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Han P, Raveendran N, Liu C, Basu S, Jiao K, Johnson N, Moran CS, Ivanovski S. 3D bioprinted small extracellular vesicles from periodontal cells enhance mesenchymal stromal cell function. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 158:213770. [PMID: 38242057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that combining 3D bioprinting and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) offers a promising 'cell-free' regenerative medicine approach for various tissue engineering applications. Nonetheless, the majority of existing research has focused on bioprinting of sEVs sourced from cell lines. There remains a notable gap in research regarding the bioprinting of sEVs derived from primary human periodontal cells and their potential impact on ligamentous and osteogenic differentiation. Here, we investigated the effect of 3D bioprinted periodontal cell sEVs constructs on the differentiation potential of human buccal fat pad-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBFP-MSCs). Periodontal cell-derived sEVs were enriched by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with particle-shaped morphology, and characterized by being smaller than 200 nm in size and CD9/CD63/CD81 positive, from primary human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). The sEVs were then 3D bioprinted in 10 % gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) via microextrusion bioprinting. Release of sEVs from bioprinted constructs was determined by DiO-labelling and confocal imaging, and CD9 ELISA. Attachment and ligament/osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of hBFP-MSCs was assessed on bioprinted GelMA, without and with sEVs (GelMA/hPDLCs-sEVs and GelMA/hGFs-sEVs), scaffolds. hBFP-MSCs seeded on the bioprinted sEVs constructs spread well with significantly enhanced focal adhesion, mechanotransduction associated gene expression, and ligament and osteogenesis/cementogenesis differentiation markers in GelMA/hPDLCs-sEVs, compared to GelMA/hGFs-sEVs and GelMA groups. A 2-week osteogenic and ligamentous differentiation showed enhanced ALP staining, calcium formation and toluidine blue stained cells in hBFP-MSCs on bioprinted GelMA/hPDLCs-sEVs constructs compared to the other two groups. The proof-of-concept data from this study supports the notion that 3D bioprinted GelMA/hPDLCs-sEVs scaffolds promote cell attachment, as well as ligamentous, osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation, of hBFP-MSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Nimal Raveendran
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Chun Liu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Saraswat Basu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kexin Jiao
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Nigel Johnson
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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Loukelis K, Koutsomarkos N, Mikos AG, Chatzinikolaidou M. Advances in 3D bioprinting for regenerative medicine applications. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae033. [PMID: 38845855 PMCID: PMC11153344 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication techniques allow for the construction of biocompatible and biofunctional structures composed from biomaterials, cells and biomolecules. Bioprinting is an emerging 3D printing method which utilizes biomaterial-based mixtures with cells and other biological constituents into printable suspensions known as bioinks. Coupled with automated design protocols and based on different modes for droplet deposition, 3D bioprinters are able to fabricate hydrogel-based objects with specific architecture and geometrical properties, providing the necessary environment that promotes cell growth and directs cell differentiation towards application-related lineages. For the preparation of such bioinks, various water-soluble biomaterials have been employed, including natural and synthetic biopolymers, and inorganic materials. Bioprinted constructs are considered to be one of the most promising avenues in regenerative medicine due to their native organ biomimicry. For a successful application, the bioprinted constructs should meet particular criteria such as optimal biological response, mechanical properties similar to the target tissue, high levels of reproducibility and printing fidelity, but also increased upscaling capability. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in bioprinting, focusing on the regeneration of various tissues including bone, cartilage, cardiovascular, neural, skin and other organs such as liver, kidney, pancreas and lungs. We discuss the rapidly developing co-culture bioprinting systems used to resemble the complexity of tissues and organs and the crosstalk between various cell populations towards regeneration. Moreover, we report on the basic physical principles governing 3D bioprinting, and the ideal bioink properties based on the biomaterials' regenerative potential. We examine and critically discuss the present status of 3D bioprinting regarding its applicability and current limitations that need to be overcome to establish it at the forefront of artificial organ production and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Loukelis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Nikos Koutsomarkos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 70013, Greece
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Doerfler R, Yerneni S, Newby A, Chaudhary N, Shu A, Fein K, Hofstatter Azambuja J, Whitehead KA. Characterization and comparison of human and mouse milk cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297821. [PMID: 38295101 PMCID: PMC10830055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent data has characterized human milk cells with unprecedented detail and provided insight into cell populations. While such analysis of freshly expressed human milk has been possible, studies of cell functionality within the infant have been limited to animal models. One commonly used animal model for milk research is the mouse; however, limited data are available describing the composition of mouse milk. In particular, the maternal cells of mouse milk have not been previously characterized in detail, in part due to the difficulty in collecting sufficient volumes of mouse milk. In this study, we have established a method to collect high volumes of mouse milk, isolate cells, and compare the cell counts and types to human milk. Surprisingly, we found that mouse milk cell density is three orders of magnitude higher than human milk. The cell types present in the milk of mice and humans are similar, broadly consisting of mammary epithelial cells and immune cells. These results provide a basis of comparison for mouse and human milk cells and will inform the most appropriate uses of mouse models for the study of human phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Doerfler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Saigopalakrishna Yerneni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Newby
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Namit Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ashley Shu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Katherine Fein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Juliana Hofstatter Azambuja
