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Wu W, Song W, Zhao J, Guo S, Hong M, Zheng J, Hua Y, Cao P, Liu R, Duan JA. Saiga antelope horn suppresses febrile seizures in rats by regulating neurotransmitters and the arachidonic acid pathway. Chin Med 2024; 19:78. [PMID: 38831318 PMCID: PMC11149251 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saiga antelope horn (SAH) is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating febrile seizure (FS) with precise efficacy, but its mechanism of action and functional substances are still unclear. Given the need for further research on SAH, our group conducted studies to elucidate its mechanisms and active substances. METHODS An FS rat pup model was constructed through intraperitoneal injection of LPS and hyperthermia induction. Behavioural indicators of seizures, hippocampal histopathological alterations, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and hippocampal levels of neurotransmitters were observed and measured to investigate the effects of SAH on FS model rats. Hippocampal metabolomics and network pharmacology analyses were conducted to reveal the differential metabolites, key peptides and pathways involved in the suppression of FS by SAH. RESULTS SAH suppressed FS, decreased the inflammatory response and regulated the Glu-GABA balance. Metabolomic analysis revealed 13 biomarkers of FS, of which SAH improved the levels of 8 differential metabolites. Combined with network pharmacology, a "biomarker-core target-key peptide" network was constructed. The peptides of SAH, such as YGQL and LTGGF, could exert therapeutic effects via the arachidonic acid pathway. Molecular docking and ELISA results indicated that functional peptides of SAH could bind to PTGS2 target, inhibiting the generation of AA and its metabolites in hippocampal samples. CONCLUSION In summary, the functional peptides contained in SAH are the main material basis for the treatment of FS, potentially acting through neurotransmitter regulation and the arachidonic acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wencong Song
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongqing Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Liu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Muniz MCR, Lima RV, Maia VQCC, Bezerra AM, Freire IF, Lima MCC, Matos YMT, Pontes LP, Cavalcante ANM. The protective effect of breastfeeding on febrile seizures: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2049-2058. [PMID: 38456990 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Several potential risk factors have been identified in the etiopathogenesis of febrile seizures (FS), including the type and extent of breastfeeding (BF). Given the lack of conclusive data, this study aims to systematically evaluate the evidence on the association between BF and FS. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted using descriptors for FS, BF, and formula feeding in MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases. We included observational studies that compared the incidence of FS between those who had ever breastfed and those who were formula fed. The study protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform under the number CRD42023474906. A total of 1,893,079 participants from 8 datasets were included. Our main analysis showed no significant association of any type of BF on the incidence of FS compared with formula-fed children (OR: 0.84; CI: 0.67-1.04; I2 = 78%; Cochran's Q = 0.0001), although meta-regression showed that BF was associated with a lower incidence of FS in preterm infants. Our secondary outcome showed a significantly reduced incidence of FS in children who received BF exclusively (OR: 0.80; CI: 0.65-0.99; I2 = 70%; Cochran's Q = 0.02). Conclusion: There was no significant reduction in the incidence of FS in those who were breastfed compared to formula feeding. However, our meta-regression analysis indicated an association between BF and a lower incidence of FS in preterm infants. Additionally, children who exclusively received BF had a significantly reduced incidence of FS. These findings should be further investigated in prospective cohorts. What is Known: • Breastfeeding can modify risk factors for febrile seizures, such as susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections, micronutrient deficiencies, and low birth weight. • However, studies have shown conflicting results regarding the impact of breastfeeding on febrile seizures. What is New: • When comparing any breastfeeding pattern with no breastfeeding, there is no significant difference in the incidence of febrile seizures. • When comparing exclusive breastfeeding with no breastfeeding, there may be a decrease in the occurrence of febrile seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Rocha Muniz
- Department of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321 - Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza - CE, Ceara, 60811-905, Brazil
| | - Rian Vilar Lima
- Department of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321 - Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza - CE, Ceara, 60811-905, Brazil.
| | | | - Arthur Meneses Bezerra
- Department of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321 - Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza - CE, Ceara, 60811-905, Brazil
| | - Isabela Franco Freire
- Department of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321 - Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza - CE, Ceara, 60811-905, Brazil
| | - Manuela Cavalcante Coling Lima
- Department of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321 - Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza - CE, Ceara, 60811-905, Brazil
| | - Yuri Marques Teixeira Matos
- Department of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321 - Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza - CE, Ceara, 60811-905, Brazil
| | - Letícia Pinheiro Pontes
- Department of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321 - Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza - CE, Ceara, 60811-905, Brazil
| | - Ana Nery Melo Cavalcante
- Department of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321 - Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza - CE, Ceara, 60811-905, Brazil
- PhD in Collective Health By the University of Fortaleza, Neonatologist Pediatrician at Dr. César Cals de Oliveira General Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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Tsytsarev V, Sopova JV, Leonova EI, Inyushin M, Markina AA, Chirinskaite AV, Volnova AB. Neurophotonic methods in approach to in vivo animal epileptic models: Advantages and limitations. Epilepsia 2024; 65:600-614. [PMID: 38115808 PMCID: PMC10948300 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonic technology is a rapidly growing group of techniques that are based on the interactions of light with natural or genetically modified cells of the neural system. New optical technologies make it possible to considerably extend the tools of neurophysiological research, from the visualization of functional activity changes to control of brain tissue excitability. This opens new perspectives for studying the mechanisms underlying the development of human neurological diseases. Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders; it is characterized by recurrent seizures and affects >1% of the world's population. However, how seizures occur, spread, and terminate in a healthy brain is still unclear. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop appropriate models to accurately explore the causal relationship of epileptic activity. The use of neurophotonic technologies in epilepsy research falls into two broad categories: the visualization of neural epileptic activity, and the direct optical influence on neurons to induce or suppress epileptic activity. An optogenetic variant of the classical kindling model of epileptic seizures, in which activatable cells are genetically defined, is called optokindling. Research is also underway concerning the application of neurophotonic techniques for suppressing epileptic activity, aiming to bring these methods into clinical practice. This review aims to systematize and describe new approaches that use combinations of different neurophotonic methods to work with in vivo models of epilepsy. These approaches overcome many of the shortcomings associated with classical animal models of epilepsy and thus increase the effectiveness of developing new diagnostic methods and antiepileptic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Leonova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00956, USA
| | - Alisa A. Markina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Angelina V. Chirinskaite
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna B. Volnova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Ye XG, She FZ, Yu DN, Wu LQ, Tang Y, Wu BZ, Dong SW, Dai JM, Zhou X, Liu ZG. Increased expression of NLRP3 associated with elevated levels of HMGB1 in children with febrile seizures: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:44. [PMID: 38218765 PMCID: PMC10787487 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is an endogenous danger signal that mediates activation of the innate immune response including NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and proinflammatory cytokine release. Although HMGB1 and NLRP3 have been implicated in the pathophysiology of seizures, the correlation between HMGB1 and NLRP3 expression has not been determined in children with febrile seizures (FS). To explore the relationship between extra-cellular HMGB1 and NLRP3 in children with FS, we analyzed serum HMGB1, NLRP3, caspase-1, and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with FS. METHODS Thirty children with FS and thirty age-matched febrile controls were included in this study. Blood was obtained from the children with FS within 1 h of the time of the seizure; subsequently, the serum contents of HMGB1, NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Mann‒Whitney U test was used to compare serum cytokine levels between FS patients and controls. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to detect significant correlations between cytokine levels. RESULTS Serum levels of HMGB1, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly higher in FS patients than in febrile controls (p < 0.05). Serum levels of HMGB1 were significantly correlated with levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 (both, p < 0.05). Serum levels of caspase-1 were significantly correlated with levels of IL-1β (p < 0.05). Serum levels of IL-1β were significantly correlated with levels of IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 is up-regulated in the peripheral serum of FS patients, which may be responsible, at least in part, for the increased expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1. Increased expression of caspase-1 was significantly associated with elevated serum levels of IL-1β. Given that activated Caspase-1 directly regulates the expression of mature IL-1β and positively correlates with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, our data suggest that increased levels of peripheral HMGB1 possibly mediate IL-1β secretion through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in children with FS. Thus, both HMGB1 and NLRP3 might be potential targets for preventing or limiting FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Guang Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng-Zhi She
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Ni Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Qian Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ben-Ze Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Wei Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie-Min Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Crespo M, León-Navarro DA, Martín M. Maternal Caffeine Consumption during Gestation and Lactation Abolishes Cortical Oxidative Stress and Restores Na +/K +-ATPase Activity in Neonates Exposed to Hyperthermia-Induced Seizures. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3292. [PMID: 38137513 PMCID: PMC10741554 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is a psychoactive substance that is widely consumed by individuals of various demographics, including pregnant women. It can readily cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, easily reaching the fetal brain. In addition, caffeine has also shown antioxidant properties, as its consumption reduces oxidative stress in various pathologies, including epilepsy. Febrile seizures (FS) are among the most common convulsive disorders in infants and young children. Here, we used an animal model of FS to learn whether maternal caffeine (1 g/L) intake consumption during gestation and lactation could exert beneficial effects on the rat cortex. Neonatal development was analyzed by measuring pinna opening, eye opening, righting reflex on the surface, and geotaxis reflex. Five and twenty days after HIS, the rats were euthanized, and plasma membranes and cytosolic fractions were isolated from their cortex brain. The enzymatic activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, Na+/K+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase, as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, were quantified. Results showed that maternal caffeine intake eliminates oxidative stress and normalizes Na+/K+-ATPase activity disrupted by HIS and also affects some parameters relating to the neurodevelopment of neonates. As FS in infants has been related to epilepsy in adults, the antioxidant properties of caffeine could prevent potential damage from hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Crespo
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Agustín León-Navarro
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
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Corrard F, Cohen R. The role of fever in febrile seizures: major implications for fever perception. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1269205. [PMID: 37822324 PMCID: PMC10562557 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1269205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- François Corrard
- ACTIV, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Créteil, France
- AFPA, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Talence, France
| | - Robert Cohen
- ACTIV, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Créteil, France
- AFPA, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Talence, France
- Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, Créteil, France
- GPIP, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique, Paris, France
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
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Cappellari AM, Mariani S, Bruschi G. Febrile seizures and convulsions with mild gastroenteritis: age-dependent acute symptomatic seizures. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1151770. [PMID: 37534200 PMCID: PMC10390780 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1151770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile seizures (FS) and benign convulsions in children with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) are acute symptomatic seizures, transiently occurring in infants and young children, probably related to the immaturity of the brain. Our paper aims to review the literature data on patients with FS and CwG. Methods A review of series of patients with FS and CwG was performed by literature search on PubMed January 1960 to October 2022. Several parameters were considered, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, electroencephalographic findings and other diagnostic studies, and treatment. Results FS and CwG share an age-dependent course, but they show significant differences in the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic studies, and treatment. Conclusion Acute symptomatic seizures include seizures that are caused by acute structural brain pathologies, such as stroke, as well as seizures that are provoked by a reversible factor, such as hyponatraemia, although the two groups should be not equated. Furthermore, FS and CwG should be set apart as "age-dependent acute symptomatic seizures", reinforcing the concept of their self-limited course over a certain period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M. Cappellari
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Department of Medical-Surgical and Transplant Pathophysiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Bruschi
- Department of Medical-Surgical and Transplant Pathophysiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Stafstrom CE. Warming Up to the Notion That Febrile Seizures Can Be Associated With Cognitive Impairment. Epilepsy Curr 2023; 23:199-201. [PMID: 37334416 PMCID: PMC10273815 DOI: 10.1177/15357597231163659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive Impairment Following Experimental Febrile Seizures Is Determined by Sex and Seizure Duration Kloc ML, Marchand DH, Holmes GL, Pressman RD, Barry JM. Epilepsy Behav. 2022;126:108430. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108430 Background: Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizures in children. While in most children the outcome is favorable, children with febrile status epilepticus may exhibit modest cognitive impairment. Whether children with other forms of complex febrile seizure, such as repetitive febrile seizures within the same illness are at risk of cognitive deficits is not known. In this study, we used a well-established model of experimental febrile seizures in rat pups to compare the effects of febrile status epilepticus and recurrent febrile seizures on subsequent spatial cognition and anxiety. Methods: Male and female rat pups were subjected to hyperthermic seizures at postnatal day 10 and were divided into groups of rats with continuous seizures for ≥40 min or recurrent febrile seizures. They were then tested as adults in the active avoidance and spatial accuracy tests to assess spatial learning and memory and the elevated plus maze to measure anxiety. Results: Febrile status epilepticus rats demonstrated impaired spatial cognition in active avoidance and spatial accuracy and exhibited reduced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. Rats with recurrent febrile seizures did not differ significantly from the controls on any measures. There were also significant sex-related differences with females with FSE performing far better than males with FSE in active avoidance but demonstrating a navigational learning impairment relative to CTL females in spatial accuracy. However, once learned, females with FSE performed the spatial accuracy task as well as CTL females. Conclusion: There is a duration-dependent effect of febrile seizures on subsequent cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Febrile status epilepticus resulted in spatial cognitive deficits and reduced anxiety-related behaviors whereas rats with recurrent febrile seizures did not differ from controls. Sex had a remarkable effect on spatial cognitive outcome where males with FSE fared worse than females with FSE. The results demonstrate that sex should be considered as a biological variable in studies evaluating the effects of seizures on the developing brain.
