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Florova M, Abreu-Mota T, Paesen GC, Beetschen AS, Cornille K, Marx AF, Narr K, Sahin M, Dimitrova M, Swarnalekha N, Beil-Wagner J, Savic N, Pelczar P, Buch T, King CG, Bowden TA, Pinschewer DD. Central tolerance shapes the neutralizing B cell repertoire against a persisting virus in its natural host. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318657121. [PMID: 38446855 PMCID: PMC10945855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318657121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral mimicry of host cell structures has been postulated to curtail the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire against persisting viruses through tolerance mechanisms. This concept awaits, however, experimental testing in a setting of natural virus-host relationship. We engineered mouse models expressing a monoclonal BCR specific for the envelope glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a naturally persisting mouse pathogen. When the heavy chain of the LCMV-neutralizing antibody KL25 was paired with its unmutated ancestor light chain, most B cells underwent receptor editing, a behavior reminiscent of autoreactive clones. In contrast, monoclonal B cells expressing the same heavy chain in conjunction with the hypermutated KL25 light chain did not undergo receptor editing but exhibited low levels of surface IgM, suggesting that light chain hypermutation had lessened KL25 autoreactivity. Upon viral challenge, these IgMlow cells were not anergic but up-regulated IgM, participated in germinal center reactions, produced antiviral antibodies, and underwent immunoglobulin class switch as well as further affinity maturation. These studies on a persisting virus in its natural host species suggest that central tolerance mechanisms prune the protective antiviral B cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Florova
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel4009, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Abreu-Mota
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel4009, Switzerland
| | - Guido C. Paesen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Sophia Beetschen
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel4009, Switzerland
| | - Karen Cornille
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel4009, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Friederike Marx
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel4009, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Narr
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel4009, Switzerland
| | - Mehmet Sahin
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel4009, Switzerland
| | - Mirela Dimitrova
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel4009, Switzerland
| | - Nivedya Swarnalekha
- Department of Biomedicine, Immune Cell Biology Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, Basel4031, Switzerland
| | - Jane Beil-Wagner
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Natasa Savic
- ETH Phenomics Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Center for Transgenic Models, University of Basel, Basel4001, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn G. King
- Department of Biomedicine, Immune Cell Biology Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, Basel4031, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A. Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel D. Pinschewer
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel4009, Switzerland
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Schellhammer L, Beffinger M, Salazar U, Laman JD, Buch T, vom Berg J. Exit pathways of therapeutic antibodies from the brain and retention strategies. iScience 2023; 26:108132. [PMID: 37915602 PMCID: PMC10616392 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating brain diseases requires therapeutics to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which is nearly impermeable for large biologics such as antibodies. Several methods now facilitate crossing or circumventing the BBB for antibody therapeutics. Some of these exploit receptor-mediated transcytosis, others use direct delivery bypassing the BBB. However, successful delivery into the brain does not preclude exit back to the systemic circulation. Various mechanisms are implicated in the active and passive export of antibodies from the central nervous system. Here we review findings on active export via transcytosis of therapeutic antibodies - in particular, the role of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) - and discuss a possible contribution of passive efflux pathways such as lymphatic and perivascular drainage. We point out open questions and how to address these experimentally. In addition, we suggest how emerging findings could aid the design of the next generation of therapeutic antibodies for neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Schellhammer
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michal Beffinger
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- InCephalo AG, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ulisse Salazar
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jon D. Laman
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, the Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Johannes vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- InCephalo AG, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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Milchevskaya V, Bugnon P, Ten Buren EBJ, Vanhecke D, Brand F, Tresch A, Buch T. Group size planning for breedings of gene-modified mice and other organisms following Mendelian inheritance. Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:183-188. [PMID: 37488410 PMCID: PMC10393774 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Colony management of gene-modified animals is time-consuming, costly and affected by random events related to Mendelian genetics, fertility and litter size. Careful planning is mandatory to ensure successful outcomes using the least number of animals, hence adhering to the 3R principles of animal welfare. Here we have developed an R package, accessible also through an interactive public website, that optimizes breeding design by providing information about the optimal number of breedings needed to obtain defined breeding outcomes, taking into account specific species, strain, or line properties and success probability. Our software also enables breeding planning for balanced male-to-female ratio or single-sex experiments. We show that, for single-sex designs, the necessary number of breedings is at least doubled compared to the use of all born animals. While the presented tool provides preset parameters for the laboratory mouse, it can be readily used for any other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava Milchevskaya
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philippe Bugnon
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emiel B J Ten Buren
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Vanhecke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Brand
- Quantitative Methods, Department of Business and Economics, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Tresch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Dobrowolski P, Buch T, Nagel-Riedasch S. Nomenclature for standardized designation of diploid genotypes in genetically modified laboratory animals. Lab Anim 2023; 57:371-380. [PMID: 37672033 PMCID: PMC10506360 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231175727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Information about the diploid genotype of a gene-modified or mutant laboratory animal is essential for breeding and experimental planning. It is also required for the exchange of animals between different research groups or for communication with professional genotyping service providers. While there are detailed, standardized rules for creating an allele name of a genome modification or mutation, the notation of the diploid genotype after biopsy and genotyping has not been standardized yet. Therefore, a uniform, generally understandable nomenclature for the diploid genotype of gene-modified laboratory animals is needed. With the here-proposed nomenclature recommendations from the Committee on Genetics and Breeding of Laboratory Animals of the German Society for Laboratory Animal Science (GV-SOLAS), we provide a practical, standardized representation of the genotype of gene-modified animals. It is intended to serve as a compact guide for animal care and scientific personnel in animal research facilities and to simplify data exchange between groups and with external service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Nagel-Riedasch
- Research Facilities for Experimental Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Grimm H, Biller-Andorno N, Buch T, Dahlhoff M, Davies G, Cederroth CR, Maissen O, Lukas W, Passini E, Törnqvist E, Olsson IAS, Sandström J. Advancing the 3Rs: innovation, implementation, ethics and society. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1185706. [PMID: 37396988 PMCID: PMC10310538 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1185706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3Rs principle of replacing, reducing and refining the use of animals in science has been gaining widespread support in the international research community and appears in transnational legislation such as the European Directive 2010/63/EU, a number of national legislative frameworks like in Switzerland and the UK, and other rules and guidance in place in countries around the world. At the same time, progress in technical and biomedical research, along with the changing status of animals in many societies, challenges the view of the 3Rs principle as a sufficient and effective approach to the moral challenges set by animal use in research. Given this growing awareness of our moral responsibilities to animals, the aim of this paper is to address the question: Can the 3Rs, as a policy instrument for science and research, still guide the morally acceptable use of animals for scientific purposes, and if so, how? The fact that the increased availability of alternatives to animal models has not correlated inversely with a decrease in the number of animals used in research has led to public and political calls for more radical action. However, a focus on the simple measure of total animal numbers distracts from the need for a more nuanced understanding of how the 3Rs principle can have a genuine influence as a guiding instrument in research and testing. Hence, we focus on three core dimensions of the 3Rs in contemporary research: (1) What scientific innovations are needed to advance the goals of the 3Rs? (2) What can be done to facilitate the implementation of existing and new 3R methods? (3) Do the 3Rs still offer an adequate ethical framework given the increasing social awareness of animal needs and human moral responsibilities? By answering these questions, we will identify core perspectives in the debate over the advancement of the 3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Grimm
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikola Biller-Andorno
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gail Davies
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Otto Maissen
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Animal Welfare Division, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wilma Lukas
- Innosuisse - Swiss Innovation Agency, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Passini
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, United Kingdom
| | - Elin Törnqvist
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - I. Anna S. Olsson
