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Wang S, He Q, Qu Y, Yin W, Zhao R, Wang X, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Emerging strategies for nerve repair and regeneration in ischemic stroke: neural stem cell therapy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2430-2443. [PMID: 38526280 PMCID: PMC11090435 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with limited treatment options available in clinical practice. The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function. Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect. Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses, including nerve repair, endogenous regeneration, immune function, and blood-brain barrier permeability, through the secretion of bioactive substances, including extracellular vesicles/exosomes. However, due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation, limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved. In this paper, we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results, and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells. We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Wang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xuyutian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Rizzo SA, Bartley O, Rosser AE, Newland B. Oxygen-glucose deprivation in neurons: implications for cell transplantation therapies. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102126. [PMID: 34339808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapies hold the potential to restore neuronal networks compromised by neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease), or focal tissue damage (via a stroke or spinal cord injury). Despite some promising results achieved to date, transplanted cells typically exhibit poor survival in the central nervous system, thus limiting therapeutic efficacy of the graft. Although cell death post-transplantation is likely to be multifactorial in causality, growing evidence suggests that the lack of vascularisation at the graft site, and the resulting ischemic host environment, may play a fundamental role in the fate of grafted cells. Herein, we summarise data showing how the deprivation of either oxygen, glucose, or both in combination, impacts the survival of neurons and review strategies which may improve graft survival in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Bartley
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Anne E Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and B.R.A.I.N Unit, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK; Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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3
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Mukherjee N, Adak A, Ghosh S. Recent trends in the development of peptide and protein-based hydrogel therapeutics for the healing of CNS injury. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10046-10064. [PMID: 32724981 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00885k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) cause millions of deaths and permanent or prolonged physical disabilities around the globe every year. It generally happens due to various incidents, such as accidents during sports, war, physical assault, and strokes which result in severe damage to brain and spinal cord. If this remains untreated, traumatic CNS injuries may lead to early development of several neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson, multiple sclerosis, and other mental illnesses. The initial physical reaction, which is also termed as the primary phase, includes swelling, followed by inflammation as a result of internal haemorrhage causing damage to indigenous tissue, i.e., axonal shear injury, rupture of blood vessels, and partial impaired supply of oxygen and essential nutrients in the neurons, thereby initiating a cascade of events causing secondary injuries such as hypoxia, hypotension, cognitive impairment, seizures, imbalanced calcium homeostasis and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity resulting in concomitant neuronal cell death and cumulative permanent tissue damage. In the modern era of advanced biomedical technology, we are still living with scarcity of the clinically applicable comparative non-invasive therapeutic strategies for regeneration or functional recovery of neurons or neural networks after a massive CNS injury. One of the key reasons for this scarcity is the limited regenerative ability of neurons in CNS. Growth-impermissive glial scar and the lack of a synthetic biocompatible platform for proper neural tissue engineering and controlled supply of drugs further retard the healing process. Injectable or implantable hydrogel materials, consisting majorly of water in its porous three-dimensional (3D) structure, can serve as an excellent drug delivery platform as well as a transplanted cell-supporting scaffold medium. Among the various neuro-compatible bioinspired materials, we are limiting our discussion to the recent advancement of engineered biomaterials comprising mainly of peptides and proteins due to their growing demand, low immunogenicity and versatility in the fabrication of neuro regenerative medicine. In this article, we try to explore all the recent scientific avenues that are developing gradually to make peptide and peptide-conjugated biomaterial hydrogels as a therapeutic and supporting scaffold for treating CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Mukherjee
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India.
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Traumatic Brain Injury Preserves Firing Rates But Disrupts Laminar Oscillatory Coupling and Neuronal Entrainment in Hippocampal CA1. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0495-19.2020. [PMID: 32737188 PMCID: PMC7477953 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0495-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While hippocampal-dependent learning and memory are particularly vulnerable to traumatic brain injury (TBI), the functional status of individual hippocampal neurons and their interactions with oscillations are unknown following injury. Using the most common rodent TBI model and laminar recordings in CA1, we found a significant reduction in oscillatory input into the radiatum layer of CA1 after TBI. Surprisingly, CA1 neurons maintained normal firing rates despite attenuated input, but did not maintain appropriate synchronization with this oscillatory input or with local high-frequency oscillations. Normal synchronization between these coordinating oscillations was also impaired. Simultaneous recordings of medial septal neurons known to participate in theta oscillations revealed increased GABAergic/glutamatergic firing rates postinjury under anesthesia, potentially because of a loss of modulating feedback from the hippocampus. These results suggest that TBI leads to a profound disruption of connectivity and oscillatory interactions, potentially disrupting the timing of CA1 neuronal ensembles that underlie aspects of learning and memory.
