1
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Qiao E, Fulmore CA, Schaffer DV, Kumar S. Substrate stress relaxation regulates neural stem cell fate commitment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317711121. [PMID: 38968101 PMCID: PMC11252819 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317711121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and their capacity to generate neurons and glia plays a role in learning and memory. In addition, neurodegenerative diseases are known to be caused by a loss of neurons and glial cells, resulting in a need to better understand stem cell fate commitment processes. We previously showed that NSC fate commitment toward a neuronal or glial lineage is strongly influenced by extracellular matrix stiffness, a property of elastic materials. However, tissues in vivo are not purely elastic and have varying degrees of viscous character. Relatively little is known about how the viscoelastic properties of the substrate impact NSC fate commitment. Here, we introduce a polyacrylamide-based cell culture platform that incorporates mismatched DNA oligonucleotide-based cross-links as well as covalent cross-links. This platform allows for tunable viscous stress relaxation properties via variation in the number of mismatched base pairs. We find that NSCs exhibit increased astrocytic differentiation as the degree of stress relaxation is increased. Furthermore, culturing NSCs on increasingly stress-relaxing substrates impacts cytoskeletal dynamics by decreasing intracellular actin flow rates and stimulating cyclic activation of the mechanosensitive protein RhoA. Additionally, inhibition of motor-clutch model components such as myosin II and focal adhesion kinase partially or completely reverts cells to lineage distributions observed on elastic substrates. Collectively, our results introduce a unique system for controlling matrix stress relaxation properties and offer insight into how NSCs integrate viscoelastic cues to direct fate commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Camille A. Fulmore
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
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2
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Cheung BCH, Abbed RJ, Wu M, Leggett SE. 3D Traction Force Microscopy in Biological Gels: From Single Cells to Multicellular Spheroids. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:93-118. [PMID: 38316064 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-103122-031130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell traction force plays a critical role in directing cellular functions, such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Current understanding of cell traction force is largely derived from 2D measurements where cells are plated on 2D substrates. However, 2D measurements do not recapitulate a vital aspect of living systems; that is, cells actively remodel their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), and the remodeled ECM, in return, can have a profound impact on cell phenotype and traction force generation. This reciprocal adaptivity of living systems is encoded in the material properties of biological gels. In this review, we summarize recent progress in measuring cell traction force for cells embedded within 3D biological gels, with an emphasis on cell-ECM cross talk. We also provide perspectives on tools and techniques that could be adapted to measure cell traction force in complex biochemical and biophysical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C H Cheung
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Rana J Abbed
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Susan E Leggett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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3
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Cheung BCH, Chen X, Davis HJ, Nordmann CS, Toth J, Hodgson L, Segall JE, Shenoy VB, Wu M. Identification of CD44 as a key mediator of cell traction force generation in hyaluronic acid-rich extracellular matrices. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.24.563860. [PMID: 37961689 PMCID: PMC10634813 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) critically regulate a number of important cell functions including growth, differentiation and migration. Type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are two primary components of ECMs that contribute to mammalian tissue mechanics, with the collagen fiber network sustaining tension, and GAGs withstanding compression. The architecture and stiffness of the collagen network are known to be important for cell-ECM mechanical interactions via integrin cell surface adhesion receptors. In contrast, studies of GAGs in modulating cell-ECM interactions are limited. Here, we present experimental studies on the roles of hyaluronic acid (HA, an unsulfated GAG) in single tumor cell traction force generation using a recently developed 3D cell traction force microscopy method. Our work reveals that CD44, a cell surface adhesion receptor to HA, is engaged in cell traction force generation in conjunction with β1-integrin. We find that HA significantly modifies the architecture and mechanics of the collagen fiber network, decreasing tumor cells' propensity to remodel the collagen network, attenuating traction force generation, transmission distance, and tumor invasion. Our findings point to a novel role for CD44 in traction force generation, which can be a potential therapeutic target for diseases involving HA rich ECMs such as breast cancer and glioblastoma.
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4
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Soliman BG, Longoni A, Major GS, Lindberg GCJ, Choi YS, Zhang YS, Woodfield TBF, Lim KS. Harnessing Macromolecular Chemistry to Design Hydrogel Micro- and Macro-Environments. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300457. [PMID: 38035637 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within three-dimensional hydrogels is a promising approach to mimic tissues. However, true biomimicry of the intricate microenvironment, biophysical and biochemical gradients, and the macroscale hierarchical spatial organizations of native tissues is an unmet challenge within tissue engineering. This review provides an overview of the macromolecular chemistries that have been applied toward the design of cell-friendly hydrogels, as well as their application toward controlling biophysical and biochemical bulk and gradient properties of the microenvironment. Furthermore, biofabrication technologies provide the opportunity to simultaneously replicate macroscale features of native tissues. Biofabrication strategies are reviewed in detail with a particular focus on the compatibility of these strategies with the current macromolecular toolkit described for hydrogel design and the challenges associated with their clinical translation. This review identifies that the convergence of the ever-expanding macromolecular toolkit and technological advancements within the field of biofabrication, along with an improved biological understanding, represents a promising strategy toward the successful tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram G Soliman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Alessia Longoni
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gretel S Major
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Gabriella C J Lindberg
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
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5
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Wiesli MG, Huber MW, Weisse B, Zboray R, Kiderlen S, González-Vázquez A, Maniura-Weber K, Rottmar M, Lackington WA. Immunomodulation Using BMP-7 and IL-10 to Enhance the Mineralization Capacity of Bone Progenitor Cells in a Fracture Hematoma-Like Environment. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400077. [PMID: 38599586 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Following biomaterial implantation, a failure to resolve inflammation during the formation of a fracture hematoma can significantly limit the biomaterial's ability to facilitate bone regeneration. This study aims to combine the immunomodulatory and osteogenic effects of BMP-7 and IL-10 with the regenerative capacity of collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds to enhance in vitro mineralization in a hematoma-like environment. Incubation of CHA scaffolds with human whole blood leads to rapid adsorption of fibrinogen, significant stiffening of the scaffold, and the formation of a hematoma-like environment characterized by a limited capacity to support the infiltration of human bone progenitor cells, a significant upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, and significantly reduced osteoconductivity. CHA scaffolds functionalized with BMP-7 and IL-10 significantly downregulate the production of key inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and leptin, creating a more permissive environment for mineralization, ultimately enhancing the biomaterial's osteoconductivity. In conclusion, targeting the onset of inflammation in the early phase of bone healing using BMP-7 and IL-10 functionalized CHA scaffolds is a promising approach to effectively downregulate inflammatory processes, while fostering a more permissive environment for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Guido Wiesli
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Werner Huber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Weisse
- Laboratory for Mechanical Systems Engineering, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Robert Zboray
- Center of X-ray Analytics, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | | | - Arlyng González-Vázquez
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - William Arthur Lackington
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
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6
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Xu KL, Di Caprio N, Fallahi H, Dehghany M, Davidson MD, Laforest L, Cheung BCH, Zhang Y, Wu M, Shenoy V, Han L, Mauck RL, Burdick JA. Microinterfaces in biopolymer-based bicontinuous hydrogels guide rapid 3D cell migration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2766. [PMID: 38553465 PMCID: PMC10980809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is critical for tissue development and regeneration but requires extracellular environments that are conducive to motion. Cells may actively generate migratory routes in vivo by degrading or remodeling their environments or instead utilize existing extracellular matrix microstructures or microtracks as innate pathways for migration. While hydrogels in general are valuable tools for probing the extracellular regulators of 3-dimensional migration, few recapitulate these natural migration paths. Here, we develop a biopolymer-based bicontinuous hydrogel system that comprises a covalent hydrogel of enzymatically crosslinked gelatin and a physical hydrogel of guest and host moieties bonded to hyaluronic acid. Bicontinuous hydrogels form through controlled solution immiscibility, and their continuous subdomains and high micro-interfacial surface area enable rapid 3D migration, particularly when compared to homogeneous hydrogels. Migratory behavior is mesenchymal in nature and regulated by biochemical and biophysical signals from the hydrogel, which is shown across various cell types and physiologically relevant contexts (e.g., cell spheroids, ex vivo tissues, in vivo tissues). Our findings introduce a design that leverages important local interfaces to guide rapid cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nikolas Di Caprio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hooman Fallahi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Dehghany
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew D Davidson
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Lorielle Laforest
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian C H Cheung
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Vivek Shenoy
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
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7