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Ashoor O, Mohammed HS, Radwan NM, Elge-baly R. Long-term serotonin abnormalities in the brain of immature rats subjected to febrile seizures. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1068-1075. [PMID: 37605718 PMCID: PMC10440141 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.70273.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common neurological disorder at a young age in humans. Animal models of hyperthermia-induced seizures provide a tool to investigate the underlying mechanisms of FS related to epilepsy development and its co-morbidities. The present study investigates the alterations in monoamine neurotransmitters in two brain areas: the cortex and the hippo-campus in animals subjected to prolonged FS at their immature age. Materials and Methods Experimental animals were divided into three groups: cage-control group (NHT-NFS), positive hyperthermic control group (HT-NFS), and the hyperthermia-induced febrile seizure group (HT-FS). Each group was further subdivided into young (Y) and adult (A) groups. Results There were significant changes in the cortical and hippocampal serotonin neurotransmitters that were persistent until adulthood. However, the changes in the two other neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and dopamine, were transient and have been recovered in adulthood. Conclusion The present study sheds more light on the importance of monoamine neurotransmitters in epileptogenesis following FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Ashoor
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Nasr M. Radwan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reem Elge-baly
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Li X, Ruan C, Wu Y, Musa M, Zibrila AI, Zhang Z, Salimeen M. Variances of quantifying of Virchow-Robin spaces detecting the different functional status of glymphatic system in simple febrile seizures affected by seizures duration. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32606. [PMID: 36596055 PMCID: PMC9803500 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Virchow-Robin spaces (VRs) in the cerebral glymphatic system play a vital role in waste clearance from the brain. Simple febrile seizures (SFS) are a common type of seizures marked by an inappropriate fluid exchange. The mechanism of evident differences in glymphatic function among SFS with varying seizure duration is unknown. Therefore, the goal of this study was to see whether there were any variations in glymphatic function among SFS based on seizures duration. We retrospectively studied 30 children with SFS lasting more than 5 minutes (SFS > 5M), 40 children with SFS lasting 5 minutes or less (SFS ≤ 5M), and 35 healthy controls aged 6 to 60 months who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A custom-designed automated method that used T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) to segment the visible VRs. The VRs metrics were measured and compared studied groups. The VRs metrics, seizure duration the time gap between seizure onset and MRI scan were studied as well. VRs counts were lower (P < .001) in the SFS ≤ 5M (445.80 ± 66.10) and the control (430.77 ± 182.55) groups in comparison to SFS > 5M (642.70 ± 100.62). Similar results were found for VRs volume (VRsvol_SFS > 5M, 8514.63 ± 835.33mm3, VRsvol_SFS ≤ 5M, 6390.43 ± 692.74 mm3, VRsvol_control, 6048.37 ± 111.50 mm3; P < .001). However, in the SFS ≤ 5M, VRs measurements were lower than in the SFS > 5M (P < .001). VRs measurements were positively connected with seizure duration and inversely correlated with the course following seizure onset and MRI scan time in both SFS groups. SFS are positively correlated to glymphatic dysfunction since they cause enlarged VRs; additionally, VRs can be used as a biomarker in SFS > 5M and contribute to the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yanan,China
| | - Cailian Ruan
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yanan City, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- MD Undergraduate Program, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an City, China
| | - Mazen Musa
- Department of Orthodontics, Al Tegana Dental Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdoulaye Issotina Zibrila
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Zhengxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an City, China
| | - Mustafa Salimeen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an City, China
- Department of Radiology, Dongola Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Dongola, Dongola City, Sudan
- * Correspondence: Mustafa Salimeen, Radiology Department, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an City, China (e-mail: )
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11
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Crespo M, León-Navarro DA, Martín M. Na +/K +- and Mg 2+-ATPases and Their Interaction with AMPA, NMDA and D 2 Dopamine Receptors in an Animal Model of Febrile Seizures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314638. [PMID: 36498965 PMCID: PMC9737571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) are one of the most common seizure disorders in childhood which are classified into short and prolonged, depending on their duration. Short FS are usually considered as benign. However, epidemiological studies have shown an association between prolonged FS and temporal lobe epilepsy. The development of animal models of FS has been very useful to investigate the mechanisms and the consequences of FS. One of the most used, the "hair dryer model", has revealed that prolonged FS may lead to temporal lobe epilepsy by altering neuronal function. Several pieces of evidence suggest that Na+/ K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase may play a role in this epileptogenic process. In this work, we found that hyperthermia-induced seizures (HIS) significantly increased the activity of Na+/ K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase five and twenty days after hyperthermic insult, respectively. These effects were diminished in response to AMPA, D2 dopamine A1 and A2A receptors activation, respectively. Furthermore, HIS also significantly increased the protein level of the AMPA subunit GluR1. Altogether, the increased Na+/ K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase agree well with the presence of protective mechanisms. However, the reduction in ATPase activities in the presence of NMDA and AMPA suggest an increased propensity for epileptic events in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Crespo
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Agustín León-Navarro
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-926-052-114
| | - Mairena Martín
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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12
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Tiwari A, Meshram RJ, Kumar Singh R. Febrile Seizures in Children: A Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e31509. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Katsarou AM, Kubova H, Auvin S, Mantegazza M, Barker-Haliski M, Galanopoulou AS, Reid CA, Semple BD. A companion to the preclinical common data elements for rodent models of pediatric acquired epilepsy: A report of the TASK3-WG1B, Pediatric and Genetic Models Working Group of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force. Epilepsia Open 2022. [PMID: 35950641 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy syndromes during the early years of life may be attributed to an acquired insult, such as hypoxic-ischemic injury, infection, status epilepticus, or brain trauma. These conditions are frequently modeled in experimental rodents to delineate mechanisms of epileptogenesis and investigate novel therapeutic strategies. However, heterogeneity and subsequent lack of reproducibility of such models across laboratories is an ongoing challenge to maintain scientific rigor and knowledge advancement. To address this, as part of the TASK3-WG1B Working Group of the International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society Joint Translational Task Force, we have developed a series of case report forms (CRFs) to describe common data elements for pediatric acquired epilepsy models in rodents. The "Rodent Models of Pediatric Acquired Epilepsy" Core CRF was designed to capture cohort-general information; while two Specific CRFs encompass physical induction models and chemical induction models, respectively. This companion manuscript describes the key elements of these models and why they are important to be considered and reported consistently. Together, these CRFs provide investigators with the tools to systematically record critical information regarding their chosen model of acquired epilepsy during early life, for improved standardization and transparency across laboratories. These outcomes will support the ultimate goal of such research; that is, to understand the childhood onset-specific biology of epileptogenesis after acquired insults, and translate this knowledge into therapeutics to improve pediatric patient outcomes and minimize the lifetime burden of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Katsarou
- Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Hana Kubova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stéphane Auvin
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, INSERM UMR 1141, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- Inserm, LabEx ICST, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Melissa Barker-Haliski
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Christopher A Reid
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Maikoo S, Wilkins A, Qulu L. The effect of oxytocin and an enriched environment on anxiety-like behaviour and corticosterone levels in a prenatally stressed febrile seizure rat model. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:47-56. [PMID: 36590100 PMCID: PMC9795298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile seizures (FS) are a neurological abnormality which occur following a fever that has resulted from a systemic infection and are characterised by convulsions. These convulsions occur due to abnormally increased signalling of interleukin-1 beta, resulting in increased neuronal hyper-excitability. Furthermore, exposure to prenatal stress has been shown to exacerbate seizure duration, elicit anxiety-like behaviour and corticosterone levels. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide with anxiolytic, social bonding, and stress regulation effects. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess whether oxytocin can attenuate the anxiety-like behaviour and increased corticosterone in rat offspring exposed to prenatal stress and FS. Method Sprague Dawley rats were mated. On GND14, prenatal stress was induced on pregnant dams for 1 hr/7 days. On PND 14, rat pups were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 μg/kg, i.p.) followed 2.5 h later by an i.p. injection of kainic acid (KA, 1.75 mg/kg). Oxytocin (1 mg/kg) was induced via different routes (intraperitoneal or intranasal) as well an enriched environment between PND 22-26. The enriched environment included larger cages (1560 cm2) with only 4 pups per cage, compared to those groups not receiving enrichment (646 cm2), as well as cardboard rolls and plastic toys. On PND 27-33 the light/dark box and elevated plus maze were used to assess anxiety-like behaviour. On PND 34 all rats were euthanized using a sharp guillotine, trunk blood and hypothalamic tissue were collected for neurochemical analysis (ELISA kit). Results Our findings confirmed that exposure to both prenatal stress and febrile seizures resulted anxiety-like behaviour and significantly higher plasma corticosterone concentrations compared to their counterparts. Environmental enrichment was significantly effective in attenuating the increased basal corticosterone levels and anxiety-like behaviour seen in the prenatally stressed FS rat. Although direct administration of oxytocin showed higher significance in reducing corticosterone plasma levels when compared to the enriched environment. Furthermore, hypothalamic oxytocin levels were not significant in rat exposed to environmental enrichment while oxytocin treatment showed a significant effect when compared to their counterparts. Conclusion Therefore, oxytocin administration during early postnatal development shows great potential in reversing the effects of prenatal stress and its subsequent exacerbation of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyal Maikoo
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andria Wilkins
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences, Department of Human Physiology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lihle Qulu
- Stellenbosch University - Tygerberg Campus: Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Capetown, South Africa,Corresponding author.
