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Lotfy M, Khattab A, Shata M, Alhasbani A, Almesmari A, Alsaeedi S, Alyassi S, Kundu B. Destructive effects of UVC radiation on Drosophila melanogaster: Mortality, fertility, mutations, and molecular mechanisms. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303115. [PMID: 38776353 PMCID: PMC11111075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation on living organisms, with a specific focus on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, were examined. This study investigated the impact of heightened UVC radiation exposure on D. melanogaster by assessing mortality and fertility rates, studying phenotypic mutations, and investigating the associated molecular mechanisms. The findings of this study revealed that UVC radiation increases mortality rates and decreases fertility rates in D. melanogaster. Additionally, phenotypic wing mutations were observed in the exposed flies. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that UVC radiation downregulates the expression of antioxidant genes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn-SOD), and the G protein-coupled receptor methuselah (MTH) gene. These results suggest that UVC radiation exerts a destructive effect on D. melanogaster by inducing oxidative stress, which is marked by the overexpression of harmful oxidative processes and a simultaneous reduction in antioxidant gene expression. In conclusion, this study underscores the critical importance of comprehending the deleterious effects of UVC radiation, not only to safeguard human health on Earth, but also to address the potential risks associated with space missions, such as the ongoing Emirate astronaut program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lotfy
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aalaa Khattab
- Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shata
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Alhasbani
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla Almesmari
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Alsaeedi
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Alyassi
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Biduth Kundu
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Probst-Rüd S, Nyangaresi PO, Adeyeye AA, Ackermann M, Beck SE, McNeill K. Synergistic effect of UV-A and UV-C light is traced to UV-induced damage of the transfer RNA. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121189. [PMID: 38295454 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered the new frontier of UV water disinfection. As UV technologies continue to evolve, so does the need to understand disinfection mechanisms to ensure that UV treatment continues to adequately protect public health. In this research, two Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains (the wild type K12 MG1655 and K12 SP11 (ThiI E342K)) were irradiated with UV-C at 268 nm both independently and after exposure to UV-A (365 nm). A synergistic effect was found on the viability of the wild type E. coli K12 strain when UV-A irradiation was applied prior to UV-C. Sublethal UV-A doses, which had a negligible effect on cell viability alone, enhanced UV-C inactivation by several orders of magnitude. This indicated a specific cellular response mechanism to UV-A irradiation, which was traced to direct photolysis of the transfer RNA (tRNA), which are critical links in the translation of messenger RNA to proteins. The wild type K12 strain MG1655, containing tRNAs with a thiolated uridine, directly absorbs the UV-A light, which leads to a reduction in protein synthesis, making them more susceptible to UV-C induced damage. However, the K12 strain SP11 (ThiI E342K), with a point mutation in the thiI gene that prevents a post-transcriptional modification of tRNA, experienced less inactivation upon subsequent irradiation by UV-C. The growth rate of cells, which was inhibited by sublethal UV-A doses, was not inhibited in this mutant strain with the modified tRNA. Time-lapse microscopy with microfluidics showed that sub-lethal UV-A caused a transient, reversible, growth arrest in E. coli. However, once the growth resumed, the cell division time resembled that of unirradiated cells. Damage induced by UV-A impaired the recovery of damage induced by UV-C. Depending on the UV-A dose applied, the synergistic effect remained even when there was a time delay of several hours between UV-A and UV-C exposures. The effect of sublethal UV-A was reversible over time; therefore, the synergistic effect was strongest when UV-C was applied immediately after UV-A. Combining UV-A and UV-C irradiation may serve as a practical tool to increase UV disinfection efficacy, which could potentially reduce costs while still adequately protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Probst-Rüd
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Adefolawe A Adeyeye
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin Ackermann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sara E Beck
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dubendorf, Switzerland; Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ribeiro RS, Mencalha AL, de Souza da Fonseca A. Could violet-blue lights increase the bacteria resistance against ultraviolet radiation mediated by photolyases? Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:253. [PMID: 37930459 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated bacterial inactivation by radiations at wavelengths between 400 and 500 nm emitted by low-power light sources. The phototoxic activity of these radiations could occur by oxidative damage in DNA and membrane proteins/lipids. However, some cellular mechanisms can reverse these damages in DNA, allowing the maintenance of genetic stability. Photoreactivation is among such mechanisms able to repair DNA damages induced by ultraviolet radiation, ranging from ultraviolet A to blue radiations. In this review, studies on the effects of violet and blue lights emitted by low-power LEDs on bacteria were accessed by PubMed, and discussed the repair of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage by photoreactivation mechanisms. Data from such studies suggested bacterial inactivation after exposure to violet (405 nm) and blue (425-460 nm) radiations emitted from LEDs. However, other studies showed bacterial photoreactivation induced by radiations at 348-440 nm. This process occurs by photolyase enzymes, which absorb photons at wavelengths and repair DNA damage. Although authors have reported bacterial inactivation after exposure to violet and blue radiations emitted from LEDs, pre-exposure to such radiations at low fluences could activate the photolyases, increasing resistance to DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickson Souza Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, 20211040, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Avenida Alberto Torres, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 11125964004, Brazil.
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Pino-Sandoval DA, Cantú-Cárdenas ME, Rodríguez-González V, Patrón-Soberano OA, Rosas-Castor JM, Murillo-Sierra JC, Hernández-Ramírez A. Solar heterogeneous photo-Fenton for complete inactivation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in secondary-treated wastewater effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140132. [PMID: 37690560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, complete elimination of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was achieved in 120 min using a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process under sunlight at pH 6.5 in distilled water. A face-centered composite central design 22 with one categoric factor and three replicates at the central point was used to evaluate the effect of iron (III) oxide concentration (0.8-3.4 mg L-1), H2O2 (2-10 mg L-1), and the type of iron oxide phase (maghemite and hematite) on the inactivation of both bacteria. The results showed that the amount of catalyst, H2O2 concentration and their interaction were significant factors (p < 0.05) in the elimination of the microorganisms. Thus, under the best conditions (3.4 mg L-1 of iron (III) oxide and 10 mg L-1 of H2O2) in the experimental ranges, complete inactivation of E. coli and S. typhimurium was achieved (6-log reduction) in 120 min using the photo-Fenton treatment with both iron-oxide phases. Furthermore, the photocatalytic elimination of both bacteria by the photo-Fenton process using hematite and maghemite in secondary-treated wastewater effluent was performed obtaining slower inactivation rates (1.2-5.9 times) than in distilled water due to the matrix effect of the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. Nevertheless, the process continued to be effective in the effluent, achieving complete bacterial elimination in 150 min using the hematite phase. Additionally, the SEM images of the bacterial cells showed that the heterogeneous photo-Fenton treatment generated permanent and irreversible cell damage, resulting in complete cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Pino-Sandoval
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; Universidad Politécnica de Apodaca, Av. Politécnica No. 2331, El Barretal, Apodaca, C. P. 66600, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - M Elena Cantú-Cárdenas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-González
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, División de Biología Molecular, División de Materiales Avanzados, Camino a La Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - O Araceli Patrón-Soberano
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, División de Biología Molecular, División de Materiales Avanzados, Camino a La Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - J Martín Rosas-Castor
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - J Camilo Murillo-Sierra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción, Chile
