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Huang Z, Yan S, Li Y, Ju W, Wang P. Direct Counting and Imaging Chain Lengths of Lipids by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5815-5819. [PMID: 36943034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct counting and mapping the chain lengths of fatty acids on a microscopic scale are of particular importance but remain an unsolvable challenge. Although the current hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has gained exceptional capability in chemical imaging of the degree of desaturation, the complete lipid characterization, including the carbon chain length quantification, is awaiting a major breakthrough. Here, we pushed the spectral resolution limit of hyperspectral SRS microscopy to 5.4 cm-1 by employing a highly efficient spectral compressor, which achieved spectral narrowing of the fs laser without much energy loss. The SRS imaging with such high spectral resolution enabled us to differ eight types of saturated lipids with carbon chain lengths from C8:0 to C22:0 by interrogating their subtly red-shifting Raman bands of alkyl C-C gauche stretches between 1070 and 1110 cm-1. The SRS microscopy with superior spectral resolution will pave the way for comprehensive lipid characterization and contribute to uncovering the abnormal pathways of lipid metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Huang
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Ju
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, Zhejiang, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Paul A, Chanclón B, Brännmark C, Wittung-Stafshede P, Olofsson CS, Asterholm IW, Parekh SH. Comparing lipid remodeling of brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and liver after one-week high fat diet intervention with quantitative Raman microscopy. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:382-395. [PMID: 36715685 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) consists of highly metabolically active adipocytes that catabolize nutrients to produce heat. Playing an active role in triacylglycerol (TAG) clearance, research has shown that dietary fatty acids can modulate the TAG chemistry deposition in BAT after weeks-long dietary intervention, similar to what has been shown in white adipose tissue (WAT). Our objective was to compare the influence of sustained, nonchronic dietary intervention (a 1-week interval) on WAT and interscapular BAT lipid metabolism and deposition in situ. We use quantitative, label-free chemical microscopy to show that 1 week of high fat diet (HFD) intervention results in dramatically larger lipid droplet (LD) growth in BAT (and liver) compared to LD growth in inguinal WAT (IWAT). Moreover, BAT showed lipid remodeling as increased unsaturated TAGs in LDs, resembling the dietary lipid composition, while WAT (and liver) did not show lipid remodeling on this time scale. Concurrently, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, particularly desaturases, was reduced in BAT and liver from HFD-fed mice after 1 week. Our data show that BAT lipid chemistry remodels exceptionally fast to dietary lipid intervention compared WAT, which further points towards a role in TAG clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paul
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Brännmark
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotta S Olofsson
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sapun H Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Park CW, Jeon S, Kwon SH, Jung JH, Seol JE, Park CS, Cho SK, Ko DK. Comparative analysis of dermal collagen and lipids in cereblon ablated mice using a multimodal nonlinear optical system. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200139. [PMID: 36127858 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing a multimodal nonlinear optical system that combines coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and second harmonic generation to investigate biological characteristics of dermal tissues ex vivo, we demonstrate the potential feasibility of using this optical approach as a powerful new investigative tool for future biomedical research. For this study, our optical system was utilized for the first time to analyze lipid and collagen profiles in cereblon knockout (KO) mouse skin, and we were able to discover significant alterations in the number of carbon-carbon double bonds (wild-type vs. cereblon KO; NCC : 0.75 vs. 0.85) of skin fatty acids in triacylglycerides as well as changes in dermal collagen fibers (25% reduction in cereblon KO). By adopting our optical system to biological studies, we provide researchers with another diagnostic approach to validate their experimental results, which will significantly advance the state of biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Park
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seungje Jeon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
- Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Kwon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Jung
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Seol
- Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Chul-Seung Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Steve K Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Do-Kyeong Ko
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
- Research Center for Photon Science Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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4
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The role of ApoE-mediated microglial lipid metabolism in brain aging and disease. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM (SURREY, ENGLAND)) 2023; 5:e00018. [PMID: 36710921 PMCID: PMC9869962 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are a unique population of immune cells resident in the brain that integrate complex signals and dynamically change phenotypes in response to the brain microenvironment. In recent years, single-cell sequencing analyses have revealed profound cellular heterogeneity and context-specific transcriptional plasticity of microglia during brain development, aging, and disease. Emerging evidence suggests that microglia adapt phenotypic plasticity by flexibly reprogramming cellular metabolism to fulfill distinct immune functions. The control of lipid metabolism is central to the appropriate function and homeostasis of the brain. Microglial lipid metabolism regulated by apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a crucial lipid transporter in the brain, has emerged as a critical player in regulating neuroinflammation. The ApoE gene allelic variant, ε4, is associated with a greater risk for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we explore novel discoveries in microglial lipid metabolism mediated by ApoE. We elaborate on the functional impact of perturbed microglial lipid metabolism on the underlying pathogenesis of brain aging and disease.
