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Salomonsson SE, Clelland CD. Building CRISPR Gene Therapies for the Central Nervous System: A Review. JAMA Neurol 2024; 81:283-290. [PMID: 38285472 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.4983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Importance Gene editing using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) holds the promise to arrest or cure monogenic disease if it can be determined which genetic change to create without inducing unintended cellular dysfunction and how to deliver this technology to the target organ reliably and safely. Clinical trials for blood and liver disorders, for which delivery of CRISPR is not limiting, show promise, yet no trials have begun for central nervous system (CNS) indications. Observations The CNS is arguably the most challenging target given its innate exclusion of large molecules and its defenses against bacterial invasion (from which CRISPR originates). Herein, the types of CRISPR editing (DNA cutting, base editing, and templated repair) and how these are applied to different genetic variants are summarized. The challenges of delivering genome editors to the CNS, including the viral and nonviral delivery vehicles that may ultimately circumvent these challenges, are discussed. Also, ways to minimize the potential in vivo genotoxic effects of genome editors through delivery vehicle design and preclinical off-target testing are considered. The ethical considerations of germline editing, a potential off-target outcome of any gene editing therapy, are explored. The unique regulatory challenges of a human-specific therapy that cannot be derisked solely in animal models are also discussed. Conclusions and Relevance An understanding of both the potential benefits and challenges of CRISPR gene therapy better informs the scientific, clinical, regulatory, and timeline considerations of developing CRISPR gene therapy for neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Salomonsson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Claire D Clelland
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
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2
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Sexton CE, Bitan G, Bowles KR, Brys M, Buée L, Maina MB, Clelland CD, Cohen AD, Crary JF, Dage JL, Diaz K, Frost B, Gan L, Goate AM, Golbe LI, Hansson O, Karch CM, Kolb HC, La Joie R, Lee SE, Matallana D, Miller BL, Onyike CU, Quiroz YT, Rexach JE, Rohrer JD, Rommel A, Sadri‐Vakili G, Schindler SE, Schneider JA, Sperling RA, Teunissen CE, Weninger SC, Worley SL, Zheng H, Carrillo MC. Novel avenues of tau research. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2240-2261. [PMID: 38170841 PMCID: PMC10984447 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pace of innovation has accelerated in virtually every area of tau research in just the past few years. METHODS In February 2022, leading international tau experts convened to share selected highlights of this work during Tau 2022, the second international tau conference co-organized and co-sponsored by the Alzheimer's Association, CurePSP, and the Rainwater Charitable Foundation. RESULTS Representing academia, industry, and the philanthropic sector, presenters joined more than 1700 registered attendees from 59 countries, spanning six continents, to share recent advances and exciting new directions in tau research. DISCUSSION The virtual meeting provided an opportunity to foster cross-sector collaboration and partnerships as well as a forum for updating colleagues on research-advancing tools and programs that are steadily moving the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of NeurologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineBrain Research InstituteMolecular Biology InstituteUniversity of California Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kathryn R. Bowles
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of EdinburghCentre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Luc Buée
- Univ LilleInsermCHU‐LilleLille Neuroscience and CognitionLabEx DISTALZPlace de VerdunLilleFrance
| | - Mahmoud Bukar Maina
- Sussex NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerUK
- Biomedical Science Research and Training CentreYobe State UniversityDamaturuNigeria
| | - Claire D. Clelland
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ann D. Cohen
- University of PittsburghSchool of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry and Alzheimer's disease Research CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John F. Crary
- Departments of PathologyNeuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human HealthIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jeffrey L. Dage
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Bess Frost
- Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research InstituteFeil Family Brain and Mind Research InstituteWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics & Genomic SciencesRonald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's diseaseIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Lawrence I. Golbe
- CurePSPIncNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Suzee E. Lee
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diana Matallana
- Aging InstituteNeuroscience ProgramPsychiatry DepartmentSchool of MedicinePontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáColombia
- Mental Health DepartmentHospital Universitario Fundaciòn Santa FeBogotaColombia
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chiadi U. Onyike
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and NeuropsychiatryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yakeel T. Quiroz
- Departments of Psychiatry and NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jessica E. Rexach
- Program in NeurogeneticsDepartment of NeurologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jonathan D. Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseDementia Research CentreUniversity College London Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondonUK
| | - Amy Rommel
- Rainwater Charitable FoundationFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Ghazaleh Sadri‐Vakili
- Sean M. Healey &AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Suzanne E. Schindler
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentBrigham and Women's HospitalMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryClinical Chemistry departmentAmsterdam NeuroscienceProgram NeurodegenerationAmsterdam University Medical CentersVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on AgingBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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3
