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Bellmunt-Gil A, Vorobyev V, Parkkola R, Lötjönen J, Joutsa J, Kaasinen V. Frontal white and gray matter abnormality in gambling disorder: A multimodal MRI study. J Behav Addict 2024; 13:576-586. [PMID: 38935433 PMCID: PMC11220815 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in brain structural connections appear to be important in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders, but their role in behavioral addictions, such as gambling disorder (GD), is unclear. GD also offers a model to study addiction mechanisms without pharmacological confounding factors. Here, we used multimodal MRI data to examine the integrity of white matter connections in individuals with GD. We hypothesized that the affected areas would be in the fronto-striatal-thalamic circuit. Methods Twenty individuals with GD (mean age: 64 years, GD duration: 15.7 years) and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent detailed clinical examinations together with brain 3T MRI scans (T1, T2, FLAIR and DWI). White matter (WM) analysis involved fractional anisotropy and lesion load, while gray matter (GM) analysis included voxel- and surface-based morphometry. These measures were compared between groups, and correlations with GD-related behavioral characteristics were examined. Results Individuals with GD showed reduced WM integrity in the left and right frontal parts of the corona radiata and corpus callosum (pFWE < 0.05). WM gambling symptom severity (SOGS score) was negatively associated to WM integrity in these areas within the left hemisphere (p < 0.05). Individuals with GD also exhibited higher WM lesion load in the left anterior corona radiata (pFWE < 0.05). GM volume in the left thalamus and GM thickness in the left orbitofrontal cortex were reduced in the GD group (pFWE < 0.05). Conclusions Similar to substance addictions, the fronto-striatal-thalamic circuit is also affected in GD, suggesting that this circuitry may have a crucial role in addictions, independent of pharmacological substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Bellmunt-Gil
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Victor Vorobyev
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Juho Joutsa
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Mestre-Bach G, Potenza MN. Neural mechanisms linked to treatment outcomes and recovery in substance-related and addictive disorders. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 25:75-91. [PMID: 37594217 PMCID: PMC10444012 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2023.2242359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The present review focuses on potential neural mechanisms underlying recovery from psychiatric conditions characterised by impaired impulse control, specifically substance use disorders, gambling disorder, and internet gaming disorder. Existing treatments (both pharmacological and psychological) for these addictions may impact brain processes, and these have been evaluated in neuroimaging studies. Medication challenge and short-term intervention administration will be considered with respect to treatment utility. Main models of addiction (e.g., dual process, reward deficiency syndrome) will be considered in the context of extant data. Additionally, advanced analytic approaches (e.g., machine-learning approaches) will be considered with respect to guiding treatment development efforts. Thus, this narrative review aims to provide directions for treatment development for addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Centro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación (CITEI), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Antons S, Yip SW, Lacadie CM, Dadashkarimi J, Scheinost D, Brand M, Potenza MN. Connectome-based prediction of craving in gambling disorder and cocaine use disorder. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 25:33-42. [PMID: 37190759 PMCID: PMC10190201 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2023.2208586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Craving, involving intense and urgent desires to engage in specific behaviours, is a feature of addictions. Multiple studies implicate regions of salience/limbic networks and basal ganglia, fronto-parietal, medial frontal regions in craving in addictions. However, prior studies have not identified common neural networks that reliably predict craving across substance and behavioural addictions. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging during an audiovisual cue-reactivity task and connectome-based predictive modelling (CPM), a data-driven method for generating brain-behavioural models, were used to study individuals with cocaine-use disorder and gambling disorder. Functions of nodes and networks relevant to craving were identified and interpreted based on meta-analytic data. RESULTS Craving was predicted by neural connectivity across disorders. The highest degree nodes were mostly located in the prefrontal cortex. Overall, the prediction model included complex networks including motor/sensory, fronto-parietal, and default-mode networks. The decoding revealed high functional associations with components of memory, valence ratings, physiological responses, and finger movement/motor imagery. CONCLUSIONS Craving could be predicted across substance and behavioural addictions. The model may reflect general neural mechanisms of craving despite specificities of individual disorders. Prefrontal regions associated with working memory and autobiographical memory seem important in predicting craving. For further validation, the model should be tested in diverse samples and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Antons
