use of immunohistochemistry as a surrogate to detect TP53 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, ARC-NET Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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26
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Multigene mutational profiling of cholangiocarcinomas identifies actionable molecular subgroups. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2839-52. [PMID: 24867389 PMCID: PMC4058049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One-hundred-fifty-three biliary cancers, including 70 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC), 57 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ECC) and 26 gallbladder carcinomas (GBC) were assessed for mutations in 56 genes using multigene next-generation sequencing. Expression of EGFR and mTOR pathway genes was investigated by immunohistochemistry. At least one mutated gene was observed in 118/153 (77%) cancers. The genes most frequently involved were KRAS (28%), TP53 (18%), ARID1A (12%), IDH1/2 (9%), PBRM1 (9%), BAP1 (7%), and PIK3CA (7%). IDH1/2 (p=0.0005) and BAP1 (p=0.0097) mutations were characteristic of ICC, while KRAS (p=0.0019) and TP53 (p=0.0019) were more frequent in ECC and GBC. Multivariate analysis identified tumour stage and TP53 mutations as independent predictors of survival. Alterations in chromatin remodeling genes (ARID1A, BAP1, PBRM1, SMARCB1) were seen in 31% of cases. Potentially actionable mutations were seen in 104/153 (68%) cancers: i) KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations were found in 34% of cancers; ii) mTOR pathway activation was documented by immunohistochemistry in 51% of cases and by mutations in mTOR pathway genes in 19% of cancers; iii) TGF-ß/Smad signaling was altered in 10.5% cancers; iv) mutations in tyrosine kinase receptors were found in 9% cases. Our study identified molecular subgroups of cholangiocarcinomas that can be explored for specific drug targeting in clinical trials.
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28
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Rugge M, Capelle LG, Fassan M. Individual risk stratification of gastric cancer: evolving concepts and their impact on clinical practice. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 28:1043-53. [PMID: 25439070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and it mostly develops in long-standing inflammatory conditions, and Helicobacter pylori-gastritis, in particular. Despite the increasing understanding of both the phenotypic alterations and the molecular mechanisms occurring during GC multi-step carcinogenesis, no reliable biomarker is available to be reliably implemented into GC secondary prevention strategies. Multidisciplinary diagnostic approaches integrating endoscopy, serology, histology and molecular profiling currently appears as the most appropriate approach for patients' stratification into different GC risk classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine, DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy.
| | - Lisette G Capelle
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
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29
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Park JM, Han NY, Han YM, Chung MK, Lee HK, Ko KH, Kim EH, Hahm KB. Predictive proteomic biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease-associated cancer: Where are we now in the era of the next generation proteomics? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13466-13476. [PMID: 25309077 PMCID: PMC4188898 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genomic medicine have opened up the possibility of tailored medicine that may eventually replace traditional “one-size-fits all” approaches to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition to exploring the interactions between hosts and microbes, referred to as the microbiome, a variety of strategies that can be tailored to an individual in the coming era of personalized medicine in the treatment of IBD are being investigated. These include prompt genomic screening of patients at risk of developing IBD, the utility of molecular discrimination of IBD subtypes among patients diagnosed with IBD, and the discovery of proteome biomarkers to diagnose or predict cancer risks. Host genetic factors influence the etiology of IBD, as do microbial ecosystems in the human bowel, which are not uniform, but instead represent many different microhabitats that can be influenced by diet and might affect processes essential to bowel metabolism. Further advances in basic research regarding intestinal inflammation may reveal new insights into the role of inflammatory mediators, referred to as the inflammasome, and the macromolecular complex of metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria. Collectively, knowledge of the inflammasome and metagenomics will lead to the development of biomarkers for IBD that target specific pathogenic mechanisms involved in the spontaneous progress of IBD. In this review article, our recent results regarding the discovery of potential proteomic biomarkers using a label-free quantification technique are introduced and on-going projects contributing to either the discrimination of IBD subtypes or to the prediction of cancer risks are accompanied by updated information from IBD biomarker research.