- Laboratory Animal Science, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ivan DC, Berve KC, Walthert S, Monaco G, Borst K, Bouillet E, Ferreira F, Lee H, Steudler J, Buch T, Prinz M, Engelhardt B, Locatelli G. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor controls the function of CNS-resident macrophages and their contribution to neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:35. [PMID: 36890580 PMCID: PMC9993619 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is essential for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and regulates neuronal survival and myelination in the adult CNS. In neuroinflammatory conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), IGF-1 can regulate cellular survival and activation in a context-dependent and cell-specific manner. Notwithstanding its importance, the functional outcome of IGF-1 signaling in microglia/macrophages, which maintain CNS homeostasis and regulate neuroinflammation, remains undefined. As a result, contradictory reports on the disease-ameliorating efficacy of IGF-1 are difficult to interpret, together precluding its potential use as a therapeutic agent. To fill this gap, we here investigated the role of IGF-1 signaling in CNS-resident microglia and border associated macrophages (BAMs) by conditional genetic deletion of the receptor Igf1r in these cell types. Using a series of techniques including histology, bulk RNA sequencing, flow cytometry and intravital imaging, we show that absence of IGF-1R significantly impacted the morphology of both BAMs and microglia. RNA analysis revealed minor changes in microglia. In BAMs however, we detected an upregulation of functional pathways associated with cellular activation and a decreased expression of adhesion molecules. Notably, genetic deletion of Igf1r from CNS-resident macrophages led to a significant weight gain in mice, suggesting that absence of IGF-1R from CNS-resident myeloid cells indirectly impacts the somatotropic axis. Lastly, we observed a more severe EAE disease course upon Igf1r genetic ablation, thus highlighting an important immunomodulatory role of this signaling pathway in BAMs/microglia. Taken together, our work shows that IGF-1R signaling in CNS-resident macrophages regulates the morphology and transcriptome of these cells while significantly decreasing the severity of autoimmune CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Ivan
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Carolin Berve
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Walthert
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Borst
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Bouillet
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henry Lee
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Steudler
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Locatelli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Locatelli G, Marques-Ferreira F, Katsoulas A, Kalaitzaki V, Krueger M, Ingold-Heppner B, Walthert S, Sankowski R, Prazeres da Costa O, Dolga A, Huber M, Gold M, Culmsee C, Waisman A, Bechmann I, Milchevskaya V, Prinz M, Tresch A, Becher B, Buch T. IGF1R expression by adult oligodendrocytes is not required in the steady-state but supports neuroinflammation. Glia 2023; 71:616-632. [PMID: 36394300 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) regulates myelination by oligodendrocyte (ODC) precursor cells and shows anti-apoptotic properties in neuronal cells in different in vitro and in vivo systems. Previous work also suggests that IGF-1 protects ODCs from cell death and enhances remyelination in models of toxin-induced and autoimmune demyelination. However, since evidence remains controversial, the therapeutic potential of IGF-1 in demyelinating CNS conditions is unclear. To finally shed light on the function of IGF1-signaling for ODCs, we deleted insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) specifically in mature ODCs of the mouse. We found that ODC survival and myelin status were unaffected by the absence of IGF1R until 15 months of age, indicating that IGF-1 signaling does not play a major role in post-mitotic ODCs during homeostasis. Notably, the absence of IGF1R did neither affect ODC survival nor myelin status upon cuprizone intoxication or induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), models for toxic and autoimmune demyelination, respectively. Surprisingly, however, the absence of IGF1R from ODCs protected against clinical neuroinflammation in the EAE model. Together, our data indicate that IGF-1 signaling is not required for the function and survival of mature ODCs in steady-state and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Locatelli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonis Katsoulas
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | | | - Martin Krueger
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Ingold-Heppner
- Institute of Pathology, Campus Mitte, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maike Gold
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vladislava Milchevskaya
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Tresch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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8
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Prajwal P, Neary T, Rohrbach K, Bittel P, Göller PC, Buch T, Dümcke S, Keller PM. Optimizing mycobacteria molecular diagnostics: No decontamination! Human DNA depletion? Greener storage at 4 °C! Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1104752. [PMID: 37113238 PMCID: PMC10126496 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the group of bacterial pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Timely diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant TB is a key pillar of WHO's strategy to combat global TB. The time required to carry out drug susceptibility testing (DST) for MTBC via the classic culture method is in the range of weeks and such delays have a detrimental effect on treatment outcomes. Given that molecular testing is in the range of hours to 1 or 2 days its value in treating drug resistant TB cannot be overstated. When developing such tests, one wants to optimize each step so that tests are successful even when confronted with samples that have a low MTBC load or contain large amounts of host DNA. This could improve the performance of the popular rapid molecular tests, especially for samples with mycobacterial loads close to the limits of detection. Where optimizations could have a more significant impact is for tests based on targeted next generation sequencing (tNGS) which typically require higher quantities of DNA. This would be significant as tNGS can provide more comprehensive drug resistance profiles than the relatively limited resistance information provided by rapid tests. In this work we endeavor to optimize pre-treatment and extraction steps for molecular testing. Methods We begin by choosing the best DNA extraction device by comparing the amount of DNA extracted by five commonly used devices from identical samples. Following this, the effect that decontamination and human DNA depletion have on extraction efficiency is explored. Results The best results were achieved (i.e., the lowest Ct values) when neither decontamination nor human DNA depletion were used. As expected, in all tested scenarios the addition of decontamination to our workflow substantially reduced the yield of DNA extracted. This illustrates that the standard TB laboratory practice of applying decontamination, although being vital for culture-based testing, can negatively impact the performance of molecular testing. As a complement to the above experiments, we also considered the best Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA storage method to optimize molecular testing carried out in the near- to medium-term. Comparing Ct values following three-month storage at 4 °C and at -20 °C and showed little difference between the two. Discussion In summary, for molecular diagnostics aimed at mycobacteria this work highlights the importance of choosing the right DNA extraction device, indicates that decontamination causes significant loss of mycobacterial DNA, and shows that samples preserved for further molecular testing can be stored at 4 °C, just as well at -20 °C. Under our experimental settings, human DNA depletion gave no significant improvement in Ct values for the detection of MTBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Prajwal
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clemedi AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Turlough Neary
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja Rohrbach
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bittel
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pauline C. Göller
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter M. Keller
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Peter M. Keller,
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Buch T, Jerchow B, Zevnik B. Practical Application of the 3Rs in Rodent Transgenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2631:33-51. [PMID: 36995663 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2990-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The principles of the 3Rs (replace, reduce, refine), as originally published by Russell and Burch, are internationally acclaimed guidelines for meeting ethical and welfare standards in animal experimentation. Genome manipulation is a standard technique in biomedical research and beyond. The goal of this chapter is to give practical advice on the implementation of the 3Rs in laboratories generating genetically modified rodents. We cover 3R aspects from the planning phase through operations of the transgenic unit to the final genome-manipulated animals. The focus of our chapter is on an easy-to-use, concise protocol that is close to a checklist. While we focus on mice, the proposed methodological concepts can be easily adapted for the manipulation of other sentient animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Jerchow
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Branko Zevnik
- In vivo Research Facility, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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10
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Prümmer JK, Stein VM, Marti E, Lutterotti A, Jelcic I, Schüpbach-Regula G, Buch T, Maiolini A. Assessment of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280864. [PMID: 36696385 PMCID: PMC9876372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) is an inflammatory disease of the canine central nervous system (CNS) that shares several features with multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. In approximately 95% of MS patients, ≥ two immunoglobulin G (IgG) oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are detectable exclusively in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To investigate OCBs in CSF and serum in dogs affected by MUO, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), idiopathic epilepsy (IE), intracranial neoplasia (IN), steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA), and diseases outside the CNS. We hypothesize that the highest prevalence of CSF-specific OCBs (≥ two OCBs uniquely in the CSF) would be found in dogs affected by MUO. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs (n = 121) presented to the neurology service due to neurological deficits. METHODS Prospective study. Measurement of IgG concentration in CSF and serum via a canine IgG ELISA kit. OCB detection via isoelectric focusing (IEF) and immunoblot. RESULTS Presence of CSF-specific OCBs was significantly higher in dogs with MUO (57%) compared to 22% in IN, 6% in IE, 15% in SRMA, 13% in IVDD, and 0% in the non-CNS group (p < .001). Dogs with MUO were 9.9 times more likely to show CSF-specific OCBs than all other diseases together (95% confidence interval, 3.7-26.4; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE MUO showed the highest prevalence of CSF-specific OCBs, indicating an inflammatory B cell response. Future studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence in the specific MUO subtypes and a possible similarity with human MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Prümmer
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Veronika M. Stein
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ilijas Jelcic
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gertraud Schüpbach-Regula
- Department of Clinical Research and Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Maiolini
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Zhang L, Dietsche F, Seitaj B, Rojas-Charry L, Latchman N, Tomar D, Wüst RC, Nickel A, Frauenknecht KB, Schoser B, Schumann S, Schmeisser MJ, Vom Berg J, Buch T, Finger S, Wenzel P, Maack C, Elrod JW, Parys JB, Bultynck G, Methner A. TMBIM5 loss of function alters mitochondrial matrix ion homeostasis and causes a skeletal myopathy. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202201478. [PMID: 35715207 PMCID: PMC9206080 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TMBIM5 deficiency reduces mitochondrial K+/H+ exchange. Mutation of the channel pore in mice destabilizes the protein and results in increased embryonic lethality and a skeletal myopathy. Ion fluxes across the inner mitochondrial membrane control mitochondrial volume, energy production, and apoptosis. TMBIM5, a highly conserved protein with homology to putative pH-dependent ion channels, is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial cristae architecture, ATP production, and apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that overexpressed TMBIM5 can mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake. Under steady-state conditions, loss of TMBIM5 results in increased potassium and reduced proton levels in the mitochondrial matrix caused by attenuated exchange of these ions. To identify the in vivo consequences of TMBIM5 dysfunction, we generated mice carrying a mutation in the channel pore. These mutant mice display increased embryonic or perinatal lethality and a skeletal myopathy which strongly correlates with tissue-specific disruption of cristae architecture, early opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, reduced calcium uptake capability, and mitochondrial swelling. Our results demonstrate that TMBIM5 is an essential and important part of the mitochondrial ion transport system machinery with particular importance for embryonic development and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Seitaj
