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Ewald J, He Z, Dimitriew W, Schuster S. Including glutamine in a resource allocation model of energy metabolism in cancer and yeast cells. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:77. [PMID: 39025861 PMCID: PMC11258256 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism is crucial for all living cells, especially during fast growth or stress scenarios. Many cancer and activated immune cells (Warburg effect) or yeasts (Crabtree effect) mostly rely on aerobic glucose fermentation leading to lactate or ethanol, respectively, to generate ATP. In recent years, several mathematical models have been proposed to explain the Warburg effect on theoretical grounds. Besides glucose, glutamine is a very important substrate for eukaryotic cells-not only for biosynthesis, but also for energy metabolism. Here, we present a minimal constraint-based stoichiometric model for explaining both the classical Warburg effect and the experimentally observed respirofermentation of glutamine (WarburQ effect). We consider glucose and glutamine respiration as well as the respective fermentation pathways. Our resource allocation model calculates the ATP production rate, taking into account enzyme masses and, therefore, pathway costs. While our calculation predicts glucose fermentation to be a superior energy-generating pathway in human cells, different enzyme characteristics in yeasts reduce this advantage, in some cases to such an extent that glucose respiration is preferred. The latter is observed for the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, which is a known Crabtree-negative yeast. Further, optimization results show that glutamine is a valuable energy source and important substrate under glucose limitation, in addition to its role as a carbon and nitrogen source of biomass in eukaryotic cells. In conclusion, our model provides insights that glutamine is an underestimated fuel for eukaryotic cells during fast growth and infection scenarios and explains well the observed parallel respirofermentation of glucose and glutamine in several cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ewald
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI) Dresden/Leipzig, Leipzig University, Humboldtstraße 25, 04105, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ziyang He
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Wassili Dimitriew
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schuster
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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2
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Ciccarone F, Ciriolo MR. Reprogrammed mitochondria: a central hub of cancer cell metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1305-1315. [PMID: 38716960 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent the metabolic hub of normal cells and play this role also in cancer but with different functional purposes. While cells in differentiated tissues have the prerogative of maintaining basal metabolism and support the biosynthesis of specialized products, cancer cells have to rewire the metabolic constraints imposed by the differentiation process. They need to balance the bioenergetic supply with the anabolic requirements that entail the intense proliferation rate, including nucleotide and membrane lipid biosynthesis. For this aim, mitochondrial metabolism is reprogrammed following the activation of specific oncogenic pathways or due to specific mutations of mitochondrial proteins. The main process leading to mitochondrial metabolic rewiring is the alteration of the tricarboxylic acid cycle favoring the appropriate orchestration of anaplerotic and cataplerotic reactions. According to the tumor type or the microenvironmental conditions, mitochondria may decouple glucose catabolism from mitochondrial oxidation in favor of glutaminolysis or disable oxidative phosphorylation for avoiding harmful production of free radicals. These and other metabolic settings can be also determined by the neo-production of oncometabolites that are not specific for the tissue of origin or the accumulation of metabolic intermediates able to boost pro-proliferative metabolism also impacting epigenetic/transcriptional programs. The full characterization of tumor-specific mitochondrial signatures may provide the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities based on metabolic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
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3
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Wang Y, Patti GJ. The Warburg effect: a signature of mitochondrial overload. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:1014-1020. [PMID: 37117116 PMCID: PMC10600323 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing question in cancer biology has been why oxygenated tumors ferment the majority of glucose they consume to lactate rather than oxidizing it in their mitochondria, a phenomenon known as the 'Warburg effect.' An abundance of evidence shows not only that most cancer cells have fully functional mitochondria but also that mitochondrial activity is important to proliferation. It is therefore difficult to rationalize the metabolic benefit of cancer cells switching from respiration to fermentation. An emerging perspective is that rather than mitochondrial metabolism being suppressed in tumors, as is often suggested, mitochondrial activity increases to the level of saturation. As such, the Warburg effect becomes a signature of excess glucose being released as lactate due to mitochondrial overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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4
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Han JH, Lee EJ, Park W, Ha KT, Chung HS. Natural compounds as lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors: potential therapeutics for lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275000. [PMID: 37915411 PMCID: PMC10616500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a crucial enzyme involved in energy metabolism and present in various cells throughout the body. Its diverse physiological functions encompass glycolysis, and its abnormal activity is associated with numerous diseases. Targeting LDH has emerged as a vital approach in drug discovery, leading to the identification of LDH inhibitors among natural compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. These compounds demonstrate therapeutic potential against LDH-related diseases, including anti-cancer effects. However, challenges concerning limited bioavailability, poor solubility, and potential toxicity must be addressed. Combining natural compounds with LDH inhibitors has led to promising outcomes in preclinical studies. This review highlights the promise of natural compounds as LDH inhibitors for treating cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Park
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM Campus, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM Campus, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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5
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Miallot R, Millet V, Galland F, Naquet P. The vitamin B5/coenzyme A axis: A target for immunomodulation? Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350435. [PMID: 37482959 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) serves as a vital cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions involved in energy production, lipid metabolism, and synthesis of essential molecules. Dysregulation of CoA-dependent metabolic pathways can contribute to chronic diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. Additionally, CoA influences immune cell activation by modulating the metabolism of these cells, thereby affecting their proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions. Targeting CoA metabolism presents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention, as it can potentially restore metabolic balance, mitigate chronic inflammation, and enhance immune cell function. This might ultimately improve the management and outcomes for these diseases. This review will more specifically focus on the contribution of pathways regulating the availability of the CoA precursor Vitamin B5/pantothenate in vivo and modulating the development of Th17-mediated inflammation, CD8-dependent anti-tumor immunity but also tissue repair processes in chronic inflammatory or degenerative diseases.