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) Counteracts the Acute Death of Cells Transplanted into the Injured Spinal Cord. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0092-19.2019. [PMID: 31488552 PMCID: PMC7215587 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0092-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular transplantation is in clinical testing for a number of central nervous system disorders, including spinal cord injury (SCI). One challenge is acute transplanted cell death. To prevent this death, there is a need to both establish when the death occurs and develop approaches to mitigate its effects. Here, using luciferase (luc) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing Schwann cell (SC) transplants in the contused thoracic rat spinal cord 7 d postinjury, we establish via in vivo bioluminescent (IVIS) imaging and stereology that cell death occurs prior to 2–3 d postimplantation. We then test an alternative approach to the current paradigm of enhancing transplant survival by including multiple factors along with the cells. To stimulate multiple cellular adaptive pathways concurrently, we activate the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) transcriptional pathway. Retroviral expression of VP16-HIF-1α in SCs increased HIF-α by 5.9-fold and its target genes implicated in oxygen transport and delivery (VEGF, 2.2-fold) and cellular metabolism (enolase, 1.7-fold). In cell death assays in vitro, HIF-1α protected cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. It also provided some protection against camptothecin-induced DNA damage, but not thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress or tunicamycin-induced unfolded protein response. Following transplantation, VP16-HIF-1α increased SC survival by 34.3%. The increase in cell survival was detectable by stereology, but not by in vivo luciferase or ex vivo GFP IVIS imaging. The results support the hypothesis that activating adaptive cellular pathways enhances transplant survival and identifies an alternative pro-survival approach that, with optimization, could be amenable to clinical translation.
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Rochford AE, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Curto VF, Malliaras GG, Barone DG. When Bio Meets Technology: Biohybrid Neural Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903182. [PMID: 31517403 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of electronics capable of interfacing with the nervous system is a rapidly advancing field with applications in basic science and clinical translation. Devices containing arrays of electrodes can be used in the study of cells grown in culture or can be implanted into damaged or dysfunctional tissue to restore normal function. While devices are typically designed and used exclusively for one of these two purposes, there have been increasing efforts in developing implantable electrode arrays capable of housing cultured cells, referred to as biohybrid implants. Once implanted, the cells within these implants integrate into the tissue, serving as a mediator of the electrode-tissue interface. This biological component offers unique advantages to these implant designs, providing better tissue integration and potentially long-term stability. Herein, an overview of current research into biohybrid devices, as well as the historical background that led to their development are provided, based on the host anatomical location for which they are designed (CNS, PNS, or special senses). Finally, a summary of the key challenges of this technology and potential future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Rochford
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | | | - Vincenzo F Curto
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Damiano G Barone
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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7
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Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Enhances the Expression of Angiogenic Factors in a Mouse Acute Hindlimb Ischemic Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1083:1-17. [PMID: 28687961 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration and molecular mechanisms during healing of damaged vascular or muscle tissues are emerging fields of interest worldwide. The study herein focuses on evaluating the role of allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in restoring damaged tissues. Using a hindlimb ischemic mouse model, ADMSC-mediated induction of cell migration and gene expression related to myocyte regeneration and angiogenesis were evaluated. ADMSCs were labeled with GFP (ADMSC-GFP). The proximal end of the femoral blood vessel of mice (over 6 months of age) are ligated at two positions then cut between the two ties. Hindlimb ischemic mice were randomly divided into two groups: Group I (n = 30) which was injected with PBS (100 μL) and Group II (n = 30) which was transplanted with ADMSC-GFP (106 cells/100 μL PBS) at the rectus femoris muscle. The migration of ADMSC-GFP in hindlimb was analyzed by UV-Vis system. The expression of genes related to angiogenesis and muscle tissue repair was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that ADMSCs existed in the grafted hindlimb for 7 days. Grafted cells migrated to other damaged areas such as thigh and heel. In both groups the ischemic hindlimb showed an increased expression of several angiogenic genes, including Flt-1, Flk-1, and Ang-2. In particular, the expression of Ang-2 and myogenic-related gene MyoD was significantly increased in the ADMSC-treated group compared to the PBS-treated (control) group; the expression increased at day 28 compared to day 3. The other factors, such as VE-Cadherin, HGF, CD31, Myf5, and TGF-β, were also more highly expressed in the ADMSC-treated group than in the control group. Thus, grafted ADMSCs were able to migrate to other areas in the injured hindlimb, persist for approximately 7 days, and have a significantly positive impact on stimulating expression of myogenic- and angiogenesis-related genes.
