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Should Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Be Considered an Umbrella Disorder for Mental Illness and Associated Genetic and Epigenetic Induced Dysregulation of Brain Reward Circuitry? J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101719. [PMID: 36294858 PMCID: PMC9604605 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) is defined as a breakdown of reward neurotransmission that results in a wide range of addictive, compulsive, and impulsive behaviors. RDS is caused by a combination of environmental (epigenetic) influences and DNA-based (genetic) neurotransmission deficits that interfere with the normal satisfaction of human physiological drives (i.e., food, water, and sex). An essential feature of RDS is the lack of integration between perception, cognition, and emotions that occurs because of (1) significant dopaminergic surges in motivation, reward, and learning centers causing neuroplasticity in the striato-thalamic-frontal cortical loop; (2) hypo-functionality of the excitatory glutamatergic afferents from the amygdala-hippocampus complex. A large volume of literature regarding the known neurogenetic and psychological underpinnings of RDS has revealed a significant risk of dopaminergic gene polymorphic allele overlap between cohorts of depression and subsets of schizophrenia. The suggestion is that instead of alcohol, opioids, gambling disorders, etc. being endophenotypes, the true phenotype is RDS. Additionally, reward deficiency can result from depleted or hereditary hypodopaminergia, which can manifest as a variety of personality traits and mental/medical disorders that have been linked to genetic studies with dopamine-depleting alleles. The carrying of known DNA antecedents, including epigenetic insults, results in a life-long vulnerability to RDS conditions and addictive behaviors. Epigenetic repair of hypodopaminergia, the causative basis of addictive behaviors, may involve precision DNA-guided therapy achieved by combining the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) test with a researched neutraceutical having a number of variant names, including KB220Z. This nutraceutical formulation with pro-dopamine regulatory capabilities has been studied and published in peer-reviewed journals, mostly from our laboratory. Finally, it is our opinion that RDS should be given an ICD code and deserves to be included in the DSM-VI because while the DSM features symptomology, it is equally important to feature etiological roots as portrayed in the RDS model.
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Hüpen P, Habel U, Votinov M, Kable JW, Wagels L. A Systematic Review on Common and Distinct Neural Correlates of Risk-taking in Substance-related and Non-substance Related Addictions. Neuropsychol Rev 2022; 33:492-513. [PMID: 35906511 PMCID: PMC10148787 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Both substance-related as well as non-substance-related addictions may include recurrent engagement in risky actions despite adverse outcomes. We here apply a unified approach and review task-based neuroimaging studies on substance-related (SRAs) and non-substance related addictions (NSRAs) to examine commonalities and differences in neural correlates of risk-taking in these two addiction types. To this end, we conducted a systematic review adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Two databases were searched with predefined search terms to identify neuroimaging studies on risk-taking tasks in individuals with addiction disorders. In total, 19 studies on SRAs (comprising a total of 648 individuals with SRAs) and 10 studies on NSRAs (comprising a total of 187 individuals with NSRAs) were included. Risk-related brain activation in SRAs and NSRAs was summarized individually and subsequently compared to each other. Results suggest convergent altered risk-related neural processes, including hyperactivity in the OFC and the striatum. As characteristic for both addiction types, these brain regions may represent an underlying mechanism of suboptimal decision-making. In contrast, decreased DLPFC activity may be specific to SRAs and decreased IFG activity could only be identified for NSRAs. The precuneus and posterior cingulate show elevated activity in SRAs, while findings regarding these areas were mixed in NSRAs. Additional scarce evidence suggests decreased ventral ACC activity and increased dorsal ACC activity in both addiction types. Associations between identified activation patterns with drug use severity underpin the clinical relevance of these findings. However, this exploratory evidence should be interpreted with caution and should be regarded as preliminary. Future research is needed to evaluate the findings gathered by this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Hüpen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. .,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mikhail Votinov
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lisa Wagels
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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3
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The neurobiology of drug addiction: cross-species insights into the dysfunction and recovery of the prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:276-291. [PMID: 34408275 PMCID: PMC8617203 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A growing preclinical and clinical body of work on the effects of chronic drug use and drug addiction has extended the scope of inquiry from the putative reward-related subcortical mechanisms to higher-order executive functions as regulated by the prefrontal cortex. Here we review the neuroimaging evidence in humans and non-human primates to demonstrate the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in emotional, cognitive, and behavioral alterations in drug addiction, with particular attention to the impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) framework. In support of iRISA, functional and structural neuroimaging studies document a role for the prefrontal cortex in assigning excessive salience to drug over non-drug-related processes with concomitant lapses in self-control, and deficits in reward-related decision-making and insight into illness. Importantly, converging insights from human and non-human primate studies suggest a causal relationship between drug addiction and prefrontal insult, indicating that chronic drug use causes the prefrontal cortex damage that underlies iRISA while changes with abstinence and recovery with treatment suggest plasticity of these same brain regions and functions. We further dissect the overlapping and distinct characteristics of drug classes, potential biomarkers that inform vulnerability and resilience, and advancements in cutting-edge psychological and neuromodulatory treatment strategies, providing a comprehensive landscape of the human and non-human primate drug addiction literature as it relates to the prefrontal cortex.