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Vallmajo-Martin Q, Millan C, Müller R, Weber FE, Ehrbar M, Ghayor C. Enhanced bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects through BMP2 release from engineered poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4916. [PMID: 38418564 PMCID: PMC10901800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical standard therapy for large bone defects, typically addressed through autograft or allograft donor tissue, faces significant limitations. Tissue engineering offers a promising alternative strategy for the regeneration of substantial bone lesions. In this study, we harnessed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels, optimizing critical parameters including stiffness, incorporation of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) cell adhesion motifs, degradability, and the release of BMP2 to promote bone formation. In vitro we demonstrated that human bone marrow derived stromal cell (hBMSC) proliferation and spreading strongly correlates with hydrogel stiffness and adhesion to RGD peptide motifs. Moreover, the incorporation of the osteogenic growth factor BMP2 into the hydrogels enabled sustained release, effectively inducing bone regeneration in encapsulated progenitor cells. When used in vivo to treat calvarial defects in rats, we showed that hydrogels of low and intermediate stiffness optimally facilitated cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation promoting the efficient repair of bone defects. Our comprehensive in vitro and in vivo findings collectively suggest that the developed hydrogels hold significant promise for clinical translation for bone repair and regeneration by delivering sustained and controlled stimuli from active signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queralt Vallmajo-Martin
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Millan
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 21, 8952, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 8093, 8049, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Krattiger LA, Moser LO, Odabasi R, Odriozola A, Simona BR, Djonov V, Tibbitt MW, Ehrbar M. Recovery of Therapeutically Ablated Engineered Blood-Vessel Networks on a Plug-and-Play Platform. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301142. [PMID: 37946678 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Limiting the availability of key angiogenesis-promoting factors is a successful strategy to ablate tumor-supplying blood vessels or to reduce excessive vasculature in diabetic retinopathy. However, the efficacy of such anti-angiogenic therapies (AATs) varies with tumor type, and regrowth of vessels is observed upon termination of treatment. The ability to understand and develop AATs remains limited by a lack of robust in vitro systems for modeling the recovery of vascular networks. Here, complex 3D micro-capillary networks are engineered by sequentially seeding human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) on a previously established, synthetic plug-and-play hydrogel platform. In the tightly interconnected vascular networks that form this way, the two cell types share a basement membrane-like layer and can be maintained for several days of co-culture. Pre-formed networks degrade in the presence of bevacizumab. Upon treatment termination, vessel structures grow back to their original positions after replenishment with new ECs, which also integrate into unperturbed established networks. The data suggest that this plug-and-play platform enables the screening of drugs with blood-vessel inhibiting functions. It is believed that this platform could be of particular interest in studying resistance or recovery mechanisms to AAT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Krattiger
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Lukas O Moser
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Rodi Odabasi
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Adolfo Odriozola
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin R Simona
- Ectica Technologies AG, Raeffelstrasse 24, Zurich, 8045, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
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9
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Qiu S, Qiu Y, Deng L, Nie L, Ge L, Zheng X, Jin D, Jin K, Zhou X, Su X, Cai B, Li J, Tu X, Gong L, Liu L, Liu Z, Bao Y, Ai J, Lin T, Yang L, Wei Q. Cell softness reveals tumorigenic potential via ITGB8/AKT/glycolysis signaling in a mice model of orthotopic bladder cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:209-221. [PMID: 37390491 PMCID: PMC10798691 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer, characterized by a high potential of tumor recurrence, has high lifelong monitoring and treatment costs. To date, tumor cells with intrinsic softness have been identified to function as cancer stem cells in several cancer types. Nonetheless, the existence of soft tumor cells in bladder tumors remains elusive. Thus, our study aimed to develop a micro-barrier microfluidic chip to efficiently isolate deformable tumor cells from distinct types of bladder cancer cells. METHODS The stiffness of bladder cancer cells was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modified microfluidic chip was utilized to separate soft cells, and the 3D Matrigel culture system was to maintain the softness of tumor cells. Expression patterns of integrin β8 (ITGB8), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were determined by Western blotting. Double immunostaining was conducted to examine the interaction between F-actin and tripartite motif containing 59 (TRIM59). The stem-cell-like characteristics of soft cells were explored by colony formation assay and in vivo studies upon xenografted tumor models. RESULTS Using our newly designed microfluidic approach, we identified a small fraction of soft tumor cells in bladder cancer cells. More importantly, the existence of soft tumor cells was confirmed in clinical human bladder cancer specimens, in which the number of soft tumor cells was associated with tumor relapse. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biomechanical stimuli arising from 3D Matrigel activated the F-actin/ITGB8/TRIM59/AKT/mTOR/glycolysis pathways to enhance the softness and tumorigenic capacity of tumor cells. Simultaneously, we detected a remarkable up-regulation in ITGB8, TRIM59, and phospho-AKT in clinical bladder recurrent tumors compared with their non-recurrent counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The ITGB8/TRIM59/AKT/mTOR/glycolysis axis plays a crucial role in modulating tumor softness and stemness. Meanwhile, the soft tumor cells become more sensitive to chemotherapy after stiffening, that offers new insights for hampering tumor progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Yaqi Qiu
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Linghui Deng
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kun Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xianghong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xingyang Su
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Boyu Cai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiang Tu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lina Gong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yige Bao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tianhai Lin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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10
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Cosgrove BD, Bounds LR, Taylor CK, Su AL, Rizzo AJ, Barrera A, Crawford GE, Hoffman BD, Gersbach CA. Mechanosensitive genomic enhancers potentiate the cellular response to matrix stiffness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.574997. [PMID: 38260455 PMCID: PMC10802421 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.574997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic control of cellular transcription and phenotype is influenced by changes in the cellular microenvironment, yet how mechanical cues from these microenvironments precisely influence epigenetic state to regulate transcription remains largely unmapped. Here, we combine genome-wide epigenome profiling, epigenome editing, and phenotypic and single-cell RNA-seq CRISPR screening to identify a new class of genomic enhancers that responds to the mechanical microenvironment. These 'mechanoenhancers' could be active on either soft or stiff extracellular matrix contexts, and regulated transcription to influence critical cell functions including apoptosis, mechanotransduction, proliferation, and migration. Epigenetic editing of mechanoenhancers on rigid materials tuned gene expression to levels observed on softer materials, thereby reprogramming the cellular response to the mechanical microenvironment. These editing approaches may enable the precise alteration of mechanically-driven disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Cosgrove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lexi R. Bounds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Carson Key Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alan L. Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anthony J. Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alejandro Barrera
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gregory E. Crawford
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brenton D. Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Charles A. Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27708, USA
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11
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Chikina AS, Zholudeva AO, Lomakina ME, Kireev II, Dayal AA, Minin AA, Maurin M, Svitkina TM, Alexandrova AY. Plasma Membrane Blebbing Is Controlled by Subcellular Distribution of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments. Cells 2024; 13:105. [PMID: 38201309 PMCID: PMC10778383 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of specific cellular protrusions, plasma membrane blebs, underlies the amoeboid mode of cell motility, which is characteristic for free-living amoebae and leukocytes, and can also be adopted by stem and tumor cells to bypass unfavorable migration conditions and thus facilitate their long-distance migration. Not all cells are equally prone to bleb formation. We have previously shown that membrane blebbing can be experimentally induced in a subset of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, whereas other cells in the same culture under the same conditions retain non-blebbing mesenchymal morphology. Here we show that this heterogeneity is associated with the distribution of vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs). Using different approaches to alter the VIF organization, we show that blebbing activity is biased toward cell edges lacking abundant VIFs, whereas the VIF-rich regions of the cell periphery exhibit low blebbing activity. This pattern is observed both in interphase fibroblasts, with and without experimentally induced blebbing, and during mitosis-associated blebbing. Moreover, the downregulation of vimentin expression or displacement of VIFs away from the cell periphery promotes blebbing even in cells resistant to bleb-inducing treatments. Thus, we reveal a new important function of VIFs in cell physiology that involves the regulation of non-apoptotic blebbing essential for amoeboid cell migration and mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S. Chikina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (A.S.C.); (A.O.Z.); (M.E.L.)
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Team, INSERM-U1223 Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anna O. Zholudeva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (A.S.C.); (A.O.Z.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Maria E. Lomakina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (A.S.C.); (A.O.Z.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Igor I. Kireev
- Department of Biology and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia;
| | - Alexander A. Dayal
- Institute of Protein Research, Department of Cell Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119988, Russia; (A.A.D.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Alexander A. Minin
- Institute of Protein Research, Department of Cell Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119988, Russia; (A.A.D.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris, France;
| | - Tatyana M. Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Antonina Y. Alexandrova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (A.S.C.); (A.O.Z.); (M.E.L.)
