1
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Camp D, Venkatesh B, Solianova V, Varela L, Goult BT, Tanentzapf G. The actin binding sites of talin have both distinct and complementary roles in cell-ECM adhesion. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011224. [PMID: 38662776 PMCID: PMC11075885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion requires linkage of transmembrane receptors to the cytoskeleton through intermediary linker proteins. Integrin-based adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) involves large adhesion complexes that contain multiple cytoskeletal adapters that connect to the actin cytoskeleton. Many of these adapters, including the essential cytoskeletal linker Talin, have been shown to contain multiple actin-binding sites (ABSs) within a single protein. To investigate the possible role of having such a variety of ways of linking integrins to the cytoskeleton, we generated mutations in multiple actin binding sites in Drosophila talin. Using this approach, we have been able to show that different actin-binding sites in talin have both unique and complementary roles in integrin-mediated adhesion. Specifically, mutations in either the C-terminal ABS3 or the centrally located ABS2 result in lethality showing that they have unique and non-redundant function in some contexts. On the other hand, flies simultaneously expressing both the ABS2 and ABS3 mutants exhibit a milder phenotype than either mutant by itself, suggesting overlap in function in other contexts. Detailed phenotypic analysis of ABS mutants elucidated the unique roles of the talin ABSs during embryonic development as well as provided support for the hypothesis that talin acts as a dimer in in vivo contexts. Overall, our work highlights how the ability of adhesion complexes to link to the cytoskeleton in multiple ways provides redundancy, and consequently robustness, but also allows a capacity for functional specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Camp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bhavya Venkatesh
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Veronika Solianova
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lorena Varela
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Wang Z, Chen X, Chen N, Yan H, Wu K, Li J, Ru Q, Deng R, Liu X, Kang R. Mechanical Factors Regulate Annulus Fibrosus (AF) Injury Repair and Remodeling: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:219-233. [PMID: 38149967 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain is a common chronic disease that can severely affect the patient's work and daily life. The breakdown of spinal mechanical homeostasis caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a leading cause of low back pain. Annulus fibrosus (AF), as the outer layer structure of the IVD, is often the first affected part. AF injury caused by consistent stress overload will further accelerate IVD degeneration. Therefore, regulating AF injury repair and remodeling should be the primary goal of the IVD repair strategy. Mechanical stimulation has been shown to promote AF regeneration and repair, but most studies only focus on the effect of single stress on AF, and lack realistic models and methods that can mimic the actual mechanical environment of AF. In this article, we review the effects of different types of stress stimulation on AF injury repair and remodeling, suggest possible beneficial load combinations, and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. It will provide the theoretical basis for designing better tissue engineering therapy using mechanical factors to regulate AF injury repair and remodeling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Jitao Li
- School of Physics and Telecommunications Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province 466001, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Ru
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Ran Kang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
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3
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The interface between biochemical signaling and cell mechanics shapes T lymphocyte migration and activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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4
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Henning Stumpf B, Ambriović-Ristov A, Radenovic A, Smith AS. Recent Advances and Prospects in the Research of Nascent Adhesions. Front Physiol 2020; 11:574371. [PMID: 33343382 PMCID: PMC7746844 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.574371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nascent adhesions are submicron transient structures promoting the early adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix. Nascent adhesions typically consist of several tens of integrins, and serve as platforms for the recruitment and activation of proteins to build mature focal adhesions. They are also associated with early stage signaling and the mechanoresponse. Despite their crucial role in sampling the local extracellular matrix, very little is known about the mechanism of their formation. Consequently, there is a strong scientific activity focused on elucidating the physical and biochemical foundation of their development and function. Precisely the results of this effort will be summarized in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Henning Stumpf