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6
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Liu W, Wang Y, Bozi LHM, Fischer PD, Jedrychowski MP, Xiao H, Wu T, Darabedian N, He X, Mills EL, Burger N, Shin S, Reddy A, Sprenger HG, Tran N, Winther S, Hinshaw SM, Shen J, Seo HS, Song K, Xu AZ, Sebastian L, Zhao JJ, Dhe-Paganon S, Che J, Gygi SP, Arthanari H, Chouchani ET. Lactate regulates cell cycle by remodelling the anaphase promoting complex. Nature 2023; 616:790-797. [PMID: 36921622 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Lactate is abundant in rapidly dividing cells owing to the requirement for elevated glucose catabolism to support proliferation1-6. However, it is not known whether accumulated lactate affects the proliferative state. Here we use a systematic approach to determine lactate-dependent regulation of proteins across the human proteome. From these data, we identify a mechanism of cell cycle regulation whereby accumulated lactate remodels the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C). Remodelling of APC/C in this way is caused by direct inhibition of the SUMO protease SENP1 by lactate. We find that accumulated lactate binds and inhibits SENP1 by forming a complex with zinc in the SENP1 active site. SENP1 inhibition by lactate stabilizes SUMOylation of two residues on APC4, which drives UBE2C binding to APC/C. This direct regulation of APC/C by lactate stimulates timed degradation of cell cycle proteins, and efficient mitotic exit in proliferative human cells. This mechanism is initiated upon mitotic entry when lactate abundance reaches its apex. In this way, accumulation of lactate communicates the consequences of a nutrient-replete growth phase to stimulate timed opening of APC/C, cell division and proliferation. Conversely, persistent accumulation of lactate drives aberrant APC/C remodelling and can overcome anti-mitotic pharmacology via mitotic slippage. In sum, we define a biochemical mechanism through which lactate directly regulates protein function to control the cell cycle and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luiz H M Bozi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick D Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Narek Darabedian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiadi He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evanna L Mills
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nils Burger
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Reddy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans-Georg Sprenger
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nhien Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sally Winther
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen M Hinshaw
- Stanford Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jingnan Shen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kijun Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Z Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke Sebastian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianwei Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Gonçalves IG, García-Aznar JM. Hybrid computational models of multicellular tumour growth considering glucose metabolism. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1262-1271. [PMID: 36814723 PMCID: PMC9939553 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells metabolize glucose through metabolic pathways that differ from those used by healthy and differentiated cells. In particular, tumours have been shown to consume more glucose than their healthy counterparts and to use anaerobic metabolic pathways, even under aerobic conditions. Nevertheless, scientists have still not been able to explain why cancer cells evolved to present an altered metabolism and what evolutionary advantage this might provide them. Experimental and computational models have been increasingly used in recent years to understand some of these biological questions. Multicellular tumour spheroids are effective experimental models as they replicate the initial stages of avascular solid tumour growth. Furthermore, these experiments generate data which can be used to calibrate and validate computational studies that aim to simulate tumour growth. Hybrid models are of particular relevance in this field of research because they model cells as individual agents while also incorporating continuum representations of the substances present in the surrounding microenvironment that may participate in intracellular metabolic networks as concentration or density distributions. Henceforth, in this review, we explore the potential of computational modelling to reveal the role of metabolic reprogramming in tumour growth.
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Key Words
- ABM, agent-based model
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CA, cellular automata
- CPM, cellular Potts model
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FBA, Flux Balance Analysis
- FDG-PET, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography
- MCTS, multicellular tumour spheroids
- ODEs, ordinary differential equations
- PDEs, partial differential equations
- SBML, Systems Biology Markup Language
- Warburg effect
- agent-based models
- glucose metabolism
- hybrid modelling
- multicellular simulations
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês G Gonçalves
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Aragon, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Aragon, Spain
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8
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Purine nucleotide depletion prompts cell migration by stimulating the serine synthesis pathway. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2698. [PMID: 35577785 PMCID: PMC9110385 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine nucleotides are necessary for various biological processes related to cell proliferation. Despite their importance in DNA and RNA synthesis, cellular signaling, and energy-dependent reactions, the impact of changes in cellular purine levels on cell physiology remains poorly understood. Here, we find that purine depletion stimulates cell migration, despite effective reduction in cell proliferation. Blocking purine synthesis triggers a shunt of glycolytic carbon into the serine synthesis pathway, which is required for the induction of cell migration upon purine depletion. The stimulation of cell migration upon a reduction in intracellular purines required one-carbon metabolism downstream of de novo serine synthesis. Decreased purine abundance and the subsequent increase in serine synthesis triggers an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and, in cancer models, promotes metastatic colonization. Thus, reducing the available pool of intracellular purines re-routes metabolic flux from glycolysis into de novo serine synthesis, a metabolic change that stimulates a program of cell migration. Nucleotides are essential for different biological processes and have been also associated to cancer development. Depleting cellular nucleotides is a strategy commonly employed to target cancers. Here, the authors show that purine depletion induces serine synthesis to promote cancer cell migration and metastasis.
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9
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Petty HR. Enzyme Trafficking and Co-Clustering Precede and Accurately Predict Human Breast Cancer Recurrences: An Interdisciplinary Review. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C991-C1010. [PMID: 35385324 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00042.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although great effort has been expended to understand cancer's origins, less attention has been given to the primary cause of cancer deaths - cancer recurrences and their sequelae. This interdisciplinary review addresses mechanistic features of aggressive cancer by studying metabolic enzyme patterns within ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast lesions. DCIS lesions from patients who did or did not experience a breast cancer recurrence were compared. Several proteins, including phospho-Ser226-glucose transporter type 1, phosphofructokinase type L and phosphofructokinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase type 4 are found in nucleoli of ductal epithelial cells in samples from patients who will not subsequently recur, but traffic to the cell periphery in samples from patients who will experience a cancer recurrence. Large co-clusters of enzymes near plasmalemmata will enhance product formation because enzyme concentrations in clusters are very high while solvent molecules and solutes diffuse through small channels. These structural changes will accelerate aerobic glycolysis. Agglomerations of pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione synthesis enzymes enhance GSH formation. As aggressive cancer lesions are incomplete at early stages, they may be unrecognizable. We have found that machine learning provides superior analyses of tissue images and may be used to identify biomarker patterns associated with recurrent and non-recurrent patients with high accuracy. This suggests a new prognostic test to predict DCIS patients who are likely to recur and those who are at low risk for recurrence. Mechanistic interpretations provide a deeper understanding of anti-cancer drug action and suggest that aggressive metastatic cancer cells are sensitive to reductive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard R Petty
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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10
