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Ishii S, Oyama K, Kobirumaki-Shimozawa F, Nakanishi T, Nakahara N, Suzuki M, Ishiwata S, Fukuda N. Myosin and tropomyosin-troponin complementarily regulate thermal activation of muscles. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313414. [PMID: 37870863 PMCID: PMC10591409 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction of striated muscles is initiated by an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, which is regulated by tropomyosin and troponin acting on actin filaments at the sarcomere level. Namely, Ca2+-binding to troponin C shifts the "on-off" equilibrium of the thin filament state toward the "on" state, promoting actomyosin interaction; likewise, an increase in temperature to within the body temperature range shifts the equilibrium to the on state, even in the absence of Ca2+. Here, we investigated the temperature dependence of sarcomere shortening along isolated fast skeletal myofibrils using optical heating microscopy. Rapid heating (25 to 41.5°C) within 2 s induced reversible sarcomere shortening in relaxing solution. Further, we investigated the temperature-dependence of the sliding velocity of reconstituted fast skeletal or cardiac thin filaments on fast skeletal or β-cardiac myosin in an in vitro motility assay within the body temperature range. We found that (a) with fast skeletal thin filaments on fast skeletal myosin, the temperature dependence was comparable to that obtained for sarcomere shortening in fast skeletal myofibrils (Q10 ∼8), (b) both types of thin filaments started to slide at lower temperatures on fast skeletal myosin than on β-cardiac myosin, and (c) cardiac thin filaments slid at lower temperatures compared with fast skeletal thin filaments on either type of myosin. Therefore, the mammalian striated muscle may be fine-tuned to contract efficiently via complementary regulation of myosin and tropomyosin-troponin within the body temperature range, depending on the physiological demands of various circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Ishii
- Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oyama
- Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Nakanishi
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Suzuki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin’ichi Ishiwata
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Fukuda
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ishii S, Suzuki M, Ishiwata S, Kawai M. Functional significance of HCM mutants of tropomyosin, V95A and D175N, studied with in vitro motility assays. Biophys Physicobiol 2019; 16:28-40. [PMID: 30923661 PMCID: PMC6435021 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.16.0_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is caused by mutations in sarcomere proteins. We examined tropomyosin (Tpm)’s HCM mutants in humans, V95A and D175N, with in vitro motility assay using optical tweezers to evaluate the effects of the Tpm mutations on the actomyosin interaction at the single molecular level. Thin filaments were reconstituted using these Tpm mutants, and their sliding velocity and force were measured at varying Ca2+ concentrations. Our results indicate that the sliding velocity at pCa ≥8.0 was significantly increased in mutants, which is expected to cause a diastolic problem. The velocity that can be activated by Ca2+ decreased significantly in mutants causing a systolic problem. With sliding force, Ca2+ activatable force decreased in V95A and increased in D175N, which may cause a systolic problem. Our results further demonstrate that the duty ratio determined at the steady state of force generation in saturating [Ca2+] decreased in V95A and increased in D175N. The Ca2+ sensitivity and cooperativity were not significantly affected by the mutations. These results suggest that the two mutants modulate molecular processes of the actomyosin interaction differently, but to result in the same pathology known as HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Ishii
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Madoka Suzuki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Ishiwata
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masataka Kawai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Borja da Rocha H, Truskinovsky L. Functionality of Disorder in Muscle Mechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:088103. [PMID: 30932585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.088103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A salient feature of skeletal muscles is their ability to take up an applied slack in a microsecond timescale. Behind this fast adaptation is a collective folding in a bundle of elastically interacting bistable elements. Since this interaction has a long-range character, the behavior of the system in force and length controlled ensembles is different; in particular, it can have two distinct order-disorder-type critical points. We show that the account of the disregistry between myosin and actin filaments places the elementary force-producing units of skeletal muscles close to both such critical points. The ensuing "double criticality" contributes to the system's ability to perform robustly and suggests that the disregistry is functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson Borja da Rocha
- LMS, CNRS-UMR 7649, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- PMMH, CNRS-UMR 7636 PSL-ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lev Truskinovsky
- PMMH, CNRS-UMR 7636 PSL-ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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Pertici I, Bongini L, Melli L, Bianchi G, Salvi L, Falorsi G, Squarci C, Bozó T, Cojoc D, Kellermayer MSZ, Lombardi V, Bianco P. A myosin II nanomachine mimicking the striated muscle. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3532. [PMID: 30166542 PMCID: PMC6117265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The contraction of striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac muscle) is generated by ATP-dependent interactions between the molecular motor myosin II and the actin filament. The myosin motors are mechanically coupled along the thick filament in a geometry not achievable by single-molecule experiments. Here we show that a synthetic one-dimensional nanomachine, comprising fewer than ten myosin II dimers purified from rabbit psoas, performs isometric and isotonic contractions at 2 mM ATP, delivering a maximum power of 5 aW. The results are explained with a kinetic model fitted to the performance of mammalian skeletal muscle, showing that the condition for the motor coordination that maximises the efficiency in striated muscle is a minimum of 32 myosin heads sharing a common mechanical ground. The nanomachine offers a powerful tool for investigating muscle contractile-protein physiology, pathology and pharmacology without the potentially disturbing effects of the cytoskeletal-and regulatory-protein environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pertici
