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Mulay AR, Hwang J, Kim DH. Microphysiological Blood-Brain Barrier Systems for Disease Modeling and Drug Development. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303180. [PMID: 38430211 PMCID: PMC11338747 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly controlled microenvironment that regulates the interactions between cerebral blood and brain tissue. Due to its selectivity, many therapeutics targeting various neurological disorders are not able to penetrate into brain tissue. Pre-clinical studies using animals and other in vitro platforms have not shown the ability to fully replicate the human BBB leading to the failure of a majority of therapeutics in clinical trials. However, recent innovations in vitro and ex vivo modeling called organs-on-chips have shown the potential to create more accurate disease models for improved drug development. These microfluidic platforms induce physiological stressors on cultured cells and are able to generate more physiologically accurate BBBs compared to previous in vitro models. In this review, different approaches to create BBBs-on-chips are explored alongside their application in modeling various neurological disorders and potential therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, organs-on-chips use in BBB drug delivery studies is discussed, and advances in linking brain organs-on-chips onto multiorgan platforms to mimic organ crosstalk are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharva R. Mulay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Jihyun Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218
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2
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Gareev K, Tagaeva R, Bobkov D, Yudintceva N, Goncharova D, Combs SE, Ten A, Samochernych K, Shevtsov M. Passing of Nanocarriers across the Histohematic Barriers: Current Approaches for Tumor Theranostics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1140. [PMID: 37049234 PMCID: PMC10096980 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, nanocarriers have demonstrated diagnostic and therapeutic (i.e., theranostic) potencies in translational oncology, and some agents have been further translated into clinical trials. However, the practical application of nanoparticle-based medicine in living organisms is limited by physiological barriers (blood-tissue barriers), which significantly hampers the transport of nanoparticles from the blood into the tumor tissue. This review focuses on several approaches that facilitate the translocation of nanoparticles across blood-tissue barriers (BTBs) to efficiently accumulate in the tumor. To overcome the challenge of BTBs, several methods have been proposed, including the functionalization of particle surfaces with cell-penetrating peptides (e.g., TAT, SynB1, penetratin, R8, RGD, angiopep-2), which increases the passing of particles across tissue barriers. Another promising strategy could be based either on the application of various chemical agents (e.g., efflux pump inhibitors, disruptors of tight junctions, etc.) or physical methods (e.g., magnetic field, electroporation, photoacoustic cavitation, etc.), which have been shown to further increase the permeability of barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Gareev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ruslana Tagaeva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Danila Bobkov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Yudintceva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Goncharova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Artem Ten
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Konstantin Samochernych
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
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3
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Liu F, Yang Z, Yao R, Li H, Cheng J, Guo M. Bulk Electroporation for Intracellular Delivery Directly Driven by Mechanical Stimulus. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19363-19372. [PMID: 36350673 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is an effective and widely accepted intracellular delivery method for fundamental research and medical applications. Existing electroporation methods usually require a commercially available EP system or tailor-made high-voltage (HV, up to kV) power source and are complicated, expensive, harmful to the cells, and even dangerous to the operators. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a highly studied device that can generate HV output with limited charges and ultrahigh internal impedance. Here, we developed a Bulk Electroporation System based on TENG (BEST). To maximize the load voltage of the TENG, a flowing EP unit with a capillary was designed as a resistive load to realize impedance matching. A low conductivity buffer was used to further match and assist cell electroporation. Besides, the electrical model and experiments on cells transfected with the BEST showed that the bulk electric field of the cell medium could reach up to 1 kV/cm, therefore resulting in a nearly 30 times increase of trans-membrane potential, thus largely improving transfection efficiency. Finally, using 40 kDa FITC-dextran, we showed that a delivery efficiency above 50% with a cell viability maintained over 90% can be achieved in HeLa cells. This work demonstrated the potential of TENG in the biomedical field as a naturally safe HV power source. It also provided a simple, alternative, and low-cost solution for EP research and related biomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Ze Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, P. R. China
- School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yao
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Systems Science and Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, P.R. China
| | - Jia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, P. R. China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
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4