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Boyiadzis M, Hong CS, Yerneni S, Im A, Diergaarde B, Whiteside TL. Blast-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Plasma of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Predict Responses to Chemotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3236. [PMID: 38137457 PMCID: PMC10740822 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The small extracellular vesicles (sEV) accumulating in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients' plasma are mixtures of vesicles produced by leukemic and non-malignant cells. sEV originating from leukemia blasts could serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of AML response to therapy. To isolate blast-derived sEV from patients' plasma, we developed a bioprinted microarray-based immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for leukemia-associated antigens (LAAs) and mAbs specific for a mix of tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, and CD81). We determined the proportion of LAA+ sEV relative to total plasma sEV (the LAA+/total sEV ratio) in serially collected samples of newly diagnosed AML patients prior to, during, and after chemotherapy. At AML diagnosis, the LAA+/total sEV ratio was significantly higher in patients than in healthy donors (HDs). In patients who achieved complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy, the LAA+/total sEV ratios significantly decreased after each chemotherapy cycle to levels seen in HDs. In contrast, the LAA+/total sEV ratios in AML patients with persistent leukemia after therapy remained elevated during and after therapy, as did the percentage of leukemic blasts in these patients' bone marrows. The LAA+/total sEV ratio emerges as a promising non-invasive biomarker of leukemia response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boyiadzis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Chang-Sook Hong
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | | | - Annie Im
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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Sharma Y, Shankar V. Technologies for the fabrication of crosslinked polysaccharide-based hydrogels and its role in microbial three-dimensional bioprinting - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126194. [PMID: 37562476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-Dimensional bioprinting has recently gained more attraction among researchers for its wide variety of applicability. This technology involving in developing structures that mimic the natural anatomy, and also aims in developing novel biomaterials, bioinks which have a better printable ability. Different hydrogels (cross-linked polysaccharides) can be used and optimized for good adhesion and cell proliferation. Manufacturing hydrogels with adjustable characteristics allows for fine-tuning of the cellular microenvironment. Different printing technologies can be used to create hydrogels on a micro-scale which will allow regular, patterned integration of cells into hydrogels. Controlling tissue constructions' structural architecture is the important key to ensuring its function as it is designed. The designed tiny hydrogels will be useful in investigating the cellular behaviour within the environments. Three-Dimensional designs can be constructed by modifying their shape and behaviour analogous concerning pressure, heat, electricity, ultraviolet radiation or other environmental elements. Yet, its application in in vitro infection models needs more research and practical study. Microbial bioprinting has become an advancing field with promising potential to develop various biomedical as well as environmental applications. This review elucidates the properties and usage of different hydrogels for Three-Dimensional bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore - 14, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Shankar
- CO(2) Research and Green Technologies Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore - 14, India.
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Song X, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhao X, Zou Y, Li L, Zhou X, Li M, Zhang D, Ye G, Jia R, Yin Z. Exosomes from tannic acid-stimulated macrophages accelerate wound healing through miR-221-3p mediated fibroblasts migration by targeting CDKN1b. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125088. [PMID: 37270133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) and its extraction were traditionally used for treatment of traumatic bleeding in China, and in the previous study we have demonstrated that TA could accelerate cutaneous wound healing in rats. We attempted to decipher the mechanism of TA in promoting wound healing. In this study, we found that TA could enhance the growth of macrophages and inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10) through inhibition of NF-κB/JNK pathway. TA activated Erk1/2 pathway, leading to increased expressions of growth factors, bFGF and HGF. Scratch study revealed that TA did not directly regulate the migration function of fibroblasts, but could indirectly enhance fibroblasts migration by the supernatant of TA-treated macrophages. Transwell study further proved that TA stimulates macrophages to secrete exosomes enriched in miR-221-3p by activating the p53 signaling pathway, and the exosomes entered into the fibroblast cytoplasm and bound to 3'UTR of target gene CDKN1b which induced decreased expression level of CDKN1b, leading to promoting fibroblast migration. This study provided new insights into how TA accelerates wound healing in the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaqin Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangxiu Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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7
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Song X, Xu L, Zhang W. Biomimetic synthesis and optimization of extracellular vesicles for bone regeneration. J Control Release 2023; 355:18-41. [PMID: 36706840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Critical-size bone defect repair is in high demand but is difficult to treat. Modern therapies, such as autograft and cell-based treatments, face limitations, including potential immunological rejection and tumorigenesis. Therefore, extracellular vesicle (EV)-based strategies have been proposed as a novel approach for tissue regeneration owing to EVs' complex composition of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as their low immunogenicity and congenital cell-targeting features. Despite these remarkable features of EVs, biomimetic synthesis and optimization of natural EVs can lead to enhanced bioactivity, increased cellular uptake, and specific cell targeting, aiming to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy. To maximize their function, these nanoparticles can be integrated into bone graft biomaterials for superior bone regeneration. Herein, we summarize the role of naturally occurring EVs from distinct cell types in bone regeneration, the current strategies for optimizing biomimetic synthetic EVs in bone regeneration, and discuss the recent advances in applying bone graft biomaterials for the delivery of EVs to bone defect repair. We focused on distinct strategies for optimizing EVs with different functions and the most recent research on achieving time-controlled release of nanoparticles from EV-loaded biomaterials. Furthermore, we thoroughly discuss several current challenges and proposed solutions, aiming to provide insight into current progress, inspiration for future development directions, and incentives for clinical application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Song
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.