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15
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Aliasin MM, Yazdanpanah N, Rezaei N. Neurological and neuropsychological adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines - where do we stand? Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:721-743. [PMID: 35334195 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The devastating characteristic of COVID-19 pandemic calls for immediate and effective solutions to tackle it. Vaccines seem to be the only promising and effective way to fight against the novel coronavirus - even against new mutated variants. Because of the rapid development and distribution of numerous COVID-19 vaccines in different platforms, meticulous evaluation of vaccines' safety is more critical than ever - especially given the fact that most of the candidates have not completed the clinical phase. Therefore, to optimize the vaccines' safety and efficacy, it is highly important to carefully report and scientifically discuss the serious adverse effects following vaccination. In this respect, we discuss different neurological and neuropsychological adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines including demyelinating diseases, Bell's palsy (BP), cerebrovascular complications, seizures, functional neurological disorders (FNDs), and some other rare adverse events, and hypothetical mechanisms which can lead to the reported side effects. Given the fact that the incidence of such events are rare and most of them are treatable, the current review aims to shed light on how much the relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and these complications can be reliable and provide an insight for future studies with much more meticulous methodologies to discuss the possible correlational or causal relationship between these complications and COVID-19 vaccines and elucidate whether or not the neurological side effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines can count as a considerable threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Aliasin
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176 13151 Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14177 55331 Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Yazdanpanah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176 13151 Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176 13151 Tehran, Iran
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16
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Craiu D, Rener Primec Z, Lagae L, Vigevano F, Trinka E, Specchio N, Bakhtadze S, Cazacu C, Golli T, Zuberi SM. Vaccination and childhood epilepsies. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 36:57-68. [PMID: 34922162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evidence relating vaccination to febrile seizures and epilepsy is evaluated with an emphasis on febrile seizures (FS), Dravet syndrome (DS), West syndrome, and other developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. METHODS A systematic literature review using search words vaccination/immunization AND febrile seizures/epilepsy/Dravet/epileptic encephalopathy/developmental encephalopathy was performed. The role of vaccination as the cause/trigger/aggravation factor for FS or epilepsies and preventive measures were analyzed. RESULTS From 1428 results, 846 duplicates and 447 irrelevant articles were eliminated; 120 were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that vaccinations cause epilepsy in healthy populations. Vaccinations do not cause epileptic encephalopathies but may be non-specific triggers to seizures in underlying structural or genetic etiologies. The first seizure in DS may be earlier in vaccinated versus non-vaccinated patients, but developmental outcome is similar in both groups. Children with a personal or family history of FS or epilepsy should receive all routine vaccinations. This recommendation includes DS. The known risks of the infectious diseases prevented by immunization are well established. Vaccination should be deferred in case of acute illness. Acellular pertussis DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) is recommended. The combination of certain vaccine types may increase the risk of febrile seizures however the public health benefit of separating immunizations has not been proven. Measles-containing vaccine should be administered at age 12-15 months. Routine prophylactic antipyretics are not indicated, as there is no evidence of decreased FS risk and they can attenuate the antibody response following vaccination. Prophylactic measures (preventive antipyretic medication) are recommended in DS due to the increased risk of prolonged seizures with fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Craiu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, Pediatric Neurology Discipline II, Strada Dionisie Lupu No. 37, postal code: 020021, Bucharest/S2, Romania; Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Center of Expertise for Rare Disorders in Pediatric Neurology, EpiCARE member, Sos. Berceni 10, Bucharest/S4, Romania.
| | - Zvonka Rener Primec
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana Bohoričeva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Lieven Lagae
- University of Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Paediatric Neurology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onofrio, 4, 00151, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Affiliated Member of the European Reference Network, EpiCARE, 5020, Salzburg, Austria; Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onofrio, 4, 00151, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sophia Bakhtadze
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Tbilisi State Medical University, 0160, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Cristina Cazacu
- Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Center of Expertise for Rare Disorders in Pediatric Neurology, EpiCARE member, Sos. Berceni 10, Bucharest/S4, Romania.
| | - Tanja Golli
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana Bohoričeva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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17
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Zaniani NR, Roohbakhsh A, Moghimi A, Mehri S. Protective effect of Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist on inflammation, EEG, and memory changes following febrile seizure in Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 420:113723. [PMID: 34923024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and fever are the main triggers in febrile seizures (FS). Focusing on inflammatory pathways and anti-inflammatory drugs could compensate for the limitations of existing medications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of specific antagonizing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as a prominent inflammatory axis, on the consequences of FS and adulthood using animal models. Complex FS was induced on 9-11 day old male rat pups using a heated chamber. TAK-242, as a specific TLR4 inhibitor, was injected intraperitoneally before seizure induction. Seizure threshold, duration, and spike number were measured by electrocorticography. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, TLR4 protein expression, and oxidative stress markers were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assessments in the cortex and hippocampus. Also, spatial and non-spatial memory were evaluated using the novel object recognition test (NORT) and double Y-maze test during adulthood. The results revealed that provoked inflammatory responses in neonate rats, after FS, were associated with the increase of the tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and enhanced TLR4 protein expression. Meanwhile, based on performed behavioral tests, the inflammatory process was also involved in adulthood memory deficit. Pretreatment with TAK-242 reduced the inflammatory cytokines and TLR4 protein expression in the cortex and hippocampus of neonate rats and improvement in memory deficit in NORT and double Y-maze tasks. Also, pretreatment with TAK-242 elevated seizure threshold, SOD, and CAT activities, and decreased seizure duration and MDA level with no significant change in spike number. TAK-242 possibly controlled FS via inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosaibeh Riahi Zaniani
- Rayan Research Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Moghimi
- Rayan Research Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Wolf DC, Desgent S, Sanon NT, Chen JS, Elkaim LM, Bosoi CM, Awad PN, Simard A, Salam MT, Bilodeau GA, Duss S, Sawan M, Lewis EC, Weil AG. Sex differences in the developing brain impact stress-induced epileptogenicity following hyperthermia-induced seizures. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 161:105546. [PMID: 34742878 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) are common, affecting 2-5% of children between the ages of 3 months and 6 years. Complex FS occur in 10% of patients with FS and are strongly associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Current research suggests that predisposing factors, such as genetic and anatomic abnormalities, may be necessary for complex FS to translate to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Sex hormones are known to influence seizure susceptibility and epileptogenesis, but whether sex-specific effects of early life stress play a role in epileptogenesis is unclear. Here, we investigate sex differences in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis following chronic stress and the underlying contributions of gonadal hormones to the susceptibility of hyperthermia-induced seizures (HS) in rat pups. Chronic stress consisted of daily injections of 40 mg/kg of corticosterone (CORT) subcutaneously from postnatal day (P) 1 to P9 in male and female rat pups followed by HS at P10. Body mass, plasma CORT levels, temperature threshold to HS, seizure characteristics, and electroencephalographic in vivo recordings were compared between CORT- and vehicle (VEH)-injected littermates during and after HS at P10. In juvenile rats (P18-P22), in vitro CA1 pyramidal cell recordings were recorded in males to investigate excitatory and inhibitory neuronal circuits. Results show that daily CORT injections increased basal plasma CORT levels before HS and significantly reduced weight gain and body temperature threshold of HS in both males and females. CORT also significantly lowered the generalized convulsions (GC) latency while increasing recovery time and the number of electrographic seizures (>10s), which had longer duration. Furthermore, sex-specific differences were found in response to chronic CORT injections. Compared to females, male pups had increased basal plasma CORT levels after HS, longer recovery time and a higher number of electrographic seizures (>10s), which also had longer duration. Sex-specific differences were also found at baseline conditions with lower latency to generalized convulsions and longer duration of electrographic seizures in males but not in females. In juvenile male rats, the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the amplitude of inhibitory postsynaptic currents, were significantly greater in CORT rats when compared to VEH littermates. These findings not only validate CORT injections as a stress model, but also show a sex difference in baseline conditions as well as a response to chronic CORT and an impact on seizure susceptibility, supporting a potential link between sustained early-life stress and complex FS. Overall, these effects also indicate a putatively less severe phenotype in female than male pups. Ultimately, studies investigating the biological underpinnings of sex differences as a determining factor in mental and neurologic problems are necessary to develop better diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic approaches for all patients regardless of their sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele C Wolf
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Sébastien Desgent
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie T Sanon
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jia-Shu Chen
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lior M Elkaim
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ciprian M Bosoi
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia N Awad
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexe Simard
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Muhammad T Salam
- Laboratoire Polystim, Département de génie électrique, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume-Alexandre Bilodeau
- LITIV Lab., Département de génie informatique et génie logiciel, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandra Duss
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- Laboratoire Polystim, Département de génie électrique, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Alexander G Weil
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Neurosurgery Service, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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19
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Lapshina KV, Guzhova IV, Ekimova IV. Preventive Administration of the Heat Shock Protein Hsp70 Relieves Endotoxemia-Induced Febrile Reaction in Pigeons ( Columba livia ) and Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021; 57:1060-1071. [PMID: 34720177 PMCID: PMC8547305 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The stress-inducible 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) can
exert a protective effect on endotoxemia and sepsis due to its ability
to interact with immune cells and modulate the immune response.