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Lathan EC, Hong JH, Heads AM, Borgogna NC, Schmitz JM. Prevalence and Correlates of Sex Selling and Sex Purchasing among Adults Seeking Treatment for Cocaine Use Disorder. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:2229-2241. [PMID: 34559026 PMCID: PMC8717456 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1981391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exchange sex places individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) at particularly high risk for deleterious safety and health outcomes. A substance use treatment provider who is aware of a patient's exchange sex behavior is better able to provide appropriate screening, care, and/or referral to risk reduction services. However, little is known about exchange sex, especially purchasing, among treatment-seeking adults with CUD. The current study examined the prevalence and correlates of sex selling and sex purchasing among treatment-seeking men and women with CUD (n = 109; ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02896712). Separate binary logistic regressions via backward elimination were used to identify best fitting models for sex selling and sex purchasing. Over 41% of participants endorsed exchange sex within the last 30 days; 20.2% reported selling sex and 30.3% reported purchasing sex. Sex selling and sex purchasing rates differed by gender and race. Number of sexual partners (OR = 5.83, 95% CI = 2.07-16.43), concern about contracting HIV/AIDS (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.31-3.44), cumulative interpersonal trauma exposure (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.20-2.77), years using cocaine (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03-1.20), drug-related problem days (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.00-1.14), and sexual preference (OR = 9.50, 95% CI = .69-130.35) were retained in the final model estimating sex selling (Nagelkerke R2 = .56). In the final sex purchasing model (Nagelkerke R2 = .46), gender (OR = 36.17, 95% CI = 2.96-441.75), number of sexual partners (OR = 6.28, 95% CI = 2.69-14.66), number of convictions (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02-1.25), and drug-related problem days (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = .92-1.01) were retained. Predictive models in this study identified distinct sets of variables related to sex selling and purchasing. Findings may be used to improve identification of exchange sex in the substance use treatment setting and referral to targeted interventions to reduce associated risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Lathan
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Judy H Hong
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Angela M Heads
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas C Borgogna
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Bell RP, Towe SL, Lalee Z, Huettel SA, Meade CS. Neural sensitivity to risk in adults with co-occurring HIV infection and cocaine use disorder. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:859-872. [PMID: 32648056 PMCID: PMC7773226 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Persons with co-occurring HIV infection and cocaine use disorder tend to engage in riskier decision-making. However, the neural correlates of sensitivity to risk are not well-characterized in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the neural interaction effects of HIV infection and cocaine use disorder to sensitivity to risk. The sample included 79 adults who differed on HIV status and cocaine use disorder. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants completed a Wheel of Fortune (WoF) task that assessed neural activation in response to variations of monetary risk (i.e., lower probability of winning a larger reward). Across groups, neural activation to increasing risk was in cortical and subcortical regions similar to previous investigations using the WoF in nondrug-using populations. Our analyses showed that there was a synergistic effect between HIV infection and cocaine use in the left precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus, and right postcentral gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, cerebellum, and posterior parietal cortex. HIV+ individuals with cocaine use disorder displayed neural hyperactivation to increasing risk that was not observed in the other groups. These results support a synergistic effect of co-occurring HIV infection and cocaine dependence in neural processing of risk probability that may reflect compensation. Future studies can further investigate and validate how neural activation to increasing risk is associated with risk-taking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Bell
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sheri L Towe
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zahra Lalee
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Scott A Huettel
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Christina S Meade