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliana Rojas-Charry
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadina Latchman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rob Ci Wüst
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Bm Frauenknecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Clinic, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J Schmeisser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Finger
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan B Parys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axel Methner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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12
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13
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Prümmer JK, Stein VM, Marti E, Ziegler M, Lutterotti A, Jelcic I, Steffen F, Buch T, Maiolini A. Comparison of Two Different Canine Anti-IgG Antibodies for Assessment of Oligoclonal Bands in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Dogs via Isoelectric Focusing Followed by an Immunoblot. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:873456. [PMID: 35865875 PMCID: PMC9294634 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.873456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting is a method routinely used in human medicine to assess the presence of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. The detection of OCBs is a valuable diagnostic test, especially important in patients with the suspicion of multiple sclerosis (MS), in which at least two OCBs are found in the CSF not present in paired serum samples in up to 95% of patients. So far, presence of OCBs in CSF and serum of dogs has only been investigated in a small cohort of dogs diagnosed with degenerative myelopathy and healthy dogs. The main objective of the current study was to describe the method used for OCB detection and compare two different canine anti-IgG antibodies: a canine rabbit-anti-IgG antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch) vs. a canine goat-anti-IgG antibody (Bio-Rad). The method was performed according to the instructions of the commercial kit used. The canine goat-anti-IgG antibody showed a better performance than the canine rabbit-anti-IgG antibody. The availability of the technique of OCB detection in the dog paves the way for further studies, especially in the field of inflammatory diseases of the canine central nervous system, and comparison between specific human and canine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Prümmer
- Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Julia K. Prümmer
| | - Veronika M. Stein
- Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Division of Neurological Sciences – Clinical Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario Ziegler
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ilijas Jelcic
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Maiolini
- Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Patsenker E, Thangapandi VR, Knittelfelder O, Palladini A, Hefti M, Beil-Wagner J, Rogler G, Buch T, Shevchenko A, Hampe J, Stickel F. The Pnpla3 Variant I148M Reveals Protective Effects Towards Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice via Restoration of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109081. [PMID: 35691594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption and high caloric diet are leading causes of progressive fatty liver disease. Genetic variant rs738409 in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G) has been repeatedly described as one of the major risk loci for alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans, however, the mechanism behind this association is incompletely understood. We generated mice carrying the rs738409 variant (PNPLA3 I148M) in order to detect genotype-phenotype relationships in mice upon chow and alcohol-high fat/high sugar diet (EtOH/WD). We could clearly demonstrate that the presence of rs738409 per se is sufficient to induce spontaneous development of steatosis after one year in mice on a chow diet, whereas in the setting of unhealthy diet feeding, PNPLA3 I148M did not affect hepatic inflammation or fibrosis, but induced a striking lipid remodelling, microvesicular steatosis and protected from HCC formation. Using shot gun lipidomics, we detected a striking restoration of reduced long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA)-containing TGs, docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 n3) and omega-3-derived eicosanoids (5-HEPE, 20-HEPE, 19,20-EDP, 21-HDHA) in PNPLA3 I148M mice upon EtOH/WD. At the molecular level, PNPLA3 I148M modulated enzymes for fatty acid and TG transport and metabolism. These findings suggest (dietary) lipids as an important and independent driver of hepatic tumorigenesis. Genetic variant in PNPLA3 exerted protective effects in mice, conflicting with findings in humans. Species-related differences in physiology and metabolism should be taken into account when modelling unhealthy human lifestyle, as genetic mouse models may not always allow for translation of insight gained in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Patsenker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Veera Raghavan Thangapandi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, 01304 Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandra Palladini
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Hefti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jane Beil-Wagner
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, 01304 Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Buch T, Davidson J, Hose K, Jerchow B, Nagel-Riedasch S, Schenkel J. Reducing surplus experimental animal generation. Lab Anim 2022; 56:305. [PMID: 35686742 DOI: 10.1177/00236772221096054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Jakwerth CA, Feuerherd M, Guerth FM, Oelsner M, Schellhammer L, Giglberger J, Pechtold L, Jerin C, Kugler L, Mogler C, Haller B, Erb A, Wollenberg B, Spinner CD, Buch T, Protzer U, Schmidt-Weber CB, Zissler UM, Chaker AM. Early reduction of SARS-CoV-2-replication in bronchial epithelium by kinin B 2 receptor antagonism. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:613-627. [PMID: 35247068 PMCID: PMC8897552 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to enter the host via the ACE2 receptor which is part of the kinin-kallikrein pathway. This complex pathway is only poorly understood in context of immune regulation but critical to control infection. This study examines SARS-CoV-2-infection and epithelial mechanisms of the kinin-kallikrein-system at the kinin B2 receptor level in SARS-CoV-2-infection that is of direct translational relevance. From acute SARS-CoV-2-positive study participants and -negative controls, transcriptomes of nasal curettages were analyzed. Primary airway epithelial cells (NHBEs) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with the approved B2R-antagonist icatibant. SARS-CoV-2 RNA RT-qPCR, cytotoxicity assays, plaque assays, and transcriptome analyses were performed. The treatment effect was further studied in a murine airway inflammation model in vivo. Here, we report a broad and strong upregulation of kallikreins and the kinin B2 receptor (B2R) in the nasal mucosa of acutely symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive study participants. A B2R-antagonist impeded SARS-CoV-2 replication and spread in NHBEs, as determined in plaque assays on Vero-E6 cells. B2R-antagonism reduced the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2, G protein–coupled receptor signaling, and ion transport in vitro and in a murine airway inflammation in vivo model. In summary, this study provides evidence that treatment with B2R-antagonists protects airway epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting its replication and spread, through the reduction of ACE2 levels and the interference with several cellular signaling processes. Future clinical studies need to shed light on the airway protection potential of approved B2R-antagonists, like icatibant, in the treatment of early-stage COVID-19. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Key messages Induction of kinin B2 receptor in the nose of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Treatment with B2R-antagonist protects airway epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2. B2R-antagonist reduces ACE2 levels in vivo and ex vivo. Protection by B2R-antagonist is mediated by inhibiting viral replication and spread.
Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-022-02182-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze A Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Feuerherd
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center of Infectiology Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Ferdinand M Guerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Madlen Oelsner
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Schellhammer
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Giglberger
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Pechtold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Jerin
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Kugler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Erb
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts Der Isar, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center of Infectiology Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam M Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Musiol S, Alessandrini F, Jakwerth CA, Chaker AM, Schneider E, Guerth F, Schnautz B, Grosch J, Ghiordanescu I, Ullmann JT, Kau J, Plaschke M, Haak S, Buch T, Schmidt-Weber CB, Zissler UM. TGF-β1 Drives Inflammatory Th Cell But Not Treg Cell Compartment Upon Allergen Exposure. Front Immunol 2022; 12:763243. [PMID: 35069535 PMCID: PMC8777012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 is known to have a pro-inflammatory impact by inducing Th9 and Th17 cells, while it also induces anti-inflammatory Treg cells (Tregs). In the context of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) its dual role can be of critical importance in influencing the outcome of the disease. Here we demonstrate that TGF-β is a major player in AAI by driving effector T cells, while Tregs differentiate independently. Induction of experimental AAI and airway hyperreactivity in a mouse model with inducible genetic ablation of the gene encoding for TGFβ-receptor 2 (Tgfbr2) on CD4+T cells significantly reduced the disease phenotype. Further, it blocked the induction of pro-inflammatory T cell frequencies (Th2, Th9, Th17), but increased Treg cells. To translate these findings into a human clinically relevant context, Th2, Th9 and Treg cells were quantified both locally in induced sputum and systemically in blood of allergic rhinitis and asthma patients with or without allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Natural allergen exposure induced local and systemic Th2, Th9, and reduced Tregs cells, while therapeutic allergen exposure by AIT suppressed Th2 and Th9 cell frequencies along with TGF-β and IL-9 secretion. Altogether, these findings support that neutralization of TGF-β represents a viable therapeutic option in allergy and asthma, not posing the risk of immune dysregulation by impacting Tregs cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Musiol
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze A Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Adam M Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Evelyn Schneider
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Guerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schnautz