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Takács-Vellai K, Farkas Z, Ősz F, Stewart GW. Model systems in SDHx-related pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1177-1201. [PMID: 34957538 PMCID: PMC8825606 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) (together PPGL) are tumors with poor outcomes that arise from neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal gland, and sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia outside the adrenal gland, respectively. Many follow germline mutations in genes coding for subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a tetrameric enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle that both converts succinate to fumarate and participates in electron transport. Germline SDH subunit B (SDHB) mutations have a high metastatic potential. Herein, we review the spectrum of model organisms that have contributed hugely to our understanding of SDH dysfunction. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), succinate accumulation inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzymes leading to DNA demethylation. In the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, mutated SDH creates developmental abnormalities, metabolic rewiring, an energy deficit and oxygen hypersensitivity (the latter is also found in Drosophila melanogaster). In the zebrafish Danio rerio, sdhb mutants display a shorter lifespan with defective energy metabolism. Recently, SDHB-deficient pheochromocytoma has been cultivated in xenografts and has generated cell lines, which can be traced back to a heterozygous SDHB-deficient rat. We propose that a combination of such models can be efficiently and effectively used in both pathophysiological studies and drug-screening projects in order to find novel strategies in PPGL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsolt Farkas
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Ősz
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gordon W Stewart
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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11
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Flores-Cotera LB, Chávez-Cabrera C, Martínez-Cárdenas A, Sánchez S, García-Flores OU. Deciphering the mechanism by which the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma responds adaptively to environmental, nutritional, and genetic cues. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:kuab048. [PMID: 34302341 PMCID: PMC8788774 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phaffia rhodozyma is a basidiomycetous yeast that synthesizes astaxanthin (ASX), which is a powerful and highly valuable antioxidant carotenoid pigment. P. rhodozyma cells accrue ASX and gain an intense red-pink coloration when faced with stressful conditions such as nutrient limitations (e.g., nitrogen or copper), the presence of toxic substances (e.g., antimycin A), or are affected by mutations in the genes that are involved in nitrogen metabolism or respiration. Since cellular accrual of ASX occurs under a wide variety of conditions, this yeast represents a valuable model for studying the growth conditions that entail oxidative stress for yeast cells. Recently, we proposed that ASX synthesis can be largely induced by conditions that lead to reduction-oxidation (redox) imbalances, particularly the state of the NADH/NAD+ couple together with an oxidative environment. In this work, we review the multiple known conditions that elicit ASX synthesis expanding on the data that we formerly examined. When considered alongside the Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, the study served to rationalize the induction of ASX synthesis and other adaptive cellular processes under a much broader set of conditions. Our aim was to propose an underlying mechanism that explains how a broad range of divergent conditions converge to induce ASX synthesis in P. rhodozyma. The mechanism that links the induction of ASX synthesis with the occurrence of NADH/NAD+ imbalances may help in understanding how other organisms detect any of a broad array of stimuli or gene mutations, and then adaptively respond to activate numerous compensatory cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Cipriano Chávez-Cabrera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Anahi Martínez-Cárdenas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México city 04510, México
| | - Oscar Ulises García-Flores
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
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12
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Yamagishi JF, Hatakeyama TS. Microeconomics of Metabolism: The Warburg Effect as Giffen Behaviour. Bull Math Biol 2021; 83:120. [PMID: 34718881 PMCID: PMC8558188 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-021-00952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic behaviours of proliferating cells are often explained as a consequence of rational optimization of cellular growth rate, whereas microeconomics formulates consumption behaviours as optimization problems. Here, we pushed beyond the analogy to precisely map metabolism onto the theory of consumer choice. We thereby revealed the correspondence between long-standing mysteries in both fields: the Warburg effect, a seemingly wasteful but ubiquitous strategy where cells favour aerobic glycolysis over more energetically efficient oxidative phosphorylation, and Giffen behaviour, the unexpected consumer behaviour where a good is demanded more as its price rises. We identified the minimal, universal requirements for the Warburg effect: a trade-off between oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis and complementarity, i.e. impossibility of substitution for different metabolites. Thus, various hypotheses for the Warburg effect are integrated into an identical optimization problem with the same universal structure. Besides, the correspondence between the Warburg effect and Giffen behaviour implies that oxidative phosphorylation is counter-intuitively stimulated when its efficiency is decreased by metabolic perturbations such as drug administration or mitochondrial dysfunction; the concept of Giffen behaviour bridges the Warburg effect and the reverse Warburg effect. This highlights that the application of microeconomics to metabolism can offer new predictions and paradigms for both biology and economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei F Yamagishi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro S Hatakeyama
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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13
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Yang R, Ying G, Li B. Potential of electron transfer and its application in dictating routes of biochemical processes associated with metabolic reprogramming. Front Med 2021; 15:679-692. [PMID: 34302614 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, such as abnormal utilization of glucose, addiction to glutamine, and increased de-novo lipid synthesis, extensively occurs in proliferating cancer cells, but the underneath rationale has remained to be elucidated. Based on the concept of the degree of reduction of a compound, we have recently proposed a calculation termed as potential of electron transfer (PET), which is used to characterize the degree of electron redistribution coupled with metabolic transformations. When this calculation is combined with the assumed model of electron balance in a cellular context, the enforced selective reprogramming could be predicted by examining the net changes of the PET values associated with the biochemical pathways in anaerobic metabolism. Some interesting properties of PET in cancer cells were also discussed, and the model was extended to uncover the chemical nature underlying aerobic glycolysis that essentially results from energy requirement and electron balance. Enabling electron transfer could drive metabolic reprogramming in cancer metabolism. Therefore, the concept and model established on electron transfer could guide the treatment strategies of tumors and future studies on cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Binghui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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14
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Miallot R, Galland F, Millet V, Blay JY, Naquet P. Metabolic landscapes in sarcomas. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:114. [PMID: 34294128 PMCID: PMC8296645 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring offers novel therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Until recently, there was scant information regarding soft tissue sarcomas, due to their heterogeneous tissue origin, histological definition and underlying genetic history. Novel large-scale genomic and metabolomics approaches are now helping stratify their physiopathology. In this review, we show how various genetic alterations skew activation pathways and orient metabolic rewiring in sarcomas. We provide an update on the contribution of newly described mechanisms of metabolic regulation. We underscore mechanisms that are relevant to sarcomagenesis or shared with other cancers. We then discuss how diverse metabolic landscapes condition the tumor microenvironment, anti-sarcoma immune responses and prognosis. Finally, we review current attempts to control sarcoma growth using metabolite-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Miallot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Millet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 1, Lyon Recherche Innovation contre le Cancer, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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15