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Kantak KM. Adolescent-onset vs. adult-onset cocaine use: Impact on cognitive functioning in animal models and opportunities for translation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 196:172994. [PMID: 32659242 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are poised to make key contributions to the study of cognitive deficits associated with chronic cocaine use in people. Advantages of animal models include use of a longitudinal experimental design that can control for drug use history and onset-age, sex, drug consumption, and abstinence duration. Twenty-two studies were reviewed (13 in adult male rats, 5 in adolescent vs. adult male rats, 3 in adult male monkeys, and 1 in adult female monkeys), and it was demonstrated repeatedly that male animals with adult-onset cocaine self-administration exposure had impairments in sustained attention, decision making, stimulus-reward learning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, but not habit learning and spatial learning and memory. These findings have translational relevance because adult cocaine users exhibit a similar range of cognitive deficits. In the limited number of studies available, male rats self-administering cocaine during adolescence were less susceptible than adults to impairment in cognitive flexibility, stimulus-reward learning, and decision making, but were more susceptible than adults to impairment in working memory, a finding also reported in the few studies performed in early-onset cocaine users. These findings suggest that animal models can help fill an unmet need for investigating important but yet-to-be-fully-addressed research questions in people. Research priorities include further investigation of differences between adolescents and adults as well as between males and females following chronic cocaine self-administration. A comprehensive understanding of the broad range of cognitive consequences of chronic cocaine use and the role of developmental plasticity can be of value for improving neuropsychological recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Kantak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
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Common and distinct brain activity associated with risky and ambiguous decision-making. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107884. [PMID: 32078973 PMCID: PMC7127964 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two often-studied forms of uncertain decision-making (DM) are risky-DM (outcome probabilities known) and ambiguous-DM (outcome probabilities unknown). While DM in general is associated with activation of several brain regions, previous neuroimaging efforts suggest a dissociation between activity linked with risky and ambiguous choices. However, the common and distinct neurobiological correlates associated with risky- and ambiguous-DM, as well as their specificity when compared to perceptual-DM (as a 'control condition'), remains to be clarified. We conducted multiple meta-analyses on neuroimaging results from 151 studies to characterize common and domain-specific brain activity during risky-, ambiguous-, and perceptual-DM. When considering all DM tasks, convergent activity was observed in brain regions considered to be consituents of the canonical salience, valuation, and executive control networks. When considering subgroups of studies, risky-DM (vs. perceptual-DM) was linked with convergent activity in the striatum and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), regions associated with reward-related processes (determined by objective functional decoding). When considering ambiguous-DM (vs. perceptual-DM), activity convergence was observed in the lateral prefrontal cortex and insula, regions implicated in affectively-neutral mental processes (e.g., cognitive control and behavioral responding; determined by functional decoding). An exploratory meta-analysis comparing brain activity between substance users and non-users during risky-DM identified reduced convergent activity among users in the striatum, cingulate, and thalamus. Taken together, these findings suggest a dissociation of brain regions linked with risky- and ambiguous-DM reflecting possible differential functionality and highlight brain alterations potentially contributing to poor decision-making in the context of substance use disorders.
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8
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Distinct relationships between risky decision making and cocaine self-administration under short- and long-access conditions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109791. [PMID: 31676462 PMCID: PMC7375467 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Substance use is strongly associated with impaired decision making, with cocaine use particularly linked to elevated risky and impulsive choice. It is not clear, however, whether such maladaptive decision making is a consequence of cocaine use or instead precedes and predisposes individuals to cocaine use. The current study was designed to specifically address the latter possibility with respect to risky choice in both male and female rats. Rats were first trained in a "Risky Decision-making Task" (RDT), in which they made discrete choices between a small, "safe" food reward and a large, "risky" food reward accompanied by increasing probabilities of mild footshock punishment. After reaching stable performance, rats underwent jugular catheter surgery followed by either short-access cocaine self-administration sessions (2 h, 0.5 mg/kg/infusion) for 5 days or long-access cocaine self-administration sessions (6 h, 0.5 mg/kg/infusion) for 14 days. Under short-access conditions, there was no relationship between risk preference and changes in cocaine intake over time, but greater risk aversion in females predicted greater overall cocaine intake. Under long-access conditions, heightened risk taking predicted greater escalation of cocaine intake over the course of self-administration, supporting the notion that pre-existing risk-taking behavior predicts cocaine intake. Collectively, results from these experiments have implications for understanding and identifying pre-existing vulnerabilities to substance use, which may lead to strategies to prevent development of substance use disorders.