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Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is a commonly used strategy to increase cell permeability for intracellular cargo delivery or irreversible cell membrane disruption using electric fields. In recent years, EP performance has been improved by shrinking electrodes and device structures to the microscale. Integration with microfluidics has led to the design of devices performing static EP, where cells are fixed in a defined region, or continuous EP, where cells constantly pass through the device. Each device type performs superior to conventional, macroscale EP devices while providing additional advantages in precision manipulation (static EP) and increased throughput (continuous EP). Microscale EP is gentle on cells and has enabled more sensitive assaying of cells with novel applications. In this Review, we present the physical principles of microscale EP devices and examine design trends in recent years. In addition, we discuss the use of reversible and irreversible EP in the development of therapeutics and analysis of intracellular contents, among other noteworthy applications. This Review aims to inform and encourage scientists and engineers to expand the use of efficient and versatile microscale EP technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Harrison Khoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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Chen X, Liu C, Muok L, Zeng C, Li Y. Dynamic 3D On-Chip BBB Model Design, Development, and Applications in Neurological Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3183. [PMID: 34831406 PMCID: PMC8622822 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a vital structure for maintaining homeostasis between the blood and the brain in the central nervous system (CNS). Biomolecule exchange, ion balance, nutrition delivery, and toxic molecule prevention rely on the normal function of the BBB. The dysfunction and the dysregulation of the BBB leads to the progression of neurological disorders and neurodegeneration. Therefore, in vitro BBB models can facilitate the investigation for proper therapies. As the demand increases, it is urgent to develop a more efficient and more physiologically relevant BBB model. In this review, the development of the microfluidics platform for the applications in neuroscience is summarized. This article focuses on the characterizations of in vitro BBB models derived from human stem cells and discusses the development of various types of in vitro models. The microfluidics-based system and BBB-on-chip models should provide a better platform for high-throughput drug-screening and targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (X.C.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
- The High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (X.C.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Laureana Muok
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (X.C.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Changchun Zeng
- The High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (X.C.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
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Graybill PM, Davalos RV. A Multiplexed Microfluidic Device to Measure Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption by Pulsed Electric Fields. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:1222-1225. [PMID: 34891507 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Local disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by pulsed electric fields shows significant potential for treating neurological conditions. Microfluidic BBB models can provide low-cost, controlled experiments with human cells and test a range of parameters for preclinical studies. We developed a multiplexed BBB device that can test a three-fold range of electric field magnitudes. A tapered channel creates a linear gradient of the electric field within the device, and an asymmetric branching channel enables an on-chip control. We monitored BBB permeability in real-time using the diffusion of a fluorescent marker across an endothelial monolayer to determine BBB disruption after high-frequency bipolar electrical pulses (HFIRE). We show that HFIRE pulses can transiently open the BBB. Unexpectedly, electrofusion of cells resulted in decreased permeability for some conditions. Our multiplexed device can efficiently probe treatment variables for efficient preclinical testing of optimal parameters for reversible BBB disruption.Clinical Relevance-This in vitro model of the BBB can inform preclinical studies by investigating a range of electroporation parameters for BBB disruption.
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7
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Zhuo Z, Wang J, Luo Y, Zeng R, Zhang C, Zhou W, Guo K, Wu H, Sha W, Chen H. Targeted extracellular vesicle delivery systems employing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:13-31. [PMID: 34284151 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes (50-150 nm) have attracted growing interest in numerous areas of cancer and tissue regeneration due to their unique biological features. A low isolation yield and insufficient targeting abilities limit their therapeutic applicability. Recently, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with magnetic navigation have been exploited to enhance the targeting ability of EVs. To construct targeted EV delivery systems engineered by SPIONs, several groups have pioneered the use of different techniques, such as electroporation, natural incubation, and cell extrusion, to directly internalize SPIONs into EVs. Furthermore, some endogenous ligands, such as transferrins, antibodies, aptamers, and streptavidin, were shown to enable modification of SPIONs, which increases binding with EVs. In this review, we summarized recent advances in targeted EV delivery systems engineered by SPIONs and focused on the key methodological approaches and the current applications of magnetic EVs. This report aims to address the existing challenges and provide comprehensive insights into targeted EV delivery systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Targeted extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery systems engineered by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have attracted wide attention and research interest in recent years. Such strategies employ external magnet fields to manipulate SPION-functionalized EVs remotely, aiming to enhance their accumulation and penetration in vivo. Although iron oxide nanoparticle laden EVs are interesting, they are controversial at present, hampering the progress in their clinical application. A thorough integration of these studies is needed for an advanced insight and rational design of targeted EV delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the design strategies of targeted EV delivery systems engineered by SPIONs with a focus on their key methodological approaches, current applications, limitation and future perspectives, which may facilitate the development of natural theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yujun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ruijie Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kehang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huihuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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8