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah W. Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cheryl M. Lacadie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Xue Y, Xie S, Wang X, Xi X, Liu C. White matter microstructure alterations in idiopathic restless legs syndrome: a study combining crossing fiber-based and tensor-based approaches. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1240929. [PMID: 37811323 PMCID: PMC10551141 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1240929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder characterized by an irrepressible urge to move the legs and frequently accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the legs. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying RLS remain unclear, and RLS is hypothesized to be associated with alterations in white matter tracts. Methods Diffusion MRI is a unique noninvasive method widely used to study white matter tracts in the human brain. Thus, diffusion-weighted images were acquired from 18 idiopathic RLS patients and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Whole brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and atlas-based analyzes combining crossing fiber-based metrics and tensor-based metrics were performed to investigate the white matter patterns in individuals with RLS. Results TBSS analysis revealed significantly higher fractional anisotropy (FA) and partial volume fraction of primary (F1) fiber populations in multiple tracts associated with the sensorimotor network in patients with RLS than in HCs. In the atlas based analysis, the bilateral anterior thalamus radiation, bilateral corticospinal tract, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, left hippocampal cingulum, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and left uncinate fasciculus showed significantl increased F1, but only the left hippocampal cingulum showed significantly higher FA. Discussion The results demonstrated that F1 identified extensive alterations in white matter tracts compared with FA and confirmed the hypothesis that crossing fiber-based metrics are more sensitive than tensor-based metrics in detecting white matter abnormalities in RLS. The present findings provide evidence that the increased F1 metric observed in sensorimotor tracts may be a critical neural substrate of RLS, enhancing our understanding of the underlying pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Xue
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sangma Xie
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xunheng Wang
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xugang Xi
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
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Hodges CB, Steinberg JL, Zuniga EA, Ma L, Bjork JM, Moeller FG. Chronic Cocaine Use and White Matter Coherence: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2023; 84:585-597. [PMID: 36971714 PMCID: PMC10488304 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.21-00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic substance use and its effects on brain function and structure has long been of interest to clinicians and researchers. Prior cross-sectional comparisons of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics have suggested deleterious effects of chronic substance use (i.e., cocaine use) on white matter coherence. However, it is unclear how these effects may replicate across geographic regions when examined with similar technologies. In this study, we sought to conduct a replication of previous work in this area and determine whether there are any patterns of persistent differences in white matter microstructure between individuals with a history of cocaine use disorder (CocUD, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) and healthy controls. METHOD A total of 46 participants (21 healthy controls, 25 chronic cocaine users) were recruited from the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area. Information regarding past and current substance use was collected from all participants. Participants also completed structural and DTI scans. RESULTS Consistent with previous DTI studies, significant differences were found between fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) CocUD and controls, with CocUD showing lower FA and AD in the right inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus, the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum, and the anterior, posterior, and superior corona radiata, among several other regions. These differences were not significant for other diffusivity metrics. Lifetime alcohol consumption was greater in the CocUD group, but lifetime alcohol consumption did not show a significant linear relationship with any of the DTI metrics in within-group regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS These data align with previously reported declines in white matter coherence in chronic cocaine users. However, it is less clear whether comorbid alcohol consumption results in an additive deleterious effect on white matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper B. Hodges
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Joel L. Steinberg
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward A. Zuniga
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Liangsuo Ma
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - James M. Bjork
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - F. Gerard Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Whole-brain white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4558. [PMID: 35296777 PMCID: PMC8927329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being. Using principal component analysis to first determine the possible personality profiles onto which core personality measures would load, we subsequently searched for whole-brain white matter correlations with these profiles. We found three personality profiles that correlated with the integrity of white matter tracts. The correlates of an “optimistic” personality profile suggest (a) an intricate network for self-referential processing that helps regulate negative affect and maintain a positive outlook on life, (b) a sustained capacity for visually tracking rewards in the environment and (c) a motor readiness to act upon the conviction that desired rewards are imminent. The correlates of a “short-term approach behavior” profile was indicative of minimal loss of integrity in white matter tracts supportive of lifting certain behavioral barriers, possibly allowing individuals to act more outgoing and carefree in approaching people and rewards. Lastly, a “long-term approach behavior” profile’s association with white matter tracts suggests lowered sensitivity to transient updates of stimulus-based associations of rewards and setbacks, thus facilitating the successful long-term pursuit of goals. Together, our findings yield convincing evidence that subjective well-being has its manifestations in the brain.
