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Kodros JK, Carter E, Oke O, Wilson A, Jathar SH, Magzamen S. Cumulative Exposures to Environmental and Socioeconomic Risk Factors in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Geohealth 2024; 8:e2023GH000927. [PMID: 38711844 PMCID: PMC11072195 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The environmental justice literature demonstrates consistently that low-income and minority communities are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards. In this case study, we examined cumulative multipollutant, multidomain, and multimatrix environmental exposures in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin for the year 2015. We identified spatial hot spots in Milwaukee County both individually (using local Moran's I) and through clusters (using K-means clustering) across a profile of environmental pollutants that span regulatory domains and matrices of exposure, as well as socioeconomic indicators. The cluster with the highest exposures within the urban area was largely characterized by low socioeconomic status and an overrepresentation of the Non-Hispanic Black population relative to the county as a whole. In this cluster, average pollutant concentrations were equivalent to the 78th percentile in county-level blood lead levels, 67th percentile in county-level NO2, 79th percentile in county-level CO, and 78th percentile in county-level air toxics. Simultaneously, this cluster had an average equivalent to the 62nd percentile in county-level unemployment, 70th percentile in county-level population rate lacking a high school diploma, 73rd percentile in county-level poverty rate, and 28th percentile in county-level median household income. The spatial patterns of pollutant exposure and SES indicators suggested that these disparities were not random but were instead structured by socioeconomic and racial factors. Our case study, which combines environmental pollutant exposures, sociodemographic data, and clustering analysis, provides a roadmap to identify and target overburdened communities for interventions that reduce environmental exposures and consequently improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Kodros
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Now at Clarity MovementBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Ellison Carter
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Oluwatobi Oke
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Now at Building Energy and Environment DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMDUSA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of StatisticsColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Shantanu H. Jathar
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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2
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Sexton CE, Bitan G, Bowles KR, Brys M, Buée L, Maina MB, Clelland CD, Cohen AD, Crary JF, Dage JL, Diaz K, Frost B, Gan L, Goate AM, Golbe LI, Hansson O, Karch CM, Kolb HC, La Joie R, Lee SE, Matallana D, Miller BL, Onyike CU, Quiroz YT, Rexach JE, Rohrer JD, Rommel A, Sadri‐Vakili G, Schindler SE, Schneider JA, Sperling RA, Teunissen CE, Weninger SC, Worley SL, Zheng H, Carrillo MC. Novel avenues of tau research. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2240-2261. [PMID: 38170841 PMCID: PMC10984447 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pace of innovation has accelerated in virtually every area of tau research in just the past few years. METHODS In February 2022, leading international tau experts convened to share selected highlights of this work during Tau 2022, the second international tau conference co-organized and co-sponsored by the Alzheimer's Association, CurePSP, and the Rainwater Charitable Foundation. RESULTS Representing academia, industry, and the philanthropic sector, presenters joined more than 1700 registered attendees from 59 countries, spanning six continents, to share recent advances and exciting new directions in tau research. DISCUSSION The virtual meeting provided an opportunity to foster cross-sector collaboration and partnerships as well as a forum for updating colleagues on research-advancing tools and programs that are steadily moving the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of NeurologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineBrain Research InstituteMolecular Biology InstituteUniversity of California Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kathryn R. Bowles
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of EdinburghCentre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Luc Buée
- Univ LilleInsermCHU‐LilleLille Neuroscience and CognitionLabEx DISTALZPlace de VerdunLilleFrance
| | - Mahmoud Bukar Maina
- Sussex NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerUK
- Biomedical Science Research and Training CentreYobe State UniversityDamaturuNigeria
| | - Claire D. Clelland
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ann D. Cohen
- University of PittsburghSchool of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry and Alzheimer's disease Research CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John F. Crary
- Departments of PathologyNeuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human HealthIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jeffrey L. Dage
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Bess Frost
- Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research InstituteFeil Family Brain and Mind Research InstituteWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics & Genomic SciencesRonald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's diseaseIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Lawrence I. Golbe
- CurePSPIncNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Suzee E. Lee
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diana Matallana
- Aging InstituteNeuroscience ProgramPsychiatry DepartmentSchool of MedicinePontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáColombia
- Mental Health DepartmentHospital Universitario Fundaciòn Santa FeBogotaColombia
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chiadi U. Onyike
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and NeuropsychiatryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yakeel T. Quiroz
- Departments of Psychiatry and NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jessica E. Rexach