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Grosch
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ileana Ghiordanescu
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Julia T Ullmann
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Josephine Kau
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Mirjam Plaschke
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Haak
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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18
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Sankowski R, Ahmari J, Mezö C, Hrabě de Angelis AL, Fuchs V, Utermöhlen O, Buch T, Blank T, Gomez de Agüero M, Macpherson AJ, Erny D. Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108605. [PMID: 34622466 PMCID: PMC8634130 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) comprise parenchymal microglia and at the CNS border regions meningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages (collectively called CNS‐associated macrophages, CAMs). While previous work has shown that microglial properties depend on environmental signals from the commensal microbiota, the effects of microbiota on CAMs are unknown. By combining several microbiota manipulation approaches, genetic mouse models, and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing, we have characterized CNS myeloid cell composition and function. Under steady‐state conditions, the transcriptional profiles and numbers of choroid plexus macrophages were found to be tightly regulated by complex microbiota. In contrast, perivascular and meningeal macrophages were affected to a lesser extent. An acute perturbation through viral infection evoked an attenuated immune response of all CAMs in germ‐free mice. We further assessed CAMs in a more chronic pathological state in 5xFAD mice, a model for Alzheimer’s disease, and found enhanced amyloid beta uptake exclusively by perivascular macrophages in germ‐free 5xFAD mice. Our results aid the understanding of distinct microbiota–CNS macrophage interactions during homeostasis and disease, which could potentially be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ahmari
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Mezö
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Vidmante Fuchs
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Utermöhlen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene & Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Koeln, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Blank
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Maurice E. Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Maurice E. Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Erny
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Advanced Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Beffinger M, Schellhammer L, Shekarian T, Deplazes S, Zimmermann I, Egloff P, Buch T, Seeger M, Hutter G, Vom Berg J. DDRE-48. COMPARTMENT LOCKED IL-12 - INCREASED TISSUE RETENTION AND MINIMAL PERIPHERAL EXPOSURE ALLOW HIGHER TREATMENT EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY IN LOCAL GLIOBLASTOMA THERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent clinical studies in glioblastoma (GBM) highlight the potential of local IL-12 therapy, but they also bring back tolerability concerns due to leakage into the periphery. This leakage might thus hamper exploiting the full potential of local IL-12 therapy. Fusion with an IgG4 Fc portion increases the tissue retention of IL-12; but could also confer export into the blood and subsequent systemic recycling through the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), ultimately leading to potentially toxic IL-12 serum levels. We assessed the expression of FcRn in human and murine GBM and its role in IL-12Fc tissue retention and systemic exposure upon local delivery. Human or murine IL-12Fc was injected in GBM-bearing or naïve wt or FcRn-humanized mice continuously or as bolus via convection-enhanced delivery (CED). We screened combinations of amino-acid substitutions at the (IL-12)Fc:FcRn binding interface to abolish this interaction. Brain and blood concentrations were assessed via ELISA or cytokine bead arrays. FcRn affinity was measured by SPR/ELISA and bioactivity tested on PBMCs and human GBM explant cultures. Treatment efficacy and immunological correlates were assessed in GBM bearing mice. FcRn is upregulated in human and mouse GBM and contributes to brain export and subsequent peripheral recycling of IL-12Fc in the blood. IL-12Fc with abrogated FcRn binding due to a unique set of substitutions is fully functional and appears brain compartment locked (CL IL-12) as it exhibits enhanced tissue retention and reduced serum levels upon local injection, reaching up 100x higher brain to serum concentration ratios than regular IL-12. Compared to its non-modified counterpart, murine CL IL-12 shows significantly higher treatment efficacy at negligible systemic footprint in late stage murine GBM. In patient explant cultures, human CL IL-12 leads to successful inflammatory conditioning. Compartment locked IL-12 should thus allow a wide dosing window to fully harness its therapeutic potential for local GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Beffinger
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Schellhammer
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sereina Deplazes
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Zimmermann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Egloff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hutter
- University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Bortoluzzi S, Dashtsoodol N, Engleitner T, Drees C, Helmrath S, Mir J, Toska A, Flossdorf M, Öllinger R, Solovey M, Colomé-Tatché M, Kalfaoglu B, Ono M, Buch T, Ammon T, Rad R, Schmidt-Supprian M. Brief homogeneous TCR signals instruct common iNKT progenitors whose effector diversification is characterized by subsequent cytokine signaling. Immunity 2021; 54:2497-2513.e9. [PMID: 34562377 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Innate-like T cell populations expressing conserved TCRs play critical roles in immunity through diverse developmentally acquired effector functions. Focusing on the prototypical lineage of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, we sought to dissect the mechanisms and timing of fate decisions and functional effector differentiation. Utilizing induced expression of the semi-invariant NKT cell TCR on double positive thymocytes, an initially highly synchronous wave of iNKT cell development was triggered by brief homogeneous TCR signaling. After reaching a uniform progenitor state characterized by IL-4 production potential and proliferation, effector subsets emerged simultaneously, but then diverged toward different fates. While NKT17 specification was quickly completed, NKT1 cells slowly differentiated and expanded. NKT2 cells resembled maturing progenitors, which gradually diminished in numbers. Thus, iNKT subset diversification occurs in dividing progenitor cells without acute TCR input but utilizes multiple active cytokine signaling pathways. These data imply a two-step model of iNKT effector differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bortoluzzi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Nyambayar Dashtsoodol
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christoph Drees
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Sabine Helmrath
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Jonas Mir
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Albulena Toska
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Michael Flossdorf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Maria Solovey
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Maria Colomé-Tatché
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Bahire Kalfaoglu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Tim Ammon
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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21
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Rojulpote C, Patil S, Gonuguntla K, Kharbanda P, Karambelkar P, Kela K, Singh V, Nadadur S, Kumar M, Buch T. Socioeconomic status and trends in utilization of catheter ablation in patients hospitalized with atrial fibrillation in united states. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in a hospital setting. However, there is little data on the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) and the utilization of catheter ablation amongst patients admitted with AF.
Methods
The National Inpatient Sample database was queried from 2003 to 2014 using ICD 9 revised diagnosis codes to identify patients who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of AF. SES was determined by median household income (MHI) and divided into quartiles (0–25th, 26–50th, 51–75th, and 76–100th). Trends were analyzed using Cochran Armitage test.
Results
We analyzed 3,618,133 patients with AF that were admitted from 2003 to 2014 (median age: 72 [IQR 61 – 81], female 52.6%). Trends stratified by MHI to compare catheter ablation rates of all 12 years revealed significant differences (Figure 1). A multivariable logistic regression accounting for sociodemographic factors revealed an increasing trend of catheter ablation utilization with higher MHI (Figure 1).
Conclusion
Over a 12-year period, patients admitted to the hospital with AF with higher MHI were found to have increasing rates of catheter ablation utilization due to AF. Conversely, a decline in catheter ablation rates were noted in patients with lower MHI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rojulpote
- The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, United States of America
| | - S Patil
- University of Connecticut, Medicine, Hartford, United States of America
| | - K Gonuguntla
- University of Connecticut, Medicine, Hartford, United States of America
| | - P Kharbanda
- The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, United States of America
| | - P Karambelkar
- The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, United States of America
| | - K Kela
- The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, United States of America
| | - V Singh
- The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, United States of America
| | - S Nadadur
- University of Connecticut, Medicine, Hartford, United States of America
| | - M Kumar
- University of Connecticut, Medicine, Hartford, United States of America
| | - T Buch
- The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, United States of America
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22
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Hagner S, Keller M, Raifer H, Tan HT, Akdis CA, Buch T, Sokolowska M, Garn H. T cell requirement and phenotype stability of house dust mite-induced neutrophil airway inflammation in mice. Allergy 2020; 75:2970-2973. [PMID: 32478407 DOI: 10.1111/all.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hagner
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung School (UGMLC) Marburg Germany
| | - Mathilda Keller
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung School (UGMLC) Marburg Germany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Core Facility Flowcytometry Philipps University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Hern‐Tze Tina Tan
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung School (UGMLC) Marburg Germany
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23
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Alterauge D, Bagnoli JW, Dahlström F, Bradford BM, Mabbott NA, Buch T, Enard W, Baumjohann D. Continued Bcl6 Expression Prevents the Transdifferentiation of Established Tfh Cells into Th1 Cells during Acute Viral Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108232. [PMID: 33027650 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are crucial for the establishment of germinal centers (GCs) and potent antibody responses. Nevertheless, the T cell-intrinsic factors that are required for the maintenance of already-established Tfh cells and GCs remain largely unknown. Here, we use temporally guided gene ablation in CD4+ T cells to dissect the contributions of the Tfh-associated chemokine receptor CXCR5 and the transcription factor Bcl6. Induced ablation of Cxcr5 has minor effects on the function of established Tfh cells, and Cxcr5-ablated cells still exhibit most of the features of CXCR5+ Tfh cells. In contrast, continued Bcl6 expression is critical to maintain the GC Tfh cell phenotype and also the GC reaction. Importantly, Bcl6 ablation during acute viral infection results in the transdifferentiation of established Tfh into Th1 cells, thus highlighting the plasticity of Tfh cells. These findings have implications for strategies that boost or restrain Tfh cells and GCs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Alterauge