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Kocsis Á, Pasztorek M, Rossmanith E, Djinovic Z, Mayr T, Spitz S, Zirath H, Ertl P, Fischer MB. Dependence of mitochondrial function on the filamentous actin cytoskeleton in cultured mesenchymal stem cells treated with cytochalasin B. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:310-320. [PMID: 34175199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capability, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold enormous potential in regenerative medicine. A prerequisite for a successful MSC therapy is the rigorous investigation of their function after in vitro cultivation. Damages introduced to mitochondria during cultivation adversely affect MSCs function and can determine their fate. While it has been shown that microtubules and vimentin intermediate filaments are important for mitochondrial dynamics and active mitochondrial transport within the cytoplasm of MSCs, the role of filamentous actin in this process has not been fully understood yet. To gain a deeper understanding of the interdependence between mitochondrial function and the cytoskeleton, we applied cytochalasin B to disturb the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton of MSCs. In this study we combined conventional functional assays with a state-of-the-art oxygen sensor-integrated microfluidic device to investigate mitochondrial function. We demonstrated that cytochalasin B treatment at a dose of 16 μM led to a decrease in cell viability with high mitochondrial membrane potential, increased oxygen consumption rate, disturbed fusion and fission balance, nuclear extrusion and perinuclear accumulation of mitochondria. Treatment of MSCs for 48 h ultimately led to nuclear fragmentation, and activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death. Importantly, we could show that mitochondrial function of MSCs can efficiently recover from the damage to the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton over a period of 24 h. As a result of our study, a causative connection between the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton and mitochondrial dynamics was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Kocsis
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Markus Pasztorek
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Eva Rossmanith
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Zoran Djinovic
- ACMIT Gmbh (Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology), Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2/1, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9 / II + III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Helene Zirath
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria; Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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16
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Borst P. The malate-aspartate shuttle (Borst cycle): How it started and developed into a major metabolic pathway. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2241-2259. [PMID: 32916028 PMCID: PMC7693074 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a personal and critical review of the history of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), starting in 1962 and ending in 2020. The MAS was initially proposed as a route for the oxidation of cytosolic NADH by the mitochondria in Ehrlich ascites cell tumor lacking other routes, and to explain the need for a mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 [GOT2]). The MAS was soon adopted in the field as a major pathway for NADH oxidation in mammalian tissues, such as liver and heart, even though the energetics of the MAS remained a mystery. Only in the 1970s, LaNoue and coworkers discovered that the efflux of aspartate from mitochondria, an essential step in the MAS, is dependent on the proton-motive force generated by the respiratory chain: for every aspartate effluxed, mitochondria take up one glutamate and one proton. This makes the MAS in practice uni-directional toward oxidation of cytosolic NADH, and explains why the free NADH/NAD ratio is much higher in the mitochondria than in the cytosol. The MAS is still a very active field of research. Most recently, the focus has been on the role of the MAS in tumors, on cells with defects in mitochondria and on inborn errors in the MAS. The year 2019 saw the discovery of two new inborn errors in the MAS, deficiencies in malate dehydrogenase 1 and in aspartate transaminase 2 (GOT2). This illustrates the vitality of ongoing MAS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Borst
- Division of Cell BiologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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17
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Rigoulet M, Bouchez CL, Paumard P, Ransac S, Cuvellier S, Duvezin-Caubet S, Mazat JP, Devin A. Cell energy metabolism: An update. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148276. [PMID: 32717222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In living cells, growth is the result of coupling between substrate catabolism and multiple metabolic processes that take place during net biomass formation and maintenance processes. During growth, both ATP/ADP and NADH/NAD+ molecules play a key role. Cell energy metabolism hence refers to metabolic pathways involved in ATP synthesis linked to NADH turnover. Two main pathways are thus involved in cell energy metabolism: glycolysis/fermentation and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are intertwined through thermodynamic and kinetic constraints that are reviewed herein. Further, our current knowledge of short-term and long term regulation of cell energy metabolism will be reviewed using examples such as the Crabtree and the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rigoulet
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - C L Bouchez
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - P Paumard
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Ransac
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Cuvellier
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Duvezin-Caubet
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - J P Mazat
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Devin
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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18
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Komanetsky SM, Hedrick V, Sobreira T, Aryal UK, Kim SQ, Kim KH. Proteomic identification of aerobic glycolysis as a potential metabolic target for methylglyoxal in adipocytes. Nutr Res 2020; 80:66-77. [PMID: 32698053 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by metabolic changes in adipocytes that are closely associated with metabolic disease. Although high sugar consumption contributes to obesity, it may also directly affect adipocytes by increasing the rate of glycolysis and formation of the glycolytic by-product methylglyoxal (MG). MG is a reactive dicarbonyl that irreversibly damages proteins and other cellular components. Although the accumulation of MG is clinically associated with hyperglycemia and diabetic complications, a better understanding of how proteins are regulated by MG is needed to evaluate its role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Because adipocytes rely heavily on glycolysis for glucose disposal, we hypothesized that prolonged MG treatment at nontoxic concentrations would impact the landscape of proteins involved in glucose metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with MG (100 μmol/L) and used comparative proteomics to assess the effects. We identified 25 differentially expressed proteins in adipocytes treated with MG compared to the control. Our results suggested that MG induced metabolic changes typically associated with aerobic glycolysis, including a lowered expression of proteins involved in oxidative metabolism and increased expression of the glycolytic enzymes L-lactate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The detection of increased lactate secreted into the culture media of adipocytes treated with MG further supported these findings, as did gene expression analysis. In summary, these results indicate MG as a metabolic contributor to aerobic glycolysis in adipocytes, a potential adaptive response to increased glucose flux which over time could lead to permanent metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Komanetsky
- Department of Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Victoria Hedrick
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tiago Sobreira
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sora Q Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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19
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Mitochondrial function in immune cells in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165845. [PMID: 32473386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the main functions of mitochondria is production of ATP for cellular energy needs, however, it becomes more recognized that mitochondria are involved in differentiation and activation processes of immune cells. Upon activation, immune cells have a high need for energy. Immune cells have different strategies to generate this energy. In pro-inflammatory cells, such as activated monocytes and activated T and B cells, the energy is generated by increasing glycolysis, while in regulatory cells, such as regulatory T cells or M2 macrophages, energy is generated by increasing mitochondrial function and beta-oxidation. Except for being important for energy supply during activation, mitochondria also induce immune responses. During an infection, they release mitochondrial danger associated molecules (DAMPs) that resemble structures of bacterial derived pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Such mitochondrial DAMPS are for instance mitochondrial DNA with hypomethylated CpG motifs or a specific lipid that is only present in prokaryotic bacteria and mitochondria, i.e. cardiolipin. Via release of such DAMPs, mitochondria guide the immune response towards an inflammatory response against pathogens. This is an important mechanism in early detection of an infection and in stimulating and sustaining immune responses to fight infections. However, mitochondrial DAMPs may also have a negative impact. If mitochondrial DAMPs are released by damaged cells, without the presence of an infection, such as after a trauma, mitochondrial DAMPs may induce an undesired inflammatory response, resulting in tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Thus, immune cells have developed mechanisms to prevent such undesired immune activation by mitochondrial components. In the present narrative review, we will describe the current view of mitochondria in regulation of immune responses. We will also discuss the current knowledge on disturbed mitochondrial function in immune cells in various immunological diseases.