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Changede R, Cai H, Wind SJ, Sheetz MP. Integrin nanoclusters can bridge thin matrix fibres to form cell-matrix adhesions. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:1366-1375. [PMID: 31477904 PMCID: PMC7455205 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions are key to sensing the geometry and rigidity of extracellular environments and influence vital cellular processes. In vivo, the extracellular matrix is composed of fibrous arrays. To understand the fibre geometries that are required for adhesion formation, we patterned nanolines of various line widths and arrangements in single, crossing or paired arrays with the integrin-binding peptide Arg-Gly-Asp. Single thin lines (width ≤30 nm) did not support cell spreading or formation of focal adhesions, despite the presence of a high density of Arg-Gly-Asp, but wide lines (>40 nm) did. Using super-resolution microscopy, we observed stable, dense integrin clusters formed on parallel (within 110 nm) or crossing thin lines (mimicking a matrix mesh) similar to those on continuous substrates. These dense clusters bridged the line pairs by recruiting activated but unliganded integrins, as verified by integrin mutants unable to bind ligands that coclustered with ligand-bound integrins when present in an active extended conformation. Thus, in a fibrous extracellular matrix mesh, stable integrin nanoclusters bridge between thin (≤30 nm) matrix fibres and bring about downstream consequences of cell motility and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Changede
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Haogang Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Shalom J Wind
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Molecular Mechanomedicine Program, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Kelly GT, Faraj R, Zhang Y, Maltepe E, Fineman JR, Black SM, Wang T. Pulmonary Endothelial Mechanical Sensing and Signaling, a Story of Focal Adhesions and Integrins in Ventilator Induced Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:511. [PMID: 31105595 PMCID: PMC6498899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with critical illness such as acute lung injury often undergo mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Though lifesaving in many instances, mechanical ventilation often results in ventilator induced lung injury (VILI), characterized by overdistension of lung tissue leading to release of edemagenic agents, which further damage the lung and contribute to the mortality and progression of pulmonary inflammation. The endothelium is particularly sensitive, as VILI associated mechanical stress results in endothelial cytoskeletal rearrangement, stress fiber formation, and integrity loss. At the heart of these changes are integrin tethered focal adhesions (FAs) which participate in mechanosensing, structure, and signaling. Here, we present the known roles of FA proteins including c-Src, talin, FAK, paxillin, vinculin, and integrins in the sensing and response to cyclic stretch and VILI associated stress. Attention is given to how stretch is propagated from the extracellular matrix through integrins to talin and other FA proteins, as well as signaling cascades that include FA proteins, leading to stress fiber formation and other cellular responses. This unifying picture of FAs aids our understanding in an effort to prevent and treat VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Reem Faraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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8
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Jahed Z, Haydari Z, Rathish A, Mofrad MRK. Kindlin Is Mechanosensitive: Force-Induced Conformational Switch Mediates Cross-Talk among Integrins. Biophys J 2019; 116:1011-1024. [PMID: 30819565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stresses directly regulate the function of several proteins of the integrin-mediated focal adhesion complex as they experience intra- and extracellular forces. Kindlin is a largely overlooked member of the focal adhesion complex whose roles in cellular mechanotransduction are only recently being identified. Recent crystallographic experiments have revealed that kindlins can form dimers that bind simultaneously to two integrins, providing a mechanistic explanation of how kindlins may promote integrin activation and clustering. In this study, using the newly identified molecular structure, we modeled the response of the kindlin2 dimer in complex with integrin β1 to mechanical cytoskeletal forces on integrins. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that forces on integrins are directly transmitted to the kindlin2 dimerization site, resulting in a shift in an R577-S550/E553 interaction network at this site. Under force, R577 on one protomer switches from interacting with S550 to forming new hydrogen bonds with E553 on the neighboring protomer, resulting in the strengthening of the kindlin2 dimer in complex with integrin β1. This force-induced strengthening is similar to the catch-bond mechanisms that have previously been observed in other adhesion molecules. Based on our results, we propose that the kindlin2 dimer is mechanosensitive and can strengthen integrin-mediated focal adhesions under force by shifting the interactions at its dimerization sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jahed
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Zainab Haydari
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Akshay Rathish
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California; Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.