| | - Aracely Hernández-Ramírez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Negishi T, Xing F, Koike R, Iwasaki M, Wakasugi M, Matsunaga T. UVA causes specific mutagenic DNA damage through ROS production, rather than CPD formation, in Drosophila larvae. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 887:503616. [PMID: 37003653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that ultraviolet A (UVA) plays an important role in photo-carcinogenesis. However, the types of DNA damage involved in the resulting mutations remain unclear. Previously, using Drosophila, we found that UVA from light-emitting diode (LED-UVA) induces double-strand breaks in DNA through oxidative damage in an oxidative damage-sensitive (urate-null) strain. Recently, it was proposed that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which also are induced by UVA irradiation, might play a significant role in the induction of mutations. In the present study, we investigated whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CPDs are produced in larval bodies following LED-UVA irradiation. In addition, we assessed the somatic cell mutation rate in urate-null Drosophila induced by monochromatic UVA irradiation. The production of ROS through LED-UVA irradiation was markedly higher in the urate-null strain than in the wild-type Drosophila. CPDs were detected in the DNA of both of UVA- and UVB-irradiated larvae. The level of CPDs was unexpectedly higher in the wild-type strain than in urate-null flies following UVA irradiation, whereas this parameter was expectedly similar between the urate-null and wild-type Drosophila following UVB irradiation. The somatic cell mutation rate induced by UVA irradiation was higher in the urate-null strain than in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that mutations induced by UVA-specific pathways occur through ROS production, rather than via CPD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Negishi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Fang Xing
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryota Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Manami Iwasaki
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Wakasugi
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsunaga
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Evaluation of Fermented Turmeric Milk by Lactic Acid Bacteria to Prevent UV-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Fibroblast Cells. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The nutrition enhancement of turmeric using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was studied. Among the 23 different LAB strains, Levilactobacillus brevis BCRC12247 was chosen due to its robustness. The fermentation of a turmeric drink from L. brevis significantly improved DPPH antioxidant activity (from 71.57% to 75.87%) and total reducing capacity (2.94 ± 0.03 mM Trolox/g dw) compared to the unfermented product. The fermented turmeric samples were subjected to liquid–liquid partition, producing four different fractions. An in vitro study was conducted by treating the fractions on human fibroblast cells (Hs68). The results indicated that hexane (Hex) and water residual (WA) samples could significantly attenuate UVA (15 J/cm2)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing the oxidative damage from 16.99 ± 3.86 to 3.42 ± 2.53 and 3.72 ± 1.76 times, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that Hex and WA inhibited the expression of c-jun and c-fos and lowered the mmp-1 value compared to the negative control group (by 2.72 and 2.58 times, respectively). Moreover, the expressions of Nrf2 and downstream antioxidant-related genes were significantly elevated in the Hex fraction. Therefore, fermentation using L. brevis can be an effective method to elevate the nutritional values of turmeric, protecting fibroblast cells from UVA-induced photoaging and oxidative stress.
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Ishikawa F, Konno S, Uchiyama Y, Kakeya H, Tanabe G. Exploring a chemical scaffold for rapid and selective photoaffinity labelling of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases in living bacterial cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220026. [PMID: 36633280 PMCID: PMC9835605 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) biosynthesize many pharmaceuticals and virulence factors. The biosynthesis of these natural peptide products from biosynthetic gene clusters depends on complex regulations in bacteria. However, our current knowledge of NRPSs is based on enzymological studies using full NRPS systems and/or a single NRPS domain in heterologous hosts. Chemical and/or biochemical strategies to capture the endogenous activities of NRPSs facilitate studies on NRPS cell biology in bacterial cells. Here, we describe a chemical scaffold for the rapid and selective photoaffinity labelling of NRPSs in purified systems, crude biological samples and living bacterial cells. We synthesized photoaffinity labelling probes coupled with 5'-O-N-(phenylalanyl)sulfamoyladenosine with clickable alkyl diazirine or trifluoromethyl phenyl diazirine. We found that a trifluoromethyl phenyl diazirine-based probe cross-linked the Phe-activating domain of a GrsA-NRPS with high selectivity and sensitivity at shorter ultraviolet (UV) irradiation times (less than 5 min) relative to a prototypical benzophenone-based probe. Our results demonstrated that this quick labelling protocol can prevent damage to proteins and cells caused by long UV irradiation times, providing a mild photoaffinity labelling method for biological samples. This article is part of the theme issue 'Reactivity and mechanism in chemical and synthetic biology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Sho Konno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Uchiyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Wen D, Jiang Y, Chen D. Evaluating disinfection performance of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes against the microalga Tetraselmis sp.: Assay methods, inactivation efficiencies, and action spectrum. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136113. [PMID: 36007732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are among the most compact devices and safest technologies in water disinfection systems. However, the validation of different assay methods to evaluate the disinfection performance of different wavelengths (265, 280, 285, and 300 nm) of UV-LEDs toward marine microalgae remains poorly characterized. In this study, several detection assays, namely the culture-based most probable number (MPN) assay, membrane integrity-based vital stain (VS) assay, chlorophyll fluorescence assay, and photochemical efficiency assay, were compared to assess the viability of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp., with results indicating the MPN assay to be the most sensitive. In addition, this study compared the inactivation kinetics, inactivation efficiency, and energy efficiency of Tetraselmis sp. under different UV wavelengths, as assessed by the VS and MPN assays. The fluence-response curves of Tetraselmis sp. varied with assay and wavelength, with Geeraerd's model fitting all fluence-response microalgal inactivation curves. The results showed a non-significant difference in inactivation efficiency among different wavelengths of UV-LEDs (except for 300 nm) when using the VS assay. On the contrary, significant differences among all wavelengths were observed with respect to inactivation efficiency when using the MPN assay. The wavelength of 265 nm exhibited maximum inactivation efficiency, whereas 285 nm achieved optimal energy efficiency. The UV action spectrum of Tetraselmis sp. exhibited the peak at 265 nm, a finding which matched well with the absorbance spectrum of DNA. The observations from this study provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the application of the emerging UV-LED light sources in the algicidal treatment of marine water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Wen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuelu Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Daoyi Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Lu Z, Xia Q, Cheng Y, Lu Q, Li Y, Zeng N, Luan X, Li Y, Fan L, Luo D. Hesperetin attenuates UVA-induced photodamage in human dermal fibroblast cells. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6261-6269. [PMID: 35816390 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation causes skin damage. Recently, natural compounds have become an interest to protect skin from UV-induced photodamages. METHODS In this study, we investigated the protective effects of hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, on UVA-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and photoaging. RESULTS Our results showed that hesperetin increased the cell viability, suppressed the intracellular ROS levels, and decreased the expression of MMPs including MMP-1 and MMP-3, pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and COX-2 in UVA-irradiated HDFs. Besides, hesperetin exerted an anti-apoptotic effect by increasing expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and decreasing expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Moreover, these anti-photodamage effects were mediated by inhibition of ERK, p38/AP-1, and NF-κb/p65 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Therefore, hesperetin may be useful in the prevention of UVA-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Lu
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyue Xia
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingbao Luan
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lipan Fan
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Jin SG, Padron F, Pfeifer GP. UVA Radiation, DNA Damage, and Melanoma. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32936-32948. [PMID: 36157735 PMCID: PMC9494637 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a lethal type of skin tumor that has been linked with sunlight exposure chiefly in fair-skinned human populations. Wavelengths from the sun that can reach the earth's surface include UVA radiation (320-400 nm) and UVB radiation (280-320 nm). UVB effectively induces the formation of dimeric DNA photoproducts, preferentially the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). The characteristic UVB signature mutations in the form of C to T mutations at dipyrimidine sequences are prevalent in melanoma tumor genomes and have been ascribed to deamination of cytosines within CPDs before DNA polymerase bypass. However, evidence from epidemiological, animal, and other experimental studies also suggest that UVA radiation may participate in melanoma formation. The DNA damage relevant for UVA includes specific types of CPDs at TT sequences and perhaps oxidative DNA damage to guanine, both induced by direct or indirect, photosensitization-mediated chemical and biophysical processes. We summarize the evidence for a potential role of UVA in melanoma and discuss some of the mechanistic pathways of how UVA may induce mutagenesis in melanocytes.
