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Ergir E, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Fernandes S, Cassani M, Niro F, Pereira-Sousa D, Vrbský J, Vinarský V, Perestrelo AR, Debellis D, Vadovičová N, Uldrijan S, Cavalieri F, Pagliari S, Redl H, Ertl P, Forte G. Generation and maturation of human iPSC-derived 3D organotypic cardiac microtissues in long-term culture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17409. [PMID: 36257968 PMCID: PMC9579206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide; hence there is an increasing focus on developing physiologically relevant in vitro cardiovascular tissue models suitable for studying personalized medicine and pre-clinical tests. Despite recent advances, models that reproduce both tissue complexity and maturation are still limited. We have established a scaffold-free protocol to generate multicellular, beating human cardiac microtissues in vitro from hiPSCs-namely human organotypic cardiac microtissues (hOCMTs)-that show some degree of self-organization and can be cultured for long term. This is achieved by the differentiation of hiPSC in 2D monolayer culture towards cardiovascular lineage, followed by further aggregation on low-attachment culture dishes in 3D. The generated hOCMTs contain multiple cell types that physiologically compose the heart and beat without external stimuli for more than 100 days. We have shown that 3D hOCMTs display improved cardiac specification, survival and metabolic maturation as compared to standard monolayer cardiac differentiation. We also confirmed the functionality of hOCMTs by their response to cardioactive drugs in long-term culture. Furthermore, we demonstrated that they could be used to study chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Due to showing a tendency for self-organization, cellular heterogeneity, and functionality in our 3D microtissues over extended culture time, we could also confirm these constructs as human cardiac organoids (hCOs). This study could help to develop more physiologically-relevant cardiac tissue models, and represent a powerful platform for future translational research in cardiovascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Ergir
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.5329.d0000 0001 2348 4034Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soraia Fernandes
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Cassani
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Niro
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Pereira-Sousa
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrbský
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vinarský
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Rubina Perestrelo
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Doriana Debellis
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Electron Microscopy Facility, Fondazione Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Natália Vadovičová
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stjepan Uldrijan
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz Redl
- grid.454388.6Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, 1200 Vienna, Austria ,grid.511951.8Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- grid.5329.d0000 0001 2348 4034Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria ,grid.511951.8Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Perestrelo AR, Silva AC, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Martino F, Horváth V, Caluori G, Polanský O, Vinarský V, Azzato G, de Marco G, Žampachová V, Skládal P, Pagliari S, Rainer A, Pinto-do-Ó P, Caravella A, Koci K, Nascimento DS, Forte G. Multiscale Analysis of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in the Failing Heart. Circ Res 2021; 128:24-38. [PMID: 33106094 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac ECM (extracellular matrix) comprises a dynamic molecular network providing structural support to heart tissue function. Understanding the impact of ECM remodeling on cardiac cells during heart failure (HF) is essential to prevent adverse ventricular remodeling and restore organ functionality in affected patients. OBJECTIVES We aimed to (1) identify consistent modifications to cardiac ECM structure and mechanics that contribute to HF and (2) determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We first performed decellularization of human and murine ECM (decellularized ECM) and then analyzed the pathological changes occurring in decellularized ECM during HF by atomic force microscopy, 2-photon microscopy, high-resolution 3-dimensional image analysis, and computational fluid dynamics simulation. We then performed molecular and functional assays in patient-derived cardiac fibroblasts based on YAP (yes-associated protein)-transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) mechanosensing activity and collagen contraction assays. The analysis of HF decellularized ECM resulting from ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy, as well as from mouse infarcted tissue, identified a common pattern of modifications in their 3-dimensional topography. As compared with healthy heart, HF ECM exhibited aligned, flat, and compact fiber bundles, with reduced elasticity and organizational complexity. At the molecular level, RNA sequencing of HF cardiac fibroblasts highlighted the overrepresentation of dysregulated genes involved in ECM organization, or being connected to TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1), interleukin-1, TNF-α, and BDNF signaling pathways. Functional tests performed on HF cardiac fibroblasts pointed at mechanosensor YAP as a key player in ECM remodeling in the diseased heart via transcriptional activation of focal adhesion assembly. Finally, in vitro experiments clarified pathological cardiac ECM prevents cell homing, thus providing further hints to identify a possible window of action for cell therapy in cardiac diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our multiparametric approach has highlighted repercussions of ECM remodeling on cell homing, cardiac fibroblast activation, and focal adhesion protein expression via hyperactivated YAP signaling during HF.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Matrix/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/ultrastructure
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/ultrastructure
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Humans
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/ultrastructure
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rubina Perestrelo
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (A.R.P., J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.H., G.C., O.P., V.V., S.P., K.K., G.F.)
| | - Ana Catarina Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto (A.C.S., P.P.-d.Ó., D.S.N.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal (A.C.S., P.P.-d.Ó., D.S.N.)