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Tolomeo S, Yu R. Brain network dysfunctions in addiction: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 35091540 PMCID: PMC8799706 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) provides novel insights into variabilities in neural networks associated with the use of addictive drugs or with addictive behavioral repertoire. However, given the broad mix of inconsistent findings across studies, identifying specific consistent patterns of network abnormalities is warranted. Here we aimed at integrating rsFC abnormalities and systematically searching for large-scale functional brain networks in substance use disorder (SUD) and behavioral addictions (BA), through a coordinate-based meta-analysis of seed-based rsFC studies. A total of fifty-two studies are eligible in the meta-analysis, including 1911 SUD and BA patients and 1580 healthy controls. In addition, we performed multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) for the brain regions reliably involved in hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity in SUD and BA. Data from fifty-two studies showed that SUD was associated with putamen, caudate and middle frontal gyrus hyperconnectivity relative to healthy controls. Eight BA studies showed hyperconnectivity clusters within the putamen and medio-temporal lobe relative to healthy controls. Altered connectivity in salience or emotion-processing areas may be related to dysregulated affective and cognitive control-related networks, such as deficits in regulating elevated sensitivity to drug-related stimuli. These findings confirm that SUD and BA might be characterized by dysfunctions in specific brain networks, particularly those implicated in the core cognitive and affective functions. These findings might provide insight into the development of neural mechanistic biomarkers for SUD and BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serenella Tolomeo
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Davis AD, Hassel S, Arnott SR, Hall GB, Harris JK, Zamyadi M, Downar J, Frey BN, Lam RW, Kennedy SH, Strother SC. Biophysical compartment models for single-shell diffusion MRI in the human brain: a model fitting comparison. Phys Med Biol 2021; 67. [PMID: 34965517 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac46de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinically oriented studies commonly acquire diffusion MRI (dMRI) data with a single non-zero b-value (i.e. single-shell) and diffusion weighting ofb=1000 s/mm2. To produce microstructural parameter maps, the tensor model is usually used, despite known limitations. Although compartment models have demonstrated improved fits in multi-shell dMRI data, they are rarely used for single-shell parameter maps, where their effectiveness is unclear from the literature. Here, various compartment models combining isotropic balls and symmetric tensors were fitted to single-shell dMRI data to investigate model fitting optimization and extract the most information possible. Full testing was performed in 5 subjects, and 3 subjects with multi-shell data were included for comparison. The results were tested and confirmed in a further 50 subjects. The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) model fitting technique outperformed non-linear least squares. Using MCMC, the 2-fibre-orientation mono-exponential ball & stick model (BSME2) provided artifact-free, stable results, in little processing time. The analogous ball & zeppelin model (BZ2) also produced stable, low-noise parameter maps, though it required much greater computing resources (50 000 burn-in steps). In single-shell data, the gamma-distributed diffusivity ball & stick model (BSGD2) underperformed relative to other models, despite being an often-used software default. It produced artifacts in the diffusivity maps even with extremely long processing times. Neither increased diffusion weighting nor a greater number of gradient orientations improved BSGD2fits. In white matter (WM), the tensor produced the best fit as measured by Bayesian information criterion. This result contrasts with studies using multi-shell data. However, in crossing fibre regions the tensor confounded geometric effects with fractional anisotropy (FA): the planar/linear WM FA ratio was 49%, while BZ2and BSME2retained 76% and 83% of restricted fraction, respectively. As a result, the BZ2and BSME2models are strong candidates to optimize information extraction from single-shell dMRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Davis
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, CANADA
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, CANADA
| | - Stephen R Arnott
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, CANADA
| | - Geoffrey B Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, CANADA
| | - Jacqueline K Harris
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, 8900 114 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E8, CANADA
| | - Mojdeh Zamyadi
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, CANADA
| | - Jonathan Downar
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, CANADA
| | - Benicio N Frey
- McMaster University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3K7, CANADA
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A1, CANADA
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, CANADA
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, CANADA
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Suchting R, Beard CL, Schmitz JM, Soder HE, Yoon JH, Hasan KM, Narayana PA, Lane SD. A meta-analysis of tract-based spatial statistics studies examining white matter integrity in cocaine use disorder. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12902. [PMID: 32267062 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have consistently shown diminished white matter (WM) integrity for individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD). The present study used seed-based d mapping (SDM) to determine the extent to which a systematic difference in the WM integrity of cocaine users may exist (as compared with that of healthy controls). Articles from 2006 (when TBSS was first developed) to present were reviewed, with eight selected for inclusion. Meta-analysis found lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the genu of the corpus callosum for cocaine users, with a small-to-moderate peak effect size (Hedge's g = -0.331). Sensitivity analyses mostly supported the robustness of the obtained difference. Differences detected at exploratory thresholds for significance suggested insult to WM integrity extending beyond the corpus callosum. The present results compliment a previous region-of-interest (ROI)-based meta-analysis of DTI studies in individuals with CUD. These findings have significant implications for the potential role of neuroprotective agents in the treatment of CUD and merit additional iteration as more studies accrue in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Suchting