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Skop NB, Singh S, Antikainen H, Saqcena C, Calderon F, Rothbard DE, Cho CH, Gandhi CD, Levison SW, Dobrowolski R. Subacute Transplantation of Native and Genetically Engineered Neural Progenitors Seeded on Microsphere Scaffolds Promote Repair and Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury. ASN Neuro 2019; 11:1759091419830186. [PMID: 30818968 PMCID: PMC6399762 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419830186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is intense interest and effort toward regenerating the brain after severe injury. Stem cell transplantation after insult to the central nervous system has been regarded as the most promising approach for repair; however, engrafting cells alone might not be sufficient for effective regeneration. In this study, we have compared neural progenitors (NPs) from the fetal ventricular zone (VZ), the postnatal subventricular zone, and an immortalized radial glia (RG) cell line engineered to conditionally secrete the trophic factor insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Upon differentiation in vitro, the VZ cells were able to generate a greater number of neurons than subventricular zone cells. Furthermore, differentiated VZ cells generated pyramidal neurons . In vitro, doxycycline-driven secretion of IGF-1 strongly promoted neuronal differentiation of cells with hippocampal, interneuron and cortical specificity. Accordingly, VZ and engineered RG-IGF-1-hemagglutinin (HA) cells were selected for subsequent in vivo experiments. To increase cell survival, we delivered the NPs attached to a multifunctional chitosan-based scaffold. The microspheres containing adherent NPs were injected subacutely into the lesion cavity of adult rat brains that had sustained controlled cortical impact injury. At 2 weeks posttransplantation, the exogenously introduced cells showed a reduction in stem cell or progenitor markers and acquired mature neuronal and glial markers. In beam walking tests assessing sensorimotor recovery, transplanted RG cells secreting IGF-1 contributed significantly to functional improvement while native VZ or RG cells did not promote significant recovery. Altogether, these results support the therapeutic potential of chitosan-based multifunctional microsphere scaffolds seeded with genetically modified NPs expressing IGF-1 to promote repair and functional recovery after traumatic brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan B. Skop
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sweta Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Henri Antikainen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Chaitali Saqcena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Frances Calderon
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Deborah E. Rothbard
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Cheul H. Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Chirag D. Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center at NY Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Steven W. Levison
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
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Zamproni LN, Grinet MAVM, Mundim MTVV, Reis MBC, Galindo LT, Marciano FR, Lobo AO, Porcionatto M. Rotary jet-spun porous microfibers as scaffolds for stem cells delivery to central nervous system injury. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 15:98-107. [PMID: 30244084 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising strategy to treat brain injuries. However, cell-based therapies are limited because poor local cell engraftment. Here, we present a polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold to support mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivery in stroke. We isolated bone marrow MSCs from adult C57/Bl6 mice, cultured them on PLA polymeric rough microfibrous (PRM) scaffolds obtained by rotary jet spinning, and transplanted over the brains of adult C57/Bl6 mice, carrying thermocoagulation-induced cortical stroke. No inflammatory response to PRM was found. MSCs transplantation significantly reduced the area of the lesion and PRM delivery increased MSCs retention at the injury site. In addition, PRM upregulated α6-integrin and CXCL12 production, which may be the cause for greater cell retention at the lesion site and may provide additional benefit to MSCs transplantation procedures. We conclude that PRM scaffolds offer a promising new system to deliver stem cells to injured areas of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Zamproni
- Neurobiology Lab, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mayara T V V Mundim
- Neurobiology Lab, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcella B C Reis
- Neurobiology Lab, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Layla T Galindo
- Neurobiology Lab, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Marciano
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson O Lobo