However, it remains unknown whether Hsp70 is able to relieve endotoxemia-induced fever.
We carried out a comparative study of the effects of preventive
administration of the human recombinant Hsp70 (HSPA1A) on lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)-induced endotoxemia in pigeons and rats with preimplanted
electrodes and thermistors for recording the thermoregulation parameters (brain
temperature, peripheral vasomotor reaction, muscular contractile
activity). Additionally, we analyzed the dynamics of the white blood
cell (WBC) count in rats under the same conditions. It was found
that preventive administration of Hsp70 relieves the LPS-induced
febrile reaction in pigeons and rats and accelerates the restoration
of the WBC count in rats. The data obtained suggest that these warm-blooded
animals share a common physiological mechanism that underlies the
protective effect of Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Lapshina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Ekimova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Chindo BA, Howes MJR, Abuhamdah S, Yakubu MI, Ayuba GI, Battison A, Chazot PL. New Insights Into the Anticonvulsant Effects of Essential Oil From Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon Balm). Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:760674. [PMID: 34721045 PMCID: PMC8551917 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melissa officinalis L. is used in traditional European and Iranian folk medicines to treat a plethora of neurological diseases including epilepsy. We utilized the in vitro and in vivo models of epilepsy to probe the anticonvulsant potentials of essential oil from M. officinalis (MO) to gain insight into the scientific basis for its applications in traditional medicine for the management of convulsive disorders. MO was evaluated for effects on maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) -induced seizures in mice, on 4–aminopyridine (4-AP)-brain slice model of epilepsy and sustained repetitive firing of current clamped neurons; and its ameliorative effects were examined on seizure severity, anxiety, depression, cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuronal cell loss in PTZ-kindled rats. MO reversibly blocked spontaneous ictal-like discharges in the 4-AP-brain slice model of epilepsy and secondary spikes from sustained repetitive firing, suggesting anticonvulsant effects and voltage-gated sodium channel blockade. MO protected mice from PTZ– and MES–induced seizures and mortality, and ameliorated seizure severity, fear-avoidance, depressive-like behavior, cognitive deficits, oxidative stress and neuronal cell loss in PTZ–kindled rats. The findings warrant further study for the potential use of MO and/or its constituent(s) as adjunctive therapy for epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Chindo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | | | - Sawsan Abuhamdah
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.,College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Musa I Yakubu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Godwin I Ayuba
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | | | - Paul L Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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21
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Kchaou K, Kammoun I, Chakroun S, Haddar A, Masmoudi K. Clinical Predictive Factors of Pathological EEG in Children with Febrile Seizures and Their Association with Subsequent Epileptic Seizures. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify clinical parameters predicting either a pathological EEG or a subsequent epileptic seizure (SES), based on the relation between paroxysmal EEG abnormalities and clinical features in children who presented at least one febrile seizure (FS). We collected data of children who presented to our department during the period 2013 to 2018 for EEG recording as part of their febrile seizure assessment. Only children aged between 1 month to 5 years were included. Both the clinical and EEG data were retrospectively collected and statistically studied. We performed a detailed analysis of the EEG recordings. SES was identified for patients with sufficient follow-up. A total of 120 children were included in the study, of whom 48% had EEG abnormalities. Psychomotor retardation (p = 0.002), completion of an EEG within 7 days of the last FS (p = 0.046), and late age (> 3 years) of the first FS onset (p = 0.021) were significantly associated with a pathological EEG. In multivariate analysis, performing early EEG (< 7 days from the last FS) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.35; p = 0.043; confidence interval [CI]: 1.028–5.375) and psychomotor retardation (OR: 4.19; p = 0.008; CI: 1.46–12) were independent predictors of a pathological EEG. Of 120 patients, 45 had a follow-up. However, only 10 (22.22%) had SES. Children with SES tended more to have a psychomotor delay, compared with children without SES (50% vs. 14.28%, p = 0.029). Moreover, the percentage of initial abnormal EEG in patients with SES was significantly higher than those without SES (70% vs. 34.28%, p = 0.05). Even though some FS characteristics predict EEG abnormalities, they are not always associated with SES. We highlight the importance of performing an EEG in the group of children who had both FS and psychomotor retardation. This is most likely the group at the highest risk of developing epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Kchaou
- Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Kammoun
- Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Chakroun
- Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Asma Haddar
- Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kaouthar Masmoudi
- Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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22
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A dynamics model of neuron-astrocyte network accounting for febrile seizures. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 16:411-423. [PMID: 35401866 PMCID: PMC8934847 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizure (FS) is a full-body convulsion caused by a high body temperature that affect young kids, however, how these most common of human seizures are generated by fever has not been known. One common observation is that cortical neurons become overexcited with abnormal running of sodium and potassium ions cross membrane in raised body temperature condition, Considering that astrocyte Kir4.1 channel play a critical role in maintaining extracellular homeostasis of ionic concentrations and electrochemical potentials of neurons by fast depletion of extracellular potassium ions, we examined here the potential role of temperature-dependent Kir4.1 channel in astrocytes in causing FS. We first built up a temperature-dependent computational model of the Kir4.1 channel in astrocytes and validated with experiments. We have then built up a neuron-astrocyte network and examine the role of the Kir4.1 channel in modulating neuronal firing dynamics as temperature increase. The numerical experiment demonstrated that the Kir4.1 channel function optimally in the body temperature around 37 °C in cleaning 'excessive' extracellular potassium ions during neuronal firing process, however, higher temperature deteriorates its cleaning function, while lower temperature slows down its cleaning efficiency. With the increase of temperature, neurons go through different stages of spiking dynamics from spontaneous slow oscillations, to tonic spiking, fast bursting oscillations, and eventually epileptic bursting. Thus, our study may provide a potential new mechanism that febrile seizures may be happened due to temperature-dependent functional disorders of Kir4.1 channel in astrocytes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-021-09706-w.
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23
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Larson EA, Accardi MV, Zhong Y, Paquette D, Authier S. Drug-Induced Seizures: Considerations for Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Toxicol 2021; 40:403-412. [PMID: 34514888 DOI: 10.1177/10915818211040483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A broad spectrum of chemical entities have been associated with drug-induced seizure (DIS), emphasizing the importance of this potential liability across various drug classes (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, antibiotics, and analgesics among others). Despite its importance within drug safety testing, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with DIS is often lacking. The etiology of DIS is understood to be a result of either a deficit in inhibitory (e.g., gamma aminobutyric acid) or an elevated excitatory (e.g., glutamate) signaling, leading to synchronous neuronal depolarization affecting various brain regions and impairing normal neurological functions. How this altered neuronal signaling occurs and how these changes interact with other non-brain receptor driven DIS-associated changes such as metabolic disturbances, electrolyte imbalances, altered drug metabolism, and withdrawal effects are poorly understood. Herein, we discuss important molecular mechanisms identified in DIS for several drugs and/or drug classes. With a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with DIS, in vivo or in vitro models may be applied to characterize and mitigate DIS risk during drug development. Susceptibility stratification for DIS presents species differences in the following order beagle dogs > rodents and cynomolgus monkeys > Göttingen minipigs with a more than 2-fold difference between canines and minipigs, which is important to consider during non-clinical species selection. While clinical signs such as myoclonus, severe muscle jerks, or convulsions are often associated with abnormal epileptiform EEG activity, tremors are most of the time physiological and rarely observed with concurrent epileptiform EEG activity which need to be considered during DIS risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yifei Zhong
- Charles River Laboratories, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Simon Authier
- Charles River Laboratories, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Santos RO, Secolin R, Barbalho PG, Silva-Alves MS, Alvim MKM, Yasuda CL, Rogerio F, Velasco TR, Sakamoto AC, Teixeira AL, Cendes F, Maurer-Morelli CV, Lopes-Cendes I. Multidimensional Approach Assessing the Role of Interleukin 1 Beta in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:690847. [PMID: 34421794 PMCID: PMC8375265 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.690847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the mechanisms underlying mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE+HS). We assessed a cohort of 194 patients with MTLE+HS and 199 healthy controls. Patients were divided into those with positive and negative antecedent febrile seizures (FS). We used a multidimensional approach, including (i) genetic association with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL1B gene; (ii) quantification of the IL1B transcript in the hippocampal tissue of patients with refractory seizures; and (iii) quantification of the IL-1β protein in the plasma. We found a genetic association signal for two SNPs, rs2708928 and rs3730364*C in the IL1B gene, regardless of the presence of FS (adjusted p = 9.62e–11 and 5.14e–07, respectively). We found no difference between IL1B transcript levels when comparing sclerotic hippocampal tissue from patients with MTLE+HS, without FS, and hippocampi from autopsy controls (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, we found increased IL-1β in the plasma of patients with MTLE+HS with FS compared with controls (p = 0.0195). Our results support the hypothesis of a genetic association between MTLE+HS and the IL1B gene
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato O Santos
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia G Barbalho
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Silva-Alves
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marina K M Alvim
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Clarissa L Yasuda
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rogerio
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tonicarlo R Velasco
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Americo C Sakamoto
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Claudia V Maurer-Morelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
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25
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Maniu I, Costea R, Maniu G, Neamtu BM. Inflammatory Biomarkers in Febrile Seizure: A Comprehensive Bibliometric, Review and Visualization Analysis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081077. [PMID: 34439695 PMCID: PMC8394500 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory markers association with many diseases is the subject of many articles and reviews. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric review and visualization analysis of inflammatory biomarkers (IB) in the context of febrile seizure (FS) patients. Methods: The study focused on IB in FS using (1) bibliometric analysis specific indicators and maps in order to analyze and present the network of authors, journals, universities, and countries, and (2) automated literature screening and unsupervised clustering approach for filtering and topic cluster identification. Results: We conducted a literature mining search on FS research, specifically IB in the context of FS, using the automated tools VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. Indices of the inflammatory response (in the context of febrile seizures) identified by the literature mining are (pro/anti-inflammatory) cytokines, such as interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, I-10, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). The resulted bibliometric maps and topic clusters offer a comprehensive overview, the status and leading trends on existing research of inflammatory biomarkers in FS. Conclusion: The analysis using bibliometrics and review with graphical presentations can be useful in investigating and (better) understanding the relationship between FS and IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Maniu
- Research Center in Informatics and Information Technology, Mathematics and Informatics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lucian Blaga University, 550025 Sibiu, Romania;
- Research Compartment, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (B.M.N.)
| | - Raluca Costea
- Research Compartment, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
- Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - George Maniu
- Research Center in Informatics and Information Technology, Mathematics and Informatics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lucian Blaga University, 550025 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Mihai Neamtu
- Research Compartment, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Computer and Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Lucian Blaga University, 550025 Sibiu, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (B.M.N.)