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Chatterjee S, Maltseva D, Kan Y, Hosseini E, Gonella G, Bonn M, Parekh SH. Lipid-driven condensation and interfacial ordering of FUS. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7528. [PMID: 35930639 PMCID: PMC9355348 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein condensation into liquid-like structures is critical for cellular compartmentalization, RNA processing, and stress response. Research on protein condensation has primarily focused on membraneless organelles in the absence of lipids. However, the cellular cytoplasm is full of lipid interfaces, yet comparatively little is known about how lipids affect protein condensation. Here, we show that nonspecific interactions between lipids and the disordered fused in sarcoma low-complexity (FUS LC) domain strongly affect protein condensation. In the presence of anionic lipids, FUS LC formed lipid-protein clusters at concentrations more than 30-fold lower than required for pure FUS LC. Lipid-triggered FUS LC clusters showed less dynamic protein organization than canonical, lipid-free FUS LC condensates. Lastly, we found that phosphatidylserine membranes promoted FUS LC condensates having β sheet structures, while phosphatidylglycerol membranes initiated unstructured condensates. Our results show that lipids strongly influence FUS LC condensation, suggesting that protein-lipid interactions modulate condensate formation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Rd., Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, DE 55128, Germany
| | - Daria Maltseva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, DE 55128, Germany
| | - Yelena Kan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Rd., Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, DE 55128, Germany
- LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Elnaz Hosseini
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, DE 55128, Germany
| | - Grazia Gonella
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, DE 55128, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, DE 55128, Germany
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Rd., Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, DE 55128, Germany
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Patsenker E, Thangapandi VR, Knittelfelder O, Palladini A, Hefti M, Beil-Wagner J, Rogler G, Buch T, Shevchenko A, Hampe J, Stickel F. The Pnpla3 Variant I148M Reveals Protective Effects Towards Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice via Restoration of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109081. [PMID: 35691594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption and high caloric diet are leading causes of progressive fatty liver disease. Genetic variant rs738409 in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G) has been repeatedly described as one of the major risk loci for alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans, however, the mechanism behind this association is incompletely understood. We generated mice carrying the rs738409 variant (PNPLA3 I148M) in order to detect genotype-phenotype relationships in mice upon chow and alcohol-high fat/high sugar diet (EtOH/WD). We could clearly demonstrate that the presence of rs738409 per se is sufficient to induce spontaneous development of steatosis after one year in mice on a chow diet, whereas in the setting of unhealthy diet feeding, PNPLA3 I148M did not affect hepatic inflammation or fibrosis, but induced a striking lipid remodelling, microvesicular steatosis and protected from HCC formation. Using shot gun lipidomics, we detected a striking restoration of reduced long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA)-containing TGs, docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 n3) and omega-3-derived eicosanoids (5-HEPE, 20-HEPE, 19,20-EDP, 21-HDHA) in PNPLA3 I148M mice upon EtOH/WD. At the molecular level, PNPLA3 I148M modulated enzymes for fatty acid and TG transport and metabolism. These findings suggest (dietary) lipids as an important and independent driver of hepatic tumorigenesis. Genetic variant in PNPLA3 exerted protective effects in mice, conflicting with findings in humans. Species-related differences in physiology and metabolism should be taken into account when modelling unhealthy human lifestyle, as genetic mouse models may not always allow for translation of insight gained in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Patsenker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Veera Raghavan Thangapandi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, 01304 Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandra Palladini
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Hefti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jane Beil-Wagner