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Fang Z, Chen L, Moser MAJ, Zhang W, Qin Z, Zhang B. Electroporation-Based Therapy for Brain Tumors: A Review. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:100802. [PMID: 33991087 DOI: 10.1115/1.4051184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation-based therapy (EBT), as a high-voltage-pulse technology has been prevalent with favorable clinical outcomes in the treatment of various solid tumors. This review paper aims to promote the clinical translation of EBT for brain tumors. First, we briefly introduced the mechanism of pore formation in a cell membrane activated by external electric fields using a single cell model. Then, we summarized and discussed the current in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, in terms of (1) the safety and effectiveness of EBT for brain tumors in animal models, and (2) the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption induced by EBT. Two therapeutic effects could be achieved in EBT for brain tumors simultaneously, i.e., the tumor ablation induced by irreversible electroporation (IRE) and transient BBB disruption induced by reversible electroporation (RE). The BBB disruption could potentially improve the uptake of antitumor drugs thereby enhancing brain tumor treatment. The challenges that hinder the application of EBT in the treatment of human brain tumors are discussed in the review paper as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- Energy-Based Tumor Ablation Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Michael A J Moser
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Zhiyong Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Energy-Based Tumor Ablation Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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9
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Jenkins EPW, Finch A, Gerigk M, Triantis IF, Watts C, Malliaras GG. Electrotherapies for Glioblastoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100978. [PMID: 34292672 PMCID: PMC8456216 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-thermal, intermediate frequency (100-500 kHz) electrotherapies present a unique therapeutic strategy to treat malignant neoplasms. Here, pulsed electric fields (PEFs) which induce reversible or irreversible electroporation (IRE) and tumour-treating fields (TTFs) are reviewed highlighting the foundations, advances, and considerations of each method when applied to glioblastoma (GBM). Several biological aspects of GBM that contribute to treatment complexity (heterogeneity, recurrence, resistance, and blood-brain barrier(BBB)) and electrophysiological traits which are suggested to promote glioma progression are described. Particularly, the biological responses at the cellular and molecular level to specific parameters of the electrical stimuli are discussed offering ways to compare these parameters despite the lack of a universally adopted physical description. Reviewing the literature, a disconnect is found between electrotherapy techniques and how they target the biological complexities of GBM that make treatment difficult in the first place. An attempt is made to bridge the interdisciplinary gap by mapping biological characteristics to different methods of electrotherapy, suggesting important future research topics and directions in both understanding and treating GBM. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper that attempts an in-tandem assessment of the biological effects of different aspects of intermediate frequency electrotherapy methods, thus offering possible strategies toward GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise P. W. Jenkins
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic ScienceUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Magda Gerigk
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
| | - Iasonas F. Triantis
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringCity, University of LondonLondonEC1V 0HBUK
| | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic ScienceUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
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10
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Brain-targeted drug delivery assisted by physical techniques and its potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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11
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Heydarheydari S, Firoozabadi SM, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Shankayi Z. Pulsed high magnetic field-induced reversible blood-brain barrier permeability to enhance brain-targeted drug delivery. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:361-374. [PMID: 34043463 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1925905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to select an effective Pulsed High Magnetic Field (PHMF) stimulation protocol that would induce the Blood-Brain Barrier's (BBB) reversible permeability to enhance brain-targeted drug delivery. PHMF was applied to the skull over the right hemisphere of 60 Wistar rats. The sham group contained other 10 rats that did not receive PHMF stimulation. The investigated parameters were repetition frequencies (0.25, 1, and 4 Hz as well as the effective low frequency combined with 10 Hz) and numbers of pulses in each train. Evans Blue Dye (EBD) uptake within the brain parenchyma was measured to select an effective PHMF stimulation protocol. BBB reversibility was evaluated by measuring EBD uptake and Gadobutrol retention, through MRI signal intensity enhancement, within brain parenchyma after exposure to the effective PHMF stimulation protocol at different time points including 0.5, 1, and 24 hours. The obtained results showed that the PHMF stimulation increased the BBB's reversible permeability; this increase was more significant for 28 pulses with 1 Hz frequency (P < .0001). Changes in EBD uptake and MRI signal intensity in the exposed side (right hemisphere) peaked within 0.5-1 hour and returned to normal levels 24 hours after exposure to the effective protocol of PHMF stimulation (28 pulses with 1 Hz frequency). The Contrast-Enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) signal intensity confirmed the changes in EBD concentration. PHMF stimulation can be used as an effective protocol for enhancing the permeability reversibly of BBB, hence considered a potential clinical approach to brain-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Heydarheydari