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Melamed JR, Yerneni SS, Arral ML, LoPresti ST, Chaudhary N, Sehrawat A, Muramatsu H, Alameh MG, Pardi N, Weissman D, Gittes GK, Whitehead KA. Ionizable lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to pancreatic β cells via macrophage-mediated gene transfer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade1444. [PMID: 36706177 PMCID: PMC9882987 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery to organs outside the liver, spleen, and lungs remains challenging. To overcome this issue, we hypothesized that altering nanoparticle chemistry and administration routes may enable mRNA-induced protein expression outside of the reticuloendothelial system. Here, we describe a strategy for delivering mRNA potently and specifically to the pancreas using lipid nanoparticles. Our results show that delivering lipid nanoparticles containing cationic helper lipids by intraperitoneal administration produces robust and specific protein expression in the pancreas. Most resultant protein expression occurred within insulin-producing β cells. Last, we found that pancreatic mRNA delivery was dependent on horizontal gene transfer by peritoneal macrophage exosome secretion, an underappreciated mechanism that influences the delivery of mRNA lipid nanoparticles. We anticipate that this strategy will enable gene therapies for intractable pancreatic diseases such as diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilian R. Melamed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Mariah L. Arral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Samuel T. LoPresti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Namit Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George K. Gittes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Ludwig N, Yerneni SS, Azambuja JH, Pietrowska M, Widłak P, Hinck CS, Głuszko A, Szczepański MJ, Kärmer T, Kallinger I, Schulz D, Bauer RJ, Spanier G, Spoerl S, Meier JK, Ettl T, Razzo BM, Reichert TE, Hinck AP, Whiteside TL. TGFβ + small extracellular vesicles from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells reprogram macrophages towards a pro-angiogenic phenotype. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12294. [PMID: 36537293 PMCID: PMC9764108 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a major component of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (TEX) in cancer patients. Mechanisms utilized by TGFβ+ TEX to promote tumor growth and pro-tumor activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are largely unknown. TEX produced by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines carried TGFβ and angiogenesis-promoting proteins. TGFβ+ TEX stimulated macrophage chemotaxis without a notable M1/M2 phenotype shift and reprogrammed primary human macrophages to a pro-angiogenic phenotype characterized by the upregulation of pro-angiogenic factors and functions. In a murine basement membrane extract plug model, TGFβ+ TEX promoted macrophage infiltration and vascularization (p < 0.001), which was blocked by using the TGFβ ligand trap mRER (p < 0.001). TGFβ+ TEX injected into mice undergoing the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)-driven oral carcinogenesis promoted tumor angiogenesis (p < 0.05), infiltration of M2-like macrophages in the TME (p < 0.05) and ultimately tumor progression (p < 0.05). Inhibition of TGFβ signaling in TEX with mRER ameliorated these pro-tumor activities. Silencing of TGFβ emerges as a critical step in suppressing pro-angiogenic functions of TEX in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ludwig
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Juliana H. Azambuja
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Postgraduate Program in BiosciencesFederal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Maria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyGliwice BranchGliwicePoland
| | | | - Cynthia S. Hinck
- Department of Structural BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alicja Głuszko
- Chair and Department of BiochemistryMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Mirosław J. Szczepański
- Chair and Department of BiochemistryMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Department of OtolaryngologyCentre of Postgraduate Medical EducationWarsawPoland
| | - Teresa Kärmer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Isabella Kallinger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Daniela Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Richard J. Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Steffen Spoerl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Johannes K. Meier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | | | - Torsten E. Reichert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Andrew P. Hinck
- Department of Structural BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Departments of Immunology and OtolaryngologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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10
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Three-Dimensional Bio-Printed Cardiac Patch for Sustained Delivery of Extracellular Vesicles from the Interface. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120769. [PMID: 36547293 PMCID: PMC9777613 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy to treat infarcted cardiac tissues by replacing the injured region with an ex vivo fabricated functional cardiac patch. Nevertheless, integration of the transplanted patch with the host tissue is still a burden, limiting its clinical application. Here, a bi-functional, 3D bio-printed cardiac patch (CP) design is proposed, composed of a cell-laden compartment at its core and an extracellular vesicle (EV)-laden compartment at its shell for better integration of the CP with the host tissue. Alginate-based bioink solutions were developed for each compartment and characterized rheologically, examined for printability and their effect on residing cells or EVs. The resulting 3D bio-printed CP was examined for its mechanical stiffness, showing an elastic modulus between 4-5 kPa at day 1 post-printing, suitable for transplantation. Affinity binding of EVs to alginate sulfate (AlgS) was validated, exhibiting dissociation constant values similar to those of EVs with heparin. The incorporation of AlgS-EVs complexes within the shell bioink sustained EV release from the CP, with 88% cumulative release compared with 92% without AlgS by day 4. AlgS also prolonged the release profile by an additional 2 days, lasting 11 days overall. This CP design comprises great potential at promoting more efficient patch assimilation with the host.
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11
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Cansever Mutlu E, Kaya M, Küçük I, Ben-Nissan B, Stamboulis A. Exosome Structures Supported by Machine Learning Can Be Used as a Promising Diagnostic Tool. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7967. [PMID: 36431454 PMCID: PMC9693854 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) as a machine-learning technique could serve in disease diagnosis and prognosis by evaluating the dynamic morphological features of exosomes via Cryo-TEM-imaging. This hypothesis was investigated after the crude isolation of similarly featured exosomes derived from the extracellular vehicles (EVs) of immature dendritic cells (IDCs) JAWSII. It is possible to identify functional molecular groups by FTIR, but the unique physical and morphological characteristics of exosomes can only be revealed by specialized imaging techniques such as cryo-TEM. On the other hand, PCA has the ability to examine the morphological features of each of these IDC-derived exosomes by considering software parameters such as various membrane projections and differences in Gaussians, Hessian, hue, and class to assess the 3D orientation, shape, size, and brightness of the isolated IDC-derived exosome structures. In addition, Brownian motions from nanoparticle tracking analysis of EV IDC-derived exosomes were also compared with EV IDC-derived exosome images collected by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulphate-Polyacrylamide-Gel-Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to separate the protein content of the crude isolates showing that no considerable protein contamination occurred during the crude isolation technique of IDC-derived-exosomes. This is an important finding because no additional purification of these exosomes is required, making PCA analysis both valuable and novel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Cansever Mutlu
- College of Engineering and Physical Science, School of Metallurgy and Materials, Biomaterials Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beykent University, Sarıyer, 34398 İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Kaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beykent University, Sarıyer, 34398 İstanbul, Türkiye
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Türkiye
| | - Israfil Küçük
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Türkiye
| | - Besim Ben-Nissan
- School of Life Sciences, Translational Biomaterials and Medicine Group, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Artemis Stamboulis
- College of Engineering and Physical Science, School of Metallurgy and Materials, Biomaterials Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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12
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3D Bioprinting Technology and Hydrogels Used in the Process. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040214. [PMID: 36412855 PMCID: PMC9680466 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has gained visibility in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to its applicability. Over time, this technology has been optimized and adapted to ensure a better printability of bioinks and biomaterial inks, contributing to developing structures that mimic human anatomy. Therefore, cross-linked polymeric materials, such as hydrogels, have been highly targeted for the elaboration of bioinks, as they guarantee cell proliferation and adhesion. Thus, this short review offers a brief evolution of the 3D bioprinting technology and elucidates the main hydrogels used in the process.