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9
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Martino F, Perestrelo AR, Vinarský V, Pagliari S, Forte G. Cellular Mechanotransduction: From Tension to Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:824. [PMID: 30026699 PMCID: PMC6041413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli arising from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) or from neighboring cells. The intracellular molecular processes through which such physical cues are transformed into a biological response are collectively dubbed as mechanotransduction and are of fundamental importance to help the cell timely adapt to the continuous dynamic modifications of the microenvironment. Local changes in ECM composition and mechanics are driven by a feed forward interplay between the cell and the matrix itself, with the first depositing ECM proteins that in turn will impact on the surrounding cells. As such, these changes occur regularly during tissue development and are a hallmark of the pathologies of aging. Only lately, though, the importance of mechanical cues in controlling cell function (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, migration) has been acknowledged. Here we provide a critical review of the recent insights into the molecular basis of cellular mechanotransduction, by analyzing how mechanical stimuli get transformed into a given biological response through the activation of a peculiar genetic program. Specifically, by recapitulating the processes involved in the interpretation of ECM remodeling by Focal Adhesions at cell-matrix interphase, we revise the role of cytoskeleton tension as the second messenger of the mechanotransduction process and the action of mechano-responsive shuttling proteins converging on stage and cell-specific transcription factors. Finally, we give few paradigmatic examples highlighting the emerging role of malfunctions in cell mechanosensing apparatus in the onset and progression of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Martino
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ana R. Perestrelo
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Vinarský
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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10
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Mykuliak VV, Haining AWM, von Essen M, del Río Hernández A, Hytönen VP. Mechanical unfolding reveals stable 3-helix intermediates in talin and α-catenin. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006126. [PMID: 29698481 PMCID: PMC5940241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stability is a key feature in the regulation of structural scaffolding proteins and their functions. Despite the abundance of α-helical structures among the human proteome and their undisputed importance in health and disease, the fundamental principles of their behavior under mechanical load are poorly understood. Talin and α-catenin are two key molecules in focal adhesions and adherens junctions, respectively. In this study, we used a combination of atomistic steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations, polyprotein engineering, and single-molecule atomic force microscopy (smAFM) to investigate unfolding of these proteins. SMD simulations revealed that talin rod α-helix bundles as well as α-catenin α-helix domains unfold through stable 3-helix intermediates. While the 5-helix bundles were found to be mechanically stable, a second stable conformation corresponding to the 3-helix state was revealed. Mechanically weaker 4-helix bundles easily unfolded into a stable 3-helix conformation. The results of smAFM experiments were in agreement with the findings of the computational simulations. The disulfide clamp mutants, designed to protect the stable state, support the 3-helix intermediate model in both experimental and computational setups. As a result, multiple discrete unfolding intermediate states in the talin and α-catenin unfolding pathway were discovered. Better understanding of the mechanical unfolding mechanism of α-helix proteins is a key step towards comprehensive models describing the mechanoregulation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl V. Mykuliak
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexander William M. Haining
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magdaléna von Essen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Armando del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AdRH); (VPH)
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail: (AdRH); (VPH)
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11
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Conformational states during vinculin unlocking differentially regulate focal adhesion properties. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2693. [PMID: 29426917 PMCID: PMC5807537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are multi-protein complexes that connect the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, via integrin receptors. The growth, stability and adhesive functionality of these structures are tightly regulated by mechanical stress, yet, despite the extensive characterization of the integrin adhesome, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying FA mechanosensitivity are still unclear. Besides talin, another key candidate for regulating FA-associated mechanosensing, is vinculin, a prominent FA component, which possesses either closed (“auto-inhibited”) or open (“active”) conformation. A direct experimental demonstration, however, of the conformational transition between the two states is still absent. In this study, we combined multiple structural and biological approaches to probe the transition from the auto-inhibited to the active conformation, and determine its effects on FA structure and dynamics. We further show that the transition from a closed to an open conformation requires two sequential steps that can differentially regulate FA growth and stability.