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26
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Esen FH, Secilmis Y, Dogan M, Tubas F, Esen A, Bayram A, Gökahmetoglu S, Ozturk MA. Influenza A as a Common Viral Cause of Complex Febrile Seizures. J PEDIAT INF DIS-GER 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective The most common childhood convulsive disorder happens to be febrile seizure (FS), which is an important health problem leading to economic burden and parental anxiety. Further investigation into the etiological causes of FS will guide us for appropriate measures during the follow-up period. The aim of study was to identify the percentage of viral and bacterial pathogens in the etiological causes of children with FS, and also if there is any difference between simple and complex FSs.
Methods This prospective study randomly enrolled 100 pediatric patients with FS between January 2017 and July 2017. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all children at presentation. The respiratory panel was performed with a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction method to detect the 21 most common viruses. A complete blood count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin, blood culture, throat culture, urine analyses, urinary culture, and stool tests analysis were performed in all the patients.
Results During the study period, at least one virus was detected in 87% of patients. Bacterial agents were detected in only 13% of patients. Coinfections of the viruses and bacterial pathogens were found in 24% of patients. The most frequently detected virus was influenza A (Inf A) (18%), followed by rhinovirus (12%). Coinfections of the viruses and bacterial pathogens, mixed viral infections, and Inf A were common in children who experienced complex FS. Inf A was detected in 16% of patients with simple FSs and 30% of patients with complex FSs and a significant difference between them (p < 0.01).
Conclusion The results of this study showed that respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens are important in the etiology of FS in children. It is considered that complex FSs may be triggered by Inf A. The fact is viral pathogens are very common; therefore, antibiotics must be carefully prescribed. These results also draw attention to the use of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine in the prevention of FS related to the flu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yılmaz Secilmis
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Murat Dogan
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Filiz Tubas
- Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aydın Esen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayse Bayram
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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Neocortex- and hippocampus-specific deletion of Gabrg2 causes temperature-dependent seizures in mice. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:553. [PMID: 34050134 PMCID: PMC8163876 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the GABRG2 gene encoding the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor gamma 2 subunit are associated with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, febrile seizures plus, febrile seizures, and other symptoms of epilepsy. However, the mechanisms underlying Gabrg2-mediated febrile seizures are poorly understood. Here, we used the Cre/loxP system to generate conditional knockout (CKO) mice with deficient Gabrg2 in the hippocampus and neocortex. Heterozygous CKO mice (Gabrg2fl/wtCre+) exhibited temperature-dependent myoclonic jerks, generalised tonic-clonic seizures, increased anxiety-like symptoms, and a predisposition to induce seizures. Cortical electroencephalography showed the hyperexcitability in response to temperature elevation in Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice, but not in wild-type mice. Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice exhibited spontaneous seizures and susceptibility to temperature-induced seizures. Loss of neurons were observed in cortical layers V-VI and hippocampus of Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice. Furthermore, the latency of temperature- or pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures were significantly decreased in Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice compared with wild-type mice. In summary, Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice with Gabrg2 deletion in the neocortex and hippocampus reproduce many features of febrile seizures and therefore provide a novel model to further understand this syndrome at the cellular and molecular level.
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28
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Vieira ÉLM, Martins FMA, Bellozi PMQ, Gonçalves AP, Siqueira JM, Gianetti A, Teixeira AL, de Oliveira ACP. PI3K, mTOR and GSK3 modulate cytokines' production in peripheral leukocyte in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Lett 2021; 756:135948. [PMID: 33979699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsy is a common pathological condition that predisposes individuals to seizures, as well as cognitive and emotional dysfunctions. Different studies have demonstrated that inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Indeed, seizures change the peripheral inflammatory pattern, which, in turn, could contribute to seizures. However, the cause of the altered production of peripheral inflammatory mediators is not known. The PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β pathway is important for different physiological and pharmacological phenomena. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β pathway is deregulated in immune cells from patients with epilepsy and contributes to the abnormal production of inflammatory mediators. METHODS Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy presenting hippocampal sclerosis and controls aged between 18 and 65 years-old were selected for this study. Peripheral blood was collected for the isolation of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC). Cells were pre-incubated with different PI3K, mTOR and GSK-3 inhibitors for 30 min and further stimulated with phytohaemaglutinin (PHA) or vehicle for 24 h. The supernatant was used to evaluate the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF e IL-12p70. RESULTS Non-selective inhibition of PI3K, as well as inhibition of PI3Kγ and GSK-3, reduced the levels of TNF and IL-10 in PHA-stimulated cells from TLE individuals. This stimulus increased the production of IL-12p70 only in cells from TLE individuals, while the inhibition of PI3K and mTOR enhanced the production of this cytokine. On the other hand, inhibition of GSK3 reduced the PHA-induced production of IL-12p70. CONCLUSIONS Herein we demonstrated that the production of cytokines by immune cells from patients with TLE differs from non-epileptic patients. This differential regulation may be associated with the altered activity and responsiveness of intracellular molecules, such as PI3K, mTOR and GSK-3, which, in turn, might contribute to the inflammatory state that exists in epilepsy and its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health - CAMH, Toronto, Canada; Neuroscience Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Mendes Amaral Martins
- Neuroscience Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paula Maria Quaglio Bellozi
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Molecular Biology Program, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gonçalves
- Neuroscience Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Unit, Neurology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Epilepsy Treatment Advanced Centre (NATE), Felício Rocho Hospital, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Maurício Siqueira
- Epilepsy Treatment Advanced Centre (NATE), Felício Rocho Hospital, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Gianetti
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Neurology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuroscience Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, United States; Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Neuroscience Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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29
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Salimeen MSA, Liu C, Li X, Wang M, Singh M, Si S, Li M, Cheng Y, Wang X, Zhao H, Wu F, Zhang Y, Tafawa H, Pradhan A, Yang G, Yang J. Exploring Variances of White Matter Integrity and the Glymphatic System in Simple Febrile Seizures and Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:595647. [PMID: 33967932 PMCID: PMC8097149 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.595647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Simple febrile seizures (SFS) and epilepsy are common seizures in childhood. However, the mechanism underlying SFS is uncertain, and the presence of obvious variances in white matter (WM) integrity and glymphatic function between SFS and epilepsy remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the differences in WM integrity and glymphatic function between SFS and epilepsy. Material and Methods: We retrospectively included 26 children with SFS, 33 children with epilepsy, and 28 controls aged 6–60 months who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to compare the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of WM among the above-mentioned groups. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) was used to segment the visible Virchow-Robin space (VRS) through a custom-designed automated method. VRS counts and volume were quantified and compared among the SFS, epilepsy, and control groups. Correlations of the VRS metrics and seizure duration and VRS metrics and the time interval between seizure onset and MRI scan were also investigated. Results: In comparison with controls, children with SFS showed no significant changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), or radial diffusivity (RD) in the WM (P > 0.05). Decreased FA, unchanged AD, and increased RD were observed in the epilepsy group in comparison with the SFS and control groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, VRS counts were higher in the SFS and epilepsy groups than in the control group (VRS_SFS, 442.42 ± 74.58, VRS_epilepsy, 629.94 ± 106.55, VRS_control, 354.14 ± 106.58; P < 0.001), and similar results were found for VRS volume (VRS_SFS, 6,228.18 ± 570.74 mm3, VRS_epilepsy, 9,684.84 ± 7,292.66mm3, VRS_control, 4,007.22 ± 118.86 mm3; P < 0.001). However, VRS metrics were lower in the SFS group than in the epilepsy group (P < 0.001). In both SFS and epilepsy, VRS metrics positively correlated with seizure duration and negatively correlated with the course after seizure onset. Conclusion: SFS may not be associated with WM microstructural disruption; however, epilepsy is related to WM alterations. Seizures are associated with glymphatic dysfunction in either SFS or epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Salimeen Abdelkareem Salimeen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Radiology, Dongola Teaching Hospital, University of Dongola, Dongola, Sudan
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianjun Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Martha Singh
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqing Si
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengxuan Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yannan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Habib Tafawa
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anuja Pradhan
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanyu Yang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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30
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Early Developmental EEG and Seizure Phenotypes in a Full Gene Deletion of Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3A Rat Model of Angelman Syndrome. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0345-20.2020. [PMID: 33531368 PMCID: PMC8114899 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0345-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unique behavioral phenotypes, seizures, and distinctive electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns. Recent studies identified motor, social communication, and learning and memory deficits in a CRISPR engineered rat model with a complete maternal deletion of the Ube3a gene. It is unknown whether this model recapitulates other aspects of the clinical disorder. We report here the effect of Ube3a maternal deletion in the rat on epileptiform activity, seizure threshold, and quantitative EEG. Using video-synchronized EEG (vEEG) monitoring, we assessed spectral power and epileptiform activity early postnatally through adulthood. While EEG power was similar to wild-type (WT) at 1.5 weeks postnatally, at all other ages analyzed, our findings were similar to the AS phenotype in mice and humans with significantly increased δ power. Analysis of epileptiform activity in juvenile and adult rats showed increased time spent in epileptiform activity in AS compared with WT rats. We evaluated seizure threshold using pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), audiogenic stimulus, and hyperthermia to provoke febrile seizures (FSs). Behavioral seizure scoring following PTZ induction revealed no difference in seizure threshold in AS rats, however behavioral recovery from the PTZ-induced seizure was longer in the adult group with significantly increased hippocampal epileptiform activity during this phase. When exposed to hyperthermia, AS rat pups showed a significantly lower temperature threshold to first seizure than WT. Our findings highlight an age-dependence for the EEG and epileptiform phenotypes in a preclinical model of AS, and support the use of quantitative EEG and increased δ power as a potential biomarker of AS.
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31
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Association between GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism and febrile seizures: a meta-analysis. ACTA EPILEPTOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42494-021-00038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence has implied that the GABRG2 gene play a role in the mechanism of febrile seizure (FS), however, the relationship between GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism and the risk of FS remains controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship of GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism with the susceptibility to FS.
Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and CNKI databases were searched (until April 6, 2019) for eligible studies on the relationship between GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism and FS. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) by a fixed or random model with the STATA 15.0 software. Subgroup analyses for the ethnicity, the source of the control, and age and sex matching of controls were conducted.