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13
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Garg A, Yerneni SS, Campbell P, LeDuc PR, Ozdoganlar OB. Freeform 3D Ice Printing (3D-ICE) at the Micro Scale. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201566. [PMID: 35794454 PMCID: PMC9507341 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water is one of the most important elements for life on earth. Water's rapid phase-change ability along with its environmental and biological compatibility also makes it a unique structural material for 3D printing of ice structures reproducibly and accurately. This work introduces the freeform 3D ice printing (3D-ICE) process for high-speed and reproducible fabrication of ice structures with micro-scale resolution. Drop-on-demand deposition of water onto a -35 °C platform rapidly transforms water into ice. The dimension and geometry of the structures are critically controlled by droplet ejection frequency modulation and stage motions. The freeform approach obviates layer-by-layer construction and support structures, even for overhang geometries. Complex and overhang geometries, branched hierarchical structures with smooth transitions, circular cross-sections, smooth surfaces, and micro-scale features (as small as 50 µm) are demonstrated. As a sample application, the ice templates are used as sacrificial geometries to produce resin parts with well-defined internal features. This approach could bring exciting opportunities for microfluidics, biomedical devices, soft electronics, and art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Garg
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15232USA
| | | | - Phil Campbell
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15232USA
| | - Philip R. LeDuc
- Departments of Mechanical EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringBiological Sciences and Computational BiologyCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15232USA
| | - O. Burak Ozdoganlar
- Departments of Mechanical EngineeringBiomedical Engineering and Material Science and EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15232USA
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14
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Yerneni SS, Yalcintas EP, Smith JD, Averick S, Campbell PG, Ozdoganlar OB. Skin-targeted delivery of extracellular vesicle-encapsulated curcumin using dissolvable microneedle arrays. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:198-212. [PMID: 35809788 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic benefits of curcumin for inflammatory diseases have been demonstrated. However, curcumin's potential as a clinical therapeutic has been hindered due to its low solubility and stability in vivo. We hypothesized that a hybrid curcumin carrier that incorporates albumin-binding and extracellular vesicle (EV) encapsulation could effectively address the current challenges of curcumin delivery. We further postulated that using dissolvable microneedle arrays (dMNAs) for local delivery of curcumin-albumin-EVs (CA-EVs) could effectively control skin inflammation in vivo. Mild sonication was used to encapsulate curcumin and albumin into EVs, and the resulting CA-EVs were integrated into tip-loaded dMNAs. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess the stability, cellular uptake, and anti-inflammatory bioactivity of dMNA-delivered CA-EVs. Curcumin in CA-EVs exhibited at least five-fold higher stability in vitro than naïve curcumin or curcumin-EVs without albumin. Incorporating CA-EVs into dMNAs did not alter their cellular uptake or anti-inflammatory bioactivity. The dMNA embedded CA-EVs retained their bioactivity when stored at room temperature for at least 12 months. In rat and mice models, dMNA delivered CA-EVs suppressed and significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide and Imiquimod-triggered inflammation. We conclude that dMNA delivery of CA-EVs has the potential to become an effective local-delivery strategy for inflammatory skin diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We introduce and evaluate a skin-targeted delivery system for curcumin that synergistically combines albumin association, extracellular-vesicle encapsulation, and dissolvable microneedle arrays (dMNAs) . In vitro, curcumin-albumin encapsulated extracellular vesicles (CA-EVs) inhibit and reverse the LPS-triggered expression of inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. The integration of CA-EVs into dMNAs does not affect them physically or functionally. Importantly, dMNAs extend EV storage stability for at least 12 months at room temperature with minimal loss in their bioactivity. We demonstrate that dMNA delivered CA-EVs effectively block and reverse skin inflammation in vivo in mouse and rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezgi P Yalcintas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason D Smith
- Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Phil G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - O Burak Ozdoganlar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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15
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Yerneni SS, Lathwal S, Cuthbert J, Kapil K, Szczepaniak G, Jeong J, Das SR, Campbell PG, Matyjaszewski K. Controlled Release of Exosomes Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization-Based Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1713-1722. [PMID: 35302760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are 30-200 nm sized extracellular vesicles that are increasingly recognized as potential drug delivery vehicles. However, exogenous exosomes are rapidly cleared from the blood upon intravenous delivery, which limits their therapeutic potential. Here, we report bioactive exosome-tethered poly(ethylene oxide)-based hydrogels for the localized delivery of therapeutic exosomes. Using cholesterol-modified DNA tethers, the lipid membrane of exosomes was functionalized with initiators to graft polymers in the presence of additional initiators and crosslinker using photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This strategy of tethering exosomes within the hydrogel network allowed their controlled release over a period of 1 month, which was much longer than physically entrapped exosomes. Exosome release profile was tuned by varying the crosslinking density of the polymer network and the use of photocleavable tethers allowed stimuli-responsive release of exosomes. The therapeutic potential of the hydrogels was assessed by evaluating the osteogenic potential of bone morphogenetic protein 2-loaded exosomes on C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Thus, ATRP-based exosome-tethered hydrogels represent a tunable platform with improved efficacy and an extended-release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saigopalakrishna S Yerneni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,The Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Julia Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,The Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,The Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Phil G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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16
