1
|
Levine AS, Jewett DC, Kotz CM, Olszewski PK. Behavioral plasticity: Role of neuropeptides in shaping feeding responses. Appetite 2022; 174:106031. [PMID: 35395362 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral plasticity refers to changes occurring due to external influences on an organism, including adaptation, learning, memory and enduring influences from early life experience. There are 2 types of behavioral plasticity: "developmental", which refers to gene/environment interactions affecting a phenotype, and "activational" which refers to innate physiology and can involve structural physiological changes of the body. In this review, we focus on feeding behavior, and studies involving neuropeptides that influence behavioral plasticity - primarily opioids, orexin, neuropeptide Y, and oxytocin. In each section of the review, we include examples of behavioral plasticity as it relates to actions of these neuropeptides. It can be concluded from this review that eating behavior is influenced by a number of external factors, including time of day, type of food available, energy balance state, and stressors. The reviewed work underscores that environmental factors play a critical role in feeding behavior and energy balance, but changes in eating behavior also result from a multitude of non-environmental factors, such that there can be no single mechanism or variable that can explain ingestive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen S Levine
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55113, USA.
| | - David C Jewett
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Catherine M Kotz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA; Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Pawel K Olszewski
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55113, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA; Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jewett DC, Liyanagamage DSNK, Avond MAV, Anderson MAB, Twaroski KA, Marek MA, James KF, Pal T, Klockars A, Olszewski PK, Levine AS. Chronic Intermittent Sucrose Consumption Facilitates the Ability to Discriminate Opioid Receptor Blockade with Naltrexone in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050926. [PMID: 35267900 PMCID: PMC8912831 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) decreases intake of preferred diets in rats at very low doses relative to doses needed to decrease intake of "bland" laboratory chow. In the absence of an opioid agonist, NTX is not discriminable using operant techniques. In the current study, we found that rats given intermittent access to a 25% sucrose solution learned to discriminate between various naltrexone doses and saline. None of the rats given only water learned to discriminate between naltrexone and saline. When access to the sucrose solution was discontinued for 14 days, the rats lost the ability to discriminate between NTX and saline. We also studied the changes of c-Fos IR in selected brain regions in rats treated with saline versus NTX that were drinking water or 25% sucrose. An injection of NTX or saline resulted in a significant drug, diet, and interaction effect in various brain regions associated with feeding behavior, particularly the amygdala, accumbens, and hypothalamic sites. Thus, we found that ingestion of a sucrose solution results in the ability of rats to reliably discriminate naltrexone administration. In addition, sucrose and naltrexone altered c-Fos IR in an interactive fashion in brain regions known to be involved in ingestion behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Jewett
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA; (D.C.J.); (M.A.V.A.); (M.A.B.A.); (K.A.T.); (M.A.M.); (K.F.J.)
| | - Donisha S. N. K. Liyanagamage
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (D.S.N.K.L.); (T.P.); (A.K.); (P.K.O.)
| | - Mark A. Vanden Avond
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA; (D.C.J.); (M.A.V.A.); (M.A.B.A.); (K.A.T.); (M.A.M.); (K.F.J.)
| | - Molly A. B. Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA; (D.C.J.); (M.A.V.A.); (M.A.B.A.); (K.A.T.); (M.A.M.); (K.F.J.)
| | - Kyleigh A. Twaroski
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA; (D.C.J.); (M.A.V.A.); (M.A.B.A.); (K.A.T.); (M.A.M.); (K.F.J.)
| | - Morgan A. Marek
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA; (D.C.J.); (M.A.V.A.); (M.A.B.A.); (K.A.T.); (M.A.M.); (K.F.J.)
| | - Kimberly F. James
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA; (D.C.J.); (M.A.V.A.); (M.A.B.A.); (K.A.T.); (M.A.M.); (K.F.J.)
| | - Tapasya Pal
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (D.S.N.K.L.); (T.P.); (A.K.); (P.K.O.)
| | - Anica Klockars
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (D.S.N.K.L.); (T.P.); (A.K.); (P.K.O.)
| | - Pawel K. Olszewski
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (D.S.N.K.L.); (T.P.); (A.K.); (P.K.O.)