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Firoozabadi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,R&D Center, Pars Bioelectromagnetics Co, Modares Science and Technology Park, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shankayi
- R&D Center, Pars Bioelectromagnetics Co, Modares Science and Technology Park, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Acarón Ledesma H, Li X, Carvalho-de-Souza JL, Wei W, Bezanilla F, Tian B. An atlas of nano-enabled neural interfaces. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:645-657. [PMID: 31270446 PMCID: PMC6800006 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microscopy and molecular strategies have allowed researchers to gain insight into the intricate organization of the mammalian brain and the roles that neurons play in processing information. Despite vast progress, therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders remain limited, owing to a lack of biomaterials for sensing and modulating neuronal signalling in vivo. Therefore, there is a pressing need for developing material-based tools that can form seamless biointerfaces and interrogate the brain with unprecedented resolution. In this Review, we discuss important considerations in material design and implementation, highlight recent breakthroughs in neural sensing and modulation, and propose future directions in neurotechnology research. Our goal is to create an atlas for nano-enabled neural interfaces and to demonstrate how emerging nanotechnologies can interrogate neural systems spanning multiple biological length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Acarón Ledesma
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute of Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen-Hongkong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - João L Carvalho-de-Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francisco Bezanilla
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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14
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Sweeney DC, Weaver JC, Davalos RV. Characterization of Cell Membrane Permeability In Vitro Part I: Transport Behavior Induced by Single-Pulse Electric Fields. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818792491. [PMID: 30236040 PMCID: PMC6154305 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818792491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most experimental studies of electroporation focus on permeabilization of the outer cell membrane. Some experiments address delivery of ions and molecules into cells that should survive; others focus on efficient killing of the cells with minimal temperature rise. A basic method for quantifying electroporation effectiveness is measuring the membrane's diffusive permeability. More specifically, comparisons of membrane permeability between electroporation protocols often rely on relative fluorescence measurements, which are not able to be directly connected to theoretical calculations and complicate comparisons between studies. Here we present part I of a 2-part study: a research method for quantitatively determining the membrane diffusive permeability for individual cells using fluorescence microscopy. We determine diffusive permeabilities of cell membranes to propidium for electric field pulses with durations of 1 to 1000 μs and strengths of 170 to 400 kV/m and show that diffusive permeabilities can reach 1.3±0.4×10-8 m/s. This leads to a correlation between increased membrane permeability and eventual propidium uptake. We also identify a subpopulation of cells that exhibit a delayed and significant propidium uptake for relatively small single pulses. Our results provide evidence that cells, especially those that uptake propidium more slowly, can achieve large permeabilities with a single electrical pulse that may be quantitatively measured using standard fluorescence microscopy equipment and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Sweeney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech,
Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - James C. Weaver
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech,
Blacksburg, VA, USA
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15
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Bonakdar M, Graybill PM, Davalos RV. A microfluidic model of the blood-brain barrier to study permeabilization by pulsed electric fields. RSC Adv 2017; 7:42811-42818. [PMID: 29308191 PMCID: PMC5753766 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields interact with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and have been shown to increase the BBB permeability under some pulsing regimes. Pulsed electric fields may enhance drug delivery to the brain by disrupting the integrity of the BBB and allowing otherwise impermeable drugs to reach target areas. Microfluidic, in vitro models offer an alternative platform for exploring the impact of pulsed electric fields on the BBB because they create physiologically relevant microenvironments and eliminate the confounding variables of animal studies. We developed a microfluidic platform for real-time measurement of BBB permeability pre- and post-treatment with pulsed electric fields. Permeability is measured optically by the diffusion of fluorescent tracers across a monolayer of human cerebral microcapillary endothelial cells (hCMECs) cultured on a permeable membrane. We found that this device is able to capture real-time permeability of hCMEC monolayers for both reversible and irreversible electroporation pulsing regimes. Furthermore, preliminary testing of deep brain stimulation pulsing regimes reveals possible impacts on BBB integrity. This device will enable future studies of pulsed electric field regimes for improved understanding of BBB permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bonakdar