- Program in NeurogeneticsDepartment of NeurologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jonathan D. Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseDementia Research CentreUniversity College London Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondonUK
| | - Amy Rommel
- Rainwater Charitable FoundationFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Ghazaleh Sadri‐Vakili
- Sean M. Healey &AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Suzanne E. Schindler
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentBrigham and Women's HospitalMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryClinical Chemistry departmentAmsterdam NeuroscienceProgram NeurodegenerationAmsterdam University Medical CentersVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on AgingBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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Hebisch M, Klostermeier S, Wolf K, Boccaccini AR, Wolf SE, Tanzi RE, Kim DY. The Impact of the Cellular Environment and Aging on Modeling Alzheimer's Disease in 3D Cell Culture Models. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205037. [PMID: 36642841 PMCID: PMC10015857 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Creating a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that accurately recapitulates disease pathology has been a longstanding challenge. Recent studies showed that human AD neural cells, integrated into three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel matrix, display key features of AD neuropathology. Like in the human brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in determining the rate of neuropathogenesis in hydrogel-based 3D cellular models. Aging, the greatest risk factor for AD, significantly alters brain ECM properties. Therefore, it is important to understand how age-associated changes in ECM affect accumulation of pathogenic molecules, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in AD patients and in vitro models. In this review, mechanistic hypotheses is presented to address the impact of the ECM properties and their changes with aging on AD and AD-related dementias. Altered ECM characteristics in aged brains, including matrix stiffness, pore size, and composition, will contribute to disease pathogenesis by modulating the accumulation, propagation, and spreading of pathogenic molecules of AD. Emerging hydrogel-based disease models with differing ECM properties provide an exciting opportunity to study the impact of brain ECM aging on AD pathogenesis, providing novel mechanistic insights. Understanding the role of ECM aging in AD pathogenesis should also improve modeling AD in 3D hydrogel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hebisch
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
| | - Stefanie Klostermeier
- Institute of Medical PhysicsFriedrich‐Alexander Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und Medizin91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Katharina Wolf
- Department of Medicine 1Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of BiomaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Stephan E. Wolf
- Institute of Glass and CeramicsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
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Krause GJ, Diaz A, Jafari M, Khawaja RR, Agullo‐Pascual E, Santiago‐Fernández O, Richards AL, Chen K, Dmitriev P, Sun Y, See SK, Abdelmohsen K, Mazan‐Mamczarz K, Krogan NJ, Gorospe M, Swaney DL, Sidoli S, Bravo‐Cordero JJ, Kampmann M, Cuervo AM. Reduced endosomal microautophagy activity in aging associates with enhanced exocyst-mediated protein secretion. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13713. [PMID: 36116133 PMCID: PMC9577956 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for protein quality control and regulation of the functional proteome. Failure of autophagy pathways with age contributes to loss of proteostasis in aged organisms and accelerates the progression of age-related diseases. In this work, we show that activity of endosomal microautophagy (eMI), a selective type of autophagy occurring in late endosomes, declines with age and identify the sub-proteome affected by this loss of function. Proteomics of late endosomes from old mice revealed an aberrant glycation signature for Hsc70, the chaperone responsible for substrate targeting to eMI. Age-related Hsc70 glycation reduces its stability in late endosomes by favoring its organization into high molecular weight protein complexes and promoting its internalization/degradation inside late endosomes. Reduction of eMI with age associates with an increase in protein secretion, as late endosomes can release protein-loaded exosomes upon plasma membrane fusion. Our search for molecular mediators of the eMI/secretion switch identified the exocyst-RalA complex, known for its role in exocytosis, as a novel physiological eMI inhibitor that interacts with Hsc70 and acts directly at the late endosome membrane. This inhibitory function along with the higher exocyst-RalA complex levels detected in late endosomes from old mice could explain, at least in part, reduced eMI activity with age. Interaction of Hsc70 with components of the exocyst-RalA complex places this chaperone in the switch from eMI to secretion. Reduced intracellular degradation in favor of extracellular release of undegraded material with age may be relevant to the spreading of proteotoxicity associated with aging and progression of proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Krause
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Maryam Jafari
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Rabia R. Khawaja
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Esperanza Agullo‐Pascual
- Microscopy and Advanced Bioimaging Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Olaya Santiago‐Fernández
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Alicia L. Richards
- Department of Cellular Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- The J. David Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kuei‐Ho Chen
- Department of Cellular Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- The J. David Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Phillip Dmitriev
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of BiochemistryAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephanie K. See