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Chen X, Sun J, Song Y, Gao P, Zhao J, Huang X, Liu B, Xu H, Wang Z. The novel long noncoding RNA AC138128.1 may be a predictive biomarker in gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:262. [PMID: 25260808 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the differential expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays critical roles in carcinogenesis. However, the significance of lncRNA in the diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the expression level of AC138128.1, a novel lncRNA, in GC and its clinical association. The expression of AC138128.1 in 94 pairs of tumors and normal adjacent tissues (NAT) from patients with GC was detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The potential association between AC138128.1 expression level in GC tissue and clinicopathological features was analyzed. Finally, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed. The results showed that the expression level of AC138128.1 in GC was significantly decreased compared to that in NAT (p < 0.001). Levels of AC138128.1 in the GC cell lines, AGS BGC-823, HG27, and SGC-7901 were lower than those in the human normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Moreover, the area under the ROC curve was 0.688. This study demonstrates that lncRNA AC138128.1 might be a novel biomarker for predicting GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
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31
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Fassan M, Dall'Olmo L, Galasso M, Braconi C, Pizzi M, Realdon S, Volinia S, Valeri N, Gasparini P, Baffa R, Souza RF, Vicentini C, D'Angelo E, Bornschein J, Nuovo GJ, Zaninotto G, Croce CM, Rugge M. Transcribed ultraconserved noncoding RNAs (T-UCR) are involved in Barrett's esophagus carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2014; 5:7162-71. [PMID: 25216530 PMCID: PMC4196192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) involves a metaplastic replacement of native esophageal squamous epithelium (Sq) by columnar-intestinalized mucosa, and it is the main risk factor for Barrett-related adenocarcinoma (BAc). Ultra-conserved regions (UCRs) are a class non-coding sequences that are conserved in humans, mice and rats. More than 90% of UCRs are transcribed (T-UCRs) in normal tissues, and are altered at transcriptional level in tumorigenesis. To identify the T-UCR profiles that are dysregulated in Barrett's mucosa transformation, microarray analysis was performed on a discovery set of 51 macro-dissected samples obtained from 14 long-segment BE patients. Results were validated in an independent series of esophageal biopsy/surgery specimens and in two murine models of Barrett's esophagus (i.e. esophagogastric-duodenal anastomosis). Progression from normal to BE to adenocarcinoma was each associated with specific and mutually exclusive T-UCR signatures that included up-regulation of uc.58-, uc.202-, uc.207-, and uc.223- and down-regulation of uc.214+. A 9 T-UCR signature characterized BE versus Sq (with the down-regulation of uc.161-, uc.165-, and uc.327-, and the up-regulation of uc.153-, uc.158-, uc.206-, uc.274-, uc.472-, and uc.473-). Analogous BE-specific T-UCR profiles were shared by human and murine lesions. This study is the first demonstration of a role for T-UCRs in the transformation of Barrett's mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Marco Galasso
- Department of Morphology and Embryology; University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Volinia
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Morphology and Embryology; University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaele Baffa
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Current address: Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rhonda F. Souza
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center & VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Edoardo D'Angelo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jan Bornschein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gerard J. Nuovo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Giovanni Zaninotto
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto - IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Shao Y, Ye M, Jiang X, Sun W, Ding X, Liu Z, Ye G, Zhang X, Xiao B, Guo J. Gastric juice long noncoding RNA used as a tumor marker for screening gastric cancer. Cancer 2014; 120:3320-8. [PMID: 24986041 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. However, the value of lncRNAs in the diagnosis of gastric cancer remains unknown. To identify whether lncRNA-AA174084 is a potential marker for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC), the authors investigated its levels in tissues, blood, and gastric juices from patients with various stage of gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS Total RNA in 860 specimens from patients and healthy controls was extracted. Levels of AA174084 in 134 paired GC tissues, 127 gastric mucosal tissues, 335 plasma samples, and 130 gastric juice samples at each stage of gastric tumorigenesis were measured using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The potential association between AA174084 levels and patients' clinicopathologic features were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed for differentiating GC patients from controls. RESULTS Expression levels of AA174084 were down-regulated significantly in 95 of 134 GC tissues (71%) compared with the levels in paired, adjacent, normal tissues (P < .001). AA174084 levels had significant, negative correlations with age (P = .031), Borrmann type (P = .016), and perineural invasion (P = .032). Plasma AA174084 levels in patients with GC dropped markedly on day 15 after surgery compared with preoperative levels (P < .001) and were associated with invasion (P = .049) and lymphatic metastasis (P = .042). AA174084 levels in gastric juice from patients with GC were significantly higher than the levels in normal mucosa or in patients with minimal gastritis, gastric ulcers, and atrophic gastritis (P < .001). The area under ROC was up to 0.848 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AA174084 may have potential as marker for the early diagnosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Shao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
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Shao Y, Chen H, Jiang X, Chen S, Li P, Ye M, Li Q, Sun W, Guo J. Low expression of lncRNA-HMlincRNA717 in human gastric cancer and its clinical significances. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9591-5. [PMID: 24961350 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been gradually confirmed to be tumor-associated biological molecules in recent years. However, the clinical significances of most lncRNAs in the screening of gastric cancer are largely unknown. Based on our lncRNA array results, in this study, we explored the potential relationship between HMlincRNA717 expression levels and clinicopathologic factors of gastric cancer. A total of 313 samples were collected from two cancer centers, and then HMlincRNA717 level in human gastric cancer tissues and gastric cell lines was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Then, HMlincRNA717 levels at multiple stages of gastric tumorigenesis were investigated and the potential association between it levels, and clinicopathological features were analyzed. The expression levels of HMlincRNA717 in five gastric cancer cell lines, AGS, BGC-823, HGC-27, MGC-803, and SGC-7901, were significantly downregulated than those in normal gastric mucosal epithelial cell line GES-1. It was not only downregulated in 62.6 % (67/107) gastric cancer tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal tissues but also in gastric precancerous lesions. More importantly, our results indicated that HMlincRNA717 expression levels were correlated with cancer distal metastasis (P = 0.034), venous invasion (P = 0.029), and nervous invasion (P = 0.024). Our data suggested that lncRNA-HMlincRNA717 may play crucial roles during cancer occurrence and progression and may be a new potential biomarker of early gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Shao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China
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