- Gladstone Institute University of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco (A.C.S., J.O.-D.L.C.)
| | - Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (A.R.P., J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.H., G.C., O.P., V.V., S.P., K.K., G.F.)
- Gladstone Institute University of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco (A.C.S., J.O.-D.L.C.)
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czech Republic (J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.V., G.F.)
| | - Fabiana Martino
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (A.R.P., J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.H., G.C., O.P., V.V., S.P., K.K., G.F.)
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czech Republic (J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.V., G.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic (F.M.)
| | - Vladimír Horváth
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (A.R.P., J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.H., G.C., O.P., V.V., S.P., K.K., G.F.)
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Transplant Surgery, Brno, Czech Republic (V.H.)
| | - Guido Caluori
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (A.R.P., J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.H., G.C., O.P., V.V., S.P., K.K., G.F.)
- Central European Institute for Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (G.C., P.S.)
| | - Ondřej Polanský
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (A.R.P., J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.H., G.C., O.P., V.V., S.P., K.K., G.F.)
| | - Vladimír Vinarský
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (A.R.P., J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.H., G.C., O.P., V.V., S.P., K.K., G.F.)
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czech Republic (J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.V., G.F.)
| | - Giulia Azzato
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modelling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (G.A., A.C.), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe de Marco
- Information Technology Center (G.d.M.), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Víta Žampachová
- First Institute of Pathological Anatomy, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (V.Ž.)
| | - Petr Skládal
- Central European Institute for Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (G.C., P.S.)
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (A.R.P., J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.H., G.C., O.P., V.V., S.P., K.K., G.F.)
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy (A.R.)
- Institute of Nanotechnologies (NANOTEC), National Research Council, Lecce, Italy (A.R.)
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto (A.C.S., P.P.-d.Ó., D.S.N.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal (A.C.S., P.P.-d.Ó., D.S.N.)
| | - Alessio Caravella
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modelling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (G.A., A.C.), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Kamila Koci
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (A.R.P., J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.H., G.C., O.P., V.V., S.P., K.K., G.F.)
| | - Diana S Nascimento
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto (A.C.S., P.P.-d.Ó., D.S.N.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal (A.C.S., P.P.-d.Ó., D.S.N.)
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (A.R.P., J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.H., G.C., O.P., V.V., S.P., K.K., G.F.)
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czech Republic (J.O.-D.L.C., F.M., V.V., G.F.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland (G.F.)
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3
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Martino F, Perestrelo AR, Vinarský V, Pagliari S, Forte G. Cellular Mechanotransduction: From Tension to Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:824. [PMID: 30026699 PMCID: PMC6041413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli arising from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) or from neighboring cells. The intracellular molecular processes through which such physical cues are transformed into a biological response are collectively dubbed as mechanotransduction and are of fundamental importance to help the cell timely adapt to the continuous dynamic modifications of the microenvironment. Local changes in ECM composition and mechanics are driven by a feed forward interplay between the cell and the matrix itself, with the first depositing ECM proteins that in turn will impact on the surrounding cells. As such, these changes occur regularly during tissue development and are a hallmark of the pathologies of aging. Only lately, though, the importance of mechanical cues in controlling cell function (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, migration) has been acknowledged. Here we provide a critical review of the recent insights into the molecular basis of cellular mechanotransduction, by analyzing how mechanical stimuli get transformed into a given biological response through the activation of a peculiar genetic program. Specifically, by recapitulating the processes involved in the interpretation of ECM remodeling by Focal Adhesions at cell-matrix interphase, we revise the role of cytoskeleton tension as the second messenger of the mechanotransduction process and the action of mechano-responsive shuttling proteins converging on stage and cell-specific transcription factors. Finally, we give few paradigmatic examples highlighting the emerging role of malfunctions in cell mechanosensing apparatus in the onset and progression of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Martino
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ana R. Perestrelo
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Vinarský
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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4