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Neurobiology Lab, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abati E, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Corti S. Preconditioning and Cellular Engineering to Increase the Survival of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells for Motor Neuron Disease Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3356-3367. [PMID: 30120734 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extensive research effort that has been made in the field, motor neuron diseases, namely, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophies, still represent an overwhelming cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exogenous neural stem cell-based transplantation approaches have been investigated as multifaceted strategies to both protect and repair upper and lower motor neurons from degeneration and inflammation. Transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) exert their beneficial effects not only through the replacement of damaged cells but also via bystander immunomodulatory and neurotrophic actions. Notwithstanding these promising findings, the clinical translatability of such techniques is jeopardized by the limited engraftment success and survival of transplanted cells within the hostile disease microenvironment. To overcome this obstacle, different methods to enhance graft survival, stability, and therapeutic potential have been developed, including environmental stress preconditioning, biopolymers scaffolds, and genetic engineering. In this review, we discuss current engineering techniques aimed at the exploitation of the migratory, proliferative, and secretive capacity of NSCs and their relevance for the therapeutic arsenal against motor neuron disorders and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abati
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. .,Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Basuodan R, Basu AP, Clowry GJ. Human neural stem cells dispersed in artificial ECM form cerebral organoids when grafted in vivo. J Anat 2018; 233:155-166. [PMID: 29745426 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neural stem cells (hNSC) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into neurons that could be used for transplantation to repair brain injury. In this study we dispersed such hNSC in a three-dimensional artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) and compared their differentiation in vitro and following grafting into the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of postnatal day (P)14 rat pups lesioned by localised injection of endothelin-1 at P12. After 10-43 days of in vitro differentiation, a few cells remained as PAX6+ neuroprogenitors but many more resembled post-mitotic neurons expressing doublecortin, β-tubulin and MAP2. These cells remained dispersed throughout the ECM, but with extended long processes for over 50 μm. In vivo, by 1 month post grafting, cells expressing human specific markers instead organised into cerebral organoids: columns of tightly packed PAX6 co-expressing progenitor cells arranged around small tubular lumen in rosettes, with a looser network of cells with processes around the outside co-expressing markers of immature neurons including doublecortin, and CTIP2 characteristic of corticofugal neurons. Host cells also invaded the graft including microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells forming blood vessels. By 10 weeks post-grafting, the organoids had disappeared and the aECM had started to break down with fewer transplanted cells remaining. In vitro, cerebral organoids form in rotating incubators that force oxygen and nutrients to the centre of the structures. We have shown that cerebral organoids can form in vivo; intrinsic factors may direct their organisation including infiltration by host blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Basuodan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Noura bint Abdulrhman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna P Basu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin J Clowry
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Cheng SY, Wang SC, Lei M, Wang Z, Xiong K. Regulatory role of calpain in neuronal death. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:556-562. [PMID: 29623944 PMCID: PMC5900522 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a group of calcium-dependent proteases that are over activated by increased intracellular calcium levels under pathological conditions. A wide range of substrates that regulate necrotic, apoptotic and autophagic pathways are affected by calpain. Calpain plays a very important role in neuronal death and various neurological disorders. This review introduces recent research progress related to the regulatory mechanisms of calpain in neuronal death. Various neuronal programmed death pathways including apoptosis, autophagy and regulated necrosis can be divided into receptor interacting protein-dependent necroptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition-dependent necrosis, pyroptosis and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1-mediated parthanatos. Calpains cleave series of key substrates that may lead to cell death or participate in cell death. Regarding the investigation of calpain-mediated programed cell death, it is necessary to identify specific inhibitors that inhibit calpain mediated neuronal death and nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-ying Cheng