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Krystyna Mazan‐Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Department of Cellular Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- The J. David Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Danielle L. Swaney
- Department of Cellular Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- The J. David Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of BiochemistryAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Jose Javier Bravo‐Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
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Monahan EK, McCrae JS, Daferede S. Pre-Pandemic Adversity Buffers the Role of Social Loneliness in Caregiver Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604675. [PMID: 36032277 PMCID: PMC9402889 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigates how family profiles of risk and resilience established prior to COVID-19 are associated with changes in caregiver depression and stress 1 year after the pandemic onset, and how these associations are moderated by experiences of social loneliness. Methods: A sample of 243 caregivers in four risk and resilience profiles interviewed pre-COVID-19 were interviewed virtually in December 2020–February 2021 (during pandemic). Multi-level models were used to examine changes in mental health. Results: All caregivers reported increases in extreme stress during the pandemic. Caregivers with less relative adversity pre-pandemic showed significantly greater depression and loneliness in the pandemic compared to caregivers with higher pre-pandemic adversity. Social loneliness was a moderator of the association between pre-pandemic adversity and mental health. Conclusion: The study suggests families with more pre-pandemic adversity demonstrate coping that buffers the negative impact of social loneliness on mental health, emphasizing the strengths of these families that are assets to build upon in crisis. Families with more relative advantage pre-pandemic likely need assistance to reduce feelings of stress and depression in the face of increased social loneliness.
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Siripuram VK, Sunkari YK, Nguyen TL, Flajolet M. DNA-Compatible Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Iodides With (Hetero)Aryl Boronic Acids for DNA-Encoded Libraries. Front Chem 2022; 10:894603. [PMID: 35774858 PMCID: PMC9237475 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.894603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for the C-C bond formation via water soluble Na2PdCl4/sSPhos mediated Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of DNA-conjugated aryl iodide with (het)aryl boronic acids has been developed. This reaction proceeds at 37°C in water and acetonitrile (4:1) system. We also demonstrated that numerous aromatic and heteroaromatic boronic acids of different electronic natures, and harboring various functional groups, were highly compatible providing the desired coupling products in good to excellent yields. This DNA-compatible Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction has strong potential to construct DNA-Encoded Libraries (DELs) in the context of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc Flajolet
- *Correspondence: Vijay Kumar Siripuram, ; Marc Flajolet,
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Tanimura A, Shen W, Wokosin D, Surmeier DJ. Pathway-Specific Remodeling of Thalamostriatal Synapses in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1164-1174. [PMID: 35485341 PMCID: PMC9232945 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The network pathophysiology underlying the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood. In models of late-stage PD, there is significant cell-specific remodeling of corticostriatal, axospinous glutamatergic synapses on principal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Neurons in the centrolateral nucleus (CLN) of the thalamus that relay cerebellar activity to the striatum also make axospinous synapses on SPNs, but the extent to which they are affected in PD has not been definitively characterized. OBJECTIVE To fill this gap, transgenic mice in which CLN neurons express Cre recombinase were used in conjunction with optogenetic and circuit mapping approaches to determine changes in the CLN projection to SPNs in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of late-stage PD. METHODS Adeno-associated virus vectors carrying Cre-dependent opsin expression constructs were stereotaxically injected into the CLN of Grp-KH288 mice in which CLN, but not parafascicular nucleus neurons, expressed Cre recombinase. The properties of this projection to identify direct pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs) and indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) were then studied in ex vivo brain slices of the dorsolateral striatum from control and 6-OHDA lesioned mice using anatomic, optogenetic, and electrophysiological approaches. RESULTS Optogenetically evoked excitatory synaptic currents in both iSPNs and dSPNs were reduced in lesioned mice; however, the reduction was significantly greater in dSPNs. In iSPNs, the reduction in evoked responses was attributable to synaptic pruning, because synaptic channelrhodopsin assisted circuit mapping (sCRACm) revealed fewer synapses per cell after lesioning. In contrast, sCRACm mapping of CLN inputs to dSPNs failed to detect any change in synapse abundance in lesioned mice. However, the ratio of currents through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors to those through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors was significantly reduced in dSPNs. Moreover, the distribution of currents evoked by optical stimulation of individual synapses shifted toward smaller amplitudes by lesioning, suggesting that they had undergone long-term depression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate that the CLN projection to the striatum undergoes a pathway-specific remodeling that could contribute to the circuit imbalance thought to drive the hypokinetic features of PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Tanimura
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Weixing Shen