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12
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Abstract
Biomechanical and biochemical cues within a tissue collaborate across length scales to direct cell fate during development and are critical for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Loss of tensional homeostasis in a tissue not only accompanies malignancy but may also contribute to oncogenic transformation. High mechanical stress in solid tumors can impede drug delivery and may additionally drive tumor progression and promote metastasis. Mechanistically, biomechanical forces can drive tumor aggression by inducing a mesenchymal-like switch in transformed cells so that they attain tumor-initiating or stem-like cell properties. Given that cancer stem cells have been linked to metastasis and treatment resistance, this raises the intriguing possibility that the elevated tissue mechanics in tumors could promote their aggression by programming their phenotype toward that exhibited by a stem-like cell.Significance: Recent findings argue that mechanical stress and elevated mechanosignaling foster malignant transformation and metastasis. Prolonged corruption of tissue tension may drive tumor aggression by altering cell fate specification. Thus, strategies that could reduce tumor mechanics might comprise effective approaches to prevent the emergence of treatment-resilient metastatic cancers. Cancer Discov; 7(11); 1224-37. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Northey
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Laralynne Przybyla
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California.
- Departments of Anatomy, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, and Radiation Oncology, and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research and The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California
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13
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Northey JJ, Przybyla L, Weaver VM. Tissue Force Programs Cell Fate and Tumor Aggression. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1224-1237. [PMID: 29038232 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical and biochemical cues within a tissue collaborate across length scales to direct cell fate during development and are critical for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Loss of tensional homeostasis in a tissue not only accompanies malignancy but may also contribute to oncogenic transformation. High mechanical stress in solid tumors can impede drug delivery and may additionally drive tumor progression and promote metastasis. Mechanistically, biomechanical forces can drive tumor aggression by inducing a mesenchymal-like switch in transformed cells so that they attain tumor-initiating or stem-like cell properties. Given that cancer stem cells have been linked to metastasis and treatment resistance, this raises the intriguing possibility that the elevated tissue mechanics in tumors could promote their aggression by programming their phenotype toward that exhibited by a stem-like cell.Significance: Recent findings argue that mechanical stress and elevated mechanosignaling foster malignant transformation and metastasis. Prolonged corruption of tissue tension may drive tumor aggression by altering cell fate specification. Thus, strategies that could reduce tumor mechanics might comprise effective approaches to prevent the emergence of treatment-resilient metastatic cancers. Cancer Discov; 7(11); 1224-37. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Northey
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Laralynne Przybyla
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California. .,Departments of Anatomy, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, and Radiation Oncology, and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research and The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California
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14
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Garakani K, Shams H, Mofrad MRK. Mechanosensitive Conformation of Vinculin Regulates Its Binding to MAPK1. Biophys J 2017; 112:1885-1893. [PMID: 28494959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix stiffness sensing by living cells is known to play a major role in a variety of cell mechanobiological processes, such as migration and differentiation. Various membrane and cytoplasmic proteins are involved in transmitting and transducing environmental signals to biochemical cascades. Protein kinases play a key role in regulating the activity of focal adhesion proteins. Recently, an interaction between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK1) and vinculin was experimentally shown to mediate this process. Here, we adopt a molecular modeling approach to further investigate this interaction and its possible regulatory effects. Using a combination of data-driven flexible docking and molecular dynamics simulations guided by previous experimental studies, we predict the structure of the MAPK1-vinculin complex. Furthermore, by comparing the association of MAPK1 with open versus closed vinculin, we demonstrate that MAPK1 exhibits preferential binding toward the open conformation of vinculin, suggesting that the MAPK1-vinculin interaction is conformationally selective. Finally, we demonstrate that changes in the size of the D3-D4 cleft provide a structural basis for the conformational selectivity of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiavash Garakani
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Hengameh Shams
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California.