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Allahyari E, Carraturo F, De Risi A, Nappo A, Morelli M, Cajora A, Guida M. A sequential utilization of the UV-A (365 nm) fluence rate for disinfection of water, contaminated with Legionella pneumophila and Legionelladumoffii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119224. [PMID: 35351592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Legionella species are the etiological agent of Legionnaires' disease, a pathology easily contracted from water circuits and by the inhalation of aerosol droplets. This bacterium mainly proliferates in water: Legionella pneumophila is the most commonly isolated specie in water environments and consequently in water system, although further Legionella species have frequently been isolated, including Legionella dumoffii. The simultaneous presence of the two species in the water system can therefore lead to the simultaneous infection of several people, giving rise to harmful outbreaks. Ultraviolet inactivation of waterborne microorganisms offers a rapid and effective treatment technique and recently is getting more attention mostly to eliminate unsafe level of contamination. To tackle the issue, the inactivation of the two species of Legionella spp., namely L. pneumophila and L. dumoffii, by means of UV-A light emitting diodes (UV-A LED) system is explored. We used a commercially available UV-A LED at 365 nm wavelength, and the UV-A dose is given incrementally to the Legionellae with a concentration of 106 CFU/mL in 0.9% NaCl (aq) solution. In this study, with a UV-A-dose of 1700 mJ/cm2, the log-reduction of 3-log (99.9% inactivation) for L. pneumophila and 2.1-log (99.1% inactivation) for L. dumoffii of the contaminated water are achieved. The Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) is evaluated and showed this system is more economic and efficient in comparison with UV-C and UV-B LEDs. Following the support of this preliminary study with additional tests, aiming to validate the technology, we expect this device may be installed in water plants such as cooling systems or any water purification station in either industrial or home scales to reduce the risk of this infectious disease, preventing consumers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Allahyari
- PROMETE Srl, CNR Spin off, P.le V. Tecchio, 45, 80125, Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Federica Carraturo
- Hygiene Laboratories: Water, Food, Environment, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy; Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), University of Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna De Risi
- Hygiene Laboratories: Water, Food, Environment, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Nappo
- Hygiene Laboratories: Water, Food, Environment, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Morelli
- Hygiene Laboratories: Water, Food, Environment, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Cajora
- PROMETE Srl, CNR Spin off, P.le V. Tecchio, 45, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Hygiene Laboratories: Water, Food, Environment, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy; Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), University of Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146, Naples, Italy
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12
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Bennett J, Soule T. Expression of Scytonemin Biosynthesis Genes under Alternative Stress Conditions in the Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020427. [PMID: 35208882 PMCID: PMC8879130 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The indole-alkaloid scytonemin is a sunscreen pigment that is widely produced among cyanobacteria as an ultraviolet radiation (UVR) survival strategy. Scytonemin biosynthesis is encoded by two gene clusters that are known to be induced by long-wavelength radiation (UVA). Previous studies have characterized the transcriptome of cyanobacteria in response to a wide range of conditions, but the effect on the expression of scytonemin biosynthesis genes has not been specifically targeted. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the variable response of scytonemin biosynthesis genes to a variety of environmental conditions. Cells were acclimated to white light before supplementation with UVA, UVB, high light, or osmotic stress for 48 h. The presence of scytonemin was determined by absorbance spectroscopy and gene expression of representative scytonemin biosynthesis genes was measured using quantitative PCR. Scytonemin genes were up-regulated in UVA, UVB, and high light, although the scytonemin pigment was not detected under high light. There was no scytonemin or upregulation of these genes under osmotic stress. The lack of pigment production under high light, despite increased gene expression, suggests a time-dependent delay for pigment production or additional mechanisms or genes that may be involved in scytonemin production beyond those currently known.
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13
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Gabellone S, Piccinino D, Filippi S, Castrignanò T, Zippilli C, Del Buono D, Saladino R. Lignin Nanoparticles Deliver Novel Thymine Biomimetic Photo-Adducts with Antimelanoma Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020915. [PMID: 35055101 PMCID: PMC8777952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of novel thymine biomimetic photo-adducts bearing an alkane spacer between nucleobases and characterized by antimelanoma activity against two mutated cancer cell lines overexpressing human Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1), namely SKMEL28 and RPMI7951. Among them, Dewar Valence photo-adducts showed a selectivity index higher than the corresponding pyrimidine-(6-4)-pyrimidone and cyclobutane counterpart and were characterized by the highest affinity towards TOP1/DNA complex as evaluated by molecular docking analysis. The antimelanoma activity of novel photo-adducts was retained after loading into UV photo-protective lignin nanoparticles as stabilizing agent and efficient drug delivery system. Overall, these results support a combined antimelanoma and UV sunscreen strategy involving the use of photo-protective lignin nanoparticles for the controlled release of thymine dimers on the skin followed by their sacrificial transformation into photo-adducts and successive inhibition of melanoma and alert of cellular UV machinery repair pathways.
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14
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Braný D, Dvorská D, Strnádel J, Matáková T, Halašová E, Škovierová H. Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Epigenetic Changes, DNA Damage, and Possibilities for Its Use in Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212252. [PMID: 34830132 PMCID: PMC8617606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma has great potential for use in modern medicine. It has been used in the clinical treatment of skin diseases and chronic wounds, and in laboratory settings it has shown effects on selective decrease in tumour-cell viability, reduced tumour mass in animal models and stem-cell proliferation. Many researchers are currently focusing on its application to internal structures and the use of plasma-activated liquids in tolerated and effective human treatment. There has also been analysis of plasma's beneficial synergy with standard pharmaceuticals to enhance their effect. Cold atmospheric plasma triggers various responses in tumour cells, and this can result in epigenetic changes in both DNA methylation levels and histone modification. The expression and activity of non-coding RNAs with their many important cell regulatory functions can also be altered by cold atmospheric plasma action. Finally, there is ongoing debate whether plasma-produced radicals can directly affect DNA damage in the nucleus or only initiate apoptosis or other forms of cell death. This article therefore summarises accepted knowledge of cold atmospheric plasma's influence on epigenetic changes, the expression and activity of non-coding RNAs, and DNA damage and its effect in synergistic treatment with routinely used pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Braný
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Dana Dvorská
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ján Strnádel
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Tatiana Matáková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Erika Halašová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Henrieta Škovierová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
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15
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Main KHS, Provan JI, Haynes PJ, Wells G, Hartley JA, Pyne ALB. Atomic force microscopy-A tool for structural and translational DNA research. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031504. [PMID: 34286171 PMCID: PMC8272649 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful imaging technique that allows for structural characterization of single biomolecules with nanoscale resolution. AFM has a unique capability to image biological molecules in their native states under physiological conditions without the need for labeling or averaging. DNA has been extensively imaged with AFM from early single-molecule studies of conformational diversity in plasmids, to recent examinations of intramolecular variation between groove depths within an individual DNA molecule. The ability to image dynamic biological interactions in situ has also allowed for the interaction of various proteins and therapeutic ligands with DNA to be evaluated-providing insights into structural assembly, flexibility, and movement. This review provides an overview of how innovation and optimization in AFM imaging have advanced our understanding of DNA structure, mechanics, and interactions. These include studies of the secondary and tertiary structure of DNA, including how these are affected by its interactions with proteins. The broader role of AFM as a tool in translational cancer research is also explored through its use in imaging DNA with key chemotherapeutic ligands, including those currently employed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James I. Provan
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Hartley
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
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16
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Amakye WK, Yang L, Yao M, Yuan E, Ren R, Ren J. Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) elastin hydrolysate‐derived peptides attenuate UVA irradiation‐induced cell damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command Guangzhou China
| | - Maojin Yao
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease and China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Ruiwen Ren
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command Guangzhou China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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17
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Identification of unknown acid-resistant genes of oral microbiotas in patients with dental caries using metagenomics analysis. AMB Express 2021; 11:39. [PMID: 33675438 PMCID: PMC7936999 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid resistance is critical for the survival of bacteria in the dental caries oral micro-environment. However, there are few acid-resistant genes of microbiomes obtained through traditional molecular biology experimental techniques. This study aims to try macrogenomics technologies to efficiently identify acid-resistant genes in oral microbes of patients with dental caries. Total DNA was extracted from oral microbiota obtained from thirty dental caries patients and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. This data was used to build a metagenomic library, which was compared to the sequences of two Streptococcus mutant known acid-resistant genes, danK and uvrA, using a BLAST search. A total of 19 and 35 unknown gene sequences showed similarities with S. mutans uvrA and dnaK in the metagenomic library, respectively. Two unknown genes, mo-dnaK and mo-uvrA, were selected for primer design and bioinformatic analysis based on their sequences. Bioinformatics analysis predicted them encoding of a human heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 and an ATP-dependent DNA repair enzyme, respectively, closely related with the acid resistance mechanism. After cloning, these genes were transferred into competent Escherichia coli for acid resistance experiments. E. coli transformed with both genes demonstrated acid resistance, while the survival rate of E. coli transformed with mo-uvrA was significantly higher in an acidic environment (pH = 3). Through this experiment we found that identify unknown acid-resistant genes in oral microbes of patients with caries by establishing a metagenomic library is very efficient. Our results provide an insight into the mechanisms and pathogenesis of dental caries for their treatment without affecting oral probiotics.