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Salomonsson SE, Maltos AM, Gill K, Aladesuyi Arogundade O, Brown KA, Sachdev A, Sckaff M, Lam KJK, Fisher IJ, Chouhan RS, Van Laar VS, Marley CB, McLaughlin I, Bankiewicz KS, Tsai YC, Conklin BR, Clelland CD. Validated assays for the quantification of C9orf72 human pathology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:828. [PMID: 38191789 PMCID: PMC10774390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A repeat expansion mutation in the C9orf72 gene is the leading known genetic cause of FTD and ALS. The C9orf72-ALS/FTD field has been plagued by a lack of reliable tools to monitor this genomic locus and its RNA and protein products. We have validated assays that quantify C9orf72 pathobiology at the DNA, RNA and protein levels using knock-out human iPSC lines as controls. Here we show that single-molecule sequencing can accurately measure the repeat expansion and faithfully report on changes to the C9orf72 locus in what has been a traditionally hard to sequence genomic region. This is of particular value to sizing and phasing the repeat expansion and determining changes to the gene locus after gene editing. We developed ddPCR assays to quantify two major C9orf72 transcript variants, which we validated by selective excision of their distinct transcriptional start sites. Using validated knock-out human iPSC lines, we validated 4 commercially available antibodies (of 9 tested) that were specific for C9orf72 protein quantification by Western blot, but none were specific for immunocytochemistry. We tested 15 combinations of antibodies against dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) across 66 concentrations using MSD immunoassay, and found two (against poly-GA and poly-GP) that yielded a 1.5-fold or greater signal increase in patient iPSC-motor neurons compared to knock-out control, and validated them in human postmortem and transgenic mouse brain tissue. Our validated DNA, RNA and protein assays are applicable to discovery research as well as clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Salomonsson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A M Maltos
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Gill
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - O Aladesuyi Arogundade
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K A Brown
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Sachdev
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Sckaff
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K J K Lam
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - I J Fisher
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R S Chouhan
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - V S Van Laar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Gene Therapy Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C B Marley
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - K S Bankiewicz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Gene Therapy Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Y-C Tsai
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - B R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C D Clelland
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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4
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Yang X, Wen J, Yang H, Jones IR, Zhu X, Liu W, Li B, Clelland CD, Luo W, Wong MY, Ren X, Cui X, Song M, Liu H, Chen C, Eng N, Ravichandran M, Sun Y, Lee D, Van Buren E, Jiang MZ, Chan CSY, Ye CJ, Perera RM, Gan L, Li Y, Shen Y. Functional characterization of Alzheimer's disease genetic variants in microglia. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1735-1744. [PMID: 37735198 PMCID: PMC10939305 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in microglia demonstrate the most substantial enrichment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) heritability compared to other brain cell types. However, whether and how these genome-wide association studies (GWAS) variants contribute to AD remain elusive. Here we prioritize 308 previously unreported AD risk variants at 181 cCREs by integrating genetic information with microglia-specific 3D epigenome annotation. We further establish the link between functional variants and target genes by single-cell CRISPRi screening in microglia. In addition, we show that AD variants exhibit allelic imbalance on target gene expression. In particular, rs7922621 is the effective variant in controlling TSPAN14 expression among other nominated variants in the same cCRE and exerts multiple physiological effects including reduced cell surface ADAM10 and altered soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) shedding. Our work represents a systematic approach to prioritize and characterize AD-associated variants and provides a roadmap for advancing genetic association to experimentally validated cell-type-specific phenotypes and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Han Yang
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian R Jones
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Weifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bingkun Li
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claire D Clelland
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Man Ying Wong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Xingjie Ren
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiekui Cui
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Song
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hongjiang Liu
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cady Chen
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Eng
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Yang Sun
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Lee
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Van Buren
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min-Zhi Jiang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Candace S Y Chan
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Yin Shen