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12
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Gujjar S, Tyagi A, Sainger S, Bharti P, Nain V, Sood P, Jayabal P, Sharma JC, Sharma P, Rajput S, Pandey AK, Pandey AK, Abnave P, Mathapati S. Biocompatible Human Placental Extracellular Matrix Derived Hydrogels. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300349. [PMID: 37786307 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Solubilizing extracellular matrix (ECM) materials and transforming them into hydrogels has expanded their potential applications both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, hydrogels are prepared by decellularization of human placental tissue using detergent and enzymes and by the subsequent creation of a homogenized acellular placental tissue powder (P-ECM). A perfusion-based decellularization approach is employed using detergent and enzymes. The P-ECM with and without gamma irradiation is then utilized to prepare P-ECM hydrogels. Physical and biological evaluations are conducted to assess the suitability of the P-ECM hydrogels for biocompatibility. The decellularized tissue has significantly reduced cellular content and retains the major ECM proteins. Increasing the concentration of P-ECM leads to improved mechanical properties of the P-ECM hydrogels. The biocompatibility of the P-ECM hydrogel is demonstrated through cell proliferation and viability assays. Notably, gamma-sterilized P-ECM does not support the formation of a stable hydrogel. Nonetheless, the use of HCl during the digestion process effectively decreases spore growth and bacterial bioburden. The study demonstrates that P-ECM hydrogels exhibit physical and biological attributes conducive to soft tissue reconstruction. These hydrogels establish a favorable microenvironment for cell growth and the need for investigating innovative sterilization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Gujjar
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Anurag Tyagi
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Saloni Sainger
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Puja Bharti
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Vaibhav Nain
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Pratibha Sood
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Prakash Jayabal
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Jagadish Chandra Sharma
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, 121012, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, 121012, India
| | - Sanjay Rajput
- Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pandey
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, 121012, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Prasad Abnave
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Santosh Mathapati
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
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13
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Schrope JH, Horn A, Farooqui M, Lazorchak K, Li J, Tinnen C, Stevens JJ, Bennin D, Robertson T, Juang T, Li C, Huttenlocher A, Beebe DJ. Liquid-liquid interfaces enable tunable cell confinement to recapitulate surrounding tissue deformations during neutrophil interstitial migration in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544898. [PMID: 38106211 PMCID: PMC10723256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is regulated by an interplay between both chemical and mechanical cues. Immune cells navigate through interstitial spaces and generate forces to deform surrounding cells, which in turn exert opposing pressures that regulate cell morphology and motility mechanisms. Current in vitro systems to study confined cell migration largely utilize rigid materials orders of magnitude stiffer than surrounding cells, limiting insights into how these local physical interactions regulate interstitial cell motility. Here, we first characterize mechanical interactions between neutrophils and surrounding cells in larval zebrafish and subsequently engineer in vitro migration channels bound by a deformable liquid-liquid interface that responds to cell generated pressures yielding a gradient of confinement across the length of a single cell. Tuning confining pressure gradients replicates mechanical interactions with surrounding cells during interstitial migration in vivo . We find that neutrophils favor a bleb-based mechanism of force generation to deform a barrier applying cell-scale confining forces. This work introduces a biomimetic material interface that enables new avenues of exploring the influence of mechanical forces on cell migration.
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14
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Lewns FK, Tsigkou O, Cox LR, Wildman RD, Grover LM, Poologasundarampillai G. Hydrogels and Bioprinting in Bone Tissue Engineering: Creating Artificial Stem-Cell Niches for In Vitro Models. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301670. [PMID: 37087739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in bioprinting have enabled the fabrication of complex tissue constructs with high speed and resolution. However, there remains significant structural and biological complexity within tissues that bioprinting is unable to recapitulate. Bone, for example, has a hierarchical organization ranging from the molecular to whole organ level. Current bioprinting techniques and the materials employed have imposed limits on the scale, speed, and resolution that can be achieved, rendering the technique unable to reproduce the structural hierarchies and cell-matrix interactions that are observed in bone. The shift toward biomimetic approaches in bone tissue engineering, where hydrogels provide biophysical and biochemical cues to encapsulated cells, is a promising approach to enhancing the biological function and development of tissues for in vitro modeling. A major focus in bioprinting of bone tissue for in vitro modeling is creating dynamic microenvironmental niches to support, stimulate, and direct the cellular processes for bone formation and remodeling. Hydrogels are ideal materials for imitating the extracellular matrix since they can be engineered to present various cues whilst allowing bioprinting. Here, recent advances in hydrogels and 3D bioprinting toward creating a microenvironmental niche that is conducive to tissue engineering of in vitro models of bone are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca K Lewns
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - Olga Tsigkou
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 5GF, UK
| | - Liam R Cox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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15
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Xu KL, Caprio ND, Fallahi H, Dehgany M, Davidson MD, Cheung BC, Laforest L, Wu M, Shenoy V, Han L, Mauck RL, Burdick JA. Microinterfaces in bicontinuous hydrogels guide rapid 3D cell migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.28.559609. [PMID: 37808836 PMCID: PMC10557715 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.559609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is critical for tissue development and regeneration but requires extracellular environments that are conducive to motion. Cells may actively generate migratory routes in vivo by degrading or remodeling their environments or may instead utilize existing ECM microstructures or microtracks as innate pathways for migration. While hydrogels in general are valuable tools for probing the extracellular regulators of 3D migration, few have recapitulated these natural migration paths. Here, we developed a biopolymer-based (i.e., gelatin and hyaluronic acid) bicontinuous hydrogel system formed through controlled solution immiscibility whose continuous subdomains and high micro-interfacial surface area enabled rapid 3D migration, particularly when compared to homogeneous hydrogels. Migratory behavior was mesenchymal in nature and regulated by biochemical and biophysical signals from the hydrogel, which was shown across various cell types and physiologically relevant contexts (e.g., cell spheroids, ex vivo tissues, in vivo tissues). Our findings introduce a new design that leverages important local interfaces to guide rapid cell migration.
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16
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Cohen R, Baruch ES, Cabilly I, Shapira A, Dvir T. Modified ECM-Based Bioink for 3D Printing of Multi-Scale Vascular Networks. Gels 2023; 9:792. [PMID: 37888365 PMCID: PMC10606913 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival and function of tissues depend on appropriate vascularization. Blood vessels of the tissues supply oxygen, and nutrients and remove waste and byproducts. Incorporating blood vessels into engineered tissues is essential for overcoming diffusion limitations, improving tissue function, and thus facilitating the fabrication of thick tissues. Here, we present a modified ECM bioink, with enhanced mechanical properties and endothelial cell-specific adhesion motifs, to serve as a building material for 3D printing of a multiscale blood vessel network. The bioink is composed of natural ECM and alginate conjugated with a laminin adhesion molecule motif (YIGSR). The hybrid hydrogel was characterized for its mechanical properties, biochemical content, and ability to interact with endothelial cells. The pristine and modified hydrogels were mixed with induced pluripotent stem cells derived endothelial cells (iPSCs-ECs) and used to print large blood vessels with capillary beds in between.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.-S.B.); (I.C.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ester-Sapir Baruch
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.-S.B.); (I.C.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Itai Cabilly
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.-S.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Assaf Shapira
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.-S.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Tal Dvir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.-S.B.); (I.C.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Sagol Center for Regenerative Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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17
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Goldshmid R, Simaan-Yameen H, Ifergan L, Loebel C, Burdick JA, Seliktar D. Modulus-dependent effects on neurogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional hydrogel cultures. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1441-1458. [PMID: 37066837 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are of significant interest as a renewable source of therapeutically useful cells. In tissue engineering, hMSCs are implanted within a scaffold to provide enhanced capacity for tissue repair. The present study evaluates how mechanical properties of that scaffold can alter the phenotype and genotype of the cells, with the aim of augmenting hMSC differentiation along the myogenic, neurogenic or chondrogenic linages. The hMSCs were grown three-dimensionally (3D) in a hydrogel comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated to fibrinogen. The hydrogel's shear storage modulus (G'), which was controlled by increasing the amount of PEG-diacrylate cross-linker in the matrix, was varied in the range of 100-2000 Pascal (Pa). The differentiation into each lineage was initiated by a defined culture medium, and the hMSCs grown in the different modulus hydrogels were characterized using gene and protein expression. Materials having lower storage moduli (G' = 100 Pa) exhibited more hMSCs differentiating to neurogenic lineages. Myogenesis was favored in materials having intermediate modulus values (G' = 500 Pa), whereas chondrogenesis was favored in materials with a higher modulus (G' = 1000 Pa). Enhancing the differentiation pathway of hMSCs in 3D hydrogel scaffolds using simple modifications to mechanical properties represents an important achievement toward the effective application of these cells in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Goldshmid
- The Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- The Interdisciplinary Program for Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Haneen Simaan-Yameen
- The Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- The Interdisciplinary Program for Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Liaura Ifergan
- The Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Claudia Loebel
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Dror Seliktar
- The Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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18