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - P. M. Graybill
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - R. V. Davalos
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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16
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Wasson EM, Ivey JW, Verbridge SS, Davalos RV. The Feasibility of Enhancing Susceptibility of Glioblastoma Cells to IRE Using a Calcium Adjuvant. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:2535-2547. [PMID: 28849278 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a cellular ablation method used to treat a variety of cancers. IRE works by exposing tissues to pulsed electric fields which cause cell membrane disruption. Cells exposed to lower energies become temporarily permeable while greater energy exposure results in cell death. For IRE to be used safely in the brain, methods are needed to extend the area of ablation without increasing applied voltage, and thus, thermal damage. We present evidence that IRE used with adjuvant calcium (5 mM CaCl2) results in a nearly twofold increase in ablation area in vitro compared to IRE alone. Adjuvant 5 mM CaCl2 induces death in cells reversibly electroporated by IRE, thereby lowering the electric field thresholds required for cell death to nearly half that of IRE alone. The calcium-induced death response of reversibly electroporated cells is confirmed by electrochemotherapy pulses which also induced cell death with calcium but not without. These findings, combined with our numerical modeling, suggest the ability to ablate up to 3.2× larger volumes of tissue in vivo when combining IRE and calcium. The ability to ablate a larger volume with lowered energies would improve the efficacy and safety of IRE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Wasson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Goodwin Hall, 635 Prices Fork Road - MC 0238, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. .,Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, 325 Stanger St., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Jill W Ivey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger St., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger St., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Goodwin Hall, 635 Prices Fork Road - MC 0238, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger St., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, 325 Stanger St., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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17
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Garcia PA, Kos B, Rossmeisl JH, Pavliha D, Miklavčič D, Davalos RV. Predictive therapeutic planning for irreversible electroporation treatment of spontaneous malignant glioma. Med Phys 2017; 44:4968-4980. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. Garcia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
- Laboratory for Energy and Microsystems Innovation Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Bor Kos
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Ljubljana Trzaska 25 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia‐Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg VA 24060 USA
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro‐oncology LaboratoryVirginia‐Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg VA 24060 USA
| | - Denis Pavliha
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Ljubljana Trzaska 25 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Ljubljana Trzaska 25 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
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18
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Murovec T, Sweeney DC, Latouche E, Davalos RV, Brosseau C. Modeling of Transmembrane Potential in Realistic Multicellular Structures before Electroporation. Biophys J 2017; 111:2286-2295. [PMID: 27851950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches for studying the transmembrane potential (TMP) induced during the treatment of biological cells with pulsed electric fields have been reported. From the simple analytical models to more complex numerical models requiring significant computational resources, a gamut of methods have been used to recapitulate multicellular environments in silico. Cells have been modeled as simple shapes in two dimensions as well as more complex geometries attempting to replicate realistic cell shapes. In this study, we describe a method for extracting realistic cell morphologies from fluorescence microscopy images to generate the piecewise continuous mesh used to develop a finite element model in two dimensions. The preelectroporation TMP induced in tightly packed cells is analyzed for two sets of pulse parameters inspired by clinical irreversible electroporation treatments. We show that high-frequency bipolar pulse trains are better, and more homogeneously raise the TMP of tightly packed cells to a simulated electroporation threshold than conventional irreversible electroporation pulse trains, at the expense of larger applied potentials. Our results demonstrate the viability of our method and emphasize the importance of considering multicellular effects in the numerical models used for studying the response of biological tissues exposed to electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Murovec
- Lab-STICC, Université de Brest, CS 93837, Brest, France.
| | - Daniel C Sweeney
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Eduardo Latouche
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia
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New potential strategies for Alzheimer's disease prevention: pegylated biodegradable dexibuprofen nanospheres administration to APPswe/PS1dE9. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1171-1182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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