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Johannes W Bagnoli
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Frank Dahlström
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barry M Bradford
- The Roslin Institute and the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Wagistr. 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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24
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Cruz-Aguliar RM, Wantia N, Clavel T, Vehreschild MJGT, Buch T, Bajbouj M, Haller D, Busch D, Schmid RM, Stein-Thoeringer CK. An Open-Labeled Study on Fecal Microbiota Transfer in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Reveals Improvement in Abdominal Pain Associated with the Relative Abundance of Akkermansia Muciniphila. Digestion 2020; 100:127-138. [PMID: 30423561 DOI: 10.1159/000494252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The gut microbiota is altered in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and microbiota manipulations by diet or antibiotics can reduce its symptoms. As fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) in IBS is still controversial, we investigated the clinical and side effects of FMT in a cohort of IBS patients with recurrent, treatment refractory symptoms, and studied gut microbiota signatures. METHODS Using an observational, prospective study design, we applied FMTs from one unrelated, healthy donor to 13 IBS patients. Fecal samples of patients and the donor were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. RESULTS On a symptom level, primarily abdominal pain symptoms were reduced after FMT, and no adverse effects were observed. Studying the microbiome, we found an increase in alpha diversity and changes in the composition of the gut microbiota after FMT. Beta diversity changes after FMT were prominent in a subset of 7 patients with microbiota profiles coming very close to the donor. These patients also showed most pronounced visceral pain reduction. The relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was inversely correlated with pain reduction in our cohort. CONCLUSION Although exploratory in nature and with a pilot character, this study highlights the potential role of microbiota manipulations in IBS and describes a novel association of intestinal Akkermansia and pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca M Cruz-Aguliar
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Wantia
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- ZIEL, Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monther Bajbouj
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- ZIEL, Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Busch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph K Stein-Thoeringer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, .,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA,
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25
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Khosravi MA, Abbasalipour M, Concordet JP, Berg JV, Zeinali S, Arashkia A, Buch T, Karimipoor M. Expression analysis data of BCL11A and γ-globin genes in KU812 and KG-1 cell lines after CRISPR/Cas9-mediated BCL11A enhancer deletion. Data Brief 2019; 28:104974. [PMID: 31890812 PMCID: PMC6933148 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled as “Targeted deletion of the BCL11A gene by CRISPR-Cas9 system for fetal hemoglobin reactivation: A promising approach for gene therapy of beta-thalassemia disease " [1]. BCL11A is a master regulator of γ-globin gene silencing, and suppresses fetal hemoglobin expression by association with other γ-globin suppressors, and also interacts with human beta-globin locus control region as well as intergenic region between the Aγ and δ-globin genes to reconfigure beta-globin cluster. Thus, HbF reactivation has been proposed to be an approach for the treatment of β-thalassemia through knockout of BCL11A. Accordingly, an erythroid enhancer sequence was identified that, when inactivated, led to repression of BCL11A and induction of γ-globin in the erythroid lineage [2–7]. This article describes data that obtained from BCL11A gene enhancer modification in KU812 and KG-1 cell lines using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system in order to reactivate γ-globin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Khosravi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Abbasalipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Sorbonne Universites, 43 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75231, France
| | - Johannes vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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26
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Beffinger M, Schellhammer L, Pantelyushin S, Zimmermann I, Egloff P, Buch T, Seeger M, vom Berg J. SCIDOT-06. TOWARDS EXCLUSIVELY LOCAL THERAPY OF GLIOBLASTOMA - ENGINEERING IL-12Fc WITH SUPERIOR TISSUE RETENTION AND MINIMAL SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE AFTER CNS ADMINISTRATION. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Intratumoral application of IL-12 overrides the prevailing glioblastoma (GB) associated immunosuppression and can trigger efficient anti-tumor responses. With clinical studies currently testing local expression of IL-12 in brain tumors, concerns on IL-12 systemic toxicity via leakage resurface. The fusion to an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (“Fc tag”) should increase tissue retention of IL-12. However, export of IL-12Fc into the blood via the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) could nevertheless lead to systemic exposure. Subsequent systemic recycling via FcRn could lead to gradually increasing and eventually toxic serum concentrations.
We analysed the effect of the Fc-tag on IL-12 tissue retention and evaluated whether FcRn also is involved in brain export and systemic recycling of IL-12Fc upon local delivery. Human or murine IL-12Fc was delivered in GB-bearing or naïve wt or FcRn-humanized mice (mFcRn-/- hFcRn tg) continuously via mini osmotic pumps or as bolus via convection-enhanced delivery (CED). Brain and blood concentration levels were assessed via ELISA. FcRn affinity of IL-12Fc mutants was assessed via ELISA and surface plasmon resonance.
We observed much higher tissue retention of IL-12Fc compared to unmodified IL-12, but also an FcRn-dependent gradual increase of IL-12Fc serum levels. Testing a battery of amino acid substitutions at the FcRn interaction interface, we discovered unique substitutions that largely abolish brain export and systemic accumulation while preserving IL-12Fc functionality, leading to an over 100-fold higher brain to blood ratio than unmodified IL-12. We currently test the impact on efficacy of local IL-12Fc and checkpoint brain tumor treatment in vivo.
Achieving high local concentrations at low to absent systemic exposure is an important prerequisite for a large therapeutic window for local treatment of neurologic diseases. The novel Fc-modifications present a promising platform for reducing systemic leakage of Fc-containing therapeutics in the context of continuous or intermittent CNS delivery beyond brain cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Beffinger
- Institute of Laboratory Animals Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Linda Schellhammer
- Institute of Laboratory Animals Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Iwan Zimmermann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Egloff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animals Science, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animals Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Sparber F, De Gregorio C, Steckholzer S, Ferreira FM, Dolowschiak T, Ruchti F, Kirchner FR, Mertens S, Prinz I, Joller N, Buch T, Glatz M, Sallusto F, LeibundGut-Landmann S. The Skin Commensal Yeast Malassezia Triggers a Type 17 Response that Coordinates Anti-fungal Immunity and Exacerbates Skin Inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:389-403.e6. [PMID: 30870621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Commensal fungi of the mammalian skin, such as those of the genus Malassezia, are associated with atopic dermatitis and other common inflammatory skin disorders. Understanding of the causative relationship between fungal commensalism and disease manifestation remains incomplete. By developing a murine epicutaneous infection model, we found Malassezia spp. selectively induce IL-17 and related cytokines. This response is key in preventing fungal overgrowth on the skin, as disruption of the IL-23-IL-17 axis compromises Malassezia-specific cutaneous immunity. Under conditions of impaired skin integrity, mimicking a hallmark of atopic dermatitis, the presence of Malassezia dramatically aggravates cutaneous inflammation, which again was IL-23 and IL-17 dependent. Consistently, we found a CCR6+ Th17 subset of memory T cells to be Malassezia specific in both healthy individuals and atopic dermatitis patients, whereby the latter showed enhanced frequency of these cells. Thus, the Malassezia-induced type 17 response is pivotal in orchestrating antifungal immunity and in actively promoting skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sparber
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Corinne De Gregorio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Simone Steckholzer
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Filipa M Ferreira
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Tamas Dolowschiak
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Fiorella Ruchti
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Florian R Kirchner
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mertens
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Martin Glatz
- Department of Dermatology, University and University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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Ferreira FM, Palle P, Vom Berg J, Prajwal P, Laman JD, Buch T. Bone marrow chimeras-a vital tool in basic and translational research. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:889-896. [PMID: 31028417 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow chimeras are used routinely in immunology research as well as in other fields of biology. Here, we provide a concise state-of-the-art review about the types of chimerisms that can be achieved and the type of information that each model generates. We include separate sections for caveats and future developments. We provide examples from the literature in which different types of chimerism were employed to answer specific questions. While simple bone marrow chimeras allow to dissect the role of genes in distinct cell populations such as the hematopoietic cells versus non-hematopoietic cells, mixed bone marrow chimeras can provide detailed information about hematopoietic cell types and the intrinsic and extrinsic roles of individual genes. The advantages and caveats of bone marrow chimerism for the study of microglia are addressed, as well as alternatives to irradiation that minimize blood-brain-barrier disruption. Elementary principles are introduced and their potential is exemplified through summarizing recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa M Ferreira
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Prajwal Prajwal