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18
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Oh H, Kikuchi H, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Lee JB, Cho MS, Lee MY, Okumura Y, Hong JH, Hong SK. Ultraviolet light screen using cholesteric liquid crystal capsules on the basis of selective reflection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25471-25476. [PMID: 35478880 PMCID: PMC9037046 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When the prepared cholesteric liquid crystal microcapsule is applied to the skin, it can protect the skin by selectively reflecting only ultraviolet rays in sunlight like sunscreen cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemuk Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
- Cosmax Inc
| | - Hirotugu Kikuchi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka
- Japan
| | | | | | | | - Moon Sun Cho
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yasushi Okumura
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka
- Japan
| | - Joo-Hee Hong
- Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering
- Suncheon Jeil College
- Suncheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
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19
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Subedi S, Roopesh M. Simultaneous drying of pet food pellets and Salmonella inactivation by 395 nm light pulses in an LED reactor. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Muruzabal D, Collins A, Azqueta A. The enzyme-modified comet assay: Past, present and future. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 147:111865. [PMID: 33217526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme-modified comet assay was developed in order to detect DNA lesions other than those detected by the standard version (single and double strand breaks and alkali-labile sites). Various lesion-specific enzymes, from the DNA repair machinery of bacteria and humans, have been combined with the comet assay, allowing detection of different oxidized and alkylated bases as well as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, mis-incorporated uracil and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. The enzyme-modified comet assay has been applied in different fields - human biomonitoring, environmental toxicology, and genotoxicity testing (both in vitro and in vivo) - as well as in basic research. Up to now, twelve enzymes have been employed; here we describe the enzymes and give examples of studies in which they have been applied. The bacterial formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease III (EndoIII) have been extensively used while others have been used only rarely. Adding further enzymes to the comet assay toolbox could potentially increase the variety of DNA lesions that can be detected. The enzyme-modified comet assay can play a crucial role in the elucidation of the mechanism of action of both direct and indirect genotoxins, thus increasing the value of the assay in the regulatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Muruzabal
- Universidad de Navarra, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Irunlarrea 1, 310008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Universidad de Navarra, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Irunlarrea 1, 310008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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21
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Masjedi-Arani M, Amiri M, Amiri O, Ahmadi M, Salavati-Niasari M. Glioma cells eradication by photoexcitation of bioengineered molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles synthesized by wet chemical and microwave route: Dose dependent photosensitizer bioactivity. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:120021. [PMID: 33122109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we surveyed the usage of MoO3 nanostructure in role of a photosensitizer to eradicate glioma cells. This is the first endeavor upon survey of usage of nanostructured MoO3 to treat glioma in vitro. Here, we offer a simple way for preparation of bioactive MoO3 nanostructure via two different routes; wet chemical and microwave. The influence of diverse experimental factors like various alcoholic solvents and presence of capping agent was investigated on the final properties of synthesized products. Dimension and morphology of inorganic molybdenum trioxide nanostructures checked with TEM, HRTEM and also SEM images. Moreover, the cytotoxicity effect of optimized MoO3 nanoparticles was investigated on T98 and A172 cell lines. Both T98 and A172 cell lines indicated dose-dependent manner in the presence of increasing concentration of MoO3 nanostructures, but T98 cells were less sensitive to MoO3 in comparison with A172. Anti-glioma role of MoO3 nanostructures excited with the aid of UVC illumination studied in vitro as well. By studying the UV exposure lonely, it is evident that UV effects on cell viability about 50% in both cell lines after 24 h. Interestingly, by combining nanostructured MoO3 with UVC illumination, decrement in the proliferation value could be remarkably occurred in comparison with controls. The outcomes denote that the photodynamic therapy with the help of nanostructured MoO3 may be beneficial to treat glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Masjedi-Arani
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahnaz Amiri
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, International University of Erbil, Iraq
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Salavati-Niasari
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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22
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Paiva JP, Diniz RR, Leitão AC, Cabral LM, Fortunato RS, Santos BAMC, de Pádula M. Insights and controversies on sunscreen safety. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:707-723. [PMID: 33064037 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1826899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although sunlight provides several benefits, ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in the development of various skin damages such as erythema, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Despite cells having endogenous defense systems, damaged DNA may not be efficiently repaired at chronic exposure. In this sense, it is necessary to use artificial defense strategies such as sunscreen formulations. UV filters should scatter, reflect, or absorb solar UV radiation in order to prevent direct or indirect DNA lesions. However, the safety of UV filters is a matter of concern due to several controversies reported in literature, such as endocrine alterations, allergies, increased oxidative stress, phototoxic events, among others. Despite these controversies, the way in which sunscreens are tested is essential to ensure safety. Sunscreen regulation includes mandatory test for phototoxicity, but photogenotoxicity testing is not recommended as a part of the standard photosafety testing program. Although available photobiological tests are still the first approach to assess photosafety, they are limited. Some existing tests do not always provide reliable results, mainly due to limitations regarding the nature of the assessed phototoxic effect, cell UV sensitivity, and the irradiation protocols. These aspects bring queries regarding the safety of sunscreen wide use and suggest the demand for the development of robust and efficient in vitro screening tests to overcome the existing limitations. In this way, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has stood out as a promising model to fill the gaps in photobiology and to complete the mandatory tests enabling a more extensive and robust photosafety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P Paiva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Industrial e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raiane R Diniz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Industrial e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvaro C Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular (Radmol), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio M Cabral
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Sinalização Redox, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca A M C Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Industrial e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Kebbi Y, Muhammad AI, Sant'Ana AS, do Prado‐Silva L, Liu D, Ding T. Recent advances on the application of UV‐LED technology for microbial inactivation: Progress and mechanism. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3501-3527. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Kebbi
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Aliyu Idris Muhammad
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Bayero University Kano Nigeria
| | - Anderson S. Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
| | | | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang University Ningbo China
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang University Ningbo China
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24
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Sarkar S, Gaddameedhi S. Solar ultraviolet-induced DNA damage response: Melanocytes story in transformation to environmental melanomagenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:736-751. [PMID: 32281145 PMCID: PMC9675355 DOI: 10.1002/em.22370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight is both beneficial, as it heats the planet to a comfortable temperature, and potentially harmful, since sunlight contains ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is deemed detrimental for living organisms. Earth's ozone layer plays a vital role in blocking most of the extremely dangerous UVC; however, low frequency/energy UVR (i.e., UVB and UVA) seeps through in minute amount and reaches the Earth's surface. Both UVB and UVA are physiologically responsible for a plethora of skin ailments, including skin cancers. The UVR is readily absorbed by the genomic DNA of skin cells, causing DNA bond distortion and UV-induced DNA damage. As a defense mechanism, the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling in skin cells activates nucleotide excision repair (NER), which is responsible for the removal of UVR-induced DNA photolesions and helps maintain the genomic integrity of the cells. Failure of proper NER function leads to mutagenesis and development of skin cancers. One of the deadliest form of skin cancers is melanoma which originates upon the genetic transformation of melanocytes, melanin producing skin cells. NER is a well-studied DNA repair system in the whole skin, as a tissue, but not much is known about it in melanocytes. Therefore, this review encapsulates NER in melanocytes, with a specific focus on its functional regulators and their cross talks due to skin heterogeneity and divulging the potential knowledge gap in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