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | | | - Joy M. Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Heather E. Soder
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Jin H. Yoon
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Khader M. Hasan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Ponnada A. Narayana
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Scott D. Lane
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
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10
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MacNiven KH, Leong JK, Knutson B. Medial forebrain bundle structure is linked to human impulsivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/38/eaba4788. [PMID: 32938676 PMCID: PMC7494337 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Comparative research indicates that projections from midbrain dopamine nuclei [including the ventral tegmental area (VTA)] to the ventral striatum [including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc)] critically support motivated behavior. Using diffusion-weighted imaging and probabilistic tractography in humans, we characterized the trajectory and structure of two tracts connecting the VTA and NAcc, as well as others connecting the substantia nigra and dorsal striatum. Decreased structural coherence of an inferior VTA-NAcc tract was primarily and replicably associated with increased trait impulsivity and also distinguished individuals with a stimulant use disorder from healthy controls. These findings suggest that decreased coherence of the inferior VTA-NAcc tract is associated with increased impulsivity in humans and identify a previously uncharacterized structural target for diagnosing disorders marked by impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly H MacNiven
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Josiah K Leong
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47405, USA
| | - Brian Knutson
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Gomis-Vicent E, Thoma V, Turner JJD, Hill KP, Pascual-Leone A. Review: Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Behavioral Addictions: Insights from Direct Comparisons With Substance Use Disorders. Am J Addict 2019; 28:431-454. [PMID: 31513324 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Treatment models developed for substance use disorders (SUDs) are often applied to behavioral addictions (BAs), even though the correspondence between these forms of addiction is unclear. This is also the case for noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques being investigated as potential treatment interventions for SUDs and BAs. OBJECTIVES to contribute to the development of more effective NIBS protocols for BAs. METHODS Two literature searches using PubMed and Google Scholar were conducted identifying a total of 35 studies. The first search identified 25 studies examining the cognitive and neurophysiological overlap between BAs and SUDs. The second search yielded 10 studies examining the effects of NIBS in BAs. RESULTS Impulsivity and cravings show behavioral and neurophysiologic overlaps between BAs and SUDs, however, other outcomes like working-memory abilities or striatal connectivity, differ between BAs and SUDs. The most-employed NIBS target in BAs was dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which was associated with a decrease in cravings, and less frequently with a reduction of addiction severity. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Direct comparisons between BAs and SUDs revealed discrepancies between behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes, but overall, common and distinctive characteristics underlying each disorder. The lack of complete overlap between BAs and SUDs suggests that investigating the cognitive and neurophysiological features of BAs to create individual NIBS protocols that target risk-factors associated specifically with BAs, might be more effective than transferring protocols from SUDs to BAs. Individualizing NIBS protocols to target specific risk-factors associated with each BA might help to improve treatment interventions for BAs. (Am J Addict 2019;00:1-23).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gomis-Vicent
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Applied Health and Communities, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Thoma
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Applied Health and Communities, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John J D Turner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Applied Health and Communities, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin P Hill
- Division of Addiction Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Institut Guttmann de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Gambling disorder is characterized by a persistent, recurrent pattern of gambling that is associated with substantial distress or impairment. The prevalence of gambling disorder has been estimated at 0.5% of the adult population in the United States, with comparable or slightly higher estimates in other countries. The aetiology of gambling disorder is complex, with implicated genetic and environmental factors. Neurobiological studies have implicated cortico-striato-limbic structures and circuits in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Individuals with gambling disorder often go unrecognized and untreated, including within clinical settings. Gambling disorder frequently co-occurs with other conditions, particularly other psychiatric disorders. Behavioural interventions, particularly cognitive-behavioural therapy but also motivational interviewing and Gamblers Anonymous, are supported in the treatment of gambling disorder. No pharmacological therapy has a formal indication for the treatment of gambling disorder, although placebo-controlled trials suggest that some medications, such as opioid-receptor antagonists, may be helpful. Given the associations with poor quality of life and suicide, improved identification, prevention, policy and treatment efforts are needed to help people with gambling disorder.