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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Buch T, Moos K, Ferreira FM, Fröhlich H, Gebhard C, Tresch A. Benefits of a factorial design focusing on inclusion of female and male animals in one experiment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:871-877. [PMID: 30980104 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Disease occurrence, clinical manifestations, and outcomes differ between men and women. Yet, women and men are most of the time treated similarly, which is often based on experimental data over-representing one sex. Accounting for persisting sex bias in biomedical research is the misconception that the analysis of sex-specific effects would double sample size and costs. We designed an analysis to test the potential benefits of a factorial study design in the context of a study including male and female animals. We chose a 2 × 2 factorial design approach to study the effect of treatment, sex, and an interaction term of treatment and sex in a hypothetical situation. We calculated the sample sizes required to detect an effect of a given magnitude with sufficient power and under different experimental setups. We demonstrated that the inclusion of both sexes in experimental setups, without testing for sex effects, requires no or few additional animals in our scenarios. These experimental designs still allow for the exploration of sex effects at low cost. In a confirmatory instead of an exploratory design, we observed an increase in total sample sizes by 33%, at most. Since the complexities associated with this mathematical model require statistical expertise, we generated and provide a sample size calculator for planning factorial design experiments. For the inclusion of sex, a factorial design is advisable, and a sex-specific analysis can be performed without excessive additional effort. Our easy-to-use calculation tool provides help in designing studies with both sexes and addresses the current sex bias in preclinical studies. KEY MESSAGES: • Both sexes should be included into animal studies. • Exploratory study of sex effects can be conducted with no or small increase in animal number. • Confirmatory analysis of sex effects requires maximum 33% more animals per study. • Our calculation tool supports the design of studies with both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Katharina Moos
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Bachemer Str. 86, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Data and Simulation Science (CDS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filipa M Ferreira
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT (b-it), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Tresch
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Bachemer Str. 86, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Data and Simulation Science (CDS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Boeck A, Landgraf-Rauf K, Vogelsang V, Siemens D, Prazeres da Costa O, Klucker E, von Mutius E, Buch T, Mansmann U, Schaub B. Ca 2+ and innate immune pathways are activated and differentially expressed in childhood asthma phenotypes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:823-833. [PMID: 30102794 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. Underlying immunologic mechanisms-in particular of different phenotypes-are still just partly understood. The objective of the study was the identification of distinct cellular pathways in allergic asthmatics (AA) and nonallergic asthmatics (NA) vs healthy controls (HC). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of steroid-naïve children (n(AA/NA/HC) = 35/13/34)) from the CLARA study (n = 275) were stimulated (anti-CD3/CD28, LpA) or kept unstimulated. Gene expression was investigated by transcriptomics and quantitative RT-PCR. Differentially regulated pathways between phenotypes were assessed after adjustment for sex and age (KEGG pathways). Networks based on correlations of gene expression were built using force-directed graph drawing. RESULTS Allergic asthmatics vs NA and asthmatics overall vs HC showed significantly different expression of Ca2+ and innate immunity-associated pathways. PCR analysis confirmed significantly increased Ca2+ -associated gene regulation (ORMDL3 and ATP2A3) in asthmatics vs HC, most prominent in AA. Innate immunity receptors (LY75, TLR7), relevant for virus infection, were also upregulated in AA and NA compared to HC. AA and NA could be differentiated by increased ATP2A3 and FPR2 in AA, decreased CLEC4E in AA, and increased IFIH1 expression in NA following anti-CD3/28 stimulation vs unstimulated (fold change). CONCLUSIONS Ca2+ regulation and innate immunity response pattern to viruses were activated in PBMCs of asthmatics. Asthma phenotypes were differentially characterized by distinct regulation of ATP2A3 and expression of innate immune receptors (FPR2, CLEC4E, IFIH1). These genes may present promising targets for future in-depth investigation with the long-term goal of more phenotype-specific therapeutic interventions in asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Boeck
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Landgraf-Rauf
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Vogelsang
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Siemens
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Klucker
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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31
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Seehawer M, Heinzmann F, D’Artista L, Harbig J, Roux PF, Hoenicke L, Dang H, Klotz S, Robinson L, Doré G, Rozenblum N, Kang TW, Chawla R, Buch T, Vucur M, Roth M, Zuber J, Luedde T, Sipos B, Longerich T, Heikenwälder M, Wang XW, Bischof O, Zender L. Author Correction: Necroptosis microenvironment directs lineage commitment in liver cancer. Nature 2018; 564:E9. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stickel F, Buch S, Nischalke HD, Weiss KH, Gotthardt D, Fischer J, Rosendahl J, Marot A, Elamly M, Casper M, Lammert F, McQuillin A, Zopf S, Spengler U, Marhenke S, Kirstein MM, Vogel A, Eyer F, von Felden J, Wege H, Buch T, Schafmayer C, Braun F, Deltenre P, Berg T, Morgan MY, Hampe J. Genetic variants in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 predispose to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals with alcohol-related cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2018. [PMID: 29535416 DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Variants in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3; rs738409), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2; rs58542926), and membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7; rs641738) are risk factors for the development of alcohol-related cirrhosis. Within this population, PNPLA3 rs738409 is also an established risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to explore possible risk associations of TM6SF2 rs58542926 and MBOAT7 rs641738 with HCC. METHODS Risk variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 were genotyped in 751 cases with alcohol-related cirrhosis and HCC and in 1165 controls with alcohol-related cirrhosis without HCC. Association with the risk of developing HCC was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The development of HCC was independently associated with PNPLA3 rs738409 (ORadjusted 1.84 [95% CI 1.55-2.18], p = 1.85 × 10-12) and TM6SF2 rs58542926 (ORadjusted 1.66 [1.30-2.13], p = 5.13 × 10-05), using an additive model, and controlling the sex, age, body mass index, and type 2 diabetes mellitus; the risk associated with carriage of MBOAT7 rs641738 (ORadjusted 1.04 [0.88-1.24], p = 0.61) was not significant. The population-attributable fractions were 43.5% for PNPLA3 rs738409, 11.5% for TM6SF2 rs58542926, and 49.9% for the carriage of both the variants combined. CONCLUSIONS Carriage of TM6SF2 rs58542926 is an additional risk factor for the development of HCC in people with alcohol-related cirrhosis. Carriage of both PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 accounts for half of the attributable risk for HCC in this population. Genotyping will allow for more precise HCC risk-stratification of patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, and genotype-guided screening algorithms would optimize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Stephan Buch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Hans Dieter Nischalke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Karl Heinz Weiss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Daniel Gotthardt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Janett Fischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Astrid Marot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Mona Elamly
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Markus Casper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Steffen Zopf
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Silke Marhenke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Martha M Kirstein
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Florian Eyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Johann von Felden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Henning Wege
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Felix Braun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Pierre Deltenre
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Thomas Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Marsha Y Morgan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. Medical Department 1, University of Erlangen, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share premier authorship: Felix Stickel, Stephan Buch. These authors have contributed equally to the presented work and share senior authorship: Pierre Deltenre, Thomas Berg, Marsha Y. Morgan, and Jochen Hampe
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Palle P, Ferreira FM, Methner A, Buch T. The more the merrier? Scoring, statistics and animal welfare in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Lab Anim 2018; 50:427-432. [PMID: 27909192 DOI: 10.1177/0023677216675008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a frequently used animal model for the investigation of autoimmune processes in the central nervous system. As such, EAE is useful for modelling certain aspects of multiple sclerosis, a human autoimmune disease that leads to demyelination and axonal destruction. It is an important tool for investigating pathobiology, identifying drug targets and testing drug candidates. Even though EAE is routinely used in many laboratories and is often part of the routine assessment of knockouts and transgenes, scoring of the disease course has not become standardized in the community, with at least 83 published scoring variants. Varying scales with differing parameters are used and thus limit comparability of experiments. Incorrect use of statistical analysis tools to assess EAE data is commonplace. In experimental practice the clinical score is used not only as an experimental readout, but also as a parameter to determine animal welfare actions. Often overlooked factors such as the animal's ability to sense its compromised motoric abilities, drastic though transient weight loss, and also the possibility of neuropathic pain, make the assessment of severity a difficult task and pose a problem for experimental refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpalatha Palle
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Filipa M Ferreira
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Methner
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Neurology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wartewig T, Kurgyis Z, Keppler S, Pechloff K, Hameister E, Öllinger R, Maresch R, Buch T, Steiger K, Winter C, Rad R, Ruland J. Erratum: PD-1 is a haploinsufficient suppressor of T cell lymphomagenesis. Nature 2017; 553:238. [PMID: 29186126 DOI: 10.1038/nature25142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature24649.
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Beffinger M, Schellhammer L, Pantelyushin S, Wall SK, Bienemann A, Granger N, Buch T, vom Berg J. SCDT-41. IN VIVO TESTING OF INTRACRANIAL DELIVERY OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN IL-12 AND IL-12Fc AND FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT ON HUMAN, PORCINE AND CANINE PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hahn M, Bürckert JP, Luttenberger CA, Klebow S, Hess M, Al-Maarri M, Vogt M, Reißig S, Hallek M, Wienecke-Baldacchino A, Buch T, Muller CP, Pallasch CP, Wunderlich FT, Waisman A, Hövelmeyer N. Aberrant splicing of the tumor suppressor CYLD promotes the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia via sustained NF-κB signaling. Leukemia 2017; 32:72-82. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schellhammer L, Beffinger M, Parshenkov A, Becher B, Bienemann A, Granger N, Buch T, vom Berg J. P06.09 In vitro assessment of human IL-12Fc function on porcine and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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38
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Hensel T, Giorgi C, Becker-Dettling F, Calzada-Wack J, Neff F, Buch T, Schmidt O, Schäfer BW, Burdach S, Richter GHS. Abstract 2468: Combined targeting of the EWS/ETS transcriptional program by BET bromodomain and PI3K pathway inhibition blocks tumorigenicity and increases apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ewing sarcomas (ES) are highly malignant bone or soft tissue tumors. Genetically, ES are defined by balanced chromosomal EWS/ETS translocations that give rise to chimeric proteins (EWS-ETS), which generate an oncogenic transcriptional program associated with altered epigenetic marks throughout the genome.