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25
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Subedi S, Du L, Prasad A, Yadav B, Roopesh M. Inactivation of Salmonella and quality changes in wheat flour after pulsed light-emitting diode (LED) treatments. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Hahn MB, Smales GJ, Seitz H, Solomun T, Sturm H. Ectoine interaction with DNA: influence on ultraviolet radiation damage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6984-6992. [PMID: 32188961 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00092b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ectoine is a small zwitterionic osmolyte and compatible solute, which does not interfere with cell metabolism even at molar concentrations. Plasmid DNA (pUC19) was irradiated with ultraviolet radiation (UV-C at 266 nm) under quasi physiological conditions (PBS) and in pure water in the presence and absence of ectoine (THP(B)) and hydroxyectoine (THP(A)). Different types of UV induced DNA damage were analysed: DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), abasic sites and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). A complex interplay between these factors was observed with respect to the nature and occurrence of DNA damage with 266 nm photons. In PBS, the cosolutes showed efficient protection against base damage, whilst in pure water, a dramatic shift from SSB damage to base damage was observed when cosolutes were added. To test whether these effects are caused by ectoine binding to DNA, further experiments were conducted: small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements and Raman spectroscopy. The results show, for the first time, a close interaction between ectoine and DNA. This is in stark contrast to the assumption made by preferential exclusion models, which are often used to interpret the behaviour of compatible solutes within cells and with biomolecules. It is tentatively proposed that the alterations of UV damage to DNA are attributed to ectoine influence on nucleobases through the direct interaction between ectoine and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Benjamin Hahn
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Experimentalphysik, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Glen J Smales
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Seitz
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, 14476 Potsdam, Germany and Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tihomir Solomun
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Sturm
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes various types of DNA damage, which leads to specific mutations and the emergence of skin cancer in humans, often decades after initial exposure. Different UV wavelengths cause the formation of prominent UV-induced DNA lesions. Most of these lesions are removed by the nucleotide excision repair pathway, which is defective in rare genetic skin disorders referred to as xeroderma pigmentosum. A major role in inducing sunlight-dependent skin cancer mutations is assigned to the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of UV damage induction, the genomic distribution of this damage, relevant DNA repair mechanisms, the proposed mechanisms of how UV-induced CPDs bring about DNA replication-dependent mutagenicity in mammalian cells, and the strong signature of UV damage and mutagenesis found in skin cancer genomes.
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Supp DM, Hahn JM, Lloyd CM, Combs KA, Swope VB, Abdel-Malek Z, Boyce ST. Light or Dark Pigmentation of Engineered Skin Substitutes Containing Melanocytes Protects Against Ultraviolet Light-Induced DNA Damage In Vivo. J Burn Care Res 2020; 41:751-760. [PMID: 32052834 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineered skin substitutes (ESS) containing autologous fibroblasts and keratinocytes provide stable wound closure in patients with large, full-thickness burns, but are limited by hypopigmentation due to absence of added melanocytes. DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV) increases risk for skin cancer development. In human skin, melanocytes provide pigmentation that protects skin from UV-induced DNA damage. This study investigated whether inclusion of human melanocytes (hM) affects the response of ESS to UV in vivo. Specifically, pigmentation and formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), the most prevalent UV-induced DNA photoproduct, were analyzed. Three groups of ESS were prepared with fibroblasts and keratinocytes, ± melanocytes, and grafted orthotopically to immunodeficient mice: ESS without melanocytes (ESS-hM), ESS with light skin-derived (Caucasian) melanocytes (ESS+hM-L), and ESS with dark skin-derived (African-American) melanocytes (ESS+hM-D). Pigmentation of ESS+hM-L and ESS+hM-D increased significantly after grafting; pigmentation levels were significantly different among groups. Mean melanocyte densities in ESS+hM-L and ESS+hM-D were similar to each other and to densities in normal human skin. After 8 weeks in vivo, grafts were irradiated with 135 mJ/cm2 UV; non-UV-treated mice served as controls. UV modestly increased pigmentation in the ESS+hM groups. UV significantly increased CPD levels in ESS-hM, and levels in ESS-hM were significantly greater than in ESS+hM-L or ESS+hM-D. The results demonstrate that light or dark melanocytes in ESS decreased UV-induced DNA damage. Therefore, melanocytes in ESS play a photoprotective role. Protection against UV-induced DNA damage is expected to reduce skin cancer risk in patients grafted with ESS containing autologous melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy M Supp
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Ohio.,Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | - Jennifer M Hahn
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Kelly A Combs
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Viki B Swope
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Ohio
| | - Zalfa Abdel-Malek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Ohio
| | - Steven T Boyce
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Ohio
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29
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Formulation induces direct DNA UVA photooxidation. Part I. Role of the formulating cationic surfactant. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Jumina J, Styaningrum RW, Siswanta D, Triono S, Priastomo Y, Harizal H, Sholikhah EN, Zulkarnain AK. Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of Several Chalcone Derivatives as Sunscreen Compounds. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2019. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2019.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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31
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Lipsky ZW, German GK. Ultraviolet light degrades the mechanical and structural properties of human stratum corneum. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 100:103391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Comparison of UV-LED photolytic and UV-LED/TiO2 photocatalytic disinfection for Escherichia coli in water. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Calzavara-Pinton P, Arisi M, Wolf P. Sunbeds and carcinogenesis: the need for new regulations and restrictions in Europe from the Euromelanoma perspective. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33 Suppl 2:104-109. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.G. Calzavara-Pinton
- Dermatology Department; University of Brescia; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia; Brescia Italy
| | - M. Arisi
- Dermatology Department; University of Brescia; ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia; Brescia Italy
| | - P. Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology; Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
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34
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Kobierski J, Lipiec E. DNA structure change induced by guanosine radicals – A theoretical and spectroscopic study of proton radiation damage. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Stelzner J, Roemhild R, Garibay-Hernández A, Harbaum-Piayda B, Mock HP, Bilger W. Hydroxycinnamic acids in sunflower leaves serve as UV-A screening pigments. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1649-1659. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the weak absorption of hydroxycinnamic acids in the UV-A region, we found evidence that these compounds protect against damage induced by UV-A radiation in sunflowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Stelzner
- Department of Ecophysiology of Plants
- Botanical Institute
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Roderich Roemhild
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics
- Zoological Institute
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Adriana Garibay-Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
- 06466 Gatersleben
- Germany
| | - Britta Harbaum-Piayda
- Department of Food Technology
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
- 06466 Gatersleben
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Department of Ecophysiology of Plants
- Botanical Institute
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
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36