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, 01304 Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Daemen S, Gemmink A, Paul A, Billecke N, Rieger K, Parekh SH, Hesselink MKC. Label-free CARS microscopy reveals similar triacylglycerol acyl chain length and saturation in myocellular lipid droplets of athletes and individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2654-2664. [PMID: 32880685 PMCID: PMC7641925 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content associates with development of insulin resistance, albeit not in insulin-sensitive endurance-trained athletes (trained). Qualitative and spatial differences in muscle lipid composition may underlie this so-called athlete's paradox. Here we studied triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of individual myocellular lipid droplets (LDs) in trained individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Trained ([Formula: see text] 71.0 ± 1.6 ml O2 [kg lean body mass (LBM)]-1 min-1), normoglycaemic (fasting glucose 5.1 ± 0.1 mmol/l) individuals and untrained ([Formula: see text] 36.8 ± 1.5 ml O2 [kg LBM]-1 min-1) individuals with type 2 diabetes (fasting glucose 7.4 ± 0.5 mmol/l), with similar IMCL content (3.5 ± 0.7% vs 2.5 ± 0.3%, p = 0.241), but at opposite ends of the insulin sensitivity spectrum (glucose infusion rate 93.8 ± 6.6 vs 25.7 ± 5.3 μmol [kg LBM]-1 min-1 for trained individuals and those with type 2 diabetes, respectively) were included from our database in the present study. We applied in situ label-free broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy to sections from skeletal muscle biopsies to measure TAG acyl chain length and saturation of myocellular LDs. This approach uniquely permits examination of individual LDs in their native environment, in a fibre-type-specific manner, taking into account LD size and subcellular location. RESULTS Despite a significant difference in insulin sensitivity, we observed remarkably similar acyl chain length and saturation in trained and type 2 diabetic individuals (chain length: 18.12 ± 0.61 vs 18.36 ± 0.43 number of carbons; saturation: 0.37 ± 0.05 vs 0.38 ± 0.06 number of C=C bonds). Longer acyl chains or higher saturation (lower C=C number) could be detected in subpopulations of LDs, i.e. large LDs (chain length: 18.11 ± 0.48 vs 18.63 ± 0.57 carbon number) and subsarcolemmal LDs (saturation: 0.34 ± 0.02 vs 0.36 ± 0.04 C=C number), which are more abundant in individuals with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In contrast to reports of profound differences in the lipid composition of lipids extracted from skeletal muscle from trained and type 2 diabetic individuals, our in situ, LD-specific approach detected only modest differences in TAG composition in LD subpopulations, which were dependent on LD size and subcellular location. If, and to what extent, these modest differences can impact insulin sensitivity remains to be elucidated. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Daemen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Gemmink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Paul
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Chemical Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nils Billecke
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrina Rieger
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sapun H Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Takahashi H, Yanamisawa A, Kajimoto S, Nakabayashi T. Observation of the changes in the chemical composition of lipid droplets using Raman microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21646-21650. [PMID: 32985622 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the dynamics of lipid droplet formation induced by introducing cis- and/or trans-fatty acids into cells. Raman imaging allows the chemical analysis of each droplet, showing that exogenous fatty acids initially enter original endogenous droplets, then induce additional droplets containing endogenous lipids, and finally form their droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Aya Yanamisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kajimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takakazu Nakabayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Lipid droplets in prostate cancer cells and effect of irradiation studied by Raman microspectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chausse B, Kakimoto PA, Kann O. Microglia and lipids: how metabolism controls brain innate immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:137-144. [PMID: 32807643 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are universal sensors of alterations in CNS physiology. These cells integrate complex molecular signals and undergo comprehensive phenotypical remodeling to adapt inflammatory responses. In the last years, single-cell analyses have revealed that microglia exhibit diverse phenotypes during development, growth and disease. Emerging evidence suggests that such phenotype transitions are mediated by reprogramming of cell metabolism. Indeed, metabolic pathways are distinctively altered in activated microglia and are central nodes controlling microglial responses. Microglial lipid metabolism has been specifically involved in the control of microglial activation and effector functions, such as migration, phagocytosis and inflammatory signaling, and minor disturbances in microglial lipid handling associates with altered brain function in disorders featuring neuroinflammation. In this review, we explore new and relevant aspects of microglial metabolism in health and disease. We give special focus on how different branches of lipid metabolism, such as lipid sensing, synthesis and oxidation, integrate and control essential aspects of microglial biology, and how disturbances in these processes associate with aging and the pathogenesis of, for instance, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, challenges and advances in microglial lipid research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Chausse
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pamela A Kakimoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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