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20
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Kamrad S, Grossbach J, Rodríguez‐López M, Mülleder M, Townsend S, Cappelletti V, Stojanovski G, Correia‐Melo C, Picotti P, Beyer A, Ralser M, Bähler J. Pyruvate kinase variant of fission yeast tunes carbon metabolism, cell regulation, growth and stress resistance. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9270. [PMID: 32319721 PMCID: PMC7175467 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells balance glycolysis with respiration to support their metabolic needs in different environmental or physiological contexts. With abundant glucose, many cells prefer to grow by aerobic glycolysis or fermentation. Using 161 natural isolates of fission yeast, we investigated the genetic basis and phenotypic effects of the fermentation-respiration balance. The laboratory and a few other strains depended more on respiration. This trait was associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism in a conserved region of Pyk1, the sole pyruvate kinase in fission yeast. This variant reduced Pyk1 activity and glycolytic flux. Replacing the "low-activity" pyk1 allele in the laboratory strain with the "high-activity" allele was sufficient to increase fermentation and decrease respiration. This metabolic rebalancing triggered systems-level adjustments in the transcriptome and proteome and in cellular traits, including increased growth and chronological lifespan but decreased resistance to oxidative stress. Thus, low Pyk1 activity does not lead to a growth advantage but to stress tolerance. The genetic tuning of glycolytic flux may reflect an adaptive trade-off in a species lacking pyruvate kinase isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kamrad
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & EnvironmentInstitute of Healthy AgeingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jan Grossbach
- CECADMedical Faculty & Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Maria Rodríguez‐López
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & EnvironmentInstitute of Healthy AgeingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Charité University MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - StJohn Townsend
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & EnvironmentInstitute of Healthy AgeingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Valentina Cappelletti
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Systems BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Gorjan Stojanovski
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & EnvironmentInstitute of Healthy AgeingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Clara Correia‐Melo
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Paola Picotti
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Systems BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Beyer
- CECADMedical Faculty & Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine CologneCologneGermany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Charité University MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Jürg Bähler
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & EnvironmentInstitute of Healthy AgeingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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21
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Dai Z, Yang S, Xu L, Hu H, Liao K, Wang J, Wang Q, Gao S, Li B, Lai L. Identification of Cancer-associated metabolic vulnerabilities by modeling multi-objective optimality in metabolism. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:124. [PMID: 31601242 PMCID: PMC6785927 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells undergo global reprogramming of cellular metabolism to satisfy demands of energy and biomass during proliferation and metastasis. Computational modeling of genome-scale metabolic models is an effective approach for designing new therapeutics targeting dysregulated cancer metabolism by identifying metabolic enzymes crucial for satisfying metabolic goals of cancer cells, but nearly all previous studies neglect the existence of metabolic demands other than biomass synthesis and trade-offs between these contradicting metabolic demands. It is thus necessary to develop computational models covering multiple metabolic objectives to study cancer metabolism and identify novel metabolic targets. METHODS We developed a multi-objective optimization model for cancer cell metabolism at genome-scale and an integrated, data-driven workflow for analyzing the Pareto optimality of this model in achieving multiple metabolic goals and identifying metabolic enzymes crucial for maintaining cancer-associated metabolic phenotypes. Using this workflow, we constructed cell line-specific models for a panel of cancer cell lines and identified lists of metabolic targets promoting or suppressing cancer cell proliferation or the Warburg Effect. The targets were then validated using knockdown and over-expression experiments in cultured cancer cell lines. RESULTS We found that the multi-objective optimization model correctly predicted phenotypes including cell growth rates, essentiality of metabolic genes and cell line specific sensitivities to metabolic perturbations. To our surprise, metabolic enzymes promoting proliferation substantially overlapped with those suppressing the Warburg Effect, suggesting that simply targeting the overlapping enzymes may lead to complicated outcomes. We also identified lists of metabolic enzymes important for maintaining rapid proliferation or high Warburg Effect while having little effect on the other. The importance of these enzymes in cancer metabolism predicted by the model was validated by their association with cancer patient survival and knockdown and overexpression experiments in a variety of cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm this multi-objective optimization model as a novel and effective approach for studying trade-off between metabolic demands of cancer cells and identifying cancer-associated metabolic vulnerabilities, and suggest novel metabolic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Dai
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiyu Yang
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongrong Hu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kun Liao
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianghuang Wang
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuaishi Gao
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Luhua Lai
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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22
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The Fate of Glutamine in Human Metabolism. The Interplay with Glucose in Proliferating Cells. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9050081. [PMID: 31027329 PMCID: PMC6571637 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-scale models of metabolism (GEM) are used to study how metabolism varies in different physiological conditions. However, the great number of reactions involved in GEM makes it difficult to understand these variations. In order to have a more understandable tool, we developed a reduced metabolic model of central carbon and nitrogen metabolism, C2M2N with 77 reactions, 54 internal metabolites, and 3 compartments, taking into account the actual stoichiometry of the reactions, including the stoichiometric role of the cofactors and the irreversibility of some reactions. In order to model oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) functioning, the proton gradient through the inner mitochondrial membrane is represented by two pseudometabolites DPH (∆pH) and DPSI (∆ψ). To illustrate the interest of such a reduced and quantitative model of metabolism in mammalian cells, we used flux balance analysis (FBA) to study all the possible fates of glutamine in metabolism. Our analysis shows that glutamine can supply carbon sources for cell energy production and can be used as carbon and nitrogen sources to synthesize essential metabolites. Finally, we studied the interplay between glucose and glutamine for the formation of cell biomass according to ammonia microenvironment. We then propose a quantitative analysis of the Warburg effect.
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Mazat JP, Ransac S. The Fate of Glutamine in Human Metabolism. The Interplay with Glucose in Proliferating Cells. Metabolites 2019. [PMID: 31027329 DOI: 10.1101/477224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-scale models of metabolism (GEM) are used to study how metabolism varies in different physiological conditions. However, the great number of reactions involved in GEM makes it difficult to understand these variations. In order to have a more understandable tool, we developed a reduced metabolic model of central carbon and nitrogen metabolism, C2M2N with 77 reactions, 54 internal metabolites, and 3 compartments, taking into account the actual stoichiometry of the reactions, including the stoichiometric role of the cofactors and the irreversibility of some reactions. In order to model oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) functioning, the proton gradient through the inner mitochondrial membrane is represented by two pseudometabolites DPH (∆pH) and DPSI (∆ψ). To illustrate the interest of such a reduced and quantitative model of metabolism in mammalian cells, we used flux balance analysis (FBA) to study all the possible fates of glutamine in metabolism. Our analysis shows that glutamine can supply carbon sources for cell energy production and can be used as carbon and nitrogen sources to synthesize essential metabolites. Finally, we studied the interplay between glucose and glutamine for the formation of cell biomass according to ammonia microenvironment. We then propose a quantitative analysis of the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Mazat
- IBGC CNRS UMR 5095 & Université de Bordeaux, 1, rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux-CEDEX, France.
| | - Stéphane Ransac
- IBGC CNRS UMR 5095 & Université de Bordeaux, 1, rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux-CEDEX, France.