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Ikehata H. Mechanistic considerations on the wavelength-dependent variations of UVR genotoxicity and mutagenesis in skin: the discrimination of UVA-signature from UV-signature mutation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1861-1871. [PMID: 29850669 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) predominantly induces UV-signature mutations, C → T and CC → TT base substitutions at dipyrimidine sites, in the cellular and skin genome. I observed in our in vivo mutation studies of mouse skin that these UVR-specific mutations show a wavelength-dependent variation in their sequence-context preference. The C → T mutation occurs most frequently in the 5'-TCG-3' sequence regardless of the UVR wavelength, but is recovered more preferentially there as the wavelength increases, resulting in prominent occurrences exclusively in the TCG sequence in the UVA wavelength range, which I will designate as a "UVA signature" in this review. The preference of the UVB-induced C → T mutation for the sequence contexts shows a mixed pattern of UVC- and UVA-induced mutations, and a similar pattern is also observed for natural sunlight, in which UVB is the most genotoxic component. In addition, the CC → TT mutation hardly occurs at UVA1 wavelengths, although it is detected rarely but constantly in the UVC and UVB ranges. This wavelength-dependent variation in the sequence-context preference of the UVR-specific mutations could be explained by two different photochemical mechanisms of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation. The UV-signature mutations observed in the UVC and UVB ranges are known to be caused mainly by CPDs produced through the conventional singlet/triplet excitation of pyrimidine bases after the direct absorption of the UVC/UVB photon energy in those bases. On the other hand, a novel photochemical mechanism through the direct absorption of the UVR energy to double-stranded DNA, which is called "collective excitation", has been proposed for the UVA-induced CPD formation. The UVA photons directly absorbed by DNA produce CPDs with a sequence context preference different from that observed for CPDs caused by the UVC/UVB-mediated singlet/triplet excitation, causing CPD formation preferentially at thymine-containing dipyrimidine sites and probably also preferably at methyl CpG-associated dipyrimidine sites, which include the TCG sequence. In this review, I present a mechanistic consideration on the wavelength-dependent variation of the sequence context preference of the UVR-specific mutations and rationalize the proposition of the UVA-signature mutation, in addition to the UV-signature mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Ikehata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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37
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Xiao Y, Chu XN, He M, Liu XC, Hu JY. Impact of UVA pre-radiation on UVC disinfection performance: Inactivation, repair and mechanism study. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 141:279-288. [PMID: 29800836 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light emission diode (LED), which is mercury free and theoretically more energy efficient, has now become an alternative to conventional UV lamps in water disinfection industry. In this research, the disinfection performance of a novel sequential process, UVA365nm LED followed by UVC265nm LED (UVA-UVC), was evaluated. The results revealed that the responses of different bacterial strains to UVA-UVC varied. Coupled with appropriate dosages of UVC, a 20 min UVA pre-radiation provided higher inactivations (log inactivation) of E. coli ATCC 11229, 15597 and 700891 by 1.2, 1.4 and 1.2 times, respectively than the sum of inactivations by UVA alone and UVC alone. On the contrary, the inactivation of E. coli ATCC 25922, the most UVC sensitive strain, decreased from 3 log to 1.8 log after UVA pre-radiation. A 30 min UVA pre-radiation did not affect the photo repair capacity of the four strains (n = 23, p > 0.1), but their dark repair ability was significantly inhibited (n = 14, p < 0.05). Mechanism study was conducted for two representative strains, E. coli ATCC 15597 and 25922 to understand the observed effect. The hypothesis that UVA pre-radiation promoted the yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was rejected. ELISA results indicated that 18% more cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) were formed in E. coli ATCC 15597 with UVA pre-radiation (n = 3, p < 0.01), however, the CPD levels of E. coli ATCC 25922 was the same with or without UVA pre-radiation (n = 3, p > 0.01). Considering the results of both dark repair and CPD formation, it was concluded that the increased UV sensitivity of E. coli 15597 was originated from the increased CPD. For E. coli ATCC 25922, the enhanced UV resistance was attributed to the strain's adoption of a survival strategy, translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), when triggered by UVA pre-radiation. The study on UmuD protein, which is a key protein during TLS, confirmed this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - X N Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - M He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - X C Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - J Y Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
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38
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Gerling T, Kube M, Kick B, Dietz H. Sequence-programmable covalent bonding of designed DNA assemblies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau1157. [PMID: 30128357 PMCID: PMC6097813 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up fabrication of custom nanostructures using the methods of DNA nanotechnology has great potential for applications in many areas of science and technology. One obstacle to applications concerns the constrained environmental conditions at which DNA objects retain their structure. We present a general, site-selective, and scalable method for creating additional covalent bonds that increase the structural stability of DNA nanostructures. Placement of thymidines in close proximity within DNA nanostructures allows the rational creation of sites for covalent cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) bonds induced via ultraviolet irradiation. The additional covalent bonds may be used in a sequence-programmable fashion to link free strand termini, to bridge strand breaks at crossover sites, and to create additional interhelical connections. Thus designed multilayer DNA origami objects can remain stable at temperatures up to 90°C and in pure double-distilled water with no additional cations present. In addition, these objects show enhanced resistance against nuclease activity. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural analysis of non-cross-linked and cross-linked objects indicated that the global shape and the internal network of crossovers are preserved after irradiation. A cryo-EM map of a CPD-stabilized multilayer DNA origami object determined at physiological ionic strength reveals a substantial swelling behavior, presumably caused by repulsive electrostatic forces that, without covalent stabilization, would cause disassembly at low ionic strength. Our method opens new avenues for applications of DNA nanostructures in a wider range of conditions.
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39
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Maiga Y, Wethé J, Ouattara AS, Traoré AS. Predicting attenuation of solar radiation (UV-B, UV-A and PAR) in waste stabilization ponds under Sahelian climatic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:21341-21349. [PMID: 28718028 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of its importance in pathogen removal and algal productivity in waste stabilization ponds, sunlight penetration was measured in microcosms and in situ under Sahelian climatic conditions. The different wavelengths were detected using a submersible radiometer equipped with three sensors: UV-B (311 nm), UV-A (369 nm) and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm). UV-B was more attenuated than UV-A and PAR. Facultative pond was more light-attenuating than maturation pond. The mean euphotic depths for UV-B were 0.20 and 0.31 m, respectively, in the facultative and maturation ponds; PAR penetrated deeper with mean euphotic depths of 0.27 and 0.42 m, respectively. The mean Secchi depths were 0.16 and 0.10 m in the maturation and facultative ponds waters, respectively. In view of the reported results, the contribution of the deeper sections of ponds to pathogen removal mediated by sunlight seems negligible. Therefore, when designing WSPs, these findings should be considered to increase the penetration of damaging wavelengths in order to ensure efficient microbial removal. For more pathogen elimination, downstream shallow ponds could be considered. The paper also shows how suspended solids, turbidity, and Secchi depth are related to the attenuation coefficients and euphotic depths. The developed models could be used to predict light penetration and then algal growth and pathogen removal mediated by sunlight in waste stabilization ponds located in Sahelian climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ynoussa Maiga
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Joseph Wethé
- International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering, 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Aboubakar Sidiki Ouattara
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Alfred S Traoré
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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40
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DNA Damage and Deficiencies in the Mechanisms of Its Repair: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8214379. [PMID: 30116756 PMCID: PMC6079408 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8214379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a perplexing and potentially severe disease, the pathogenesis of which is yet to be understood. SLE is considered to be a multifactorial disease, in which genetic factors, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, are involved. Recently, the description of novel genes conferring susceptibility to develop SLE even in their own (monogenic lupus) has raised the interest in DNA dynamics since many of these genes are linked to DNA repair. Damage to DNA induces an inflammatory response and eventually triggers an immune response, including those targeting self-antigens. We review the evidence that indicates that patients with SLE present higher levels of DNA damage than normal subjects do and that several proteins involved in the preservation of the genomic stability show polymorphisms, some of which increase the risk for SLE development. Also, the experience from animal models reinforces the connection between DNA damage and defective repair in the development of SLE-like disease including characteristic features such as anti-DNA antibodies and nephritis. Defining the role of DNA damage response in SLE pathogenesis might be strategic in the quest for novel therapies.