By use of an inhibitor (JQ1) blocking BET bromodomain binding proteins (BRDs) we strikingly observed a strong down-regulation of the predominant EWS-ETS protein EWS-FLI1 in a dose dependent manner. This was further enhanced by co-treatment with an inhibitor (BEZ235) of the PI3K pathway. Microarray analysis revealed JQ1 treatment to block a typical ES associated expression program. The effect on this expression program was mimicked by RNA interference of BRD3 or BRD4 expression but not by BRD2 blockade, indicating that the EWS-FLI1 mediated expression profile is at least in part mediated via such epigenetic readers.
JQ1 treatment not only suppressed an ES specific expression profile but also blocked contact dependent and independent proliferation of different ES lines. But subsequent analysis of proliferation after transient knockdown of either BRD3 or BRD4 did not recapitulate inhibition of proliferation as observed after JQ1 treatment, indicating the necessary simultaneous blockade of both proteins. However, inhibition of proliferation after JQ1 treatment was due to a partial G1 arrest and S phase elongation of the cell cycle. In addition, induction of apoptosis as demonstrated by PARP1-, CASP7-cleavage and increased CASP3 activity significantly contributed to the reduction of the proliferative ability of ES lines. Single or combination treatment with the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 increased apoptosis of ES cell lines although single treatment with BEZ235 was less effective than JQ1 application. Consequently, tumor development was dose dependently suppressed with increased formation of apoptotic bodies in a xeno-transplant model in immune deficient mice, overall indicating that ES may be susceptible to treatment with epigenetic inhibitors blocking BET bromodomain activity and the associated pathognomonic EWS-ETS transcriptional program.
Citation Format: Tim Hensel, Chiara Giorgi, Fiona Becker-Dettling, Julia Calzada-Wack, Frauke Neff, Thorsten Buch, Oxana Schmidt, Beat W. Schäfer, Stefan Burdach, Günther HS Richter. Combined targeting of the EWS/ETS transcriptional program by BET bromodomain and PI3K pathway inhibition blocks tumorigenicity and increases apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2468.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hensel
- 1Children's Cancer Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, CCCM Munich - Comprehensive Cancer Center, and German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Giorgi
- 2Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Becker-Dettling
- 1Children's Cancer Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, CCCM Munich - Comprehensive Cancer Center, and German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Frauke Neff
- 3Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- 4Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oxana Schmidt
- 1Children's Cancer Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, CCCM Munich - Comprehensive Cancer Center, and German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Beat W. Schäfer
- 2Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Burdach
- 1Children's Cancer Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, CCCM Munich - Comprehensive Cancer Center, and German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Günther HS Richter
- 1Children's Cancer Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, CCCM Munich - Comprehensive Cancer Center, and German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
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Sujino T, London M, Hoytema van Konijnenburg DP, Rendon T, Buch T, Silva HM, Lafaille JJ, Reis BS, Mucida D. Tissue adaptation of regulatory and intraepithelial CD4⁺ T cells controls gut inflammation. Science 2016; 352:1581-6. [PMID: 27256884 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in peripheral tissues (pT(regs)) are instrumental in limiting inflammatory responses to nonself antigens. Within the intestine, pT(regs) are located primarily in the lamina propria, whereas intraepithelial CD4(+) T cells (CD4(IELs)), which also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and depend on similar environmental cues, reside in the epithelium. Using intravital microscopy, we show distinct cell dynamics of intestinal T(regs) and CD4(IELs) Upon migration to the epithelium, T(regs) lose Foxp3 and convert to CD4(IELs) in a microbiota-dependent manner, an effect attributed to the loss of the transcription factor ThPOK. Finally, we demonstrate that pT(regs) and CD4(IELs) perform complementary roles in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. These results reveal intratissue specialization of anti-inflammatory T cells shaped by discrete niches of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Sujino
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mariya London
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David P Hoytema van Konijnenburg
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tomiko Rendon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hernandez M Silva
- Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Juan J Lafaille
- Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Bernardo S Reis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Beyer M, Abdullah Z, Chemnitz JM, Maisel D, Sander J, Lehmann C, Thabet Y, Shinde PV, Schmidleithner L, Köhne M, Trebicka J, Schierwagen R, Hofmann A, Popov A, Lang KS, Oxenius A, Buch T, Kurts C, Heikenwalder M, Fätkenheuer G, Lang PA, Hartmann P, Knolle PA, Schultze JL. Tumor-necrosis factor impairs CD4(+) T cell-mediated immunological control in chronic viral infection. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:593-603. [PMID: 26950238 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Persistent viral infections are characterized by the simultaneous presence of chronic inflammation and T cell dysfunction. In prototypic models of chronicity--infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)--we used transcriptome-based modeling to reveal that CD4(+) T cells were co-exposed not only to multiple inhibitory signals but also to tumor-necrosis factor (TNF). Blockade of TNF during chronic infection with LCMV abrogated the inhibitory gene-expression signature in CD4(+) T cells, including reduced expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1, and reconstituted virus-specific immunity, which led to control of infection. Preventing signaling via the TNF receptor selectively in T cells sufficed to induce these effects. Targeted immunological interventions to disrupt the TNF-mediated link between chronic inflammation and T cell dysfunction might therefore lead to therapies to overcome persistent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Beyer
- Life and Medical Sciences Bonn, Genomics &Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens M Chemnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Maisel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jil Sander
- Life and Medical Sciences Bonn, Genomics &Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clara Lehmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yasser Thabet
- Life and Medical Sciences Bonn, Genomics &Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Prashant V Shinde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmidleithner
- Life and Medical Sciences Bonn, Genomics &Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maren Köhne
- Life and Medical Sciences Bonn, Genomics &Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Schierwagen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Hofmann
- Life and Medical Sciences Bonn, Genomics &Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexey Popov
- Life and Medical Sciences Bonn, Genomics &Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität/Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.,Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Fätkenheuer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pia Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Life and Medical Sciences Bonn, Genomics &Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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41
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Beil-Wagner J, Dössinger G, Schober K, vom Berg J, Tresch A, Grandl M, Palle P, Mair F, Gerhard M, Becher B, Busch DH, Buch T. T cell-specific inactivation of mouse CD2 by CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21377. [PMID: 26903281 PMCID: PMC4763270 DOI: 10.1038/srep21377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used to mutate target sequences by introduction of double-strand breaks followed by imprecise repair. To test its use for conditional gene editing we generated mice transgenic for CD4 promoter-driven Cas9 combined with guide RNA targeting CD2. We found that within CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleen 1% and 0.6% were not expressing CD2, respectively. T cells lacking CD2 carryied mutations, which confirmed that Cas9 driven by cell-type specific promoters can edit genes in the mouse and may thus allow targeted studies of gene function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Beil-Wagner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Georg Dössinger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Johannes vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Achim Tresch
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biology, Albertus-Magnus University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Grandl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Pushpalatha Palle
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Florian Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Zoller V, Laguna AL, Prazeres Da Costa O, Buch T, Göke B, Storr M. [Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) in a patient with refractory irritable bowel syndrome]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2015; 140:1232-6. [PMID: 26261935 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. Recent clinical data support a link between changes in fecal microbiota with decreased biodiversity and the development of irritable bowel syndrome. Whether these changes of the microbiota are caused by the disease or whether they develop during the course of the disease remains unclear. Several studies demonstrated that fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) successfully attenuates Clostridium difficile infection by restoring the disturbed bacterial flora of the gut and case reports suggest that FMT may relief symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Here we report a 47-year-old male patient with longstanding refractory diarrhea predominant IBS, who was successfully treated with a single FMT. The beneficial effect on the patient's symptoms was associated with changes of the stool microbiome. Post-FMT the recipient's microbiome resembled the donor's microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Zoller
- Medizinische Klinik II, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München
| | | | - Olivia Prazeres Da Costa
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München
| | - Burkhard Göke
- Medizinische Klinik II, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München
| | - Martin Storr
- Medizinische Klinik II, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München
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Dufner A, Kisser A, Niendorf S, Basters A, Reissig S, Schönle A, Aichem A, Kurz T, Schlosser A, Yablonski D, Groettrup M, Buch T, Waisman A, Schamel WW, Prinz M, Knobeloch KP. The ubiquitin-specific protease USP8 is critical for the development and homeostasis of T cells. Nat Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26214742 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The modification of proteins by ubiquitin has a major role in cells of the immune system and is counteracted by various deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) with poorly defined functions. Here we identified the ubiquitin-specific protease USP8 as a regulatory component of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signalosome that interacted with the adaptor Gads and the regulatory molecule 14-3-3β. Caspase-dependent processing of USP8 occurred after stimulation of the TCR. T cell-specific deletion of USP8 in mice revealed that USP8 was essential for thymocyte maturation and upregulation of the gene encoding the cytokine receptor IL-7Rα mediated by the transcription factor Foxo1. Mice with T cell-specific USP8 deficiency developed colitis that was promoted by disturbed T cell homeostasis, a predominance of CD8(+) γδ T cells in the intestine and impaired regulatory T cell function. Collectively, our data reveal an unexpected role for USP8 as an immunomodulatory DUB in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Dufner
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Kisser
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Niendorf
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Basters
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Reissig
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Schönle
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Aichem
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Kurz
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Deborah Yablonski
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- 1] Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. [2] Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- 1] Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany. [2] Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- 1] Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, and Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [2] BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- 1] Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [2] BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- 1] Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [2] Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
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Agelopoulos K, Richter GHS, Schmidt E, Dirksen U, von Heyking K, Moser B, Klein HU, Kontny U, Dugas M, Poos K, Korsching E, Buch T, Weckesser M, Schulze I, Besoke R, Witten A, Stoll M, Köhler G, Hartmann W, Wardelmann E, Rossig C, Baumhoer D, Jürgens H, Burdach S, Berdel WE, Müller-Tidow C. Deep Sequencing in Conjunction with Expression and Functional Analyses Reveals Activation of FGFR1 in Ewing Sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4935-46. [PMID: 26179511 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A low mutation rate seems to be a general feature of pediatric cancers, in particular in oncofusion gene-driven tumors. Genetically, Ewing sarcoma is defined by balanced chromosomal EWS/ETS translocations, which give rise to oncogenic chimeric proteins (EWS-ETS). Other contributing somatic mutations involved in disease development have only been observed at low frequency. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor samples of 116 Ewing sarcoma patients were analyzed here. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on two patients with normal, primary, and relapsed tissue. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 50 Ewing sarcoma and 22 matched normal tissues. A discovery dataset of 14 of these tumor/normal pairs identified 232 somatic mutations. Recurrent nonsynonymous mutations were validated in the 36 remaining exomes. Transcriptome analysis was performed in a subset of 14 of 50 Ewing sarcomas and DNA copy number gain and expression of FGFR1 in 63 of 116 Ewing sarcomas. RESULTS Relapsed tumors consistently showed a 2- to 3-fold increased number of mutations. We identified several recurrently mutated genes at low frequency (ANKRD30A, CCDC19, KIAA0319, KIAA1522, LAMB4, SLFN11, STAG2, TP53, UNC80, ZNF98). An oncogenic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) mutation (N546K) was detected, and the FGFR1 locus frequently showed copy number gain (31.7%) in primary tumors. Furthermore, high-level FGFR1 expression was noted as a characteristic feature of Ewing sarcoma. RNA interference of FGFR1 expression in Ewing sarcoma lines blocked proliferation and completely suppressed xenograft tumor growth. FGFR1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in a patient with Ewing sarcoma relapse significantly reduced 18-FDG-PET activity. CONCLUSIONS FGFR1 may constitute a promising target for novel therapeutic approaches in Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Agelopoulos
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Günther H S Richter
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), Munich, Germany, together with the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany.