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Garlíková Z, Silva AC, Rabata A, Potěšil D, Ihnatová I, Dumková J, Koledová Z, Zdráhal Z, Vinarský V, Hampl A, Pinto-do-Ó P, Nascimento DS. Generation of a Close-to-Native In Vitro System to Study Lung Cells-Extracellular Matrix Crosstalk. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 24:1-13. [PMID: 28895470 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of the tissue microenvironment, actively shaping cellular behavior. In vitro culture systems are often poor in ECM constituents, thus not allowing for naturally occurring cell-ECM interactions. This study reports on a straightforward and efficient method for the generation of ECM scaffolds from lung tissue and its subsequent in vitro application using primary lung cells. Mouse lung tissue was subjected to decellularization with 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, hypotonic solutions, and DNase. Resultant ECM scaffolds were devoid of cells and DNA, whereas lung ECM architecture of alveolar region and blood and airway networks were preserved. Scaffolds were predominantly composed of core ECM and ECM-associated proteins such as collagens I-IV, nephronectin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein, and lysyl oxidase homolog 1, among others. When homogenized and applied as coating substrate, ECM supported the attachment of lung fibroblasts (LFs) in a dose-dependent manner. After ECM characterization and biocompatibility tests, a novel in vitro platform for three-dimensional (3D) matrix repopulation that permits live imaging of cell-ECM interactions was established. Using this system, LFs colonized the ECM scaffolds, displaying a close-to-native morphology in intimate interaction with the ECM fibers, and showed nuclear translocation of the mechanosensor yes-associated protein (YAP), when compared with cells cultured in two dimensions. In conclusion, we developed a 3D-like culture system, by combining an efficient decellularization method with a live-imaging culture platform, to replicate in vitro native lung cell-ECM crosstalk. This is a valuable system that can be easily applied to other organs for ECM-related drug screening, disease modeling, and basic mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Garlíková
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 FNUSA-ICRC-International Clinical Research Center of St. Anne University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Catarina Silva
- 3 i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Porto, Portugal .,4 INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica , Porto, Portugal .,5 ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar , Porto, Portugal .,6 Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California
| | - Anas Rabata
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- 7 CEITEC-Central European Institute for Technology, Research Group Proteomics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Ihnatová
- 7 CEITEC-Central European Institute for Technology, Research Group Proteomics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dumková
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koledová
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- 7 CEITEC-Central European Institute for Technology, Research Group Proteomics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vinarský
- 2 FNUSA-ICRC-International Clinical Research Center of St. Anne University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 FNUSA-ICRC-International Clinical Research Center of St. Anne University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- 3 i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Porto, Portugal .,4 INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica , Porto, Portugal .,5 ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar , Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos Nascimento
- 3 i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Porto, Portugal .,4 INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica , Porto, Portugal
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5
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Bagherpoor AJ, Dolezalova D, Barta T, Kučírek M, Sani SA, Ešner M, Kunova Bosakova M, Vinarský V, Peskova L, Hampl A, Štros M. Properties of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Derivatives Depend on Nonhistone DNA-Binding HMGB1 and HMGB2 Proteins. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:328-340. [PMID: 27863459 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins have been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor growth. It is unknown whether they are involved in regulating the typical functions of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and/or those of the differentiated derivatives of hESCs. Using inducible, stably transfected hESCs capable of shRNA-mediated knockdown of HMGB1 and HMGB2, we provide evidence that downregulation of HMGB1 and/or HMGB2 in undifferentiated hESCs does not affect the stemness of cells and induces only minor changes to the proliferation rate, cell-cycle profile, and apoptosis. After differentiation is induced, however, the downregulation of those proteins has important effects on proliferation, apoptosis, telomerase activity, and the efficiency of differentiation toward the neuroectodermal lineage. Furthermore, those processes are affected only when one, but not both, of the two proteins is downregulated; the knockdown of both HMGB1 and HMGB2 results in a normal phenotype. Those results advance our knowledge of regulation of hESC and human neuroectodermal cell differentiation and illustrate the distinct roles of HMGB1 and HMGB2 during early human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jian Bagherpoor
- 1 Laboratory of Analysis of Chromosomal Proteins, Institute of Biophysics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Dolezalova
- 2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Barta
- 2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,3 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kučírek
- 1 Laboratory of Analysis of Chromosomal Proteins, Institute of Biophysics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soodabeh Abbasi Sani
- 1 Laboratory of Analysis of Chromosomal Proteins, Institute of Biophysics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Ešner