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Gaude E, Schmidt C, Gammage PA, Dugourd A, Blacker T, Chew SP, Saez-Rodriguez J, O'Neill JS, Szabadkai G, Minczuk M, Frezza C. NADH Shuttling Couples Cytosolic Reductive Carboxylation of Glutamine with Glycolysis in Cells with Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Mol Cell 2019; 69:581-593.e7. [PMID: 29452638 PMCID: PMC5823973 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The bioenergetics and molecular determinants of the metabolic response to mitochondrial dysfunction are incompletely understood, in part due to a lack of appropriate isogenic cellular models of primary mitochondrial defects. Here, we capitalize on a recently developed cell model with defined levels of m.8993T>G mutation heteroplasmy, mTUNE, to investigate the metabolic underpinnings of mitochondrial dysfunction. We found that impaired utilization of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by the mitochondrial respiratory chain leads to cytosolic reductive carboxylation of glutamine as a new mechanism for cytosol-confined NADH recycling supported by malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1). We also observed that increased glycolysis in cells with mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with increased cell migration in an MDH1-dependent fashion. Our results describe a novel link between glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by reductive carboxylation of glutamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Gaude
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Payam A Gammage
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Blacker
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sew Peak Chew
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - John S O'Neill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padua 35121, Italy; The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.
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Shan M, Dai D, Vudem A, Varner JD, Stroock AD. Multi-scale computational study of the Warburg effect, reverse Warburg effect and glutamine addiction in solid tumors. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006584. [PMID: 30532226 PMCID: PMC6285468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolism has received renewed interest as a potential target for cancer therapy. In this study, we use a multi-scale modeling approach to interrogate the implications of three metabolic scenarios of potential clinical relevance: the Warburg effect, the reverse Warburg effect and glutamine addiction. At the intracellular level, we construct a network of central metabolism and perform flux balance analysis (FBA) to estimate metabolic fluxes; at the cellular level, we exploit this metabolic network to calculate parameters for a coarse-grained description of cellular growth kinetics; and at the multicellular level, we incorporate these kinetic schemes into the cellular automata of an agent-based model (ABM), iDynoMiCS. This ABM evaluates the reaction-diffusion of the metabolites, cellular division and motion over a simulation domain. Our multi-scale simulations suggest that the Warburg effect provides a growth advantage to the tumor cells under resource limitation. However, we identify a non-monotonic dependence of growth rate on the strength of glycolytic pathway. On the other hand, the reverse Warburg scenario provides an initial growth advantage in tumors that originate deeper in the tissue. The metabolic profile of stromal cells considered in this scenario allows more oxygen to reach the tumor cells in the deeper tissue and thus promotes tumor growth at earlier stages. Lastly, we suggest that glutamine addiction does not confer a selective advantage to tumor growth with glutamine acting as a carbon source in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, any advantage of glutamine uptake must come through other pathways not included in our model (e.g., as a nitrogen donor). Our analysis illustrates the importance of accounting explicitly for spatial and temporal evolution of tumor microenvironment in the interpretation of metabolic scenarios and hence provides a basis for further studies, including evaluation of specific therapeutic strategies that target metabolism. Cancer metabolism is an emerging hallmark of cancer. In the past decade, a renewed focus on cancer metabolism has led to several distinct hypotheses describing the role of metabolism in cancer. To complement experimental efforts in this field, a scale-bridging computational framework is needed to allow rapid evaluation of emerging hypotheses in cancer metabolism. In this study, we present a multi-scale modeling platform and demonstrate the distinct outcomes in population-scale growth dynamics under different metabolic scenarios: the Warburg effect, the reverse Warburg effect and glutamine addiction. Within this modeling framework, we confirmed population-scale growth advantage enabled by the Warburg effect, provided insights into the symbiosis between stromal cells and tumor cells in the reverse Warburg effect and argued that the anaplerotic role of glutamine is not exploited by tumor cells to gain growth advantage under resource limitations. We point to the opportunity for this framework to help understand tissue-scale response to therapeutic strategies that target cancer metabolism while accounting for the tumor complexity at multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrou Shan
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MS); (ADS)
| | - David Dai
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Arunodai Vudem
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Varner
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Abraham D. Stroock
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MS); (ADS)
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26
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Liu X, Cooper DE, Cluntun AA, Warmoes MO, Zhao S, Reid MA, Liu J, Lund PJ, Lopes M, Garcia BA, Wellen KE, Kirsch DG, Locasale JW. Acetate Production from Glucose and Coupling to Mitochondrial Metabolism in Mammals. Cell 2018; 175:502-513.e13. [PMID: 30245009 PMCID: PMC6173642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetate is a major nutrient that supports acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) metabolism and thus lipogenesis and protein acetylation. However, its source is unclear. Here, we report that pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis and key node in central carbon metabolism, quantitatively generates acetate in mammals. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced in the context of nutritional excess, such as during hyperactive glucose metabolism. Conversion of pyruvate to acetate occurs through two mechanisms: (1) coupling to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (2) neomorphic enzyme activity from keto acid dehydrogenases that enable function as pyruvate decarboxylases. Further, we demonstrate that de novo acetate production sustains Ac-CoA pools and cell proliferation in limited metabolic environments, such as during mitochondrial dysfunction or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) deficiency. By virtue of de novo acetate production being coupled to mitochondrial metabolism, there are numerous possible regulatory mechanisms and links to pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ahmad A Cluntun
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marc O Warmoes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael A Reid
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Peder J Lund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariana Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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27
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Interaction of the cryptic fragment of myelin basic protein with mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion-selective channel-1 affects cell energy metabolism. Biochem J 2018; 475:2355-2376. [PMID: 29954845 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In demyelinating nervous system disorders, myelin basic protein (MBP), a major component of the myelin sheath, is proteolyzed and its fragments are released in the neural environment. Here, we demonstrated that, in contrast with MBP, the cellular uptake of the cryptic 84-104 epitope (MBP84-104) did not involve the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1, a scavenger receptor. Our pull-down assay, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling studies suggested that, similar with many other unfolded and aberrant proteins and peptides, the internalized MBP84-104 was capable of binding to the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel-1 (VDAC-1), a mitochondrial porin. Molecular modeling suggested that MBP84-104 directly binds to the N-terminal α-helix located midway inside the 19 β-blade barrel of VDAC-1. These interactions may have affected the mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism in multiple cell types. Notably, MBP84-104 caused neither cell apoptosis nor affected the total cellular ATP levels, but repressed the aerobic glycolysis (lactic acid fermentation) and decreased the l-lactate/d-glucose ratio (also termed as the Warburg effect) in normal and cancer cells. Overall, our findings implied that because of its interactions with VDAC-1, the cryptic MBP84-104 peptide invoked reprogramming of the cellular energy metabolism that favored enhanced cellular activity, rather than apoptotic cell death. We concluded that the released MBP84-104 peptide, internalized by the cells, contributes to the reprogramming of the energy-generating pathways in multiple cell types.