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | | | - Luca Melli
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, 50019, Italy
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, 4053, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Bianchi
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Luca Salvi
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, 50019, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Giulia Falorsi
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | | | - Tamás Bozó
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | | | - Miklós S Z Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
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Ishii S, Kawai M, Ishiwata S, Suzuki M. Estimation of actomyosin active force maintained by tropomyosin and troponin complex under vertical forces in the in vitro motility assay system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192558. [PMID: 29420610 PMCID: PMC5805308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between actin filaments and myosin molecular motors is a power source of a variety of cellular functions including cell division, cell motility, and muscular contraction. In vitro motility assay examines actin filaments interacting with myosin molecules that are adhered to a substrate (e.g., glass surface). This assay has been the standard method of studying the molecular mechanisms of contraction under an optical microscope. While the force generation has been measured through an optically trapped bead to which an actin filament is attached, a force vector vertical to the glass surface has been largely ignored with the in vitro motility assay. The vertical vector is created by the gap (distance) between the trapped bead and the glass surface. In this report, we propose a method to estimate the angle between the actin filament and the glass surface by optically determining the gap size. This determination requires a motorized stage in a standard epi-fluorescence microscope equipped with optical tweezers. This facile method is applied to force measurements using both pure actin filaments, and thin filaments reconstituted from actin, tropomyosin and troponin. We find that the angle-corrected force per unit filament length in the active condition (pCa = 5.0) decreases as the angle between the filament and the glass surface increases; i.e. as the force in the vertical direction increases. At the same time, we demonstrate that the force on reconstituted thin filaments is approximately 1.5 times larger than that on pure actin filaments. The range of angles we tested was between 11° and 36° with the estimated measurement error less than 6°. These results suggest the ability of cytoplasmic tropomyosin isoforms maintaining actomyosin active force to stabilize cytoskeletal architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Ishii
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Kawai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Shin'ichi Ishiwata
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Suzuki
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Elting MW, Spudich JA. Future challenges in single-molecule fluorescence and laser trap approaches to studies of molecular motors. Dev Cell 2013; 23:1084-91. [PMID: 23237942 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule analysis is a powerful modern form of biochemistry, in which individual kinetic steps of a catalytic cycle of an enzyme can be explored in exquisite detail. Both single-molecule fluorescence and single-molecule force techniques have been widely used to characterize a number of protein systems. We focus here on molecular motors as a paradigm. We describe two areas where we expect to see exciting developments in the near future: first, characterizing the coupling of force production to chemical and mechanical changes in motors, and second, understanding how multiple motors work together in the environment of the cell.
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Sato MK, Ishihara T, Tanaka H, Ishijima A, Inoue Y. Velocity-dependent actomyosin ATPase cycle revealed by in vitro motility assay with kinetic analysis. Biophys J 2013; 103:711-8. [PMID: 22947932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The actomyosin interaction plays a key role in a number of cellular functions. Single-molecule measurement techniques have been developed to study the mechanism of the actomyosin contractile system. However, the behavior of isolated single molecules does not always reflect that of molecules in a complex system such as a muscle fiber. Here, we developed a simple method for studying the kinetic parameters of the actomyosin interaction using small numbers of molecules. This approach does not require the specialized equipment needed for single-molecule measurements, and permits us to observe behavior that is more similar to that of a complex system. Using an in vitro motility assay, we examined the duration of continuous sliding of actin filaments on a sparsely distributed heavy meromyosin-coated surface. To estimate the association rate constant of the actomyosin motile system, we compared the distribution of experimentally obtained duration times with a computationally simulated distribution. We found that the association rate constant depends on the sliding velocity of the actin filaments. This technique may be used to reveal new aspects of the kinetics of various motor proteins in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki K Sato
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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