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Born LJ, McLoughlin ST, Dutta D, Mahadik B, Jia X, Fisher JP, Jay SM. Sustained released of bioactive mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles from 3D-printed gelatin methacrylate hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1190-1198. [PMID: 35080115 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an emerging class of therapeutics with significant potential and broad applicability. However, a general limitation is their rapid clearance after administration. Thus, methods to enable sustained EV release are of great potential value. Here, we demonstrate that EVs from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can be incorporated into 3D-printed gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel bioink, and that the initial burst release of EVs can be reduced by increasing the concentration of crosslinker during gelation. Further, the data show that MSC EV bioactivity in an endothelial gap closure assay is retained after the 3D printing and photocrosslinking processes. Our group previously showed that MSC EV bioactivity in this assay correlates with pro-angiogenic bioactivity in vivo, thus these results indicate the therapeutic potential of MSC EV-laden GelMA bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Born
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Shannon T McLoughlin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Dipankar Dutta
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Bhushan Mahadik
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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17
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Mani MP, Sadia M, Jaganathan SK, Khudzari AZ, Supriyanto E, Saidin S, Ramakrishna S, Ismail AF, Faudzi AAM. A review on 3D printing in tissue engineering applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In tissue engineering, 3D printing is an important tool that uses biocompatible materials, cells, and supporting components to fabricate complex 3D printed constructs. This review focuses on the cytocompatibility characteristics of 3D printed constructs, made from different synthetic and natural materials. From the overview of this article, inkjet and extrusion-based 3D printing are widely used methods for fabricating 3D printed scaffolds for tissue engineering. This review highlights that scaffold prepared by both inkjet and extrusion-based 3D printing techniques showed significant impact on cell adherence, proliferation, and differentiation as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo studies. 3D printed constructs with growth factors (FGF-2, TGF-β1, or FGF-2/TGF-β1) enhance extracellular matrix (ECM), collagen I content, and high glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content for cell growth and bone formation. Similarly, the utilization of 3D printing in other tissue engineering applications cannot be belittled. In conclusion, it would be interesting to combine different 3D printing techniques to fabricate future 3D printed constructs for several tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Prasath Mani
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
| | - Madeeha Sadia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering , NED University of Engineering and Technology , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering , University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX , UK
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur 54100 , Malaysia
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor Bahru 81310 , Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zahran Khudzari
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Center, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Center, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
| | - Syafiqah Saidin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Center, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai 81310 , Malaysia
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor Bahru 81310 , Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Athif Mohd Faudzi
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur 54100 , Malaysia
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor Bahru 81310 , Malaysia
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18
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Engineering pro-angiogenic biomaterials via chemoselective extracellular vesicle immobilization. Biomaterials 2021; 281:121357. [PMID: 34999538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a unique cellular derivative that reflect the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward tissue engineering and injury repair without the logistical and safety concerns of utilizing living cells. However, upon systemic administration in vivo,EVs undergo rapid clearance and typically lack controlled targeted delivery, thus reducing their effectiveness in therapeutic regenerative therapies. Here, we describe a strategy that enables long-term in vivo spatial EV retention by chemoselective immobilization of metabolically incoporated azido ligand-bearing EVs (azido-EVs) within a dibenzocyclooctyne-modified collagen hydrogel. MSC-derived azido-EVs exhibit comparable morphological and functional properties as their non-labeled EV counterparts and, when immobilized within collagen hydrogel implants via click chemistry, they elicited more robust host cell infiltration, angiogenic and immunoregulatory responses including vascular ingrowth and macrophage recruitment compared to ten times the higher dose required by non-immobilized EVs. We envision this technology will enable a wide range of applications to spatially promote vascularization and host integration relevant to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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19
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Yerneni SS, Solomon T, Smith J, Campbell PG. Radioiodination of extravesicular surface constituents to study the biocorona, cell trafficking and storage stability of extracellular vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1866:130069. [PMID: 34906563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all cell types and serve as biological packets delivering a wide variety of molecules for cell-to-cell communication. However, the biology of the EV extravesicular surface domain that we have termed EV 'biocorona' remains underexplored. Upon cell secretion, EVs possess an innate biocorona containing membrane integral and peripheral constituents that is modified by acquired constituents post secretion. This distinguishes EVs from synthetic nanoparticulate biomaterials that are limited to an adsorption-based, acquired biocorona. METHODS The EV biocorona molecular constituents were radiolabeled with 125I to study biocorona constituents and its surface dynamics. As example toolset applications, 125I-EVs were utilized to study EV cell trafficking and the stability of the EV biocorona during storage. RESULTS The biocorona of EVs consisted of proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA. The cellular uptake of 125I-EVs was temperature dependent and internalized 125I-EVs were rapidly recycled by cells. When 125I-EVs were stored in a purified state, they exhibited time and temperature dependent biocorona shedding and proteolytic degradation that was partially inhibited in the presence of serum. CONCLUSION The EV biocorona is complex and dynamic. Radiolabeling of the EV biocorona enables a unique platform methodology to study the biocorona and will facilitate unlocking EV's full clinical translation potential. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The EV biocorona affects EV mediated biological processes in health and disease. Acquiring knowledge of the EV biocorona composition, dynamics, stability and structure not only informs the diagnostic and therapeutic translation of EVs but also aids in designing biomimetic nanomaterials for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saigopalakrishna S Yerneni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Talia Solomon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jason Smith
- Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Phil G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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20
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Chen J, Zhou D, Nie Z, Lu L, Lin Z, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Long X, Fan S, Xu T. A scalable coaxial bioprinting technology for mesenchymal stem cell microfiber fabrication and high extracellular vesicle yield. Biofabrication 2021; 14:015012. [PMID: 34798619 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac3b90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates for regenerative medicine; however, the lack of scalable methods for high quantity EV production limits their application. In addition, signature EV-derived proteins shared in 3D environments and 2D surfaces, remain mostly unknown. Herein, we present a platform combining MSC microfiber culture with ultracentrifugation purification for high EV yield. Within this platform, a high quantity MSC solution (∼3 × 108total cells) is encapsulated in a meter-long hollow hydrogel-microfiber via coaxial bioprinting technology. In this 3D core-shell microfiber environment, MSCs express higher levels of stemness markers (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2) than in 2D culture, and maintain their differentiation capacity. Moreover, this platform enriches particles by ∼1009-fold compared to conventional 2D culture, while preserving their pro-angiogenic properties. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization results demonstrate that EVs derived from our platform and conventional 2D culturing have unique protein profiles with 3D-EVs having a greater variety of proteins (1023 vs 605), however, they also share certain proteins (536) and signature MSC-EV proteins (10). This platform, therefore, provides a new tool for EV production using microfibers in one culture dish, thereby reducing space, labor, time, and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Chen
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Duchao Zhou
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA general hospital, 100048 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Fan
- Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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21
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Yerneni SS, Adamik J, Weiss LE, Campbell PG. Cell trafficking and regulation of osteoblastogenesis by extracellular vesicle associated bone morphogenetic protein 2. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12155. [PMID: 34669267 PMCID: PMC8528095 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are characterized by complex cargo composition and carry a wide array of signalling cargo, including growth factors (GFs). Beyond surface-associated GFs, it is unclear if EV intralumenal growth factors are biologically active. Here, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), loaded directly into the lumen of EVs designated engineered BMP2-EVs (eBMP2-EVs), was comprehensively characterized including its regulation of osteoblastogenesis. eBMP2-EVs and non-EV 'free' BMP2 were observed to similarly regulate osteoblastogenesis. Furthermore, cell trafficking experiments suggest rapid BMP2 recycling and its extracellular release as 'free' BMP2 and natural occurring BMP2-EVs (nBMP2-EVs), with both being osteogenic. Interestingly, BMP2 occurs on the EV surface of nBMP2-EVs and is susceptible to proteolysis, inhibition by noggin and complete dissociation from nBMP2-EVs over 3 days. Whereas, within the eBMP2-EVs, BMP2 is protected from proteolysis, inhibition by noggin and is retained in EV lumen at 100% for the first 24 h and ∼80% after 10 days. Similar to 'free' BMP2, bioprinted eBMP2-EV microenvironments induced osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo in spatial registration to the printed patterns. Taken together, BMP2 signalling involves dynamic BMP2 cell trafficking in and out of the cell involving EVs, with distinct differences between these nBMP2-EVs and eBMP2-EVs attributable to the BMP2 cargo location with EVs. Lastly, eBMP2-EVs appear to deliver BMP2 directly into the cytoplasm, initiating BMP2 signalling within the cell, bypassing its cell surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juraj Adamik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of MedicineUPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lee E. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- The Robotics InstituteCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Phil G. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Engineering Research Accelerator, College of EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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22
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Yang GH, Lee YB, Kang D, Choi E, Nam Y, Lee KH, You HJ, Kang HJ, An SH, Jeon H. Overcome the barriers of the skin: exosome therapy. Biomater Res 2021; 25:22. [PMID: 34217362 PMCID: PMC8254055 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized cargos with a lipid bilayer structure carrying diverse biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These small vesicles are secreted by most types of cells to communicate with each other. Since exosomes circulate through bodily fluids, they can transfer information not only to local cells but also to remote cells. Therefore, exosomes are considered potential biomarkers for various treatments. Recently, studies have shown the efficacy of exosomes in skin defects such as aging, atopic dermatitis, and wounds. Also, exosomes are being studied to be used as ingredients in commercialized skin treatment products. In this review, we discussed the need for exosomes in skin therapy together with the current challenges. Moreover, the functional roles of exosomes in terms of skin treatment and regeneration are overviewed. Finally, we highlighted the major limitations and the future perspective in exosome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Hoon Yang
- Research Institute of Additive Manufacturing and Regenerative Medicine, Baobab Healthcare Inc., 55 Hanyangdaehak-Ro, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, South Korea
| | - Yoon Bum Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Donggu Kang
- Research Institute of Additive Manufacturing and Regenerative Medicine, Baobab Healthcare Inc., 55 Hanyangdaehak-Ro, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, South Korea
| | - Eunjeong Choi
- Research Institute of Additive Manufacturing and Regenerative Medicine, Baobab Healthcare Inc., 55 Hanyangdaehak-Ro, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, South Korea
| | - Yoonju Nam
- Research Institute of Additive Manufacturing and Regenerative Medicine, Baobab Healthcare Inc., 55 Hanyangdaehak-Ro, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Hi-Jin You
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15355, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kang
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15355, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun An
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061, South Korea.
| | - Hojun Jeon
- Research Institute of Additive Manufacturing and Regenerative Medicine, Baobab Healthcare Inc., 55 Hanyangdaehak-Ro, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15588, South Korea.