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13
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Clark L, Boileau I, Zack M. Neuroimaging of reward mechanisms in Gambling disorder: an integrative review. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:674-693. [PMID: 30214041 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) was reclassified as a behavioral addiction in the DSM-5 and shares clinical and behavioral features with substance use disorders (SUDs). Neuroimaging studies of GD hold promise in isolating core features of the addiction syndrome, avoiding confounding effects of drug neurotoxicity. At the same time, a neurobiologically-grounded theory of how behaviors like gambling can become addictive remains lacking, posing a significant hurdle for ongoing decisions in addiction nosology. This article integrates research on reward-related brain activity (functional MRI) and neurotransmitter function (PET) in GD, alongside the consideration of structural MRI data as to whether these signals more likely reflect pre-existing vulnerability or neuroadaptive change. Where possible, we point to qualitative similarities and differences with established markers for SUDs. Structural MRI studies indicate modest changes in regional gray matter volume and diffuse reductions in white matter integrity in GD, contrasting with clear structural deterioration in SUDs. Functional MRI studies consistently identify dysregulation in reward-related circuitry (primarily ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex), but evidence is mixed as to the direction of these effects. The need for further parsing of reward sub-processes is emphasized, including anticipation vs outcome, gains vs. losses, and disorder-relevant cues vs natural rewards. Neurotransmitter PET studies indicate amplified dopamine (DA) release in GD, in the context of minimal differences in baseline DA D2 receptor binding, highlighting a distinct profile from SUDs. Preliminary work has investigated further contributions of opioids, GABA and serotonin. Neuroimaging data increasingly highlight divergent profiles in GD vs. SUDs. The ability of gambling to perpetually activate DA (via maximal uncertainty) may contribute to neuroimaging similarities between GD and SUDs, whereas the supra-physiological DA effects of drugs may partly explain differences in the neuroimaging profile of the two syndromes. Coupled with consistent observations of correlations with gambling severity and related clinical variables within GD samples, the overall pattern of effects is interpreted as a likely combination of shared vulnerability markers across GD and SUDs, but with further experience-dependent neuroadaptive processes in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Clark
- Centre for Gambling Research, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Vivian M. Rakoff PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Zack
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Clinical Neuroscience Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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Tannous J, Mwangi B, Hasan KM, Narayana PA, Steinberg JL, Walss-Bass C, Moeller FG, Schmitz JM, Lane SD. Measures of possible allostatic load in comorbid cocaine and alcohol use disorder: Brain white matter integrity, telomere length, and anti-saccade performance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0199729. [PMID: 30625144 PMCID: PMC6326479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cocaine and alcohol use impart significant stress on biological and cognitive systems, resulting in changes consistent with an allostatic load model of neurocognitive impairment. The present study measured potential markers of allostatic load in individuals with comorbid cocaine/alcohol use disorders (CUD/AUD) and control subjects. Measures of brain white matter (WM), telomere length, and impulsivity/attentional bias were obtained. WM (CUD/AUD only) was indexed by diffusion tensor imaging metrics, including radial diffusivity (RD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Telomere length was indexed by the telomere to single copy gene (T/S) ratio. Impulsivity and attentional bias to drug cues were measured via eye-tracking, and were also modeled using the Hierarchical Diffusion Drift Model (HDDM). Average whole-brain RD and FA were associated with years of cocaine use (R2 = 0.56 and 0.51, both p < .005) but not years of alcohol use. CUD/AUD subjects showed more anti-saccade errors (p < .01), greater attentional bias scores (p < .001), and higher HDDM drift rates on cocaine-cue trials (Bayesian probability CUD/AUD > control = p > 0.99). Telomere length was shorter in CUD/AUD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Within the CUD/AUD group, exploratory regression using an elastic-net model determined that more years of cocaine use, older age, larger HDDM drift rate differences and shorter telomere length were all predictive of WM as measured by RD (model R2 = 0.79). Collectively, the results provide modest support linking CUD/AUD to putative markers of allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonika Tannous
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Khader M. Hasan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ponnada A. Narayana
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joel L. Steinberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - F. Gerard Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joy M. Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Lane
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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15