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Dräger NM, Sattler SM, Huang CTL, Teter OM, Leng K, Hashemi SH, Hong J, Aviles G, Clelland CD, Zhan L, Udeochu JC, Kodama L, Singleton AB, Nalls MA, Ichida J, Ward ME, Faghri F, Gan L, Kampmann M. A CRISPRi/a platform in human iPSC-derived microglia uncovers regulators of disease states. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1149-1162. [PMID: 35953545 PMCID: PMC9448678 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are emerging as key drivers of neurological diseases. However, we lack a systematic understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we present a screening platform to systematically elucidate functional consequences of genetic perturbations in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia. We developed an efficient 8-day protocol for the generation of microglia-like cells based on the inducible expression of six transcription factors. We established inducible CRISPR interference and activation in this system and conducted three screens targeting the ‘druggable genome’. These screens uncovered genes controlling microglia survival, activation and phagocytosis, including neurodegeneration-associated genes. A screen with single-cell RNA sequencing as the readout revealed that these microglia adopt a spectrum of states mirroring those observed in human brains and identified regulators of these states. A disease-associated state characterized by osteopontin (SPP1) expression was selectively depleted by colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1R) inhibition. Thus, our platform can systematically uncover regulators of microglial states, enabling their functional characterization and therapeutic targeting. Dräger et al. establish a rapid, scalable platform for iPSC-derived microglia. CRISPRi/a screens uncover roles of disease-associated genes in phagocytosis, and regulators of disease-relevant microglial states that can be targeted pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Dräger
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sydney M Sattler
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Olivia M Teter
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sayed Hadi Hashemi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jason Hong
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Aviles
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claire D Clelland
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lihong Zhan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joe C Udeochu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lay Kodama
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Data Tecnica International, LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Justin Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Faraz Faghri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Data Tecnica International, LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Chun C, Smith AST, Kim H, Kamenz DS, Lee JH, Lee JB, Mack DL, Bothwell M, Clelland CD, Kim DH. Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles enhance the survival and electrophysiological function of human cortical neurons in vitro. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120700. [PMID: 33631652 PMCID: PMC8044026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are powerful tools for modeling neural pathophysiology and preclinical efficacy/toxicity screening of novel therapeutic compounds. However, human neurons cultured in vitro typically do not fully recapitulate the physiology of the human nervous system, especially in terms of exhibiting morphological maturation, longevity, and electrochemical signaling ability comparable to that of adult human neurons. In this study, we investigated the potential for astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to modulate survival and electrophysiological function of human neurons in vitro. Specifically, we demonstrate that EVs obtained from human astrocytes promote enhanced single cell electrophysiological function and anti-apoptotic behavior in a homogeneous population of human iPSC-derived cortical neurons. Furthermore, EV-proteomic analysis was performed to identify cargo proteins with the potential to promote the physiological enhancement observed. EV cargos were found to include neuroprotective proteins such as heat shock proteins, alpha-synuclein, and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), as well as apolipoprotein E (APOE), which negatively regulates neuronal apoptosis, and a peroxidasin homolog that supports neuronal oxidative stress management. Proteins that positively regulate neuronal excitability and synaptic development were also detected, such as potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12 (KCTD12), glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B), spectrin-alpha non-erythrocytic1 (SPTAN1). The remarkable improvements in electrophysiological function and evident inhibition of apoptotic signaling in cultured neurons exposed to these cargos may hold significance for improving preclinical in vitro screening modalities. In addition, our collected data highlight the potential for EV-based therapeutics as a potential class of future clinical treatment for tackling inveterate central and peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Chun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alec S T Smith
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dana S Kamenz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Division of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mark Bothwell
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Claire D Clelland
- Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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7
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Kodama L, Guzman E, Etchegaray JI, Li Y, Sayed FA, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Zhan L, Le D, Udeochu JC, Clelland CD, Cheng Z, Yu G, Li Q, Kosik KS, Gan L. Microglial microRNAs mediate sex-specific responses to tau pathology. Nat Neurosci 2019; 23:167-171. [PMID: 31873194 PMCID: PMC7394069 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex is a key modifier of neurological disease outcomes. Microglia are implicated in neurological diseases and modulated by miRNAs, but it is unknown whether microglial miRNAs have sex-specific influences on disease. We show that microglial miRNA expression differs in males and females and that loss of miRNAs leads to sex-specific changes in the microglial transcriptome and tau pathology. These findings suggest microglial miRNAs influence tau pathogenesis in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Kodama
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jon I Etchegaray
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Faten A Sayed
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yungui Zhou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lihong Zhan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Le
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joe C Udeochu
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, USA
| | - Claire D Clelland
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zuolin Cheng
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, USA.