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu-chao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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González-Nieto D, Fernández-García L, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Guinea GV, Panetsos F. Hydrogels-Assisted Cell Engraftment for Repairing the Stroke-Damaged Brain: Chimera or Reality. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020184. [PMID: 30966220 PMCID: PMC6415003 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of advanced biomaterials as a structural and functional support for stem cells-based therapeutic implants has boosted the development of tissue engineering applications in multiple clinical fields. In relation to neurological disorders, we are still far from the clinical reality of restoring normal brain function in neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular disorders. Hydrogel polymers show unique mechanical stiffness properties in the range of living soft tissues such as nervous tissue. Furthermore, the use of these polymers drastically enhances the engraftment of stem cells as well as their capacity to produce and deliver neuroprotective and neuroregenerative factors in the host tissue. Along this article, we review past and current trends in experimental and translational research to understand the opportunities, benefits, and types of tentative hydrogel-based applications for the treatment of cerebral disorders. Although the use of hydrogels for brain disorders has been restricted to the experimental area, the current level of knowledge anticipates an intense development of this field to reach clinics in forthcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Fernández-García
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group: Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Laminin-derived Ile-Lys-Val-ala-Val: a promising bioactive peptide in neural tissue engineering in traumatic brain injury. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:223-236. [PMID: 29082446 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The adult brain has a very limited regeneration capacity and there is no effective treatment currently available for brain injury. Neuroprotective drugs aim to reduce the intensity of cell degeneration but do not trigger tissue regeneration. Cell replacement therapy is a novel strategy to overcome brain injury-induced disability. To enhance cell viability and neuronal differentiation, developing bioactive scaffolds combined with stem cells for transplantation is a crucial approach in brain tissue engineering. Cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a vital role in neuronal cell survival, neurite outgrowth, attachment, migration, differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, appropriate cell-ECM interactions are essential when designing and modifying scaffolds for application in neural tissue engineering. To improve cell-ECM interactions, scaffolds can be modified with bioactive peptides. Here, we discuss the characteristic features of laminin-derived Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val (IKVAV) sequence as a bio-functional motif in scaffolds and the behavior of stem cells in scaffolds conjugated with the IKVAV peptide. The incorporation of this bioactive peptide in nanofiber scaffolds markedly improves stem cell behavior and may be a potential method for cell replacement therapy in traumatic brain injury.
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15
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Bernstock JD, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Ye D, Gessler FA, Maric D, Vicario N, Lee YJ, Pluchino S, Hallenbeck JM. Neural stem cell transplantation in ischemic stroke: A role for preconditioning and cellular engineering. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2314-2319. [PMID: 28303738 PMCID: PMC5531358 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17700432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. To protect and/or repair the ischemic brain, a multitiered approach may be centered on neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation. Transplanted NSCs exert beneficial effects not only via structural replacement, but also via immunomodulatory and/or neurotrophic actions. Unfortunately, the clinical translation of such promising therapies remains elusive, in part due to their limited persistence/survivability within the hostile ischemic microenvironment. Herein, we discuss current approaches for the development of NSCs more amenable to survival within the ischemic brain as a tool for future cellular therapies in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Ye
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Florian A Gessler
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dragan Maric
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yang-Ja Lee
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John M Hallenbeck
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Wu S, Xu R, Duan B, Jiang P. Three-Dimensional Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel-Based Models for In Vitro Human iPSC-Derived NPC Culture and Differentiation. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3870-3878. [PMID: 28775848 PMCID: PMC5536346 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00721c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hiPSC-NPCs) are considered as a promising cell source for transplantation and have been used for organoid fabrication to recapitulate central nervous system (CNS) diseases in vitro. The establishment of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model with hiPSC-NPCs and control of their differentiation is significantly critical for understanding biological processes and CNS disease and regeneration. Here we implemented 3D methacrylated hyaluronic acid (Me-HA) hydrogels with encapsulation of hiPSC-NPCs as in vitro culture models and further investigated the role of the hydrogel rigidity on the cell behavior of hiPSC-NPCs. We first encapsulated single dispersive hiPSC-NPCs within both soft and stiff Me-HA hydrogel and found that hiPSC-NPCs gradually self-assembled and aggregated to form 3D spheroids. Then, the hiPSC-NPCs were laden into Me-HA