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15
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Wieczorek K, Wiktorska M, Sacewicz-Hofman I, Boncela J, Lewiński A, Kowalska MA, Niewiarowska J. Filamin A upregulation correlates with Snail-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell adhesion but its inhibition increases the migration of colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:163-170. [PMID: 28778796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNA) is actin filament cross-linking protein involved in cancer progression. Its importance in regulating cell motility is directly related to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. However, little is known about the mechanism of action of FLNA at this early stage of cancer invasion. Using immunochemical methods, we evaluated the levels and localization of FLNA, pFLNA[Ser2152], β1 integrin, pβ1 integrin[Thr788/9], FAK, pFAK[Y379], and talin in stably transfected HT29 adenocarcinoma cells overexpressing Snail and looked for the effect of Snail in adhesion and migration assays on fibronectin-coated surfaces before and after FLNA silencing. Our findings indicate that FLNA upregulation correlates with Snail-induced EMT in colorectal carcinoma. FLNA localizes in the cytoplasm and at the sites of focal adhesion (FA) of invasive cells. Silencing of FLNA inhibits Snail-induced cell adhesion, reduces the size of FA sites, induces the relocalization of talin from the cytoplasm to the membrane area and augments cell migratory properties. Our findings suggest that FLNA may not act as a classic integrin inhibitor in invasive carcinoma cells, but is involved in other pro-invasive pathways. FLNA upregulation, which correlates with cell metastatic properties, maybe an additional target for combination therapy in colorectal carcinoma tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wiktorska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Anna Kowalska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Niewiarowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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16
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Shams H, Soheilypour M, Peyro M, Moussavi-Baygi R, Mofrad MRK. Looking "Under the Hood" of Cellular Mechanotransduction with Computational Tools: A Systems Biomechanics Approach across Multiple Scales. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2712-2726. [PMID: 33418698 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal modulation has been developed in living cells throughout evolution to promote utilizing the same machinery for multiple cellular functions. Chemical and mechanical modules of signal transmission and transduction are interconnected and necessary for organ development and growth. However, due to the high complexity of the intercommunication of physical intracellular connections with biochemical pathways, there are many missing details in our overall understanding of mechanotransduction processes, i.e., the process by which mechanical signals are converted to biochemical cascades. Cell-matrix adhesions are mechanically coupled to the nucleus through the cytoskeleton. This modulated and tightly integrated network mediates the transmission of mechanochemical signals from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus. Various experimental and computational techniques have been utilized to understand the basic mechanisms of mechanotransduction, yet many aspects have remained elusive. Recently, in silico experiments have made important contributions to the field of mechanobiology. Herein, computational modeling efforts devoted to understanding integrin-mediated mechanotransduction pathways are reviewed, and an outlook is presented for future directions toward using suitable computational approaches and developing novel techniques for addressing important questions in the field of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Shams
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Mohammad Soheilypour
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Mohaddeseh Peyro
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Ruhollah Moussavi-Baygi
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
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17
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Sala S, Catillon M, Hadzic E, Schaffner-Reckinger E, Van Troys M, Ampe C. The PET and LIM1-2 domains of testin contribute to intramolecular and homodimeric interactions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177879. [PMID: 28542564 PMCID: PMC5436826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion protein testin is a modular scaffold and tumour suppressor that consists of an N-terminal cysteine rich (CR) domain, a PET domain of unknown function and three C-terminal LIM domains. Testin has been proposed to have an open and a closed conformation based on the observation that its N-terminal half and C-terminal half directly interact. Here we extend the testin conformational model by demonstrating that testin can also form an antiparallel homodimer. In support of this extended model we determined that the testin region (amino acids 52–233) harbouring the PET domain interacts with the C-terminal LIM1-2 domains in vitro and in cells, and assign a critical role to tyrosine 288 in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sala
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Catillon
- Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit - FSTC, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ermin Hadzic
- Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit - FSTC, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit - FSTC, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Sala S, Van Troys M, Medves S, Catillon M, Timmerman E, Staes A, Schaffner-Reckinger E, Gevaert K, Ampe C. Expanding the Interactome of TES by Exploiting TES Modules with Different Subcellular Localizations. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2054-2071. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sala
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Sandrine Medves
- Cytoskeleton
and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit − FSTC, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, LIH, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Catillon
- Cytoskeleton
and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit − FSTC, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Evy Timmerman
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cytoskeleton
and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit − FSTC, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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19