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23
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Wang D, Zhang X, Huang S, Liu Y, Fu BSC, Mak KKL, Blocki AM, Yung PSH, Tuan RS, Ker DFE. Engineering multi-tissue units for regenerative Medicine: Bone-tendon-muscle units of the rotator cuff. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120789. [PMID: 33845368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our body systems are comprised of numerous multi-tissue units. For the musculoskeletal system, one of the predominant functional units is comprised of bone, tendon/ligament, and muscle tissues working in tandem to facilitate locomotion. To successfully treat musculoskeletal injuries and diseases, critical consideration and thoughtful integration of clinical, biological, and engineering aspects are necessary to achieve translational bench-to-bedside research. In particular, identifying ideal biomaterial design specifications, understanding prior and recent tissue engineering advances, and judicious application of biomaterial and fabrication technologies will be crucial for addressing current clinical challenges in engineering multi-tissue units. Using rotator cuff tears as an example, insights relevant for engineering a bone-tendon-muscle multi-tissue unit are presented. This review highlights the tissue engineering strategies for musculoskeletal repair and regeneration with implications for other bone-tendon-muscle units, their derivatives, and analogous non-musculoskeletal tissue structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shuting Huang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Bruma Sai-Chuen Fu
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Anna Maria Blocki
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Jamieson C, Keenan P, Kirkwood D, Oji S, Webster C, Russell KA, Koch TG. A Review of Recent Advances in 3D Bioprinting With an Eye on Future Regenerative Therapies in Veterinary Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:584193. [PMID: 33665213 PMCID: PMC7921312 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.584193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting is a rapidly evolving industry that has been utilized for a variety of biomedical applications. It differs from traditional 3D printing in that it utilizes bioinks comprised of cells and other biomaterials to allow for the generation of complex functional tissues. Bioprinting involves computational modeling, bioink preparation, bioink deposition, and subsequent maturation of printed products; it is an intricate process where bioink composition, bioprinting approach, and bioprinter type must be considered during construct development. This technology has already found success in human studies, where a variety of functional tissues have been generated for both in vitro and in vivo applications. Although the main driving force behind innovation in 3D bioprinting has been utility in human medicine, recent efforts investigating its veterinary application have begun to emerge. To date, 3D bioprinting has been utilized to create bone, cardiovascular, cartilage, corneal and neural constructs in animal species. Furthermore, the use of animal-derived cells and various animal models in human research have provided additional information regarding its capacity for veterinary translation. While these studies have produced some promising results, technological limitations as well as ethical and regulatory challenges have impeded clinical acceptance. This article reviews the current understanding of 3D bioprinting technology and its recent advancements with a focus on recent successes and future translation in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Jamieson
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Keenan
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - D'Arcy Kirkwood
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Saba Oji
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Webster
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Keith A Russell
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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26
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Pandiyan S, El-Kharouf A, Steinberger-Wilckens R. Formulation of spinel based inkjet inks for protective layer coatings in SOFC interconnects. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:82-95. [PMID: 32574731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, inkjet printing technology was adopted for the application of protective layer coatings on metallic Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) interconnects. The study highlights the potential of the inkjet printing process to fabricate aqueous-based protective layer coatings over ferritic stainless steels, a novel, very flexible, and low-cost approach to coating. The work presented focusses on the formulation of aqueous-based spinel particulate inks for the inkjet printing process using an electro-magnetic inkjet printer. An ink formulation route based on a two-stage ball milling technique was developed to produce a printable ink composition with Manganese Cobalt Oxide (MnCo2O4,MCO) and Manganese Cobalt Ferrite (MnCo1.8Fe0.2O4, MCF) as the coating materials. Stability of the ink suspensions and particle size distribution were studied and characterised using zeta and a particle size analysis, respectively. Flow properties of the inks were analysed using a conventional rheometer at shear rates 1 to 1000 s-1 and Piezo Axial Vibrator rheometer at higher shear rates (10-6 s-1). Finally, printability of the inks was assessed theoretically based on the Ohnesorge number, Z. The formulated MCO and MCF inks with ~ 25 wt% solid loading exhibited Z values of 4.17 and 6.77, satisfying the printability criteria of the inkjet inks. Printability of the inks was demonstrated by printing them on stainless-steel substrates. and printed layers were free of any visible defects after heat-treatment. The demonstrated ink formulation procedure provides a guide for inkjet inks development with respect to inkjet printer requirements. Furthermore, the outlined methodology can be employed to fabricate protective and other coatings for any kind of metallic components such as bipolar plates and heat-exchangers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Pandiyan
- Centre for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Research, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmad El-Kharouf
- Centre for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Research, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Steinberger-Wilckens
- Centre for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Research, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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27
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Tumor-derived exosomes promote angiogenesis via adenosine A 2B receptor signaling. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:599-610. [PMID: 32419057 PMCID: PMC7529853 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE One hallmark of tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) is the promotion of cancer progression by stimulating angiogenesis. This study was performed to evaluate the role of adenosine receptors in TEX-induced angiogenesis. METHODS TEX produced by UMSCC47 head and neck cancer cell line were isolated by mini size exclusion chromatography (mini-SEC). Enzymatic activity of ectonucleotidases CD39/CD73 carried by TEX was measured by HPLC. Adenosine content of TEX was measured by UPLC-MS/MS. Primary human macrophages were co-incubated with TEX or exosomes derived from the plasma of head and neck cancer patients and their marker expression profile was analyzed by flow cytometry. The macrophage secretome was analyzed by angiogenesis arrays. The in vitro angiogenic potential of TEX was evaluated in endothelial growth studies. Results were validated in vivo using basement membrane extract plug assays in A1R-/-, A2AR-/- and A2BR-/- rats. Vascularization was analyzed by hemoglobin quantification and immunohistology with vessel and macrophage markers. RESULTS TEX carried enzymatically active CD39/CD73 and adenosine. TEX promoted A2BR-mediated polarization of macrophages toward an M2-like phenotype (p < 0.05) and enhanced their secretion of angiogenic factors. Growth of endothelial cells was stimulated directly by TEX and indirectly via macrophage-reprogramming dependent on A2BR signaling (p < 0.01). In vivo, TEX stimulated the formation of defined vascular structures and macrophage infiltration. This response was absent in A2BR-/- rats (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This report provides the first evidence for adenosine production by TEX to promote angiogenesis via A2BR. A2BR antagonism emerges as a potential strategy to block TEX-induced angiogenesis.