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Walter C, Mathur J, Pathak A. Reciprocal intra- and extra-cellular polarity enables deep mechanosensing through layered matrices. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112362. [PMID: 37027304 PMCID: PMC11246724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent cells migrate on layered tissue interfaces to drive morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumor invasion. Although stiffer surfaces are known to enhance cell migration, it remains unclear whether cells sense basal stiff environments buried under softer, fibrous matrix. Using layered collagen-polyacrylamide gel systems, we unveil a migration phenotype driven by cell-matrix polarity. Here, cancer (but not normal) cells with stiff base matrix generate stable protrusions, faster migration, and greater collagen deformation because of "depth mechanosensing" through the top collagen layer. Cancer cell protrusions with front-rear polarity produce polarized collagen stiffening and deformations. Disruption of either extracellular or intracellular polarity via collagen crosslinking, laser ablation, or Arp2/3 inhibition independently abrogates depth-mechanosensitive migration of cancer cells. Our experimental findings, validated by lattice-based energy minimization modeling, present a cell migration mechanism whereby polarized cellular protrusions and contractility are reciprocated by mechanical extracellular polarity, culminating in a cell-type-dependent ability to mechanosense through matrix layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Walter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jairaj Mathur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amit Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Garrido CA, Garske DS, Thiele M, Amini S, Real S, Duda GN, Schmidt-Bleek K, Cipitria A. Hydrogels with stiffness-degradation spatial patterns control anisotropic 3D cell response. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213423. [PMID: 37167748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In nature, tissues are patterned, but most biomaterials used in human applications are not. Patterned biomaterials offer the opportunity to mimic spatially segregating biophysical and biochemical properties found in nature. Engineering such properties allows to study cell-matrix interactions in anisotropic matrices in great detail. Here, we developed alginate-based hydrogels with patterns in stiffness and degradation, composed of distinct areas of soft non-degradable (Soft-NoDeg) and stiff degradable (Stiff-Deg) material properties. The hydrogels exhibit emerging patterns in stiffness and degradability over time, taking advantage of dual crosslinking: Diels-Alder covalent crosslinking (norbornene-tetrazine, non degradable) and UV-mediated peptide crosslinking (matrix metalloprotease sensitive peptide, enzymatically degradable). The materials were mechanically characterized using rheology for single-phase and surface micro-indentation for patterned materials. 3D encapsulated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) allowed to characterize the anisotropic cell-matrix interaction in terms of cell morphology by employing a novel image-based quantification tool. Live/dead staining showed no differences in cell viability but distinct patterns in proliferation, with higher cell number in Stiff-Deg materials at day 14. Patterns of projected cell area became visible already at day 1, with larger values in Soft-NoDeg materials. This was inverted at day 14, when larger projected cell areas were identified in Stiff-Deg. This shift was accompanied by a significant decrease in cell circularity in Stiff-Deg. The control of anisotropic cell morphology by the material patterns was also confirmed by a significant increase in filopodia number and length in Stiff-Deg materials. The novel image-based quantification tool was useful to spatially visualize and quantify the anisotropic cell response in 3D hydrogels with stiffness-degradation spatial patterns. Our results show that patterning of stiffness and degradability allows to control cell anisotropic response in 3D and can be quantified by image-based strategies. This allows a deeper understanding of cell-matrix interactions in a multicomponent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Garrido
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela S Garske
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Thiele
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Samik Real
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Group of Bioengineering in Regeneration and Cancer, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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20
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Fadaei M, Kohansal M, Akbarpour O, Sami M, Ghanbariasad A. Network and functional analyses of differentially expressed genes in gastric cancer provide new biomarkers associated with disease pathogenesis. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:8. [PMID: 37032412 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a dominant source of cancer-related death around the globe and a serious threat to human health. However, there are very few practical diagnostic approaches and biomarkers for the treatment of this complex disease. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the association between differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which may function as potential biomarkers, and the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC). We constructed a protein-protein interaction network from DEGs followed by network clustering. Members of the two most extensive modules went under the enrichment analysis. We introduced a number of hub genes and gene families playing essential roles in oncogenic pathways and the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Enriched terms for Biological Process were obtained from the "GO" repository. RESULTS A total of 307 DEGs were identified between GC and their corresponding normal adjacent tissue samples in GSE63089 datasets, including 261 upregulated and 261 downregulated genes. The top five hub genes in the PPI network were CDK1, CCNB1, CCNA2, CDC20, and PBK. They are involved in focal adhesion formation, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell migration, survival signals, and cell proliferation. No significant survival result was found for these hub genes. CONCLUSIONS Using comprehensive analysis and bioinformatics methods, important key pathways and pivotal genes related to GC progression were identified, potentially informing further studies and new therapeutic targets for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Fadaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Kohansal
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Sami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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21
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Friend NE, McCoy AJ, Stegemann JP, Putnam AJ. A combination of matrix stiffness and degradability dictate microvascular network assembly and remodeling in cell-laden poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122050. [PMID: 36812843 PMCID: PMC10191204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of functional capillary blood vessels that can sustain the metabolic demands of transplanted parenchymal cells remains one of the biggest challenges to the clinical realization of engineered tissues for regenerative medicine. As such, there remains a need to better understand the fundamental influences of the microenvironment on vascularization. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels have been widely adopted to interrogate the influence of matrix physicochemical properties on cellular phenotypes and morphogenetic programs, including the formation of microvascular networks, in part due to the ease with which their properties can be controlled. In this study, we co-encapsulated endothelial cells and fibroblasts in PEG-norbornene (PEGNB) hydrogels in which stiffness and degradability were tuned to assess their independent and synergistic effects on vessel network formation and cell-mediated matrix remodeling longitudinally. Specifically, we achieved a range of stiffnesses and differing rates of degradation by varying the crosslinking ratio of norbornenes to thiols and incorporating either one (sVPMS) or two (dVPMS) cleavage sites within the matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) sensitive crosslinker, respectively. In less degradable sVPMS gels, decreasing the crosslinking ratio (thereby decreasing the initial stiffness) supported enhanced vascularization. When degradability was increased in dVPMS gels, all crosslinking ratios supported robust vascularization regardless of initial mechanical properties. The vascularization in both conditions was coincident with the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and cell-mediated stiffening, which was greater in dVPMS conditions after a week of culture. Collectively, these results indicate that enhanced cell-mediated remodeling of a PEG hydrogel, achieved either by reduced crosslinking or increased degradability, leads to more rapid vessel formation and higher degrees of cell-mediated stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Friend
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Atticus J McCoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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22
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Simpson C, Cavanagh BL, Kelly HM, Murphy CM. Simple Technique for Microscopic Evaluation of Active Cellular Invasion into 3D Hydrogel Constructs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1243-1250. [PMID: 36749897 PMCID: PMC10015425 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Materials that are evaluated for bioengineering purposes are carefully tested to evaluate cellular interactions with respect to biocompatibility and in some cases cell differentiation. A key perspective that is often considered is the ability for decellularized synthetic or natural based matrices to facilitate cell migration or tissue ingrowth. Current methods of measuring cell migration range from simple scratch assays to Boyden chamber inserts and fluorescent imaging of seeded spheroids. Many of these methods require tissue processing for histological analysis and fixing and staining for imaging, which can be difficult and dependent on the stability of the hydrogel subject. Herein we present a simple platform that can be manufactured using 3D printing and easily applied to in vitro cell culture, allowing the researcher to image live cellular migration into a cellular materials. We found this to be an adaptable, cheap, and replicable technique to evaluate cellular interaction that has applications in the research and development of hydrogels for tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
R. Simpson
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative
Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
(RCSI), 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Brenton L. Cavanagh
- Cellular
and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College
of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Helena M. Kelly
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative
Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
(RCSI), 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI, Ardilaun House, 111 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin D02 VN51, Ireland
| | - Ciara M. Murphy
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative
Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
(RCSI), 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- Advanced
Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Naughton Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, 152-160
Pearse Street, Dublin D02
R590, Ireland
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23
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Bouzos E, Asuri P. Sandwich Culture Platforms to Investigate the Roles of Stiffness Gradients and Cell–Matrix Adhesions in Cancer Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061729. [PMID: 36980615 PMCID: PMC10046033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the key role of cell migration in cancer metastasis, there is a critical need for in vitro models that better capture the complexities of in vivo cancer cell microenvironments. Using both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture models, recent research has demonstrated the role of both matrix and ligand densities in cell migration. Here, we leveraged our previously developed 2.5D sandwich culture platform to foster a greater understanding of the adhesion-dependent migration of glioblastoma cells with a stiffness gradient. Using this model, we demonstrated the differential role of stiffness gradients in migration in the presence and absence of adhesion moieties. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between the density of cell adhesion moieties and migration, and a diminished role of stiffness gradients at higher densities of adhesion moieties. These results, i.e., the reduced impact of stiffness gradients on adhesion-dependent migration relative to adhesion-independent migration, were confirmed using inhibitors of both mechanotransduction and cell adhesion. Taken together, our work demonstrates the utility of sandwich culture platforms that present stiffness gradients to study both adhesion-dependent and -independent cell migration and to help expand the existing portfolio of in vitro models of cancer metastasis.