Results
A total of 8 studies consisting of 775 FS patients and 5162 controls were included in this study. Based on the overall data, he GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism was not significantly associated with the risk of FS (TT + CT vs CC: OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.64–1.41, P = 0.80). Notably, the GABRG2 rs211037 variant was significantly associated with decreased risk of FS in Asian populations (TT vs CT + CC: OR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.45–0.88, P = 0.006), but increased risk in Caucasian populations (CT vs CC: OR = 1.56, 95%CI 1.14–2.15, P = 0.006). Significant associations were also detected when healthy controls out of the whole controls were employed for comparison (TT vs CT + CC: OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.45–0.77, P < 0.001) and when data from studies with age- and sex-matched controls were used (TT + CT vs CC: OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.43–0.86, P = 0.001).
Conclusion
The GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism may decrease the risk of FS in Asian populations, while increasing the risk in Caucasian populations. Further well-designed studies with large sample sizes are essential to verify the conclusions in other ethnicities.
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32
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Weninger J, Meseke M, Rana S, Förster E. Heat-Shock Induces Granule Cell Dispersion and Microgliosis in Hippocampal Slice Cultures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626704. [PMID: 33693000 PMCID: PMC7937632 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Granule cell dispersion (GCD) has been found in the dentate gyrus (dg) of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and a history of febrile seizures but was also recently observed in pediatric patients that did not suffer from epilepsy. This indicates that GCD might not always be disease related, but instead could reflect normal morphological variation. Thus, distribution of newborn granule cells within the hilar region is part of normal dg development at early stages but could be misinterpreted as pathological GCD. In turn, pathological GCD may be caused, for example, by genetic mutations, such as the reeler mutation. GCD in the reeler mutant goes along with an increased susceptibility to epileptiform activity. Pathological GCD in combination with epilepsy is caused by experimental administration of the glutamate receptor agonist kainic acid in rodents. In consequence, the interpretation of GCD and the role of febrile seizures remain controversial. Here, we asked whether febrile temperatures alone might be sufficient to trigger GCD and used hippocampal slice cultures as in vitro model to analyze the effect of a transient temperature increase on the dg morphology. We found that a heat-shock of 41°C for 6 h was sufficient to induce GCD and degeneration of a fraction of granule cells. Both of these factors, broadening of the granule cell layer (gcl) and increased neuronal cell death within the gcl, contributed to the development of a significantly reduced packaging density of granule cells. In contrast, Reelin expressing Cajal–Retzius (CR) cells in the molecular layer were heat-shock resistant. Thus, their number was not reduced, and we did not detect degenerating CR cells after heat-shock, implying that GCD was not caused by the loss of CR cells. Importantly, the heat-shock-induced deterioration of dg morphology was accompanied by a massive microgliosis, reflecting a robust heat-shock-induced immune response. In contrast, in the study that reported on GCD as a non-specific finding in pediatric patients, no microglia reaction was observed. Thus, our findings underpin the importance of microglia as a marker to distinguish pathological GCD from normal morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Weninger
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maurice Meseke
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Shaleen Rana
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eckart Förster
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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33
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Crespo M, León-Navarro DA, Martín M. Glutamatergic System is Affected in Brain from an Hyperthermia-Induced Seizures Rat Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1501-1512. [PMID: 33492599 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequent neurological disorders in children is febrile seizures (FS), a risk for epilepsy in adults. Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS acting through ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Excess of glutamate in the extracellular space elicits excitotoxicity and has been associated with neurological disorders, such as epilepsy. The removal of extracellular glutamate by excitatory amino acid transporters (EATT) plays an important neuroprotective role. GLT-1 is the main EAAT present in the cortex brain. On the other hand, an increase in metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGlu5R) levels or their overstimulation have been related to the appearance of seizure events in different animal models and in temporal lobe epilepsy in humans. In this work, the status of several components of the glutamatergic system has been analysed in the cortex brain from an FS rat model at short (48 h) and long (20 days) term after hyperthermia-induced seizures. At the short term, we detected increased GLT-1 levels, reduced glutamate concentration, and unchanged mGlu5R levels, without neuronal loss. However, at the long term, an increase in mGlu5R levels together with a decrease in both GLT-1 and glutamate levels were observed. These changes were associated with the appearance of an anxious phenotype. These results suggest a neuroprotective role of the glutamatergic components mGlu5R and GLT-1 at the short term. However, this neuroprotective effect seems to be lost at the long term, leading to an anxious phenotype and suggesting an increased vulnerability and propensity to epileptic events in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Crespo
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - D A León-Navarro
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - M Martín
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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34
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Yaksi E, Jamali A, Diaz Verdugo C, Jurisch-Yaksi N. Past, present and future of zebrafish in epilepsy research. FEBS J 2021; 288:7243-7255. [PMID: 33394550 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal models contribute greatly to our understanding of brain development and function as well as its dysfunction in neurological diseases. Epilepsy research is a very good example of how animal models can provide us with a mechanistic understanding of the genes, molecules, and pathophysiological processes involved in disease. Over the course of the last two decades, zebrafish came in as a new player in epilepsy research, with an expanding number of laboratories using this animal to understand epilepsy and to discover new strategies for preventing seizures. Yet, zebrafish as a model offers a lot more for epilepsy research. In this viewpoint, we aim to highlight some key contributions of zebrafish to epilepsy research, and we want to emphasize the great untapped potential of this animal model for expanding these contributions. We hope that our suggestions will trigger further discussions between clinicians and researchers with a common goal to understand and cure epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ahmed Jamali
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Carmen Diaz Verdugo
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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35
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Sawires R, Buttery J, Fahey M. A Review of Febrile Seizures: Recent Advances in Understanding of Febrile Seizure Pathophysiology and Commonly Implicated Viral Triggers. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:801321. [PMID: 35096712 PMCID: PMC8793886 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.801321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures are one of the commonest presentations in young children, with a 2-5% incidence in Western countries. Though they are generally benign, with rare long-term sequelae, there is much to be learned about their pathophysiology and risk factors. Febrile seizures are propagated by a variety of genetic and environmental factors, including viruses and vaccines. These factors must be taken into consideration by a clinician aiming to assess, diagnose and treat a child presenting with fevers and seizures, as well as to explain the sequelae of the febrile seizures to the concerned parents of the child. Our article provides an overview of this common childhood condition, outlining both the underlying mechanisms and the appropriate clinical approach to a child presenting with febrile seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Sawires
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jim Buttery
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Child Health Informatics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Fahey
- Department of Neurology, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Neurogenetics Department, Monash Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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36
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Gotoh M, Nagasaka K, Nakata M, Takashima I, Yamamoto S. Brain Temperature Alters Contributions of Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs to Evoked Field Potentials in the Rat Frontal Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:593027. [PMID: 33364923 PMCID: PMC7750431 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.593027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in brain temperature have been reported to affect various brain functions. However, little is known about the effects of temperature on the neural activity at the network level, where multiple inputs are integrated. In this study, we recorded cortical evoked potentials while altering the local brain temperature in anesthetized rats. We delivered electrical stimulations to the midbrain dopamine area and measured the evoked potentials in the frontal cortex, the temperature of which was locally altered using a thermal control device. We focused on the maximum negative peaks, which was presumed to result mainly from polysynaptic responses, to examine the effect of local temperature on network activity. We showed that focal cortical cooling increased the amplitude of evoked potentials (negative correlation, >17°C); further cooling decreased their amplitude. This relationship would be graphically represented as an inverted-U-shaped curve. The pharmacological blockade of GABAergic inhibitory inputs eliminated the negative correlation (>17°C) and even showed a positive correlation when the concentration of GABAA receptor antagonist was sufficiently high. Blocking the glutamatergic excitatory inputs decreased the amplitude but did not cause such inversion. Our results suggest that the negative correlation between the amplitude of evoked potentials and the near-physiological local temperature is caused by the alteration of the balance of contribution between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the evoked potentials, possibly due to higher temperature sensitivity of inhibitory inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Gotoh
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagasaka
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakata
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takashima
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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37
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Mosili P, Maikoo S, Mabandla MV, Qulu L. The Pathogenesis of Fever-Induced Febrile Seizures and Its Current State. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520956973. [PMID: 33225279 PMCID: PMC7649866 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520956973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures, commonly in children between the ages of 3 months to 5 years, are a neurological abnormality characterized by neuronal hyper-excitability, that occur as a result of an increased core body temperature during a fever, which was caused by an underlying systemic infection. Such infections cause the immune system to elicit an inflammatory response resulting in the release of cytokines from macrophages. The cytokines such as interleukin (IL)- 1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) combat the infection in the localized area ultimately spilling over into circulation resulting in elevated cytokine levels. The cytokines, along with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on pathogens for example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interact with the blood brain barrier (BBB) causing a ‘leaky’ BBB which facilitates cytokines and LPS entry into the central nervous system. The cytokines activate the microglia which release their own cytokines, specifically IL1β. IL-β interacts with the brain endothelium resulting in the activation of cyclooxygenase 2 which catalyzes the production of prostaglandin 2 (PGE2). PGE2 enters the hypothalamic region and induces a fever. Abnormally increased IL-1β levels also progressively increases excitatory (glutamatergic) neurotransmission, and decreases inhibitory (GABAergic) neurotransmission, thus mediating the pathogenesis of convulsions. Current treatments for febrile seizures present with side effects that are detrimental to health, which fosters the need for an alternative, more affordable treatment with fewer adverse side effects, and 1 that is easily accessible, especially in low income areas that are also affected by other underlying socio-economic factors, in which febrile seizures are of growing concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Mosili
- University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Shreyal Maikoo
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Lihle Qulu
- University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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38
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Porro A, Binda A, Pisoni M, Donadoni C, Rivolta I, Saponaro A. Rational design of a mutation to investigate the role of the brain protein TRIP8b in limiting the cAMP response of HCN channels in neurons. J Gen Physiol 2020; 152:e202012596. [PMID: 32633755 PMCID: PMC7478871 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIP8b (tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting protein) is the neuronal regulatory subunit of HCN channels, a family of voltage-dependent cation channels also modulated by direct cAMP binding. TRIP8b interacts with the C-terminal region of HCN channels and controls both channel trafficking and gating. The association of HCN channels with TRIP8b is required for the correct expression and subcellular targeting of the channel protein in vivo. TRIP8b controls HCN gating by interacting with the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) and competing for cAMP binding. Detailed structural knowledge of the complex between TRIP8b and CNBD was used as a starting point to engineer a mutant channel, whose gating is controlled by cAMP, but not by TRIP8b, while leaving TRIP8b-dependent regulation of channel trafficking unaltered. We found two-point mutations (N/A and C/D) in the loop connecting the CNBD to the C-linker (N-bundle loop) that, when combined, strongly reduce the binding of TRIP8b to CNBD, leaving cAMP affinity unaltered both in isolated CNBD and in the full-length protein. Proof-of-principle experiments performed in cultured cortical neurons confirm that the mutant channel provides a genetic tool for dissecting the two effects of TRIP8b (gating versus trafficking). This will allow the study of the functional role of the TRIP8b antagonism of cAMP binding, a thus far poorly investigated aspect of HCN physiology in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Binda
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Donadoni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Saponaro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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39
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Chen Y, Chen J, Chen X, Wang R, Zeng J, Wang F, Miao J. Predictors of Outcome in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:609-613. [PMID: 32607028 PMCID: PMC7311093 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s244725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most common idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome, accounting for 10% of all epilepsy. However, there is limited information regarding the predictors of seizure outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of seizure outcome in JME patients. Methods A population-based retrospective study of JME patients who were treated at the Department of Neurology of affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University from 2008 to 2013. Results Sixty-three patients (30 women and 33 men) were enrolled in this study. The median age at seizure onset was 14 years old, and the average duration of epilepsy was 5 years. The onset of JME at age <16 years was found in 63.5% of patients. The epileptiform runs ≥3 s were observed in 35.8% patients. Febrile seizure was noted in 28.9% of patients. Among 63 patients, 40 patients (63.5%) had remission. Multivariate analysis identified the following factors as significant predictors of seizure outcome: the onset of JME at age <16 years, epileptiform runs ≥3 s runs, and febrile seizure. Conclusion The onset of JME at age <16 years, febrile seizures and epileptiform runs ≥3 s might be associated with poor long-term seizure outcome in patients with JME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Neurology, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan 714000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Miao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, People's Republic of China