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - David Wokosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - D. James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Cadenas GA, Cerezo A, Carlos Chavez FL, Capielo Rosario C, Torres L, Suro B, Fuentes M, Sanchez D. The citizenship shield: Mediated and moderated links between immigration status, discrimination, food insecurity, and negative health outcomes for latinx immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Community Psychol 2022:10.1002/jcop.22831. [PMID: 35243656 PMCID: PMC9088249 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A framework termed "the citizenship shield" is introduced to conceptualize how legal protections buffer against negative health outcomes among Latinx immigrants in the United States. In this study, we tested the citizenship shield framework in the context of the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latinx immigrants. We investigated the connection between immigration status, discrimination, food insecurity, and negative health outcomes. Analyses involved testing mediation and moderation models among a community-based sample of 536 Latinx immigrants holding five statuses (i.e., U.S. citizenship, permanent residency, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, undocumented, and temporary status). Results suggested that food insecurity mediated the link between discrimination and negative impacts from the pandemic for Latinx immigrants across all statuses. Follow up analyses suggested that two of the three paths were moderated by immigration status. This research provides novel, important data to inform health interventions and federal policy targeted for the most vulnerable immigrants in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Cerezo
- Gevirtz Graduate School of EducationUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Lucas Torres
- Department of PsychologyMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Beatriz Suro
- College of EducationLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Delida Sanchez
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
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Grills C, Carlos Chavez FL, Saw A, Walters KL, Burlew K, Randolph Cunningham SM, Rosario CC, Samoa R, Jackson‐Lowman H. Applying culturalist methodologies to discern COVID-19's impact on communities of color. J Community Psychol 2022:10.1002/jcop.22802. [PMID: 35102549 PMCID: PMC9015500 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted communities of color (CoC) amid increasing incidents of racial injustices and racism. In this article, we describe our culturalist methodologies for designing and implementing a multi-ethnic, interdisciplinary national needs assessment developed in partnership with CoC. Instead of a typical western-centric social science approach that typically ignores and perpetuates structural racism and settler colonialism, the research team implemented culturalist and community-partnered approaches that were further contextualized to the context of structural racism and settler colonialism. The culturalist approach yielded two sets of themes both related to the impact of the pandemic on CoC. The first set involved syndemic factors that contribute to the adverse impact of COVID-19. These include historical trauma; racism, racial stress, and discrimination; and cultural mistrust. The second set consisted of factors that potentially mitigate the impact of the COVID-19. These include cultural protective factors; community engagement; communal ethos, and data disaggregation. Our methodologies and the resulting findings encourage research praxis that uplifts the shared effects of the social determinants of health while honoring unique cultural and contextual experiences-a lesson that social science researchers largely have yet to learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Grills
- Department of Psychological ScienceLoyola Marymount UniversityLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Fiorella L. Carlos Chavez
- Edson College of Nursing and Health InnovationArizona State University – Downtown Phoenix CampusPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Anne Saw
- Department of PsychologyDe Paul UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Kathleen Burlew
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | | | - Cristalis Capielo Rosario
- Department of Counseling and Counseling and PsychologyArizona State University – TempeTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Raynald Samoa
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
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Qiang M, Ma P, Li Y, Liu H, Harding A, Min C, Wang F, Liu L, Yuan M, Ji Q, Tao P, Shi X, Li Z, Li T, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wu NC, Lee CD, Zhu X, Gilbert‐Jaramillo J, Zhang C, Saxena A, Huang X, Wang H, James W, Dwek RA, Wilson IA, Yang G, Lerner RA. Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Selected from a Human Antibody Library Constructed Decades Ago. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2102181. [PMID: 34716683 PMCID: PMC8646600 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial antibody libraries not only effectively reduce antibody discovery to a numbers game, but enable documentation of the history of antibody responses in an individual. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has prompted a wider application of this technology to meet the public health challenge of pandemic threats in the modern era. Herein, a combinatorial human antibody library constructed 20 years before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is used to discover three highly potent antibodies that selectively bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus. Compared to neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients with generally low somatic hypermutation (SHM), these three antibodies contain over 13-22 SHMs, many of which are involved in specific interactions in their crystal structures with SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain. The identification of these somatically mutated antibodies in a pre-pandemic library raises intriguing questions about the origin and evolution of these antibodies with respect to their reactivity with SARS-CoV-2.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Surface Display Techniques
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Peptide Library
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Vero Cells
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