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Huang AS, Mitchell JA, Haber SN, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. The thalamus in drug addiction: from rodents to humans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0028. [PMID: 29352027 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairments in response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) have been proposed to underlie the clinical symptoms of drug addiction as mediated by cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical networks. The bulk of evidence supporting the iRISA model comes from neuroimaging research that has focused on cortical and striatal influences with less emphasis on the role of the thalamus. Here, we highlight the importance of the thalamus in drug addiction, focusing on animal literature findings on thalamic nuclei in the context of drug-seeking, structural and functional changes of the thalamus as measured by imaging studies in human drug addiction, particularly during drug cue and non-drug reward processing, and response inhibition tasks. Findings from the animal literature suggest that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral habenula and the mediodorsal nucleus may be involved in the reinstatement, extinction and expression of drug-seeking behaviours. In support of the iRISA model, the human addiction imaging literature demonstrates enhanced thalamus activation when reacting to drug cues and reduced thalamus activation during response inhibition. This pattern of response was further associated with the severity of, and relapse in, drug addiction. Future animal studies could widen their field of focus by investigating the specific role(s) of different thalamic nuclei in different phases of the addiction cycle. Similarly, future human imaging studies should aim to specifically delineate the structure and function of different thalamic nuclei, for example, through the application of advanced imaging protocols at higher magnetic fields (7 Tesla).This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Suzanne N Haber
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA .,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Potenza MN. Clinical neuropsychiatric considerations regarding nonsubstance or behavioral addictions. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 29302225 PMCID: PMC5741111 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2017.19.3/mpotenza] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, non-substance-use behaviors like gambling, gaming, and sex have received greater consideration as possible foci of addictions. In this article, I will review the recent history and current status of non-substance or behavioral addictions. A main focus will involve gambling and gambling disorder, given that the latter is currently the sole non-substance addictive disorder described in the main text of the current (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Internet gaming disorder, currently in the DSM-5 section addressing conditions that may need additional research, will also be considered, as will the concept of Internet addiction. Compulsive sexual behaviors (including problematic pornography use) will be considered, particularly with respect to how behavioral addictions may be considered in the forthcoming 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Child Study Center, the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, Connecticut, USA
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17
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Yip SW, Gross JJ, Chawla M, Ma SS, Shi XH, Liu L, Yao YW, Zhu L, Worhunsky PD, Zhang J. Is Neural Processing of Negative Stimuli Altered in Addiction Independent of Drug Effects? Findings From Drug-Naïve Youth with Internet Gaming Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1364-1372. [PMID: 29154365 PMCID: PMC5916358 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties in emotion regulation are commonly reported among individuals with alcohol and drug addictions and contribute to the acquisition and maintenance of addictive behaviors. Alterations in neural processing of negative affective stimuli have further been demonstrated among individuals with addictions. However, it is unclear whether these alterations are a general feature of addictions or are a result of prolonged exposure to drugs of abuse. To test the hypothesis of altered negative affect processing independent of drug effects, this study assessed neural function among drug-naïve youth with a behavioral addiction-Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Fifty-six young adults (28 with IGD, 28 matched controls) participated in fMRI scanning during performance of a well-validated emotion regulation task. Between-group differences in neural activity during task performance were assessed using a whole-brain, mixed-effects ANOVA with correction for multiple comparisons at currently recommended thresholds (voxel-level p<0.001, pFWE<0.05). Compared to controls, youth with IGD exhibited significantly blunted neural responses within distributed subcortical and cortical regions including the striatum, insula, lateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate in response to negative affective cues, as well as during emotion regulation. Independent component analysis (ICA) further identified between-group differences in engagement of a fronto-cingulo-parietal network, involving decreased engagement in IGD youth relative to controls. Study findings are largely consistent with those from prior neuroimaging studies in substance-use disorders, thus raising the possibility that neural processing of negative affect may be blunted across drug and behavioral addictions independent of acute or chronic drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Megha Chawla
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shan-Shan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jintao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, No. 19 XieJieKouWai Street, Haidian Strict, Beijing 100875, China, Tel: +861058800728, Fax: +8615010233046, E-mail:
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18
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Zhai ZW, Yip SW, Morie KP, Sinha R, Mayes LC, Potenza MN. Substance-use initiation moderates the effect of stress on white-matter microstructure in adolescents. Am J Addict 2018; 27:217-224. [PMID: 29569312 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While childhood stress may contribute risk to substance-use initiation and differences in brain white-matter development, understanding of the potential impact of substance-use initiation on the relationship between experienced stress and white-matter microstructure remains limited. OBJECTIVES This study examined whether substance-use initiation moderated the effect of perceived stress on white-matter differences using measures of primary white-matter fiber anisotropy. METHODS Forty adolescents (age 14.75 ± .87 years) were assessed on the Perceived Stress Scale, and 50% were determined to have presence of substance-use initiation. White-matter microstructure was examined using primary-fiber orientations anisotropy, which may reflect white-matter integrity, modeled separately from other fiber orientations in the same voxels. Analyses were conducted on regions of interest previously associated with childhood stress and substance use. RESULTS Lower perceived stress and presence of substance-use initiation were related to greater right cingulum primary-fiber measures. Substance-use-initiation status moderated the association between perceived stress and right cingulum primary-fiber measures, such that higher perceived stress was associated with lower right cingulum primary-fiber anisotropy in adolescents without substance-use initiation, but not in those with substance-use initiation. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Findings in primary-fiber anisotropy suggest differences in right cingulum white-matter integrity is associated with substance-use initiation in higher-stress adolescents. This reflects a possible pre-existing risk factor, an impact of early substance use, or a combination thereof. Examination of potential markers associated with substance-use initiation in white-matter microstructure among stress-exposed youth warrant additional investigation as such biomarkers may inform efforts relating to tailored interventions. (Am J Addict 2018;27:217-224).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Wei Zhai
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kristen P Morie
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Departments of Epidemiology, Pediatrics, and Psychology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
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19
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Yip SW, Worhunsky PD, Xu J, Morie KP, Constable RT, Malison RT, Carroll KM, Potenza MN. Gray-matter relationships to diagnostic and transdiagnostic features of drug and behavioral addictions. Addict Biol 2018; 23:394-402. [PMID: 28150390 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in neural structure have been reported in both cocaine-use disorder and gambling disorder, separately, suggesting similarities across addiction diagnoses. Individual variation in neural structure has also been associated with impulsivity, a dimensional construct implicated in addictions. This study combines categorical (diagnosis-based) and dimensional (transdiagnostic) approaches to identify neural structural alterations linked to addiction subtypes and trait impulsivity, respectively, across individuals with gambling disorder (n = 35), individuals with cocaine-use disorder (n = 37) and healthy comparison individuals (n = 37). High-resolution T1-weighted data were analyzed using modulated voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Statistical analyses were conducted using whole-brain general-linear models, corrected for family-wise error (pFWE < .05). Categorical analyses indicated a main effect of diagnostic group on prefrontal (dorsal anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortex) gray matter volumes (GMVs), involving decreased GMVs among cocaine-use disorder participants only. Dimensional analyses indicated a negative association between trait impulsivity and cortical (insula) and subcortical (amygdala and hippocampus) GMVs across all participants. Conjunction analysis indicated little anatomical overlap between regions identified as differentiating diagnostic groups and regions covarying with impulsivity. These data provide first evidence of neural structural differences between gambling disorder and an illicit substance-use disorder. They further indicate dissociable effects of diagnostic groupings and trait impulsivity on neural structure among individuals with behavioral and drug addictions. Study findings highlight the importance of considering both categorical and dimensional (e.g. Research Domain Criteria; RDoC) analysis approaches within the context of addictions research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Yip
- The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Patrick D. Worhunsky
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Jiansong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Kristen P. Morie
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - R. Todd Constable
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Robert T. Malison
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center; New Haven CT USA
| | - Kathleen M. Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center; New Haven CT USA
- Department of Neurobiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
- Yale Child Study Center; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
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20
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Hu Y, Long X, Lyu H, Zhou Y, Chen J. Alterations in White Matter Integrity in Young Adults with Smartphone Dependence. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:532. [PMID: 29163108 PMCID: PMC5673664 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smartphone dependence (SPD) is increasingly regarded as a psychological problem, however, the underlying neural substrates of SPD is still not clear. High resolution magnetic resonance imaging provides a useful tool to help understand and manage the disorder. In this study, a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to measure white matter integrity in young adults with SPD. A total of 49 subjects were recruited and categorized into SPD and control group based on their clinical behavioral tests. To localize regions with abnormal white matter integrity in SPD, the voxel-wise analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) on the whole brain was performed by TBSS. The correlation between the quantitative variables of brain structures and the behavior measures were performed. Our result demonstrated that SPD had significantly lower white matter integrity than controls in superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), superior corona radiata (SCR), internal capsule, external capsule, sagittal stratum, fornix/stria terminalis and midbrain structures. Correlation analysis showed that the observed abnormalities in internal capsule and stria terminalis were correlated with the severity of dependence and behavioral assessments. Our finding facilitated a primary understanding of white matter characteristics in SPD and indicated that the structural deficits might link to behavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Hu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanqing Lyu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Potenza MN. Clinical neuropsychiatric considerations regarding nonsubstance or behavioral addictions. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 19:281-291. [PMID: 29302225 PMCID: PMC5741111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, non-substance-use behaviors like gambling, gaming, and sex have received greater consideration as possible foci of addictions. In this article, I will review the recent history and current status of non-substance or behavioral addictions. A main focus will involve gambling and gambling disorder, given that the latter is currently the sole non-substance addictive disorder described in the main text of the current (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Internet gaming disorder, currently in the DSM-5 section addressing conditions that may need additional research, will also be considered, as will the concept of Internet addiction. Compulsive sexual behaviors (including problematic pornography use) will be considered, particularly with respect to how behavioral addictions may be considered in the forthcoming 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Child Study Center, the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, Connecticut, USA