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28
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Tanner LB, Goglia AG, Wei MH, Sehgal T, Parsons LR, Park JO, White E, Toettcher JE, Rabinowitz JD. Four Key Steps Control Glycolytic Flux in Mammalian Cells. Cell Syst 2018; 7:49-62.e8. [PMID: 29960885 PMCID: PMC6062487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Altered glycolysis is a hallmark of diseases including diabetes and cancer. Despite intensive study of the contributions of individual glycolytic enzymes, systems-level analyses of flux control through glycolysis remain limited. Here, we overexpress in two mammalian cell lines the individual enzymes catalyzing each of the 12 steps linking extracellular glucose to excreted lactate, and find substantial flux control at four steps: glucose import, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and lactate export (and not at any steps of lower glycolysis). The four flux-controlling steps are specifically upregulated by the Ras oncogene: optogenetic Ras activation rapidly induces the transcription of isozymes catalyzing these four steps and enhances glycolysis. At least one isozyme catalyzing each of these four steps is consistently elevated in human tumors. Thus, in the studied contexts, flux control in glycolysis is concentrated in four key enzymatic steps. Upregulation of these steps in tumors likely underlies the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bahati Tanner
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alexander G Goglia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Monica H Wei
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Talen Sehgal
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lance R Parsons
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Junyoung O Park
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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29
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Zhu C, Martin HL, Crouch BT, Martinez AF, Li M, Palmer GM, Dewhirst MW, Ramanujam N. Near-simultaneous quantification of glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and vascular parameters in murine flank tumors using quantitative diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3399-3412. [PMID: 29984105 PMCID: PMC6033552 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The shifting metabolic landscape of aggressive tumors, with fluctuating oxygenation conditions and temporal changes in glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, is a critical phenomenon to study in order to understand negative treatment outcomes. Recently, we have demonstrated near-simultaneous optical imaging of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and glucose uptake in non-tumor window chambers, using the fluorescent probes tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and 2-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG). Here, we demonstrate a complementary technique to perform near-simultaneous in vivo optical spectroscopy of tissue vascular parameters, glucose uptake, and MMP in a solid tumor model that is most often used for therapeutic studies. Our study demonstrates the potential of optical spectroscopy as an effective tool to quantify the vascular and metabolic characteristics of a tumor, which is an important step towards understanding the mechanisms underlying cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hannah L. Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brian T. Crouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Amy F. Martinez
- Currently with Office of Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gregory M. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nimmi Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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30
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Martínez-Cárdenas A, Chávez-Cabrera C, Vasquez-Bahena JM, Flores-Cotera LB. A common mechanism explains the induction of aerobic fermentation and adaptive antioxidant response in Phaffia rhodozyma. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:53. [PMID: 29615045 PMCID: PMC5883411 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growth conditions that bring about stress on Phaffia rhodozyma cells encourage the synthesis of astaxanthin, an antioxidant carotenoid, which protects cells against oxidative damage. Using P. rhodozyma cultures performed with and without copper limitation, we examined the kinetics of astaxanthin synthesis along with the expression of asy, the key astaxanthin synthesis gene, as well as aox, which encodes an alternative oxidase protein. Results Copper deficiency had a detrimental effect on the rates of oxygen consumption and ethanol reassimilation at the diauxic shift. In contrast, copper deficiency prompted alcoholic fermentation under aerobic conditions and had a favorable effect on the astaxanthin content of cells, as well as on aox expression. Both cultures exhibited strong aox expression while consuming ethanol, but particularly when copper was absent. Conclusion We show that the induction of either astaxanthin production, aox expression, or aerobic fermentation exemplifies the crucial role that redox imbalance plays in triggering any of these phenomena. Based on our own results and data from others, we propose a mechanism that rationalizes the central role played by changes of respiratory activity, which lead to redox imbalances, in triggering both the short-term antioxidant response as well as fermentation in yeasts and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Martínez-Cárdenas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cipriano Chávez-Cabrera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.,College of Science and Technology Studies of the State of Michoacán, Loma de las Liebres 180, Fraccionamiento Lomas del Sur, 58095, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jazmín M Vasquez-Bahena
- Avi-mex Laboratory S.A de C.V, Trigo 169, Col. Granjas Esmeralda, 09810, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis B Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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31
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Fan X, Liu H, Liu M, Wang Y, Qiu L, Cui Y. Increased utilization of fructose has a positive effect on the development of breast cancer. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3804. [PMID: 28970966 PMCID: PMC5622605 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid proliferation and Warburg effect make cancer cells consume plenty of glucose, which induces a low glucose micro-environment within the tumor. Up to date, how cancer cells keep proliferating in the condition of glucose insufficiency still remains to be explored. Recent studies have revealed a close correlation between excessive fructose consumption and breast cancer genesis and progression, but there is no convincing evidence showing that fructose could directly promote breast cancer development. Herein, we found that fructose, not amino acids, could functionally replace glucose to support proliferation of breast cancer cells. Fructose endowed breast cancer cells with the colony formation ability and migratory capacity as effective as glucose. Interestingly, although fructose was readily used by breast cancer cells, it failed to restore proliferation of non-tumor cells in the absence of glucose. These results suggest that fructose could be relatively selectively employed by breast cancer cells. Indeed, we observed that a main transporter of fructose, GLUT5, was highly expressed in breast cancer cells and tumor tissues but not in their normal counterparts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the fructose diet promoted metastasis of 4T1 cells in the mouse models. Taken together, our data show that fructose can be used by breast cancer cells specifically in glucose-deficiency, and suggest that the high-fructose diet could accelerate the progress of breast cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajing Fan
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongru Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfen Cui
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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32