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24
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Hebisch M, Klostermeier S, Wolf K, Boccaccini AR, Wolf SE, Tanzi RE, Kim DY. The Impact of the Cellular Environment and Aging on Modeling Alzheimer's Disease in 3D Cell Culture Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205037. [PMID: 36642841 PMCID: PMC10015857 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Creating a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that accurately recapitulates disease pathology has been a longstanding challenge. Recent studies showed that human AD neural cells, integrated into three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel matrix, display key features of AD neuropathology. Like in the human brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in determining the rate of neuropathogenesis in hydrogel-based 3D cellular models. Aging, the greatest risk factor for AD, significantly alters brain ECM properties. Therefore, it is important to understand how age-associated changes in ECM affect accumulation of pathogenic molecules, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in AD patients and in vitro models. In this review, mechanistic hypotheses is presented to address the impact of the ECM properties and their changes with aging on AD and AD-related dementias. Altered ECM characteristics in aged brains, including matrix stiffness, pore size, and composition, will contribute to disease pathogenesis by modulating the accumulation, propagation, and spreading of pathogenic molecules of AD. Emerging hydrogel-based disease models with differing ECM properties provide an exciting opportunity to study the impact of brain ECM aging on AD pathogenesis, providing novel mechanistic insights. Understanding the role of ECM aging in AD pathogenesis should also improve modeling AD in 3D hydrogel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hebisch
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
| | - Stefanie Klostermeier
- Institute of Medical PhysicsFriedrich‐Alexander Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und Medizin91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Katharina Wolf
- Department of Medicine 1Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of BiomaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Stephan E. Wolf
- Institute of Glass and CeramicsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
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25
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van Tienderen GS, Rosmark O, Lieshout R, Willemse J, de Weijer F, Elowsson Rendin L, Westergren-Thorsson G, Doukas M, Groot Koerkamp B, van Royen ME, van der Laan LJ, Verstegen MM. Extracellular matrix drives tumor organoids toward desmoplastic matrix deposition and mesenchymal transition. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:115-131. [PMID: 36427688 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived tumor organoids have been established as promising tools for in vitro modelling of multiple tumors, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, organoids are commonly cultured in basement membrane extract (BME) which does not recapitulate the intricacies of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We combined CCA organoids (CCAOs) with native tumor and liver scaffolds, obtained by decellularization, to effectuate a model to study the interaction between epithelial tumor cells and their surrounding ECM. Decellularization resulted in removal of cells while preserving ECM structure and retaining important characteristics of the tissue origin, including stiffness and presence of desmoplasia. The transcriptome of CCAOs in a tumor scaffold much more resembled that of patient-paired CCA tissue in vivo compared to CCAOs cultured in BME or liver scaffolds. This was accompanied by an increase in chemoresistance to clinically-relevant chemotherapeutics. CCAOs in decellularized scaffolds revealed environment-dependent proliferation dynamics, driven by the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, CCAOs initiated an environment-specific desmoplastic reaction by increasing production of multiple collagen types. In conclusion, convergence of organoid-based models with native ECM scaffolds will lead to better understanding of the in vivo tumor environment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The extracellular matrix (ECM) influences various facets of tumor behavior. Understanding the exact role of the ECM in controlling tumor cell fate is pertinent to understand tumor progression and develop novel therapeutics. This is particularly the case for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), whereby the ECM displays a distinct tumor environment, characterized by desmoplasia. However, current models to study the interaction between epithelial tumor cells and the environment are lacking. We have developed a fully patient-derived model encompassing CCA organoids (CCAOs) and human decellularized tumor and tumor-free liver ECM. The tumor ECM induced recapitulation of various aspects of CCA, including migration dynamics, transcriptome and proteome profiles, and chemoresistance. Lastly, we uncover that epithelial tumor cells contribute to matrix deposition, and that this phenomenon is dependent on the level of desmoplasia already present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles S van Tienderen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar Rosmark
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruby Lieshout
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorke Willemse
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floor de Weijer
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Elowsson Rendin
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Jw van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique Ma Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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26
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Tumor decellularization reveals proteomic and mechanical characteristics of the extracellular matrix of primary liver cancer. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213289. [PMID: 36724550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor initiation and progression are critically dependent on interaction of cancer cells with their cellular and extracellular microenvironment. Alterations in the composition, integrity, and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) dictate tumor processes including cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Also in primary liver cancer, consisting of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the dysregulation of the extracellular environment by liver fibrosis and tumor desmoplasia is pertinent. Yet, the exact changes occurring in liver cancer ECM remain uncharacterized and underlying tumor-promoting mechanisms remain largely unknown. Herein, an integrative molecular and mechanical approach is used to extensively characterize the ECM of HCC and CCA tumors by utilizing an optimized decellularization technique. We identified a myriad of proteins in both tumor and adjacent liver tissue, uncovering distinct malignancy-related ECM signatures. The resolution of this approach unveiled additional ECM-related proteins compared to large liver cancer transcriptomic datasets. The differences in ECM protein composition resulted in divergent mechanical properties on a macro- and micro-scale that are tumor-type specific. Furthermore, the decellularized tumor ECM was employed to create a tumor-specific hydrogel that supports patient-derived tumor organoids, which provides a new avenue for personalized medicine applications. Taken together, this study contributes to a better understanding of alterations to composition, stiffness, and collagen alignment of the tumor ECM that occur during liver cancer development.
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27
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Edwin PERG, Kumar S, Roy S, Roy B, Bajpai SK. Anisotropic 3D confinement of MCF-7 cells induces directed cell-migration and viscoelastic anisotropy of cell-membrane. Phys Biol 2023; 20. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac9bc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor-associated collagen signature-3 (TACS-3) is a prognostic indicator for breast cancer survival. It is characterized by highly organized, parallel bundles of collagen fibers oriented perpendicular to the tumor boundary, serving as directional, confining channels for cancer cell invasion. Here we design a TACS-3-mimetic anisotropic, confined collagen I matrix and examine the relation between anisotropy of matrix, directed cellular migration, and anisotropy of cell membrane-the first direct contact between TACS-3 and cell-using Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells as cancer-model. Using unidirectional freezing, we generated ∼50 μm-wide channels filled with collagen I. Optical tweezer (OT) microrheology shows that anisotropic confinement increases collagen viscoelasticity by two orders of magnitude, and the elastic modulus is significantly greater along the direction of anisotropic confinement compared to that along the orthogonal direction, thus establishing matrix anisotropy. Furthermore, MCF-7 cells embedded in anisotropic collagen I, exhibit directionality in cellular morphology and migration. Finally, using customized OT to trap polystyrene probes bound to cell-membrane (and not to ECM) of either free cells or cells under anisotropic confinement, we quantified the effect of matrix anisotropy on membrane viscoelasticity, both in-plane and out-of-plane, vis-à-vis the membrane. Both bulk and viscous modulus of cell-membrane of MCF-7 cells exhibit significant anisotropy under anisotropic confinement. Moreover, the cell membrane of MCF-7 cells under anisotropic confinement is significantly softer (both in-plane and out-of-plane moduli) despite their local environment being five times stiffer than free cells. In order to test if the coupling between anisotropy of extracellular matrix and anisotropy of cell-membrane is regulated by cell-cytoskeleton, actin cytoskeleton was depolymerized for both free and confined cells. Results show that cell membrane viscoelasticity of confined MCF-7 cells is unaffected by actin de-polymerization, in contrast to free cells. Together, these findings suggest that anisotropy of ECM induces directed migration and correlates with anisotropy of cell-membrane viscoelasticity of the MCF-7 cells in an actin-independent manner.
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28
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Solbu AA, Caballero D, Damigos S, Kundu SC, Reis RL, Halaas Ø, Chahal AS, Strand BL. Assessing cell migration in hydrogels: An overview of relevant materials and methods. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100537. [PMID: 36659998 PMCID: PMC9842866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is essential in numerous living processes, including embryonic development, wound healing, immune responses, and cancer metastasis. From individual cells to collectively migrating epithelial sheets, the locomotion of cells is tightly regulated by multiple structural, chemical, and biological factors. However, the high complexity of this process limits the understanding of the influence of each factor. Recent advances in materials science, tissue engineering, and microtechnology have expanded the toolbox and allowed the development of biomimetic in vitro assays to investigate the mechanisms of cell migration. Particularly, three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels have demonstrated a superior ability to mimic the extracellular environment. They are therefore well suited to studying cell migration in a physiologically relevant and more straightforward manner than in vivo approaches. A myriad of synthetic and naturally derived hydrogels with heterogeneous characteristics and functional properties have been reported. The extensive portfolio of available hydrogels with different mechanical and biological properties can trigger distinct biological responses in cells affecting their locomotion dynamics in 3D. Herein, we describe the most relevant hydrogels and their associated physico-chemical characteristics typically employed to study cell migration, including established cell migration assays and tracking methods. We aim to give the reader insight into existing literature and practical details necessary for performing cell migration studies in 3D environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Akbarzadeh Solbu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NOBIPOL, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Caballero
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal,ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Spyridon Damigos
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NOBIPOL, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal,ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal,ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Øyvind Halaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aman S. Chahal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NOBIPOL, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway,Corresponding author. Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NOBIPOL, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Berit L. Strand
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NOBIPOL, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Corresponding author.