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41
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Hahn MB, Meyer S, Schröter MA, Seitz H, Kunte HJ, Solomun T, Sturm H. Direct electron irradiation of DNA in a fully aqueous environment. Damage determination in combination with Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:1798-1805. [PMID: 28059422 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07707b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on a study in which plasmid DNA in water was irradiated with 30 keV electrons generated by a scanning electron microscope and passed through a 100 nm thick Si3N4 membrane. The corresponding Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the kinetic energy spectrum of the electrons throughout the water is dominated by low energy electrons (<100 eV). The DNA radiation damage, single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs), was determined by gel electrophoresis. The median lethal dose of D1/2 = 1.7 ± 0.3 Gy was found to be much smaller as compared to partially or fully hydrated DNA irradiated under vacuum conditions. The ratio of the DSBs to SSBs was found to be 1 : 12 as compared to 1 : 88 found for hydrated DNA. Our method enables quantitative measurements of radiation damage to biomolecules (DNA, proteins) in solutions under varying conditions (pH, salinity, co-solutes) for an electron energy range which is difficult to probe by standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Benjamin Hahn
- Free University Berlin, Department of Physics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. and Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susann Meyer
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung, D-12205 Berlin, Germany. and University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Harald Seitz
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie, Institutsteil Bioanalytik und Bioprozesse, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Kunte
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tihomir Solomun
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Heinz Sturm
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung, D-12205 Berlin, Germany. and Technical University Berlin, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
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42
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Squillante MR, Jüstel T, Anderson RR, Brecher C, Chartier D, Christian JF, Cicchetti N, Espinoza S, McAdams DR, Müller M, Tornifoglio B, Wang Y, Purschke M. Fabrication and characterization of UV-emitting nanoparticles as novel radiation sensitizers targeting hypoxic tumor cells. OPTICAL MATERIALS 2018; 80:197-202. [PMID: 30692715 PMCID: PMC6347407 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the primary therapeutic techniques for treating cancer, administered to nearly two-thirds of all cancer patients. Although largely effective in killing cancer cells, radiation therapy, like other forms of cancer treatment, has difficulty dealing with hypoxic regions within solid tumors. The incomplete killing of cancer cells can lead to recurrence and relapse. The research presented here is investigating the enhancement of the efficacy of radiation therapy by using scintillating nanoparticles that emit UV photons. UV photons, with wavelengths between 230 nm and 280 nm, are able to inactivate cells due to their direct interaction with DNA, causing a variety of forms of damage. UV-emitting nanoparticles will enhance the treatment in two ways: first by generating UV photons in the immediate vicinity of cancer cells, leading to direct and oxygen-independent DNA damage, and second by down-converting the applied higher energy X-rays into softer X-rays and particles that are more efficiently absorbed in the targeted tumor region. The end result will be nanoparticles with a higher efficacy in the treatment of hypoxic cells in the tumor, filling an important, unmet clinical need. Our preliminary experiments show an increase in cell death using scintillating LuPO4:Pr nanoparticles over that achieved by the primary radiation alone. This work describes the fabrication of the nanoparticles, their physical characterization, and the spectroscopic characterization of the UV emission. The work also presents in vitro results that demonstrate an enhanced efficacy of cell killing with x-rays and a low unspecific toxicity of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Jüstel
- Fachhochschule Münster, Institute of Optical Technologies, Münster, Germany
| | - R. Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Brecher
- Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Chartier
- Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Espinoza
- Fachhochschule Münster, Institute of Optical Technologies, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Müller
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Yimin Wang
- Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Purschke
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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43
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Liu X, Zhang R, Shi H, Li X, Li Y, Taha A, Xu C. Protective effect of curcumin against ultraviolet A irradiation‑induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7227-7237. [PMID: 29568864 PMCID: PMC5928684 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes in skin, resulting in photoaging. Natural botanicals have gained considerable attention due to their beneficial protection against the harmful effects of UV irradiation. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of curcumin (Cur) to protect human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) against ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced photoaging. HDFs were treated with 0–10 µM Cur for 2 h and subsequently exposed to various intensities of UVA irradiation. The cell viability and apoptotic rate of HDFs were investigated by MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The effect of UVA and Cur on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde levels, which are an indicator of ROS, and the levels/activity of antioxidative defense proteins, including glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase, were evaluated using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and commercial assay kits. Furthermore, western blotting was performed to determine the levels of proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the apoptotic pathway, inflammation and the collagen synthesis pathway. The results demonstrated that Cur reduced the accumulation of ROS and restored the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, indicating that Cur minimized the damage induced by UVA irradiation in HDFs. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that Cur may attenuate UVA-induced ER stress, inflammation and apoptotic signaling by downregulating the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP-homologous protein, nuclear factor-κB and cleaved caspase-3, while upregulating the expression of Bcl-2. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Cur may regulate collagen metabolism by decreasing the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3, and may promote the repair of cells damaged as a result of UVA irradiation through increasing the protein expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Smad2/3, and decreasing the expression of the TGF-β inhibitor, Smad7. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate the potential benefits of Cur for the protection of HDFs against UVA-induced photoaging and highlight the potential for the application of Cur in skin photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Urumqi Jinsuijian Technical Development Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang 830013, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Ahmad Taha
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor 47810, Malaysia
| | - Chunxing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Singh S, Singh MK, Das P. Visual detection of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer DNA damage lesions by Hg 2+ and carbon dots. Anal Chim Acta 2018. [PMID: 29534804 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers (CPDs) and 6-4-[pyrimidine-2'-one] pyrimidine (6-4 PP) are major UV induced DNA damage lesions formed from solar radiation and other sources. CPD lesions are presumably mutagenic and carcinogenic that inhibit polymerases and interfere in DNA replication. An easy and cost effective way for visual detection of these lesions by using fluorescence based method is shown here. Artificial UVA and UVB lights were used for the generation of CPD and 6-4 PPs in selected DNA samples. Binding of Hg2+ ions with DNA before and after induction of CPD and 6-4 PP lesions was evaluated in the presence of highly fluorescent blue emitting carbon dots (CDs). Induction of CPD and 6-4 PPs in DNA causes distortion of DNA structure which hinders the binding of Hg2+ ions to DNA nucleobases. Quenching of fluorescence intensity of CDs by unbound Hg2+ ions was found to be proportional to the amount of CPD and 6-4 PP lesions induced by UV irradiation of DNA samples that offer a biosensing platform for the sensitive detection of CPD lesions in DNA. The fluorescent quenching was visually detectable using hand held UV light without the intervention of any equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, 801106, Bihar, India
| | - Manoj K Singh
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Prolay Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, 801106, Bihar, India.