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40
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Souza IA, Gandini MA, Zhang FX, Mitchell WG, Matsumoto J, Lerner J, Pierson TM, Zamponi GW. Pathogenic Cav3.2 channel mutation in a child with primary generalized epilepsy. Mol Brain 2019; 12:86. [PMID: 31651342 PMCID: PMC6814130 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two paternally-inherited missense variants in CACNA1H were identified and characterized in a 6-year-old child with generalized epilepsy. Febrile and unprovoked seizures were present in this child. Both variants were expressed in cis or isolation using human recombinant Cav3.2 calcium channels in tsA-201 cells. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings indicated that one variant (c.3844C > T; p.R1282W) caused a significant increase in current density consistent with a pathogenic gain-of-function phenotype; while the other cis-related variant (c.5294C > T; p.A1765V) had a benign profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana A Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Maria A Gandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Fang-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Wendy G Mitchell
- Neurology Division, Children's Hospital Los Angeles & Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joyce Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Lerner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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41
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Effects of hypercaloric enteral intervention on malnutrition patients with a history of febrile seizure before the age of six. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.788917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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de Nijs L, Choe K, Steinbusch H, Schijns OEMG, Dings J, van den Hove DLA, Rutten BPF, Hoogland G. DNA methyltransferase isoforms expression in the temporal lobe of epilepsy patients with a history of febrile seizures. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:118. [PMID: 31426844 PMCID: PMC6701147 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pharmaco-resistant epilepsy referred for adult epilepsy surgery. Though associated with prolonged febrile seizures (FS) in childhood, the neurobiological basis for this relationship is not fully understood and currently no preventive or curative therapies are available. DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), potentially plays a pivotal role in epileptogenesis associated with FS. In an attempt to start exploring this notion, the present cross-sectional pilot study investigated whether global DNA methylation levels (5-mC and 5-hmC markers) and DNMT isoforms (DNMT1, DNMT3a1, and DNMT3a2) expression would be different in hippocampal and neocortical tissues between controls and TLE patients with or without a history of FS. Results We found that global DNA methylation levels and DNMT3a2 isoform expression were lower in the hippocampus for all TLE groups when compared to control patients, with a more significant decrease amongst the TLE groups with a history of FS. Interestingly, we showed that DNMT3a1 expression was severely diminished in the hippocampus of TLE patients with a history of FS in comparison with control and other TLE groups. In the neocortex, we found a higher expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a1 as well as increased levels of global DNA methylation for all TLE patients compared to controls. Conclusion Together, the findings of this descriptive cross-sectional pilot study demonstrated brain region-specific changes in DNMT1 and DNMT3a isoform expression as well as global DNA methylation levels in human TLE with or without a history of FS. They highlighted a specific implication of DNMT3a isoforms in TLE after FS. Therefore, longitudinal studies that aim at targeting DNMT3a isoforms to evaluate the potential causal relationship between FS and TLE or treatment of FS-induced epileptogenesis seem warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0721-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence de Nijs
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hellen Steinbusch
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf E M G Schijns
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Epileptology (ACE), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Dings
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Epileptology (ACE), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L A van den Hove
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Govert Hoogland
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Epileptology (ACE), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Umeoka EHL, Robinson EJ, Turimella SL, van Campen JS, Motta-Teixeira LC, Sarabdjitsingh RA, Garcia-Cairasco N, Braun K, de Graan PN, Joëls M. Hyperthermia-induced seizures followed by repetitive stress are associated with age-dependent changes in specific aspects of the mouse stress system. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12697. [PMID: 30773738 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stress is among the most frequently self-reported factors provoking epileptic seizures in children and adults. It is still unclear, however, why some people display stress-sensitive seizures and others do not. Recently, we showed that young epilepsy patients with stress-sensitive seizures exhibit a dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. Most likely, this dysregulation gradually develops, and is triggered by stressors occurring early in life (early-life stress [ELS]). ELS may be particularly impactful when overlapping with the period of epileptogenesis. To examine this in a controlled and prospective manner, the present study investigated the effect of repetitive variable stressors or control treatment between postnatal day (PND) 12 and 24 in male mice exposed on PND10 to hyperthermia (HT)-induced prolonged seizures (control: normothermia). A number of peripheral and central indices of HPA-axis activity were evaluated at pre-adolescent and young adult age (ie, at PND25 and 90, respectively). At PND25 but not at PND90, body weight gain and absolute as well as relative (to body weight) thymus weight were reduced by ELS (vs control), whereas relative adrenal weight was enhanced, confirming the effectiveness of the stress treatment. Basal and stress-induced corticosterone levels were unaffected, though, by ELS at both ages. HT by itself did not affect any of these peripheral markers of HPA-axis activity, nor did it interact with ELS. However, centrally we did observe age-specific interaction effects of HT and ELS with regard to hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression, neurogenesis with the immature neurone marker doublecortin and the number of hilar (ectopic) granule cells using Prox1 staining. This lends some support to the notion that exposure to repetitive stress after HT-induced seizures may dysregulate central components of the stress system in an age-dependent manner. Such dysregulation could be one of the mechanisms conferring higher vulnerability of individuals with epilepsy to develop seizures in the face of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo H L Umeoka
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Edward J Robinson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sada Lakshmi Turimella
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien S van Campen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lívia C Motta-Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R Angela Sarabdjitsingh
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kees Braun
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre N de Graan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Joëls
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Several aspects of thermoregulation play a role in epilepsy. Circuitries involved in thermoregulation are affected by seizures and epilepsy, hyperthermia may be both cause and result of seizures, and hypothermia may prevent or abort seizures. Autonomic manifestations of seizures including thermoregulatory disturbances are common in a variety of clinical epilepsy syndromes. Experimental hyperthermia has been studied extensively, predominantly to investigate febrile seizures of childhood. In particular prolonged or complex febrile seizures have been associated with the later development of epilepsy in adulthood and the pathophysiology of how febrile seizures cause epilepsy is of tremendous interest. Febrile seizures represent an opportunity to potentially intervene early in life in susceptible individuals and affect epileptogenesis. The pathophysiologic underpinnings of how hyperthermia induces seizures and how this in turn results in epilepsy are controversial, but likely involve multiple factors. Both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission is affected, and numerous mutations in genes encoding ion channels have been identified. Cytokines such as interleukin-1β have been implicated in febrile seizures as well as susceptibility to provoked seizures later in life. Hyperthermia is a common feature of generalized convulsive status epilepticus, but may also be seen with nonconvulsive seizures, indicating involvement of thermoregulatory centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pollandt
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Thomas P Bleck
- Departments of Neurological Sciences, Neurosurgery, Medicine, and Anesthesiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States; Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Thompson KW, Suchomelova L, Wasterlain CG. Treatment of early life status epilepticus: What can we learn from animal models? Epilepsia Open 2018; 3:169-179. [PMID: 30564776 PMCID: PMC6293069 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of status epilepticus (SE) in infants and children is challenging. There is a recognition that a broad set of developmental processes need to be considered to fully appreciate the physiologic complexity of severe seizures, and seizure outcomes, in infants and children. The development and use of basic models to elucidate important mechanisms will help further our understanding of these processes. Here we review some of the key experimental models and consider several areas relevant to treatment that could lead to productive translational research. Terminating seizures quickly is essential. Understanding pharmacoresistance of SE as it relates to receptor trafficking will be critical to seizure termination. Once a severe seizure is terminated, how will the developing brain respond? Basic studies suggest that there are important acute and long‐term histopathologic, and pathophysiologic, consequences that, if left unaddressed, will produce long‐lasting deficits on the form and function of the central nervous system. To fully utilize the evidence that basic models produce, age‐ and development‐ and model‐specific frameworks have to be considered carefully. Studies have demonstrated that severe seizures can cause perturbations to developmental processes during critical periods of development that lead to life‐long deficits. Unfortunately, some of the drugs that are commonly used to treat seizures may also produce negative outcomes by enhancing Cl‐‐mediated depolarization, or by accelerating programmed cell death. More research is needed to understand these phenomena and their relevance to the human condition, and to develop rational drugs that protect the developing brain from severe seizures to the fullest extent possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry W Thompson
- Department of Biology Occidental College Los Angeles California U.S.A
| | - Lucie Suchomelova
- Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California U.S.A
| | - Claude G Wasterlain
- VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System Los Angeles California U.S.A.,Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California U.S.A.,Brain Research Institute UCLA Los Angeles California U.S.A
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46
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Saboory E, Ghadimkhani M, Roshan-Milani S, Derafshpour L, Mohammadi S, Dindarian S, Mohammadi H. Effect of early-life inflammation and magnesium sulfate on hyperthermia-induced seizures in infant rats: Susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures later in life. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 61:96-106. [PMID: 30338516 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of inflammation and MgSO4 pretreatment on behaviors caused by hyperthermia (HT) and the effect of these interventions on PTZ-induced seizure a week later. In this experimental study, rat pups experienced inflammation on postnatal day 10 (P10). On P18-19, the pups received either saline or MgSO4 then subjected to hyperthermia. On P25-26, PTZ-induced seizure was initiated in the rats. Neonatal inflammation increased the susceptibility to HT-induced seizure. Inflammation and HT increased the susceptibility to PTZ-induced seizure. Pretreatment with MgSO4 before hyperthermia decreased the susceptibility to both HT- and PTZ-induced seizure. Furthermore, calcium and magnesium blood levels significantly decreased compared to control rats. It can be concluded that neonatal inflammation potentiates while pretreatment with MgSO4 attenuates HT-induced seizures. Also, neonatal inflammation and HT potentiate PTZ-induced seizure initiated one week later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Saboory
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghadimkhani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Derafshpour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sedra Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Dindarian
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hozan Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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The role of Mean Platelet Volume/platelet count Ratio and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio on the risk of Febrile Seizure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15123. [PMID: 30310107 PMCID: PMC6181908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response has been implicated as a contributor to the onset of febrile seizures (FS). The four novel indices of the inflammatory response such as, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT) ratio and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) have been investigated in FS susceptibility and FS types (simple febrile seizure and complex febrile seizure). However, the potential role of these inflammatory markers and MPV/PLT ratio (MPR) in Chinese children with FS has yet to be fully determined. This study investigated the relevance of NLR, MPV, PLT, MPR and RDW in febrile children with and without seizures. 249 children with FS and 249 age matched controls were included in this study. NLR and MPR were calculated from complete blood cell counts prior to therapy. Differences in age, gender and these inflammatory markers between the FS group and the control group were evaluated using the chi-square test, t-test or logistic regression analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of NLR and MPR for FS risk. Interactions between NLR and MPR on the additive scale were calculated by using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the proportion attributable to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (S). It has been shown that the elevated NLR and MPR levels were associated with increased risk of FS. The optimal cut-off values of NLR and MPR for FS risk were 1.13 and 0.0335 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.768 and 0.689, respectively. Additionally, a significant synergistic interaction between NLR and MPR was found on an additive scale. The mean levels of MPV were lower and NLR levels were higher in complex febrile seizure (CFS) than simple febrile seizure (SFS), and the differences were statistically significant. ROC analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value for NLR was 2.549 with 65.9% sensitivity and 57.5% specificity. However, no statistically significant differences were found regarding average values of MPR and RDW between CFS and SFS. In conclusion, elevated NLR and MPR add evidence to the implication of white cells subsets in FS risk, and our results confirmed that NLR is an independent, albeit limited, predictor in differentiating between CFS and SFS. Moreover, NLR and MPR may have a synergistic effect that can influence the occurrence of FS.