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29
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Elango J, Lijnev A, Zamora-Ledezma C, Alexis F, Wu W, Marín JMG, Sanchez de Val JEM. The Relationship of Rheological Properties and the Performance of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering Application. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Al Maruf DSA, Ghosh YA, Xin H, Cheng K, Mukherjee P, Crook JM, Wallace GG, Klein TJ, Clark JR. Hydrogel: A Potential Material for Bone Tissue Engineering Repairing the Segmental Mandibular Defect. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194186. [PMID: 36236133 PMCID: PMC9571534 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Free flap surgery is currently the only successful method used by surgeons to reconstruct critical-sized defects of the jaw, and is commonly used in patients who have had bony lesions excised due to oral cancer, trauma, infection or necrosis. However, donor site morbidity remains a significant flaw of this strategy. Various biomaterials have been under investigation in search of a suitable alternative for segmental mandibular defect reconstruction. Hydrogels are group of biomaterials that have shown their potential in various tissue engineering applications, including bone regeneration, both through in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical animal trials. This review discusses different types of hydrogels, their fabrication techniques, 3D printing, their potential for bone regeneration, outcomes, and the limitations of various hydrogels in preclinical models for bone tissue engineering. This review also proposes a modified technique utilizing the potential of hydrogels combined with scaffolds and cells for efficient reconstruction of mandibular segmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Abdullah Al Maruf
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yohaann Ali Ghosh
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Hai Xin
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Kai Cheng
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Payal Mukherjee
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Jeremy Micah Crook
- Biomedical Innovation, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- Sarcoma and Surgical Research Centre, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon George Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Travis Jacob Klein
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia
| | - Jonathan Robert Clark
- Integrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local, Camperdown 2050, Australia
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31
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McGlynn JA, Schultz KM. Measuring human mesenchymal stem cell remodeling in hydrogels with a step-change in elastic modulus. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6340-6352. [PMID: 35968833 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00717g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are instrumental in the wound healing process. They migrate to wounds from their native niche in response to chemical signals released during the inflammatory phase of healing. At the wound, hMSCs downregulate inflammation and regulate tissue regeneration. Delivering additional hMSCs to wounds using cell-laden implantable hydrogels has the potential to improve healing outcomes and restart healing in chronic wounds. For these materials to be effective, cells must migrate from the scaffold into the native tissue. This requires cells to traverse a step-change in material properties at the implant-tissue interface. Migration of cells in material with highly varying properties is not well characterized. We measure 3D encapsulated hMSC migration and remodeling in a well-characterized hydrogel with a step-change in stiffness. This cell-degradable hydrogel is composed of 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-norbornene cross-linked with an enzymatically-degradable peptide. The scaffold is made with two halves of different stiffnesses separated by an interface where stiffness changes rapidly. We characterize changes in structure and rheology of the pericellular region using multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT). MPT measures Brownian motion of embedded particles and relates it to material rheology. We measure more remodeling in the soft region of the hydrogel than the stiff region on day 1 post-encapsulation and similar remodeling everywhere on day 6. In the interface region, we measure hMSC-mediated remodeling along the interface and migration towards the stiff side of the scaffold. These results can improve materials designed for cell delivery from implants to a wound to enhance healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McGlynn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
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32
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Chevalier NR. Physical organogenesis of the gut. Development 2022; 149:276365. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The gut has been a central subject of organogenesis since Caspar Friedrich Wolff’s seminal 1769 work ‘De Formatione Intestinorum’. Today, we are moving from a purely genetic understanding of cell specification to a model in which genetics codes for layers of physical–mechanical and electrical properties that drive organogenesis such that organ function and morphogenesis are deeply intertwined. This Review provides an up-to-date survey of the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical forces acting on the embryonic vertebrate gut during development and of their role in all aspects of intestinal morphogenesis: enteric nervous system formation, epithelium structuring, muscle orientation and differentiation, anisotropic growth and the development of myogenic and neurogenic motility. I outline numerous implications of this biomechanical perspective in the etiology and treatment of pathologies, such as short bowel syndrome, dysmotility, interstitial cells of Cajal-related disorders and Hirschsprung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R. Chevalier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7057 , 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris , France
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Cell mediated remodeling of stiffness matched collagen and fibrin scaffolds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11736. [PMID: 35817812 PMCID: PMC9273755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are known to continuously remodel their local extracellular matrix (ECM) and in a reciprocal way, they can also respond to mechanical and biochemical properties of their fibrous environment. In this study, we measured how stiffness around dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells differs with concentration of rat tail type 1 collagen (T1C) and type of ECM. Peri-cellular stiffness was probed in four directions using multi-axes optical tweezers active microrheology (AMR). First, we found that neither cell type significantly altered local stiffness landscape at different concentrations of T1C. Next, rat tail T1C, bovine skin T1C and fibrin cell-free hydrogels were polymerized at concentrations formulated to match median stiffness value. Each of these hydrogels exhibited distinct fiber architecture. Stiffness landscape and fibronectin secretion, but not nuclear/cytoplasmic YAP ratio differed with ECM type. Further, cell response to Y27632 or BB94 treatments, inhibiting cell contractility and activity of matrix metalloproteinases, respectively, was also dependent on ECM type. Given differential effect of tested ECMs on peri-cellular stiffness landscape, treatment effect and cell properties, this study underscores the need for peri-cellular and not bulk stiffness measurements in studies on cellular mechanotransduction.
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Iyer KS, Maruri DP, Peak KE, Schmidtke DW, Petroll WM, Varner VD. ECM stiffness modulates the proliferation but not the motility of primary corneal keratocytes in response to PDGF-BB. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109112. [PMID: 35595094 PMCID: PMC10163834 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During corneal wound healing, keratocytes present within the corneal stroma become activated into a repair phenotype upon the release of growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). The process of injury and repair can lead to changes in the mechanical properties of the tissue, and previous work has shown that the TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation of corneal keratocytes depends on substratum stiffness. It is still unclear, however, if changes in stiffness can modulate keratocyte behavior in response to other growth factors, such as PDGF-BB. Here, we used a polyacrylamide (PA) gel system to determine whether changes in stiffness influence the proliferation and motility of primary corneal keratocytes treated with PDGF-BB. In the presence of PDGF-BB, cells on stiffer substrata exhibited a more elongated morphology and had higher rates of proliferation than cells in a more compliant microenvironment. Using a freeze-injury to assay cell motility, however, we did not observe any stiffness-dependent differences in the migration of keratocytes treated with PDGF-BB. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of biophysical cues during corneal wound healing and suggest that keratocytes respond differently to changes in ECM stiffness in the presence of different growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika S Iyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P Maruri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Kara E Peak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - David W Schmidtke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - W Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victor D Varner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Long H, Vos BE, Betz T, Baker BM, Trappmann B. Nonswelling and Hydrolytically Stable Hydrogels Uncover Cellular Mechanosensing in 3D. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105325. [PMID: 35187856 PMCID: PMC9036035 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While matrix stiffness regulates cell behavior on 2D substrates, recent studies using synthetic hydrogels have suggested that in 3D environments, cell behavior is primarily impacted by matrix degradability, independent of stiffness. However, these studies did not consider the potential impact of other confounding matrix parameters that typically covary with changes in stiffness, particularly, hydrogel swelling and hydrolytic stability, which may explain the previously observed distinctions in cell response in 2D versus 3D settings. To investigate how cells sense matrix stiffness in 3D environments, a nonswelling, hydrolytically stable, linearly elastic synthetic hydrogel model is developed in which matrix stiffness and degradability can be tuned independently. It is found that matrix degradability regulates cell spreading kinetics, while matrix stiffness dictates the final spread area once cells achieve equilibrium spreading. Importantly, the differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells toward adipocytes or osteoblasts is regulated by the spread state of progenitor cells upon initiating differentiation. These studies uncover matrix stiffness as a major regulator of cell function not just in 2D, but also in 3D environments, and identify matrix degradability as a critical microenvironmental feature in 3D that in conjunction with matrix stiffness dictates cell spreading, cytoskeletal state, and stem cell differentiation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Long
- Bioactive Materials LaboratoryMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineRöntgenstraße 20Münster48149Germany
| | - Bart E. Vos
- Third Institute of Physics – BiophysicsGeorg August University GöttingenGöttingen37077Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Third Institute of Physics – BiophysicsGeorg August University GöttingenGöttingen37077Germany
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Engineered Microenvironments and Mechanobiology LabDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Britta Trappmann
- Bioactive Materials LaboratoryMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineRöntgenstraße 20Münster48149Germany
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Min K, Kong JS, Kim J, Kim J, Gao G, Cho DW, Han HH. Three-Dimensional Microfilament Printing of a Decellularized Extracellular Matrix (dECM) Bioink Using a Microgel Printing Bath for Nerve Graft Fabrication and the Effectiveness of dECM Graft Combined with a Polycaprolactone Conduit. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1591-1603. [PMID: 35324142 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Various synthetic and decellularized materials are being used to reconstruct peripheral nerve defects and replace autologous nerve grafts. In this study, we developed a microgel printing bath to three-dimensionally (3D) print a peripheral nervous system decellularized extracellular matrix nerve graft reinforced by a polycaprolactone (PCL) conduit. The straightforward fabrication method of an alginate microgel-supplemented printing bath allows a 30 μm filament resolution of a low viscous decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel with neutral pH. When applied to a sciatic nerve defect model of rats, the total number of regenerated axons and relative gastrocnemius muscle weight ratio were comparable to those of the autologous nerve graft group. Meanwhile, the results were superior to those of the porcine decellularized nerve graft group or the 3D printed decellularized extracellular matrix graft group. This study will be the first step demonstrating that the 3D printed decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) graft with a PCL conduit is an effective and reliable choice to replace an autologous nerve graft in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghyun Min
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sik Kong
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Engineering Medicine Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Han
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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37
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Tang Y, Zhu L, Cho JS, Li XY, Weiss SJ. Matrix remodeling controls a nuclear lamin A/C-emerin network that directs Wnt-regulated stem cell fate. Dev Cell 2022; 57:480-495.e6. [PMID: 35150612 PMCID: PMC8891068 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) reside within a three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) compartment and differentiate into multiple cell lineages, thereby controlling tissue maintenance and regeneration. Within this environment, SSCs can proteolytically remodel the surrounding ECM in response to growth factors that direct lineage commitment via undefined mechanisms. Here, we report that Mmp14-dependent ECM remodeling coordinates canonical Wnt signaling and guides stem cell fate by triggering an integrin-activated reorganization of the SCC cytoskeleton that controls nuclear lamin A/C levels via the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. In turn, SSC lamin A/C levels dictate the localization of emerin, an inner nuclear membrane protein whose ability to regulate β-catenin activity modulates Wnt signaling while directing lineage commitment in vitro and in vivo. These findings define a previously undescribed axis wherein SSCs use Mmp14-dependent ECM remodeling to control cytoskeletal and nucleoskeletal organization, thereby governing Wnt-dependent stem cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Lingxin Zhu
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jung-Sun Cho
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Stephen J. Weiss
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Corresponding Authors: Stephen J. Weiss, MD, , Life Sciences Institute, Mary Sue Coleman Hall, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, Yi Tang, PhD, , Life Sciences Institute, Mary Sue Coleman Hall, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216
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38
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Beeghly GF, Amofa KY, Fischbach C, Kumar S. Regulation of Tumor Invasion by the Physical Microenvironment: Lessons from Breast and Brain Cancer. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2022; 24:29-59. [PMID: 35119915 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The success of anticancer therapies is often limited by heterogeneity within and between tumors. While much attention has been devoted to understanding the intrinsic molecular diversity of tumor cells, the surrounding tissue microenvironment is also highly complex and coevolves with tumor cells to drive clinical outcomes. Here, we propose that diverse types of solid tumors share common physical motifs that change in time and space, serving as universal regulators of malignancy. We use breast cancer and glioblastoma as instructive examples and highlight how invasion in both diseases is driven by the appropriation of structural guidance cues, contact-dependent heterotypic interactions with stromal cells, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure and flow. We discuss how engineering strategies show increasing value for measuring and modeling these physical properties for mechanistic studies. Moreover, engineered systems offer great promise for developing and testing novel therapies that improve patient prognosis by normalizing the physical tumor microenvironment. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett F Beeghly
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Kwasi Y Amofa
- University of California, Berkeley-University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California, USA; .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; .,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- University of California, Berkeley-University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California, USA; .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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An Innovative Customized Biomimetic Hydrogel for Drug Screening Application Potential: Biocompatibility and Cell Invasion Ability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031488. [PMID: 35163411 PMCID: PMC8835991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of Pluronic F127 (PF127) conjugated with tetrapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp (GRGD) as a sequence of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide to form the investigated potential hydrogel (hereafter referred to as 3DG bioformer (3BE)) to produce spheroid, biocompatibility, and cell invasion ability, was assessed in this study. The fibroblast cell line (NIH 3T3), osteoblast cell line (MG-63), and human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were cultured in the 3BE hydrogel and commercial product (Matrigel) for comparison. The morphology of spheroid formation was evaluated via optical microscopy. The cell viability was observed through cell counting Kit-8 assay, and cell invasion was investigated via Boyden chamber assay. Analytical results indicated that 3BE exhibited lower spheroid formation than Matrigel. However, the 3BE appeared biocompatible to NIH 3T3, MG-63, and MCF-7 cells. Moreover, cell invasion ability and cell survival rate after invasion through the 3BE was displayed to be comparable to Matrigel. Thus, these findings demonstrate that the 3BE hydrogel has a great potential as an alternative to a three-dimensional cell culture for drug screening applications.