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Linke M, Fritsch SD, Sukhbaatar N, Hengstschläger M, Weichhart T. mTORC1 and mTORC2 as regulators of cell metabolism in immunity. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3089-3103. [PMID: 28600802 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that senses intra- and extracellular nutrients, growth factors, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns to regulate the function of innate and adaptive immune cell populations. In this review, we focus on the role of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 in the regulation of the cellular energy metabolism of these immune cells to regulate and support immune responses. In this regard, mTORC1 and mTORC2 generally promote an anabolic response by stimulating protein synthesis, glycolysis, mitochondrial functions, and lipid synthesis to influence proliferation and survival, effector and memory responses, innate training and tolerance as well as hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Deactivation of mTOR restores cell homeostasis after immune activation and optimizes antigen presentation and memory T-cell generation. These findings show that the mTOR pathway integrates spatiotemporal information of the environmental and cellular energy status by regulating cellular metabolic responses to guide immune cell activation. Elucidation of the metabolic control mechanisms of immune responses will help to generate a systemic understanding of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Linke
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Deborah Fritsch
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nyamdelger Sukhbaatar
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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33
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Fernandez-de-Cossio-Diaz J, De Martino A, Mulet R. Microenvironmental cooperation promotes early spread and bistability of a Warburg-like phenotype. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3103. [PMID: 28596605 PMCID: PMC5465218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce an in silico model for the initial spread of an aberrant phenotype with Warburg-like overflow metabolism within a healthy homeostatic tissue in contact with a nutrient reservoir (the blood), aimed at characterizing the role of the microenvironment for aberrant growth. Accounting for cellular metabolic activity, competition for nutrients, spatial diffusion and their feedbacks on aberrant replication and death rates, we obtain a phase portrait where distinct asymptotic whole-tissue states are found upon varying the tissue-blood turnover rate and the level of blood-borne primary nutrient. Over a broad range of parameters, the spreading dynamics is bistable as random fluctuations can impact the final state of the tissue. Such a behaviour turns out to be linked to the re-cycling of overflow products by non-aberrant cells. Quantitative insight on the overall emerging picture is provided by a spatially homogeneous version of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea De Martino
- Soft and Living Matter Lab, Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR-NANOTEC), Rome, Italy.
- Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy.
| | - Roberto Mulet
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Department of Theoretical Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, La Habana, Cuba
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Rodrigues-Silva E, Siqueira-Santos ES, Ruas JS, Ignarro RS, Figueira TR, Rogério F, Castilho RF. Evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory function in highly glycolytic glioma cells reveals low ADP phosphorylation in relation to oxidative capacity. J Neurooncol 2017; 133:519-529. [PMID: 28540666 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are aggressive and intensely glycolytic tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the mitochondrial respiratory function of glioma cells (T98G and U-87MG) and fresh human glioblastoma (GBM) tissue. To this end, measurements of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were performed under various experimental conditions. The OCR of T98G and U-87MG cells was well coupled to ADP phosphorylation based on the ratio of ATP produced per oxygen consumed of ~2.5. In agreement, the basal OCR of GBM tissue was also partially associated with ADP phosphorylation. The basal respiration of intact T98G and U-87MG cells was not limited by the supply of endogenous substrates, as indicated by the increased OCR in response to a protonophore. These cells also displayed a high affinity for oxygen, as evidenced by the values of the partial pressure of oxygen when respiration is half maximal (p 50). In permeabilized glioma cells, ADP-stimulated OCR was only approximately 50% of that obtained in the presence of protonophore, revealing a significant limitation in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) relative to the activity of the electron transport system (ETS). This characteristic was maintained when the cells were grown under low glucose conditions. Flux control coefficient analyses demonstrated that the impaired OXPHOS was associated with the function of both mitochondrial ATP synthase and the adenine nucleotide translocator, but not the phosphate carrier. Altogether, these data indicate that the availability and metabolism of respiratory substrates and mitochondrial ETS are preserved in T98G and U-87MG glioma cells even though these cells possess a relatively restrained OXPHOS capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rodrigues-Silva
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Edilene S Siqueira-Santos
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Ruas
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Raffaela S Ignarro
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago R Figueira
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rogério
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger F Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil.
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Abstract
Reliance on glutamine has long been considered a hallmark of cancer cell metabolism. However, some recent studies have challenged this notion in vivo, prompting a need for further clarifications on the role of glutamine metabolism in cancer. We find that there is ample evidence of an essential role for glutamine in tumors and that a variety of factors, including tissue type, the underlying cancer genetics, the tumor microenvironment and other variables such as diet and host physiology collectively influence the role of glutamine in cancer. Thus the requirements for glutamine in cancer are overall highly heterogeneous. In this review, we discuss the implications both for basic science and for targeting glutamine metabolism in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Cluntun
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular & Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Lukey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
Metabolic alterations including increased glycolysis are a common feature of many cancers. In their recent study, Lowengrub, Waterman, and colleagues (Lee et al, 2017) report a spatial pattern of glycolysis in solid tumors that occurs within the tumor microenvironment. This spatial organization is linked to gradients derived from Wnt signaling and nutrient availability that mediate a reaction‐diffusion mechanism and is consistent with a Turing‐type model of spatial localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Abdel-Haleem AM, Lewis NE, Jamshidi N, Mineta K, Gao X, Gojobori T. The Emerging Facets of Non-Cancerous Warburg Effect. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:279. [PMID: 29109698 PMCID: PMC5660072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect (WE), or aerobic glycolysis, is commonly recognized as a hallmark of cancer and has been extensively studied for potential anti-cancer therapeutics development. Beyond cancer, the WE plays an important role in many other cell types involved in immunity, angiogenesis, pluripotency, and infection by pathogens (e.g., malaria). Here, we review the WE in non-cancerous context as a "hallmark of rapid proliferation." We observe that the WE operates in rapidly dividing cells in normal and pathological states that are triggered by internal and external cues. Aerobic glycolysis is also the preferred metabolic program in the cases when robust transient responses are needed. We aim to draw attention to the potential of computational modeling approaches in systematic characterization of common metabolic features beyond the WE across physiological and pathological conditions. Identification of metabolic commonalities across various diseases may lead to successful repurposing of drugs and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa M. Abdel-Haleem
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan E. Lewis
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Neema Jamshidi
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katsuhiko Mineta
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Takashi Gojobori,
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