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48
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Tsai JD, Mou CH, Chang HY, Li TC, Tsai HJ, Wei CC. Trend of subsequent epilepsy in children with recurrent febrile seizures: A retrospective matched cohort study. Seizure 2018; 61:164-169. [PMID: 30172997 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Trends of epilepsy in children were correlated with febrile seizure (FS) in a previous retrospective study. In the present study, the authors obtained relevant data from a nationwide cohort database to investigate trends in subsequent epilepsy in children with a history of recurrent FS. METHODS A total of 10,210 children with FS comprised the cohort. The diagnosis date was used as the index date. A comparison cohort was randomly matched with each case based on age, sex, urbanization level, parents' occupation, and index date. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to estimate the hazard ratio and confidence interval of FS-associated epilepsy. RESULTS This retrospective cohort study included 7729 children with FS and a comparison cohort of 30,916 children. The incidence of epilepsy was 11.4-fold higher in the FS cohort than in the comparison cohort (5.67 vs. 0.49 per 1000 person-years, respectively). Compared with the comparison cohort, the epilepsy incidence rate ratio increased in children with admissions for FS, from 8.62 at 1 admission to 26.2 at ≥2 admissions (95% CI 6.80-10.9, and 19.78-34.8, respectively; p for trend < 0.0001). CONCLUSION FS may increase the risk for subsequent epilepsy in children. Recurrent FS increased the cumulative incidence of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Dau Tsai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Paediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Mou
- Institute of Clinical and Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Henry J Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ching Wei
- Children's Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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49
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Crespo M, León-Navarro DA, Martín M. Early-life hyperthermic seizures upregulate adenosine A 2A receptors in the cortex and promote depressive-like behavior in adult rats. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 86:173-178. [PMID: 30017837 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) represent one of the most frequent convulsive disorders in children which can be classified into simple and prolonged depending on the duration. Although simple FS are generally considered as benign, there is controversy about the outcome of prolonged FS. Here, we have used an animal model of prolonged FS to investigate persistent neurochemical and behavioral alterations in adult rats. Hyperthermic seizures were induced in 12-day-old rats using a warmed air stream from a hair dryer. Neonates exhibited arrest of heat-induced hyperkinesis followed by body flexion and rearing and falling over associated with hindlimb clonus seizures (stage 5 on Racine scale criteria) after hyperthermic induction. After 48 days, the animals were assayed on dark-light box and forced swim tests in order to detect if rats will show signs of anxiety or depression. Finally, animals were sacrificed 56 days after hyperthermia-induced seizures (HIS), and their effects on adenosine A2A receptor signaling and 5'-nucleotidase activity were studied in plasma membranes from the cerebral cortex by using radioligand-binding assay and by measuring the activities of adenylate cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase. Results obtained have shown that adult rats submitted to HIS during the neonatal period showed depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, animals exposed to hyperthermic insult showed an increase in A2A receptor level which was also accompanied by an increase in A2A receptor functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Crespo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas/Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Agustín León-Navarro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas/Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Mairena Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas/Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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50
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Armangue T, Spatola M, Vlagea A, Mattozzi S, Cárceles-Cordon M, Martinez-Heras E, Llufriu S, Muchart J, Erro ME, Abraira L, Moris G, Monros-Giménez L, Corral-Corral Í, Montejo C, Toledo M, Bataller L, Secondi G, Ariño H, Martínez-Hernández E, Juan M, Marcos MA, Alsina L, Saiz A, Rosenfeld MR, Graus F, Dalmau J. Frequency, symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis: a prospective observational study and retrospective analysis. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:760-772. [PMID: 30049614 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex encephalitis can trigger autoimmune encephalitis that leads to neurological worsening. We aimed to assess the frequency, symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes of this complication. METHODS We did a prospective observational study and retrospective analysis. In the prospective observational part of this study, we included patients with herpes simplex encephalitis diagnosed by neurologists, paediatricians, or infectious disease specialists in 19 secondary and tertiary Spanish centres (Cohort A). Outpatient follow-up was at 2, 6, and 12 months from onset of herpes simplex encephalitis. We studied another group of patients retrospectively, when they developed autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis (Cohort B). We compared demographics and clinical features of patients who developed autoimmune encephalitis with those who did not, and in patients who developed autoimmune encephalitis we compared these features by age group (patients ≤4 years compared with patients >4 years). We also used multivariable binary logistic regression models to assess risk factors for autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis. FINDINGS Between Jan 1, 2014, and Oct 31, 2017, 54 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis were recruited to Cohort A, and 51 were included in the analysis (median age 50 years [IQR 5-68]). At onset of herpes simplex encephalitis, none of the 51 patients had antibodies to neuronal antigens; during follow-up, 14 (27%) patients developed autoimmune encephalitis and all 14 (100%) had neuronal antibodies (nine [64%] had NMDA receptor [NMDAR] antibodies and five [36%] had other antibodies) at or before onset of symptoms. The other 37 patients did not develop autoimmune encephalitis, although 11 (30%) developed antibodies (n=3 to NMDAR, n=8 to unknown antigens; p<0·001). Antibody detection within 3 weeks of herpes simplex encephalitis was a risk factor for autoimmune encephalitis (odds ratio [OR] 11·5, 95% CI 2·7-48·8; p<0·001). Between Oct 7, 2011, and Oct 31, 2017, there were 48 patients in Cohort B with new-onset or worsening neurological symptoms not caused by herpes simplex virus reactivation (median age 8·8 years [IQR 1·1-44·2]; n=27 male); 44 (92%) patients had antibody-confirmed autoimmune encephalitis (34 had NMDAR antibodies and ten had other antibodies). In both cohorts (n=58 patients with antibody-confirmed autoimmune encephalitis), patients older than 4 years frequently presented with psychosis (18 [58%] of 31; younger children not assessable). Compared with patients older than 4 years, patients aged 4 years or younger (n=27) were more likely to have shorter intervals between onset of herpes simplex encephalitis and onset of autoimmune encephalitis (median 26 days [IQR 24-32] vs 43 days [25-54]; p=0·0073), choreoathetosis (27 [100%] of 27 vs 0 of 31; p<0·001), decreased level of consciousness (26 [96%] of 27 vs seven [23%] of 31; p<0·001), NMDAR antibodies (24 [89%] of 27 vs 19 [61%] of 31; p=0·033), and worse outcome at 1 year (median modified Rankin Scale 4 [IQR 4-4] vs 2 [2-3]; p<0·0010; seizures 12 [63%] of 19 vs three [13%] of 23; p=0·001). INTERPRETATION The results of our prospective study show that autoimmune encephalitis occurred in 27% of patients with herpes simplex encephalitis. It was associated with development of neuronal antibodies and usually presented within 2 months after treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis; the symptoms were age-dependent, and the neurological outcome was worse in young children. Prompt diagnosis is important because patients, primarily those older than 4 years, can respond to immunotherapy. FUNDING Mutua Madrileña Foundation, Fondation de l'Université de Lausanne et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Instituto Carlos III, CIBERER, National Institutes of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundació CELLEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Armangue
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department, Research Institute of Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Spatola
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandru Vlagea
- Immunology Department, Centre of Biomedical Diagnosis, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Research Institute of Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Mattozzi
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical Surgical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari (Sassari), Italy
| | - Marc Cárceles-Cordon
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloy Martinez-Heras
- Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Llufriu
- Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Muchart
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Elena Erro
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Abraira
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - German Moris
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Monros-Giménez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Montejo
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Toledo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Bataller
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriela Secondi
- Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department, Research Institute of Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Ariño
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martínez-Hernández
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Juan
- Immunology Department, Centre of Biomedical Diagnosis, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Research Institute of Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Marcos
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alsina
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology, Research Institute of Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Saiz
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Myrna R Rosenfeld
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Francesc Graus
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Dalmau
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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