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40
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Mazalan MB, Noor AM, Wahab Y, Yahud S, Zaman WSWK. Current Development in Interdigital Transducer (IDT) Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Live Cell In Vitro Studies: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010030. [PMID: 35056195 PMCID: PMC8779155 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acoustics have a wide range of uses, from noise-cancelling to ultrasonic imaging. There has been a surge in interest in developing acoustic-based approaches for biological and biomedical applications in the last decade. This review focused on the application of surface acoustic waves (SAW) based on interdigital transducers (IDT) for live-cell investigations, such as cell manipulation, cell separation, cell seeding, cell migration, cell characteristics, and cell behaviours. The approach is also known as acoustofluidic, because the SAW device is coupled with a microfluidic system that contains live cells. This article provides an overview of several forms of IDT of SAW devices on recently used cells. Conclusively, a brief viewpoint and overview of the future application of SAW techniques in live-cell investigations were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazlee Bin Mazalan
- AMBIENCE, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (A.M.N.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.M.); (W.S.W.K.Z.)
| | - Anas Mohd Noor
- AMBIENCE, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (A.M.N.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yufridin Wahab
- AMBIENCE, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (A.M.N.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shuhaida Yahud
- AMBIENCE, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (A.M.N.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.B.M.); (W.S.W.K.Z.)
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41
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Pitta Kruize C, Panahkhahi S, Putra NE, Diaz-Payno P, van Osch G, Zadpoor AA, Mirzaali MJ. Biomimetic Approaches for the Design and Fabrication of Bone-to-Soft Tissue Interfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34784181 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone-to-soft tissue interfaces are responsible for transferring loads between tissues with significantly dissimilar material properties. The examples of connective soft tissues are ligaments, tendons, and cartilages. Such natural tissue interfaces have unique microstructural properties and characteristics which avoid the abrupt transitions between two tissues and prevent formation of stress concentration at their connections. Here, we review some of the important characteristics of these natural interfaces. The native bone-to-soft tissue interfaces consist of several hierarchical levels which are formed in a highly specialized anisotropic fashion and are composed of different types of heterogeneously distributed cells. The characteristics of a natural interface can rely on two main design principles, namely by changing the local microarchitectural features (e.g., complex cell arrangements, and introducing interlocking mechanisms at the interfaces through various geometrical designs) and changing the local chemical compositions (e.g., a smooth and gradual transition in the level of mineralization). Implementing such design principles appears to be a promising approach that can be used in the design, reconstruction, and regeneration of engineered biomimetic tissue interfaces. Furthermore, prominent fabrication techniques such as additive manufacturing (AM) including 3D printing and electrospinning can be used to ease these implementation processes. Biomimetic interfaces have several biological applications, for example, to create synthetic scaffolds for osteochondral tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pitta Kruize
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Panahkhahi
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Niko Eka Putra
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Diaz-Payno
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo van Osch
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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42
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Mommer S, Gehlen D, Akagi T, Akashi M, Keul H, Möller M. Thiolactone-Functional Pullulan for In Situ Forming Biogels. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4262-4273. [PMID: 34546742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gelation in the presence of cells with minimum cytotoxicity is highly desirable for materials with applications in tissue engineering. Herein, the naturally occurring polysaccharide pullulan is functionalized with thiolactones that undergo ring-opening addition of amines. As a result, the modified pullulan can be cross-linked with diamines and/or amine-containing biological substrates enhancing the system's versatility (e.g., gelatin and cell-binding ligands GHK/GRGDS). Thiolactone degrees of substitution of 2.5 or 5.0 mol % are achieved, and respective hydrogels exhibit mesh sizes of 27.8 to 49.1 nm. Cell proliferation studies on chosen gels (G' ≅ 500 Pa, over 14 days) demonstrate that for normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs), both gelatin and GRGDS equally support cell proliferation, while in the case of hepatocytes (HepG2), the presence of GRGDS and GHK improve cell proliferation 10-fold compared to gelatin. Cells remain viable and in one instance were successfully encapsulated by in situ gelation, altogether confirming the mild and biocompatible nature of this strategy to produce biogels using biologically active substrates as cross-linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mommer
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - David Gehlen
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Takami Akagi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Tan ML, Ling L, Fischbach C. Engineering strategies to capture the biological and biophysical tumor microenvironment in vitro. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113852. [PMID: 34197895 PMCID: PMC8440401 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research and advancements in diagnostic and treatment modalities, cancer remains a major global healthcare challenge. This is due in part to a lack of model systems that allow investigating the mechanisms underlying tumor development, progression, and therapy resistance under relevant conditions in vitro. Tumor cell interactions with their surroundings influence all stages of tumorigenesis and are shaped by both biological and biophysical cues including cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, tissue architecture and mechanics, and mass transport. Engineered tumor models provide promising platforms to elucidate the individual and combined contributions of these cues to tumor malignancy under controlled and physiologically relevant conditions. This review will summarize current knowledge of the biological and biophysical microenvironmental cues that influence tumor development and progression, present examples of in vitro model systems that are presently used to study these interactions and highlight advancements in tumor engineering approaches to further improve these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Tan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lu Ling
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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44
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Mousavi N. Characterization of in vitro 3D cultures. APMIS 2021; 129 Suppl 142:1-30. [PMID: 34399444 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, 3D culture models of human and animal cells have found their way into tissue differentiation, drug development, personalized medicine and tumour behaviour studies. Embryoid bodies (EBs) are in vitro 3D cultures established from murine pluripotential stem cells, whereas tumoroids are patient-derived in vitro 3D cultures. This thesis aims to describe a new implication of an embryoid body model and to characterize the patient-specific microenvironment of the parental tumour in relation to tumoroid growth rate. In this thesis, we described a high-throughput monitoring method, where EBs are used as a dynamic angiogenesis model. In this model, digital image analysis (DIA) is implemented on immunohistochemistry (IHC) stained sections of the cultures over time. Furthermore, we have investigated the correlation between the genetic profile and inflammatory microenvironment of parental tumours on the in vitro growth rate of tumoroids. The EBs were cultured in spinner flasks. The samples were collected at days 4, 6, 9, 14, 18 and 21, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. The histological sections were IHC stained for the endothelial marker CD31 and digitally scanned. The virtual whole-image slides were digitally analysed by Visiopharm® software. Histological evaluation showed vascular-like structures over time. The quantitative DIA was plausible to monitor significant increase in the total area of the EBs and an increase in endothelial differentiation. The tumoroids were established from 32 colorectal adenocarcinomas. The in vitro growth rate of the tumoroids was followed by automated microscopy over an 11-day period. The parental tumours were analysed by next-generation sequencing for KRAS, TP53, PIK3CA, SMAD4, MAP2K1, BRAF, FGFR3 and FBXW7 status. The tumoroids established from KRAS-mutated parental tumours showed a significantly higher growth rate compared to their wild-type counterparts. The density of CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages was calculated in the centre of the tumours and at the invasive margin of the tumours. The high density of CD3+ cells and the low density of CD68+ cells showed a significant correlation with a higher growth rate of the tumoroids. In conclusion, a novel approach for histological monitoring of endothelial differentiation is presented in the stem cell-derived EBs. Furthermore, the KRAS status and density of CD3+ T cells and macrophages in the parental tumour influence the growth rate of the tumoroids. Our results indicate that these parameters should be included when tumoroids are to be implemented in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Mousavi
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Castro F, Leite Pereira C, Helena Macedo M, Almeida A, José Silveira M, Dias S, Patrícia Cardoso A, José Oliveira M, Sarmento B. Advances on colorectal cancer 3D models: The needed translational technology for nanomedicine screening. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113824. [PMID: 34090966 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous and molecularly complex disease, associated with high mortality worldwide, exposing the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Their development and translation to the clinic have been hampered, partially due to the absence of reliable cellular models that resemble key features of the human disease. While traditional 2D models are not able to provide consistent and predictive responses about the in vivo efficiency of the formulation, animal models frequently fail to recapitulate cancer progression and to reproduce adverse effects. On its turn, multicellular 3D systems, by mimicking key genetic, physical and mechanical cues of the tumor microenvironment, constitute a promising tool in cancer research. In addition, they constitute more physiological and relevant environment for anticancer drugs screening and for predicting patient's response towards personalized approaches, bridging the gap between simplified 2D models and unrepresentative animal models. In this review, we provide an overview of CRC 3D models for translational research, with focus on their potential for nanomedicines screening.