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22
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Morie KP, Yip SW, Zhai ZW, Xu J, Hamilton KR, Mayes LC, Potenza MN, Potenza MN. White-matter crossing-fiber microstructure in adolescents prenatally exposed to cocaine. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 174:23-29. [PMID: 28292689 PMCID: PMC5555052 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is associated with risk-taking behaviors, including increased initiation of substance use in adolescence. The neurobiological underpinnings of these behaviors in adolescents with PCE are not well understood. The goal of this study was to compare diffusion-weighted imaging data between adolescents with and without PCE using crossing-fiber models, which may provide more comprehensive estimates of white-matter microstructure within regions of multiple (e.g., primary and secondary) fiber orientations. METHODS Thirty-nine PCE individuals and 17 comparably aged prenatally non-drug-exposed (NDE) youths were recruited from a longitudinal cohort followed since birth. White matter was examined using tensor-derived and crossing-fiber models. Whole-brain investigations were performed, as were analyses on seven white-matter regions, which included the splenium, body and genu of the corpus callosum, bilateral cingulum, and the right and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). RESULTS Whole-brain analyses revealed no group differences. However, ROI analyses for anisotropy estimates derived from the crossing-fiber model revealed significant group differences for secondary fibers, with reduced anisotropy among PCE adolescents compared to prenatally non-exposed youth in the right cingulum and the left SLF, and increased anisotropy in the genu. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that white-matter differences in PCE adolescents are subtle and localized primarily within secondary fiber orientations, perhaps arising from altered white-matter development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P. Morie
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Corresponding author: Kristen Morie,
| | - Sarah W. Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,National Center on Addictions and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Zu Wei Zhai
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jiansong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Kristen R. Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742 USA
| | - Linda C. Mayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,National Center on Addictions and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; National Center on Addictions and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
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23
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Ma L, Steinberg JL, Wang Q, Schmitz JM, Boone EL, Narayana PA, Moeller FG. A preliminary longitudinal study of white matter alteration in cocaine use disorder subjects. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 173:39-46. [PMID: 28192722 PMCID: PMC5704923 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have consistently shown that subjects with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) had altered white matter microstructure in the corpus callosum. It is believed that these alterations are due to preexisting factors, chronic cocaine use, or both. However, there is no published longitudinal DTI study on human cocaine users yet which could shed light on the relationship between cocaine use and DTI findings. METHODS This study used a longitudinal design and DTI to test if the white matter microstructure shows quicker alteration in CocUD subjects than controls. DTI data were acquired from eleven CocUD subjects who participated a treatment study and eleven non-drug-using controls at baseline (Scan 1) and after ten weeks (Scan 2). The baseline fractional anisotropy (FA), a general measure of white matter microstucture, and the change in FA (ΔFA, equals Scan 1 FA minus Scan 2 FA) were both compared between groups. RESULTS The two groups did not show a difference in FA at baseline. The CocUD subjects had significantly greater ΔFA than the controls in the left splenium of the corpus callosum. In CocUD subjects, greater ΔFA in this region was associated with shorter lifetime cocaine use and greater number of positive cocaine urine samples collected during the treatment. CONCLUSION The finding in the left splenium is consistent with previous animal studies and provide indirect evidence about the effects of chronic cocaine use on white matter alterations. The subject sample size is small, therefore the results should be treated as preliminary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsuo Ma
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Radiology, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Joel L. Steinberg
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Psychiatry, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Joy M. Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHSC), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edward L Boone
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ponnada A. Narayana
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, UTHSC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - F. Gerard Moeller
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Psychiatry, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Neurology, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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