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Choi ML, Begeti F, Oh JH, Lee SY, O'Keeffe GC, Clelland CD, Tyers P, Cho ZH, Kim YB, Barker RA. Dopaminergic manipulations and its effects on neurogenesis and motor function in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 66:19-27. [PMID: 24561069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that is classically defined by a triad of movement and cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities with a well-established pathology that affects the dopaminergic systems of the brain. This has classically been described in terms of an early loss of dopamine D2 receptors (D2R), although interestingly the treatments most effectively used to treat patients with HD block these same receptors. We therefore sought to examine the dopaminergic system in HD not only in terms of striatal function but also at extrastriatal sites especially the hippocampus, given that transgenic (Tg) mice also exhibit deficits in hippocampal-dependent cognitive tests and a reduction in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We showed that there was an early reduction of D2R in both the striatum and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus in the R6/1 transgenic HD mouse ahead of any overt motor signs and before striatal neuronal loss. Despite downregulation of D2Rs in these sites, further reduction of the dopaminergic input to these sites by either medial forebrain bundle lesions or receptor blockade using sulpiride was able to improve both deficits in motor performance and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In contrast, a reduction in dopaminergic innervation of the neurogenic niches resulted in impaired neurogenesis in healthy WT mice. This study therefore provides evidence that D2R blockade improves hippocampal and striatal deficits in HD mice although the underlying mechanism for this is unclear, and suggests that agents working within this network may have greater effects than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Choi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - F Begeti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - J H Oh
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - G C O'Keeffe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - C D Clelland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - P Tyers
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Z H Cho
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Y B Kim
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - R A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; Department of Neurology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Several centers have reported efficacious cluster headache suppression with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the hypothalamic region using a variety of targets. While the connectivity of some of these targets has individually been studied, commonalities across these targets, especially with respect to network-level connectivity, have not previously been explored. METHODS We examined the anatomic connectivity of the four distinct DBS targets reported in the literature using probabilistic diffusion tensor tractography in normal subjects. RESULTS Despite being described as hypothalamic, the DBS targets localized in the midbrain tegmentum posterior to the hypothalamus. Common tracts across DBS targets and subjects included projections to the ipsilateral hypothalamus, reticular formation, and cerebellum. DISCUSSION Although DBS target coordinates are not located within the hypothalamus, a strong connection between DBS targets and the hypothalamus likely exists. Moreover, a common projection to the medial ipsilateral cerebellum was identified. Understanding the common connectivity of DBS-targeted regions may elucidate anatomic pathways that are involved in modulating cluster headache attacks and facilitate more precise patient-specific targeting of DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire D Clelland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Clelland CD, Choi M, Romberg C, Clemenson GD, Fragniere A, Tyers P, Jessberger S, Saksida LM, Barker RA, Gage FH, Bussey TJ. A functional role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in spatial pattern separation. Science 2009; 325:210-3. [PMID: 19590004 PMCID: PMC2997634 DOI: 10.1126/science.1173215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1178] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the mammalian hippocampus is hypothesized to mediate pattern separation-the formation of distinct and orthogonal representations of mnemonic information-and also undergoes neurogenesis throughout life. How neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal function is largely unknown. Using adult mice in which hippocampal neurogenesis was ablated, we found specific impairments in spatial discrimination with two behavioral assays: (i) a spatial navigation radial arm maze task and (ii) a spatial, but non-navigable, task in the mouse touch screen. Mice with ablated neurogenesis were impaired when stimuli were presented with little spatial separation, but not when stimuli were more widely separated in space. Thus, newborn neurons may be necessary for normal pattern separation function in the DG of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Clelland
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Abstract
Huntington disease (HD), caused by polyglutamate expansions in the huntingtin protein, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in cognitive and motor impairments and death. Neuronal dysfunction and degeneration contribute to progressive physiological, motor, cognitive, and emotional disturbances characteristic of HD. A major impetus for research into the treatment of HD has centered on cell therapy strategies to protect vulnerable neuronal cell populations or to replace dysfunctional or dying cells. The work underlying 3 approaches to HD cell therapy includes the potential for self-repair through the manipulation of endogenous stem cells and/or neurogenesis, the use of fetal or stem cell transplantation as a cell replacement strategy, and the administration of neurotrophic factors to protect susceptible neuronal populations. These approaches have shown some promising results in animal models of HD. Although striatal transplantation of fetal-derived cells has undergone clinical assessment since the 1990s, many cell therapy strategies have yet to be applied in the clinic environment. A more thorough understanding of the pathophysiologies underlying HD as well as the response of both endogenous and exogenous cells to the degenerating brain will inform their merit as potential therapeutic agents and enhance the framework by which the success of such strategies are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire D Clelland
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2PY, United Kingdom
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