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Fazal F, Raghav S, Callanan A, Koutsos V, Radacsi N. Recent advancements in the bioprinting of vascular grafts. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34102613 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the bioinks and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting methods used to fabricate vascular constructs are summarized herein. Critical biomechanical properties required to fabricate an ideal vascular graft are highlighted, as well as various testing methods have been outlined to evaluate the bio-fabricated grafts as per the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) guidelines. Occlusive artery disease and cardiovascular disease are the major causes of death globally. These diseases are caused by the blockage in the arteries, which results in a decreased blood flow to the tissues of major organs in the body, such as the heart. Bypass surgery is often performed using a vascular graft to re-route the blood flow. Autologous grafts represent a gold standard for such bypass surgeries; however, these grafts may be unavailable due to the previous harvesting or possess a poor quality. Synthetic grafts serve well for medium to large-sized vessels, but they fail when used to replace small-diameter vessels, generally smaller than 6 mm. Various tissue engineering approaches have been used to address the urgent need for vascular graft that can withstand hemodynamic blood pressure and has the ability to grow and remodel. Among these approaches, 3D bioprinting offers an attractive solution to construct patient-specific vessel grafts with layered biomimetic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Fazal
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, (New Campus) Pakistan
| | - Sakshika Raghav
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Kuddannaya S, Zhu W, Chu C, Singh A, Walczak P, Bulte JWM. In Vivo Imaging of Allografted Glial-Restricted Progenitor Cell Survival and Hydrogel Scaffold Biodegradation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23423-23437. [PMID: 33978398 PMCID: PMC9440547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transplanted glial-restricted progenitor (GRP) cells have potential to focally replace defunct astrocytes and produce remyelinating oligodendrocytes to avert neuronal death and dysfunction. However, most central nervous system cell therapeutic paradigms are hampered by high initial cell death and a host anti-graft immune response. We show here that composite hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels of tunable mechanical strengths can significantly improve transplanted GRP survival and differentiation. Allogeneic GRPs expressing green fluorescent protein and firefly luciferase were scaffolded in optimized hydrogel formulations and transplanted intracerebrally into immunocompetent BALB/c mice followed by serial in vivo bioluminescent imaging and chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (CEST MRI). We demonstrate that gelatin-sensitive CEST MRI can be exploited to monitor hydrogel scaffold degradation in vivo for ∼5 weeks post transplantation without necessitating exogenous labeling. Hydrogel scaffolding of GRPs resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in transplanted cell survival at day 32 post transplantation compared to naked cells. Histological analysis showed significant enhancement of cell proliferation as well as Olig2+ and GFAP+ cell differentiation for scaffolded cells compared to naked cells, with reduced host immunoreactivity. Hence, hydrogel scaffolding of transplanted GRPs in conjunction with serial in vivo imaging of cell survival and hydrogel degradation has potential for further advances in glial cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Kuddannaya
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Chengyan Chu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anirudha Singh
- Department of Urology, the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Elosegui-Artola A. The extracellular matrix viscoelasticity as a regulator of cell and tissue dynamics. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:10-18. [PMID: 33993058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix mechanical properties regulate processes in development, cancer, and fibrosis. Among the distinct mechanical properties, the vast majority of research has focused on the extracellular matrix's elasticity as the primary determinant of cell and tissue behavior. However, both cells and the extracellular matrix are not only elastic but also viscous. Despite viscoelasticity being a universal feature of living tissues, our knowledge of the influence of the extracellular matrix's viscoelasticity in cell behavior is limited. This mini-review describes some of the recent findings that have highlighted the role of the extracellular matrix's viscoelasticity in cell and tissue dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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Advanced in silico validation framework for three-dimensional traction force microscopy and application to an in vitro model of sprouting angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:326-338. [PMID: 33737201 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, cellular forces in three-dimensional hydrogels that mimic the extracellular matrix have been calculated by means of Traction Force Microscopy (TFM). However, characterizing the accuracy limits of a traction recovery method is critical to avoid obscuring physiological information due to traction recovery errors. So far, 3D TFM algorithms have only been validated using simplified cell geometries, bypassing image processing steps or arbitrarily simulating focal adhesions. Moreover, it is still uncertain which of the two common traction recovery methods, i.e., forward and inverse, is more robust against the inherent challenges of 3D TFM. In this work, we established an advanced in silico validation framework that is applicable to any 3D TFM experimental setup and that can be used to correctly couple the experimental and computational aspects of 3D TFM. Advancements relate to the simultaneous incorporation of complex cell geometries, simulation of microscopy images of varying bead densities and different focal adhesion sizes and distributions. By measuring the traction recovery error with respect to ground truth solutions, we found that while highest traction recovery errors occur for cases with sparse and small focal adhesions, our implementation of the inverse method improves two-fold the accuracy with respect to the forward method (average error of 23% vs. 50%). This advantage was further supported by recovering cellular tractions around angiogenic sprouts in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. The inverse method recovered higher traction peaks and a clearer pulling pattern at the sprout protrusion tips than the forward method. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterial performance is often studied by quantifying cell-matrix mechanical interactions by means of Traction Force Microscopy (TFM). However, 3D TFM algorithms are often validated in simplified scenarios, which do not allow to fully assess errors that could obscure physiological information. Here, we established an advanced in silico validation framework that mimics real TFM experimental conditions and that characterizes the expected errors of a 3D TFM workflow. We apply this framework to demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of a novel inverse traction recovery method that is illustrated in the context of an in vitro model of sprouting angiogenesis. Together, our study shows the importance of a proper traction recovery method to minimise errors and the need for an advanced framework to assess those errors.
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Shahab S, Kasra M, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A. Design and construction of a novel measurement device for mechanical characterization of hydrogels: A case study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247727. [PMID: 33630967 PMCID: PMC7906418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural biopolymer-based hydrogels especially agarose and collagen gels, considering their biocompatibility with cells and their capacity to mimic biological tissues, have widely been used for in-vitro experiments and tissue engineering applications in recent years; nevertheless their mechanical properties are not always optimal for these purposes. Regarding the importance of the mechanical properties of hydrogels, many mechanical characterization studies have been carried out for such biopolymers. In this work, we have focused on understanding the mechanical role of agarose and collagen concentration on the hydrogel strength and elastic behavior. In this direction, Amirkabir Magnetic Bead Rheometry (AMBR) characterization device equipped with an optimized electromagnet, was designed and constructed for the measurement of hydrogel mechanical properties. The operation of AMBR set-up is based on applying a magnetic field to actuate magnetic beads in contact with the gel surface in order to actuate the gel itself. In simple terms the magnetic beads leads give rise to mechanical shear stress on the gel surface when under magnetic influence and together with the associated bead-gel displacement it is possible to calculate the hydrogel shear modulus. Agarose and Collagen gels with respectively 0.2-0.6 wt % and 0.2-0.5 wt % percent concentrations were prepared for mechanical characterization in terms of their shear modulus. The shear modulus values for the different percent concentrations of the agarose gel were obtained in the range 250-650 Pa, indicating the shear modulus increases by increasing in the agar gel concentration. In addition to this, the values of shear modulus for the collagen gel increase as function of concentration in the range 240-520 Pa in accordance with an approximately linear relationship between collagen concentration and gel strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Shahab
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology-Tehran Polytechnic, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Kasra
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology-Tehran Polytechnic, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Institute of Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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