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28
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Li X, Liu B, Pei B, Chen J, Zhou D, Peng J, Zhang X, Jia W, Xu T. Inkjet Bioprinting of Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10793-10833. [PMID: 32902959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inkjet technique has the capability of generating droplets in the picoliter volume range, firing thousands of times in a few seconds and printing in the noncontact manner. Since its emergence, inkjet technology has been widely utilized in the publishing industry for printing of text and pictures. As the technology developed, its applications have been expanded from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) and even used to fabricate components of electronic devices. At the end of the twentieth century, researchers were aware of the potential value of this technology in life sciences and tissue engineering because its picoliter-level printing unit is suitable for depositing biological components. Currently inkjet technology has been becoming a practical tool in modern medicine serving for drug development, scaffold building, and cell depositing. In this article, we first review the history, principles and different methods of developing this technology. Next, we focus on the recent achievements of inkjet printing in the biological field. Inkjet bioprinting of generic biomaterials, biomacromolecules, DNAs, and cells and their major applications are introduced in order of increasing complexity. The current limitations/challenges and corresponding solutions of this technology are also discussed. A new concept, biopixels, is put forward with a combination of the key characteristics of inkjet printing and basic biological units to bring a comprehensive view on inkjet-based bioprinting. Finally, a roadmap of the entire 3D bioprinting is depicted at the end of this review article, clearly demonstrating the past, present, and future of 3D bioprinting and our current progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinda Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxun Liu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Pei
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Campbell A, Mohl JE, Gutierrez DA, Varela-Ramirez A, Boland T. Thermal Bioprinting Causes Ample Alterations of Expression of LUCAT1, IL6, CCL26, and NRN1L Genes and Massive Phosphorylation of Critical Oncogenic Drug Resistance Pathways in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:82. [PMID: 32154227 PMCID: PMC7047130 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting technology merges engineering and biological fields and together, they possess a great translational potential, which can tremendously impact the future of regenerative medicine and drug discovery. However, the molecular effects elicited by thermal inkjet bioprinting in breast cancer cells remains elusive. Previous studies have suggested that bioprinting can be used to model tissues for drug discovery and pharmacology. We report viability, apoptosis, phosphorylation, and RNA sequence analysis of bioprinted MCF7 breast cancer cells at separate timepoints post-bioprinting. An Annexin A5-FITC apoptosis stain was used in combination with flow cytometry at 2 and 24 h post-bioprinting. Antibody arrays using a Human phospho-MAPK array kit was performed 24 h post-bioprinting. RNA sequence analysis was conducted in samples collected at 2, 7, and 24 h post-bioprinting. The post-bioprinting cell viability averages were 77 and 76% at 24 h and 48 h, with 31 and 64% apoptotic cells at 2 and 24 h after bioprinting. A total of 21 kinases were phosphorylated in the bioprinted cells and 9 were phosphorylated in the manually seeded controls. The RNA seq analysis in the bioprinted cells identified a total of 12,235 genes, of which 9.7% were significantly differentially expressed. Using a ±2-fold change as the cutoff, 266 upregulated and 206 downregulated genes were observed in the bioprinted cells, with the following 5 genes uniquely expressed NRN1L, LUCAT1, IL6, CCL26, and LOC401585. This suggests that thermal inkjet bioprinting is stimulating large scale gene alterations that could potentially be utilized for drug discovery. Moreover, bioprinting activates key pathways implicated in drug resistance, cell motility, proliferation, survival, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleli Campbell
- Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jonathon E Mohl
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Denisse A Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Boland
- Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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30
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Yerneni SS, Lathwal S, Shrestha P, Shirwan H, Matyjaszewski K, Weiss L, Yolcu ES, Campbell PG, Das SR. Rapid On-Demand Extracellular Vesicle Augmentation with Versatile Oligonucleotide Tethers. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10555-10565. [PMID: 31436946 PMCID: PMC6800810 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes show potential as ideal vehicles for drug delivery because of their natural role in transferring biological cargo between cells. However, current methods to engineer exosomes without negatively impacting their function remain challenging. Manipulating exosome-secreting cells is complex and time-consuming, while direct functionalization of exosome surface proteins suffers from low specificity and low efficiency. We demonstrate a rapid, versatile, and scalable method with oligonucleotide tethers to enable diverse surface functionalization on both human and murine exosomes. These exosome surface modifiers, which range from reactive functional groups and small molecules to aptamers and large proteins, can readily and efficiently enhance native exosome properties. We show that cellular uptake of exosomes can be specifically altered with a tethered AS1411 aptamer, and targeting specificity can be altered with a tethered protein. We functionalize exosomes with an immunomodulatory protein, FasL, and demonstrate their biological activity both in vitro and in vivo. FasL-functionalized exosomes, when bioprinted on a collagen matrix, allows spatial induction of apoptosis in tumor cells and, when injected in mice, suppresses proliferation of alloreactive T cells. This oligonucleotide tethering strategy is independent of the exosome source and further circumvents the need to genetically modify exosome-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pradeep Shrestha
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Lee Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Esma S. Yolcu
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Phil G. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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