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Kamm RD, Lammerding J, Mofrad MRK. Cellular Nanomechanics. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-54357-3_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Haining AM, von Essen M, Attwood S, Hytönen VP, del Río Hernández A. All Subdomains of the Talin Rod Are Mechanically Vulnerable and May Contribute To Cellular Mechanosensing. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6648-58. [PMID: 27380548 PMCID: PMC4982699 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the relevance of mechanotransduction in cell signaling is currently appreciated, the mechanisms that drive this process remain largely unknown. Mechanical unfolding of proteins may trigger distinct downstream signals in cells, providing a mechanism for cellular mechanotransduction. Force-induced unfolding of talin, a prominent focal adhesion protein, has been demonstrated previously for a small portion of its rod domain. Here, using single-molecule atomic force microscopy (smAFM), we show that the entire talin rod can be unfolded by mechanical extension, over a physiological range of forces between 10 and 40 pN. We also demonstrate, through a combination of smAFM and steered molecular dynamics, that the different bundles within the talin rod exhibit a distinct hierarchy of mechanical stability. These results provide a mechanism by which different force conditions within the cell control a graduated unfolding of the talin rod. Mechanical unfolding of the rod subdomains, and the subsequent effect on talin's binding interactions, would allow for a finely tuned cellular response to internally or externally applied forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
William M. Haining
- Cellular
and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Magdaléna von Essen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab
Laboratories, Biokatu
4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Simon
J. Attwood
- Cellular
and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab
Laboratories, Biokatu
4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Armando del Río Hernández
- Cellular
and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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21
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Hu X, Jing C, Xu X, Nakazawa N, Cornish VW, Margadant FM, Sheetz MP. Cooperative Vinculin Binding to Talin Mapped by Time-Resolved Super Resolution Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4062-8. [PMID: 27210030 PMCID: PMC5367886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The dimeric focal adhesion protein talin contains up to 22 cryptic vinculin binding sites that are exposed by unfolding. Using a novel method to monitor the in situ dynamics of the talin dimer stretch, we find that in contrast to several prevalent talin dimer models the integrin-binding talin N-termini are separated by 162 ± 44 nm on average whereas as expected the C-terminal dimerization domains colocalize and are mobile. Using vinculin tagged by DHFR-TMP Atto655 label, we found that optimal vinculin and vinculin head binding occurred when talin was stretched to 180 nm, while the controls did not bind to talin. Surprisingly, multiple vinculins bound within a single second in narrowly localized regions of the talin rod during stretching. We suggest that talin stretches as an antiparallel dimer and that activates vinculin binding in a cooperative manner, consistent with the stabilization of folded talin by other binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Chaoran Jing
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Naotaka Nakazawa
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Virginia W. Cornish
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Felix M. Margadant
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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22
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Schulte C, Ferraris GMS, Oldani A, Galluzzi M, Podestà A, Puricelli L, de Lorenzi V, Lenardi C, Milani P, Sidenius N. Lamellipodial tension, not integrin/ligand binding, is the crucial factor to realise integrin activation and cell migration. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 95:1-14. [PMID: 26616200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular clutch (MC) model proposes that actomyosin-driven force transmission permits integrin-dependent cell migration. To investigate the MC, we introduced diverse talin (TLN) and integrin variants into Flp-In™ T-Rex™ HEK293 cells stably expressing uPAR. Vitronectin variants served as substrate providing uPAR-mediated cell adhesion and optionally integrin binding. This particular system allowed us to selectively analyse key MC proteins and interactions, effectively from the extracellular matrix substrate to intracellular f-actin, and to therewith study mechanobiological aspects of MC engagement also uncoupled from integrin/ligand binding. With this experimental approach, we found that for the initial PIP2-dependent membrane/TLN/f-actin linkage and persistent lamellipodia formation the C-terminal TLN actin binding site (ABS) is dispensable. The establishment of an adequate MC-mediated lamellipodial tension instead depends predominantly on the coupling of this C-terminal TLN ABS to the actomyosin-driven retrograde actin flow force. This lamellipodial tension is crucial for full integrin activation eventually determining integrin-dependent cell migration. In the integrin/ligand-independent condition the frictional membrane resistance participates to these processes. Integrin/ligand binding can also contribute but is not necessarily required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schulte
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; CIMaINa (Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Material and Interfaces) and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Gian Maria Sarra Ferraris
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Oldani
- Imaging Unit, IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- CIMaINa (Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Material and Interfaces) and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- CIMaINa (Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Material and Interfaces) and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Puricelli
- CIMaINa (Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Material and Interfaces) and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina de Lorenzi
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- CIMaINa (Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Material and Interfaces) and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMaINa (Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Material and Interfaces) and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicolai Sidenius
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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