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Steward T, Juaneda-Seguí A, Mestre-Bach G, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Vilarrasa N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Formoso JA, Veciana de Las Heras M, Custal N, Virgili N, Lopez-Urdiales R, García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela A, Menchón JM, Soriano-Mas C, Fernandez-Aranda F. What Difference Does it Make? Risk-Taking Behavior in Obesity after a Loss is Associated with Decreased Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101551. [PMID: 31569607 PMCID: PMC6832276 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered activity in decision-making neural circuitry may underlie the maladaptive food choices found in obesity. Here, we aimed to identify the brain regions purportedly underpinning risk-taking behavior in individuals with obesity. Twenty-three adult women with obesity and twenty-three healthy weight controls completed the Risky Gains Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This task allows participants to choose between a safe option for a small, guaranteed monetary reward and risky options with larger rewards. fMRI analyses comparing losing trials to winning trials found that participants with obesity presented decreased activity in the left anterior insula in comparison to controls (p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected). Moreover, left insula activation during losses vs. wins was negatively correlated with UPPS-P questionnaire sensation seeking scores. During safe vs. risky trials following a loss, the control group exhibited increased activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected) in comparison to the OB group. Moreover, vmPFC response in the obesity group during post-loss trials was negatively correlated with risky choices on the task overall. As a whole, our findings support that diminished tuning of the insula towards interoceptive signals may lead to a lack of input to the vmPFC when weighing the costs and benefits of risky choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Steward
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Asier Juaneda-Seguí
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose A Fernández-Formoso
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Nuria Custal
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Virgili
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Lopez-Urdiales
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Amador García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Service of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José M Menchón
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Zilverstand A, Huang AS, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Neuroimaging Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution in Human Drug Addiction: A Systematic Review. Neuron 2019; 98:886-903. [PMID: 29879391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) model proposes that impaired response inhibition and salience attribution underlie drug seeking and taking. To update this model, we systematically reviewed 105 task-related neuroimaging studies (n > 15/group) published since 2010. Results demonstrate specific impairments within six large-scale brain networks (reward, habit, salience, executive, memory, and self-directed networks) during drug cue exposure, decision making, inhibitory control, and social-emotional processing. Addicted individuals demonstrated increased recruitment of these networks during drug-related processing but a blunted response during non-drug-related processing, with the same networks also being implicated during resting state. Associations with real-life drug use, relapse, therapeutic interventions, and the relevance to initiation of drug use during adolescence support the clinical relevance of the results. Whereas the salience and executive networks showed impairments throughout the addiction cycle, the reward network was dysregulated at later stages of abuse. Effects were similar in alcohol, cannabis, and stimulant addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anna S Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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11
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Liu L, Xue G, Potenza MN, Zhang JT, Yao YW, Xia CC, Lan J, Ma SS, Fang XY. Dissociable neural processes during risky decision-making in individuals with Internet-gaming disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 14:741-749. [PMID: 28413776 PMCID: PMC5385591 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Risk-taking is purported to be central to addictive behaviors. However, for Internet gaming disorder (IGD), a condition conceptualized as a behavioral addiction, the neural processes underlying impaired decision-making (risk evaluation and outcome processing) related to gains and losses have not been systematically investigated. Forty-one males with IGD and 27 healthy comparison (HC) male participants were recruited, and the cups task was used to identify neural processes associated with gain- and loss-related risk- and outcome-processing in IGD. During risk evaluation, the IGD group, compared to the HC participants, showed weaker modulation for experienced risk within the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (t = - 4.07; t = - 3.94; PFWE < 0.05) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) (t = - 4.08; t = - 4.08; PFWE < 0.05) for potential losses. The modulation of the left DLPFC and bilateral IPL activation were negatively related to addiction severity within the IGD group (r = - 0.55; r = - 0.61; r = - 0.51; PFWE < 0.05). During outcome processing, the IGD group presented greater responses for the experienced reward within the ventral striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (t = 5.04, PFWE < 0.05) for potential gains, as compared to HC participants. Within the IGD group, the increased reward-related activity in the right OFC was positively associated with severity of IGD (r = 0.51, PFWE < 0.05). These results provide a neurobiological foundation for decision-making deficits in individuals with IGD and suggest an imbalance between hypersensitivity for reward and weaker risk experience and self-control for loss. The findings suggest a biological mechanism for why individuals with IGD may persist in game-seeking behavior despite negative consequences, and treatment development strategies may focus on targeting these neural pathways in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, the Child Study Center, the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuan-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cui-Cui Xia
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Students Counseling Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shan-Shan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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