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Allen S. Levine
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren JN, Yin KJ, Fan G, Li X, Zhao L, Li Z, Zhang LL, Xie DY, Pan SY, Yuan F. Effect of short-term intake of high- and low-concentrations of sucrose solution on the neurochemistry of male and female mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:9103-9113. [PMID: 33026021 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of short-term intake of high- and low-concentrations of sucrose solution on the neurochemistry of male and female mice was studied. The body weight, feed intake, sucrose solution consumption and brain monoamine neurotransmitters were determined after 34 days' intake of 1% and 8% sucrose solutions. The gene expression and protein levels related to dopamine and opioids were also determined. The results showed that the intake of 1% and 8% sucrose solution for 34 days did not cause significant changes in the weight development of both male and female mice. The preference for sucrose varies with sex. Both males and females had greater preference for the high concentration sucrose solution than the low concentration sucrose solution. The continuous intake of sucrose stimulated the release of monoamine neurotransmitters (DA, 5-HT, NE) in the brains of mice, and the reward effect of 8% sucrose solution is significantly higher than that of 1% sucrose solution. The sex of mice did not affect the release of neurotransmitters. The gene expressions of D1 and D2 were up-regulated in the 1% sucrose group of male mice, while the OPRM1 gene expression was down-regulated. The expression of these three genes in the 8% sucrose group of male mice was all down-regulated, while the gene expressions of D1 and D2 in the 1% and 8% sucrose group (p < 0.05) of female mice were both up-regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Nan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Kai-Jing Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ding-Yuan Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fang Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hakim JD, Chami J, Keay KA. μ-Opioid and dopamine-D2 receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens of male Sprague-Dawley rats whose sucrose consumption, but not preference, decreases after nerve injury. Behav Brain Res 2020; 381:112416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
5
|
Nilholm C, Roth B, Ohlsson B. A Dietary Intervention with Reduction of Starch and Sucrose Leads to Reduced Gastrointestinal and Extra-Intestinal Symptoms in IBS Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071662. [PMID: 31330810 PMCID: PMC6682926 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) exhibit low-grade inflammation and increased gut permeability. Dietary sugar has been shown to contribute to low-grade inflammation and increased gut permeability, and to correlate with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) on gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-intestinal symptoms in IBS. One hundred and five IBS patients (82 women, 46.06 ± 13.11 years), with irritable bowel syndrome-symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS) > 175, were randomized to SSRD for 4 weeks or continued ordinary eating habits. The visual analog scale for irritable bowel syndrome (VAS-IBS), IBS-SSS, and 4-day food diaries were collected at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks. After the intervention, one-third of the patients did not fulfill the criteria for IBS/functional gastrointestinal disorder. Half of the participants changed from moderate/severe disease to no/mild disease according to IBS-SSS. Comparisons between the groups showed decreased weight and sweet cravings, and parallel decreases in total IBS-SSS and extra-intestinal IBS-SSS scores, in the intervention group compared to controls (p < 0.001 for all). When calculating separate extra-intestinal symptoms, belching (p = 0.001), muscle/joint pain (p = 0.029), urinary urgency (p = 0.017), and tiredness (p = 0.011) were decreased after introduction of SSRD compared to controls. In conclusion, SSRD improves both GI and extra-intestinal symptoms in IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Nilholm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Roth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Olszewski PK, Wood EL, Klockars A, Levine AS. Excessive Consumption of Sugar: an Insatiable Drive for Reward. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 8:120-128. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
7
|
Prolonged ad libitum access to low-concentration sucrose changes the neurochemistry of the nucleus accumbens in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 201:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
8
|
Bodnar RJ. Endogenous opioids and feeding behavior: A decade of further progress (2004-2014). A Festschrift to Dr. Abba Kastin. Peptides 2015; 72:20-33. [PMID: 25843025 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional elucidation of the endogenous opioid system temporally paralleled the creation and growth of the journal, Peptides, under the leadership of its founding editor, Dr. Abba Kastin. He was prescient in publishing annual and uninterrupted reviews on Endogenous Opiates and Behavior that served as a microcosm for the journal under his stewardship. This author published a 2004 review, "Endogenous opioids and feeding behavior: a thirty-year historical perspective", summarizing research in this field between 1974 and 2003. The present review "closes the circle" by reviewing the last 10 years (2004-2014) of research examining the role of endogenous opioids and feeding behavior. The review summarizes effects upon ingestive behavior following administration of opioid receptor agonists, in opioid receptor knockout animals, following administration of general opioid receptor antagonists, following administration of selective mu, delta, kappa and ORL-1 receptor antagonists, and evaluating opioid peptide and opioid receptor changes in different food intake models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Doctoral Program Cluster, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamamoto RT, Foulds-Mathes W, Kanarek RB. Antinociceptive actions of peripheral glucose administration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 117:34-9. [PMID: 24333388 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of intraperitoneal (ip) D-glucose administration on antinociception were studied in male Long-Evans rats. Rats were assessed for antinociception using the hot-water tail-withdrawal procedure (54±0.2 °C) to determine if peripheral administration of D-glucose (300, 560, or 720 mg/kg) would enhance morphine-mediated antinociception (MMA) (1.0, 3.0, 4.2, 5.6, and 10.0mg/kg cumulative-dosing regime) and if D-glucose (560, 720, or 1000 mg/kg) alone could produce antinociceptive activity that was naloxone (0.32 mg/kg) reversible. Additionally, the actions of D-glucose on MMA were compared with a stereoisomer, L-glucose, which is not metabolized. The results of these studies demonstrate that peripheral administration of D-glucose significantly enhances MMA and that D-glucose alone produces antinociceptive actions that are potentially mediated by the endogenous opioid system. Furthermore, L-glucose failed to have an effect on MMA suggesting that the alterations in antinociception seen with D-glucose are not due to stressors such as osmolality or injection. The current studies provide evidence that D-glucose alteration of antinociception is not simply a response to taste or gustation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinah T Yamamoto
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155,USA.