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45
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Delinasios GJ, Karbaschi M, Cooke MS, Young AR. Vitamin E inhibits the UVAI induction of "light" and "dark" cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, and oxidatively generated DNA damage, in keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:423. [PMID: 29323251 PMCID: PMC5764969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced DNA damage has acute, and long-term adverse effects in the skin. This damage arises directly by absorption of UVR, and indirectly via photosensitization reactions. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of vitamin E on UVAI-induced DNA damage in keratinocytes in vitro. Incubation with vitamin E before UVAI exposure decreased the formation of oxidized purines (with a decrease in intracellular oxidizing species), and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). A possible sunscreening effect was excluded when similar results were obtained following vitamin E addition after UVAI exposure. Our data showed that DNA damage by UVA-induced photosensitization reactions can be inhibited by the introduction of vitamin E either pre- or post-irradiation, for both oxidized purines and CPD (including so-called "dark" CPDs). These data validate the evidence that some CPD are induced by UVAI initially via photosensitization, and some via chemoexcitation, and support the evidence that vitamin E can intervene in this pathway to prevent CPD formation in keratinocytes. We propose the inclusion of similar agents into topical sunscreens and aftersun preparations which, for the latter in particular, represents a means to mitigate on-going DNA damage formation, even after sun exposure has ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Delinasios
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital; Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- International Institute of Anticancer Research, Kapandriti, 19014, Greece
| | - Mahsa Karbaschi
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cancer Studies, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences; and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, University Park, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Fl, 33199, USA
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cancer Studies, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences; and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, University Park, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Fl, 33199, USA.
| | - Antony R Young
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital; Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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46
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Meyer S, Schröter MA, Hahn MB, Solomun T, Sturm H, Kunte HJ. Ectoine can enhance structural changes in DNA in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7170. [PMID: 28775267 PMCID: PMC5543045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strand breaks and conformational changes of DNA have consequences for the physiological role of DNA. The natural protecting molecule ectoine is beneficial to entire bacterial cells and biomolecules such as proteins by mitigating detrimental effects of environmental stresses. It was postulated that ectoine-like molecules bind to negatively charged spheres that mimic DNA surfaces. We investigated the effect of ectoine on DNA and whether ectoine is able to protect DNA from damages caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV-A). In order to determine different isoforms of DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy experiments were carried out with plasmid pUC19 DNA. Our quantitative results revealed that a prolonged incubation of DNA with ectoine leads to an increase in transitions from supercoiled (undamaged) to open circular (single-strand break) conformation at pH 6.6. The effect is pH dependent and no significant changes were observed at physiological pH of 7.5. After UV-A irradiation in ectoine solution, changes in DNA conformation were even more pronounced and this effect was pH dependent. We hypothesize that ectoine is attracted to the negatively charge surface of DNA at lower pH and therefore fails to act as a stabilizing agent for DNA in our in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meyer
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - M-A Schröter
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - M B Hahn
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Physics, Free University Berlin, Department of Physics, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Solomun
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Sturm
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany.,Technical University Berlin, D-10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - H J Kunte
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany
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47
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Gasperini AE, Sanchez S, Doiron AL, Lyles M, German GK. Non-ionising UV light increases the optical density of hygroscopic self assembled DNA crystal films. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6631. [PMID: 28747733 PMCID: PMC5529544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on ultraviolet (UV) light induced increases in the UV optical density of thin and optically transparent crystalline DNA films formed through self assembly. The films are comprised of closely packed, multi-faceted and sub micron sized crystals. UV-Vis spectrophotometry reveals that DNA films with surface densities up to 0.031 mg/mm2 can reduce the transmittance of incident UVC and UVB light by up to 90%, and UVA transmittance by up to 20%. Subsequent and independent film irradiation with either UVA or UVB dosages upwards of 80 J/cm2 both reduce UV transmittance, with reductions scaling monotonically with UV dosage. To date the induction of a hyperchromic effect has been demonstrated using heat, pH, high salt mediums, and high energy ionising radiation. Both hyperchromicity and increased light scattering could account for the increased film optical density after UV irradiation. Additional characterisation of the films reveal they are highly absorbent and hygroscopic. When coated on human skin, they are capable of slowing water evaporation and keeping the tissue hydrated for extended periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susy Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Amber L Doiron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Mark Lyles
- Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Guy K German
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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48
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Yagura T, Schuch AP, Garcia CCM, Rocha CRR, Moreno NC, Angeli JPF, Mendes D, Severino D, Bianchini Sanchez A, Di Mascio P, de Medeiros MHG, Menck CFM. Direct participation of DNA in the formation of singlet oxygen and base damage under UVA irradiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:86-93. [PMID: 28323132 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UVA light is hardly absorbed by the DNA molecule, but recent works point to a direct mechanism of DNA lesion by these wavelengths. UVA light also excite endogenous chromophores, which causes DNA damage through ROS. In this study, DNA samples were irradiated with UVA light in different conditions to investigate possible mechanisms involved in the induction of DNA damage. The different types of DNA lesions formed after irradiation were determined through the use of endonucleases, which recognize and cleave sites containing oxidized bases and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), as well as through antibody recognition. The formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanine (8-oxodG) was also studied in more detail using electrochemical detection. The results show that high NaCl concentration and concentrated DNA are capable of reducing the induction of CPDs. Moreover, concerning damage caused by oxidative stress, the presence of sodium azide and metal chelators reduce their induction, while deuterated water increases the amounts of oxidized bases, confirming the involvement of singlet oxygen in the generation of these lesions. Curiously, however, high concentrations of DNA also enhanced the formation of oxidized bases, in a reaction that paralleled the increase in the formation of singlet oxygen in the solution. This was interpreted as being due to an intrinsic photosensitization mechanism, depending directly on the DNA molecule to absorb UVA and generate singlet oxygen. Therefore, the DNA molecule itself may act as a chromophore for UVA light, locally producing a damaging agent, which may lead to even greater concerns about the deleterious impact of sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiti Yagura
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Passaglia Schuch
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97110-970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Davi Mendes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Divinomar Severino
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelica Bianchini Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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49
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Schuch AP, Moreno NC, Schuch NJ, Menck CFM, Garcia CCM. Sunlight damage to cellular DNA: Focus on oxidatively generated lesions. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:110-124. [PMID: 28109890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The routine and often unavoidable exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation makes it one of the most significant environmental DNA-damaging agents to which humans are exposed. Sunlight, specifically UVB and UVA, triggers various types of DNA damage. Although sunlight, mainly UVB, is necessary for the production of vitamin D, which is necessary for human health, DNA damage may have several deleterious consequences, such as cell death, mutagenesis, photoaging and cancer. UVA and UVB photons can be directly absorbed not only by DNA, which results in lesions, but also by the chromophores that are present in skin cells. This process leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, which may indirectly cause DNA damage. Despite many decades of investigation, the discrimination among the consequences of these different types of lesions is not clear. However, human cells have complex systems to avoid the deleterious effects of the reactive species produced by sunlight. These systems include antioxidants, that protect DNA, and mechanisms of DNA damage repair and tolerance. Genetic defects in these mechanisms that have clear harmful effects in the exposed skin are found in several human syndromes. The best known of these is xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), whose patients are defective in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and translesion synthesis (TLS) pathways. These patients are mainly affected due to UV-induced pyrimidine dimers, but there is growing evidence that XP cells are also defective in the protection against other types of lesions, including oxidized DNA bases. This raises a question regarding the relative roles of the various forms of sunlight-induced DNA damage on skin carcinogenesis and photoaging. Therefore, knowledge of what occurs in XP patients may still bring important contributions to the understanding of the biological impact of sunlight-induced deleterious effects on the skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Passaglia Schuch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97110-970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natielen Jacques Schuch
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro Universitário Franciscano, 97010-032 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
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50
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The Pathophysiological Impact of HLA Class Ia and HLA-G Expression and Regulatory T Cells in Malignant Melanoma: A Review. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6829283. [PMID: 27999823 PMCID: PMC5141560 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6829283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, a very common type of cancer, is a rapidly growing cancer of the skin with an increase in incidence among the Caucasian population. The disease is seen through all age groups and is very common in the younger age groups. Several studies have examined the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of malignant melanoma, which have enlightened our understanding of the development of the disease, but we have still to fully understand the complex immunological interactions. The examination of the interaction between the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system and prognostic outcome has shown interesting results, and a correlation between the down- or upregulation of these antigens and prognosis has been seen through many different types of cancer. In malignant melanoma, HLA class Ia has been seen to influence the effects of pharmaceutical drug treatment as well as the overall prognosis, and the HLA class Ib and regulatory T cells have been correlated with tumor progression. Although there is still no standardized immunological treatment worldwide, the interaction between the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system and tumor progression seems to be a promising focus in the way of optimizing the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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