| | - Eva Schmidt
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kristina von Heyking
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), Munich, Germany, together with the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Benjamin Moser
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Udo Kontny
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Poos
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Eberhard Korsching
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Weckesser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Isabell Schulze
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany. Department of Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, State Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Regina Besoke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | | | - Eva Wardelmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumor Reference Center at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heribert Jürgens
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), Munich, Germany, together with the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany. Department of Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, State Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Locatelli G, Baggiolini A, Schreiner B, Palle P, Waisman A, Becher B, Buch T. Mature oligodendrocytes actively increase in vivo cytoskeletal plasticity following CNS damage. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:62. [PMID: 25889302 PMCID: PMC4404661 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligodendrocytes are myelinating cells of the central nervous system which support functionally, structurally, and metabolically neurons. Mature oligodendrocytes are generally believed to be mere targets of destruction in the context of neuroinflammation and tissue damage, but their real degree of in vivo plasticity has become a matter of debate. We thus investigated the in vivo dynamic, actin-related response of these cells under different kinds of demyelinating stress. METHODS We used a novel mouse model (oLucR) expressing luciferase in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-positive oligodendrocytes under the control of a β-actin promoter. Activity of this promoter served as surrogate for dynamics of the cytoskeleton gene transcription through recording of in vivo bioluminescence following diphtheria toxin-induced oligodendrocyte death and autoimmune demyelination. Cytoskeletal gene expression was quantified from mature oligodendrocytes directly isolated from transgenic animals through cell sorting. RESULTS Experimental demyelinating setups augmented oligodendrocyte-specific in vivo bioluminescence. These changes in luciferase signal were confirmed by further ex vivo analysis of the central nervous system tissue from oLucR mice. Increase in bioluminescence upon autoimmune inflammation was parallel to an oligodendrocyte-specific increased transcription of β-tubulin. CONCLUSIONS Mature oligodendrocytes acutely increase their cytoskeletal plasticity in vivo during demyelination. They are therefore not passive players under demyelinating conditions but can rather react dynamically to external insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Locatelli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland. .,Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, Munich, 81377, Germany.
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Pushpalatha Palle
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 30, 80675, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, VetSuisse, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland. .,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 30, 80675, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, VetSuisse, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Transgenic mice are among the most helpful tools to study the role of genes in physiological conditions. In this protocol, we describe the generation of bacterial artificial chromosome (BACs) constructs, which are used to express a gene of interest under a particular promoter. BACs as driver of transgenes have the advantage that a characterization of transcriptional control elements is unnecessary and the construct's size usually reduces position effects from random integration. In the following, we firstly explain in detail the amplification of the BAC, the generation of the targeting construct as well as the recombination by ET-cloning, and the analysis of the recombined clones by Southern blot analysis. Finally, we also describe the preparation of the BACs for oocyte injection. In total, the construction of such BAC transgenes needs around 6-8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Beil
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
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47
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Kong B, Bruns P, Raulefs S, Rieder S, Paul L, Prazeresda Costa O, Buch T, Theis FJ, Michalski CW, Kleeff J. Metabolism gene signatures and surgical site infections in abdominal surgery. Int J Surg 2015; 14:67-74. [PMID: 25599917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical site infections (SSI) represent a significant cause of morbidity in abdominal surgery. The objective of this study was to determine the gene expression signature in subcutaneous tissues in relation to SSI. METHODS To determine differences in gene expression, microarray analysis were performed from bulk tissue mRNA of subcutaneous tissues prospectively collected in 92 patients during open abdominal surgery. 10 patients (11%) developed incisional (superficial and deep) SSI. RESULTS Preoperative risk factors in patients with SSI were not significantly different from those in patients without wound infections. 1025 genes were differentially expressed between the groups, of which the AZGP1 and ALDH1A3 genes were the highest down- and upregulated ones. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated strong similarity within the respective groups (SSI vs. no-SSI) indicating inter-group distinctness. In a functional classification, genes controlling cell metabolism were mostly down-regulated in subcutaneous tissues of patients that subsequently developed SSI. CONCLUSION Altered expression of metabolism genes in subcutaneous tissues might constitute a risk factor for postoperative abdominal SSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Bruns
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Raulefs
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Rieder
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Paul
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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48
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Raedler D, Ballenberger N, Klucker E, Böck A, Otto R, Prazeres da Costa O, Holst O, Illig T, Buch T, von Mutius E, Schaub B. Identification of novel immune phenotypes for allergic and nonallergic childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vahl JC, Drees C, Heger K, Heink S, Fischer JC, Nedjic J, Ohkura N, Morikawa H, Poeck H, Schallenberg S, Rieß D, Hein MY, Buch T, Polic B, Schönle A, Zeiser R, Schmitt-Gräff A, Kretschmer K, Klein L, Korn T, Sakaguchi S, Schmidt-Supprian M. Continuous T cell receptor signals maintain a functional regulatory T cell pool. Immunity 2014; 41:722-36. [PMID: 25464853 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis and prevent inflammatory and autoimmune responses. During development, thymocytes bearing a moderately self-reactive T cell receptor (TCR) can be selected to become Treg cells. Several observations suggest that also in the periphery mature Treg cells continuously receive self-reactive TCR signals. However, the importance of this inherent autoreactivity for Treg cell biology remains poorly defined. To address this open question, we genetically ablated the TCR of mature Treg cells in vivo. These experiments revealed that TCR-induced Treg lineage-defining Foxp3 expression and gene hypomethylation were uncoupled from TCR input in mature Treg cells. However, Treg cell homeostasis, cell-type-specific gene expression and suppressive function critically depend on continuous triggering of their TCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christoph Vahl
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christoph Drees
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 15, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Heger
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 15, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Heink
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 15, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julius C Fischer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 15, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jelena Nedjic
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Goethestraße 31, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Naganari Ohkura
- Department of Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Morikawa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 15, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Schallenberg
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Rieß
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 15, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Y Hein
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Hygiene, Trogerstraße 30, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany and Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurer Straße 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bojan Polic
- University of Rijeka School of Medicine, B. Branchetta 20, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Anne Schönle
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schmitt-Gräff
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115a, 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Karsten Kretschmer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ludger Klein
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Goethestraße 31, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 15, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 15, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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50
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Richter G, Agelopoulos K, Schmidt E, von Heyking K, Moser B, Klein H, Kontny U, Dugas M, Poos K, Korsching E, Buch T, Köhler G, Rössig C, Baumhoer D, Jürgens H, Burdach S, Berdel W, Müller-Tidow C, Dirksen U. 420 Analysis of genomic alterations in Ewing sarcoma (German cohort) reveals cooperating mutations and novel therapy targets. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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