| | | | - Robin B Kanarek
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155,USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stice E, Figlewicz DP, Gosnell BA, Levine AS, Pratt WE. The contribution of brain reward circuits to the obesity epidemic. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 37:2047-58. [PMID: 23237885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the defining characteristics of the research of Ann E. Kelley was her recognition that the neuroscience underlying basic learning and motivation processes also shed significant light upon mechanisms underlying drug addiction and maladaptive eating patterns. In this review, we examine the parallels that exist in the neural pathways that process both food and drug reward, as determined by recent studies in animal models and human neuroimaging experiments. We discuss contemporary research that suggests that hyperphagia leading to obesity is associated with substantial neurochemical changes in the brain. These findings verify the relevance of reward pathways for promoting consumption of palatable, calorically dense foods, and lead to the important question of whether changes in reward circuitry in response to intake of such foods serve a causal role in the development and maintenance of some cases of obesity. Finally, we discuss the potential value for future studies at the intersection of the obesity epidemic and the neuroscience of motivation, as well as the potential concerns that arise from viewing excessive food intake as an "addiction". We suggest that it might be more useful to focus on overeating that results in frank obesity, and multiple health, interpersonal, and occupational negative consequences as a form of food "abuse".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR 97403, United States.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Humans eat for many reasons, including the rewarding qualities of foods. A host of neurotransmitters have been shown to influence eating behavior and some of these appear to be involved in reward-induced eating. Endogenous opioid peptides and their receptors were first reported more than 30 years ago, and studies suggesting a role of opioids in the regulation of food intake date back nearly as far. Opioid agonists and antagonists have corresponding stimulatory and inhibitory effects on feeding. In addition to studies aimed at identifying the relevant receptor subtypes and sites of action within the brain, there has been a continuing interest in the role of opioids on diet/taste preferences, food reward, and the overlap of food reward with others types of reward. Data exist that suggest a role for opioids in the control of appetite for specific macronutrients, but there is also evidence for their role in the stimulation of intake based on already-existing diet or taste preferences and in controlling intake motivated by hedonics rather than by energy needs. Finally, various types of studies indicate an overlap between mechanisms mediating drug reward and palatable food reward. Preference or consumption of sweet substances often parallels the self-administration of several drugs of abuse, and under certain conditions, the termination of intermittent access to sweet substances produces symptoms that resemble those observed during opiate withdrawal. The overconsumption of readily available and highly palatable foods likely contributes to the growing rates of obesity worldwide. An understanding of the role of opioids in mediating food reward and promoting the overconsumption of palatable foods may provide insights into new approaches for preventing obesity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Role of the opioid system in incentive downshift situations. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2009; 92:439-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Abstract
This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It summarizes papers published during 2005 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity, neurophysiology and transmitter release (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); immunological responses (Section 17).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Levine AS. The animal model in food intake regulation: Examples from the opioid literature. Physiol Behav 2006; 89:92-6. [PMID: 16563444 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Animal models allow us to investigate the basic mechanisms by which food intake is regulated. There are a host of neuroregulators distributed across a complex central network that control eating behavior. The opioid peptides represent one family of such regulators that have been studied extensively in animals. Using anatomical, biochemical and behavioral methods investigators have found that opioids play an important role in reward-related eating. In this brief review we summarize representative animal studies that utilize a variety of experimental techniques to help explain the role of opioids in ingestive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen S Levine
- University of Minnesota, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States.
| |
Collapse
|