- 2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vladimír Vinarský
- 3 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Peskova
- 2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- 2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,3 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Štros
- 1 Laboratory of Analysis of Chromosomal Proteins, Institute of Biophysics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Křivánek J, Švandová E, Králik J, Hajda Š, Fedr R, Vinarský V, Jaroš J, Souček K, Buchtová M, Matalová E, Hampl A. Properties of neural crest-like cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cells. Folia Biol (Praha) 2014; 60 Suppl 1:30-38. [PMID: 25369338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) derive early in vertebrate ontogenesis from neural tube as a population of migratory cells with exquisite differentiation potential. Abnormalities in NCC behaviour are cause of debilitating diseases including cancers and a spectrum of neurocristopathies. Thanks to their multilineage differentiation capacity NCCs offer a cell source for regenerative medicine. Both these aspects make NCC biology an important issue to study, which can currently be addressed using methodologies based on pluripotent stem cells. Here we contributed to understanding the biology of human NCCs by refining the protocol for differentiation/propagation of NCClike cells from human embryonic stem cells and by characterizing the molecular and functional phenotype of such cells. Most importantly, we improved formulation of media for NCC culture, we found that poly-L-ornithine combined with fibronectin provide good support for NCC growth, we unravelled the tendency of cultured NCCs to maintain heterogeneity of CD271 expression, and we showed that NCCs derived here possess the capacity to react to BMP4 signals by dramatically up-regulating MSX1, which is linked to odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Křivánek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno
| | - E Švandová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - J Králik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno
| | - Š Hajda
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno
| | - R Fedr
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Vinarský
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno
| | - J Jaroš
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno
| | - K Souček
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Buchtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - E Matalová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - A Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno
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Holubcová Z, Matula P, Sedláčková M, Vinarský V, Doležalová D, Bárta T, Dvořák P, Hampl A. Human embryonic stem cells suffer from centrosomal amplification. Stem Cells 2011; 29:46-56. [PMID: 20960514 DOI: 10.1002/stem.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Propagation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in culture tends to alter karyotype, potentially limiting the prospective use of these cells in patients. The chromosomal instability of some malignancies is considered to be driven, at least in part, by centrosomal overamplification, perturbing balanced chromosome segregation. Here, we report, for the first time, that very high percentage of cultured hESCs has supernumerary centrosomes during mitosis. Supernumerary centrosomes were strictly associated with an undifferentiated hESC state and progressively disappeared on prolonged propagation in culture. Improved attachment to culture substratum and inhibition of CDK2 and Aurora A (key regulators of centrosomal metabolism) diminished the frequency of multicentrosomal mitoses. Thus, both attenuated cell attachment and deregulation of machinery controlling centrosome number contribute to centrosomal overamplification in hESCs. Linking the excessive number of centrosomes in mitoses to the ploidy indicated that both overduplication within a single cell cycle and mitotic failure contributed to generation of numerical centrosomal abnormalities in hESCs. Collectively, our data indicate that supernumerary centrosomes are a significant risk factor for chromosome instability in cultured hESCs and should be evaluated when new culture conditions are being implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Holubcová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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8
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Bárta T, Vinarský V, Holubcová Z, Dolezalová D, Verner J, Pospísilová S, Dvorák P, Hampl A. Human embryonic stem cells are capable of executing G1/S checkpoint activation. Stem Cells 2010; 28:1143-52. [PMID: 20518019 DOI: 10.1002/stem.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells progress very rapidly through the cell cycle, allowing limited time for cell cycle regulatory circuits that typically function in somatic cells. Mechanisms that inhibit cell cycle progression upon DNA damage are of particular importance, as their malfunction may contribute to the genetic instability observed in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). In this study, we exposed undifferentiated hESCs to DNA-damaging ultraviolet radiation-C range (UVC) light and examined their progression through the G1/S transition. We show that hESCs irradiated in G1 phase undergo cell cycle arrest before DNA synthesis and exhibit decreased cyclin-dependent kinase two (CDK2) activity. We also show that the phosphatase Cdc25A, which directly activates CDK2, is downregulated in irradiated hESCs through the action of the checkpoint kinases Chk1 and/or Chk2. Importantly, the classical effector of the p53-mediated pathway, protein p21, is not a regulator of G1/S progression in hESCs. Taken together, our data demonstrate that cultured undifferentiated hESCs are capable of preventing entry into S-phase by activating the G1/S checkpoint upon damage to their genetic complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Bárta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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