hydrogels in the form of spheroids to evaluate their spontaneous differentiation in response to hydrogel rigidity. The soft Me-HA hydrogel-encapsulated hiPSC-NPCs displayed robust neurite outgrowth and showed high levels of spontaneous neural differentiation. We further encapsulated Down Syndrome (DS) patient-specific hiPSC-derived NPCs (DS-NPCs) spheroids within our hydrogels. DS-NPCs remained excellent cell viability in both soft and stiff Me-HA hydrogels. Similarly, soft hydrogels promoted neural differentiation of DS-NPCs by significantly upregulating neural maturation markers. This study demonstrates that soft matrix promotes neural differentiation of hiPSC-NPCs and HA-based hydrogels with hiPSC-NPCs or DS-NPCs are effective 3D models for CNS disease study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ranjie Xu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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17
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Adak A, Das G, Barman S, Mohapatra S, Bhunia D, Jana B, Ghosh S. Biodegradable Neuro-Compatible Peptide Hydrogel Promotes Neurite Outgrowth, Shows Significant Neuroprotection, and Delivers Anti-Alzheimer Drug. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5067-5076. [PMID: 28090777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel neuro-compatible peptide-based hydrogel has been designed and developed, which contains microtubule stabilizing and neuroprotective short peptide. This hydrogel shows strong three-dimensional cross-linked fibrillary networks, which can capture water molecules. Interestingly, this hydrogel serves as excellent biocompatible soft material for 2D and 3D (neurosphere) neuron cell culture and provides stability of key cytoskeleton filaments such as microtubule and actin. Remarkably, it was observed that this hydrogel slowly enzymatically degrades and releases neuroprotective peptide, which promotes neurite outgrowth of neuron cell as well as exhibits excellent neuroprotection against anti-NGF-induced toxicity in neuron cells. Further, it can encapsulate anti-Alzheimer and anticancer hydrophobic drug curcumin, releases slowly, and inhibits significantly the growth of a 3D spheroid of neuron cancer cells. Thus, this novel neuroprotective hydrogel can be used for both neuronal cell transplantation for repairing brain damage as well as a delivery vehicle for neuroprotective agents, anti-Alzheimer, and anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindyasundar Adak
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Gaurav Das
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Surajit Barman
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Debmalya Bhunia
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Batakrishna Jana
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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18
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Modification of Bone Marrow Stem Cells for Homing and Survival During Cerebral Ischemia. BONE MARROW STEM CELL THERAPY FOR STROKE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7121342 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-2929-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, major advances have been made in stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke, which is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Various stem cells from bone marrow, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), have shown therapeutic potential for stroke. Concomitant with these exciting findings are some fundamental bottlenecks that must be overcome in order to accelerate their clinical translation, including the low survival and engraftment caused by the harsh microenvironment after transplantation. In this chapter, strategies such as gene modification, hypoxia/growth factor preconditioning, and biomaterial-based methods to improve cell survival and homing are summarized, and the potential strategies for their future application are also discussed.
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19
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20
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Russell LN, Lampe KJ. Engineering Biomaterials to Influence Oligodendroglial Growth, Maturation, and Myelin Production. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 202:85-101. [PMID: 27701172 DOI: 10.1159/000446645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from damage or disease to the nervous system that results in a loss of myelin, such as through a spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. Diminished myelin levels lead to further cell death in which unmyelinated neurons die. In the central nervous system, a loss of myelin is especially detrimental because of its poor ability to regenerate. Cell therapies such as stem or precursor cell injection have been investigated as stem cells are able to grow and differentiate into the damaged cells; however, stem cell injection alone has been unsuccessful in many areas of neural regeneration. Therefore, researchers have begun exploring combined therapies with biomaterials that promote cell growth and differentiation while localizing cells in the injured area. The regrowth of myelinating oligodendrocytes from neural stem cells through a biomaterials approach may prove to be a beneficial strategy following the onset of demyelination. This article reviews recent advancements in biomaterial strategies for the differentiation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes, and presents new data indicating appropriate properties for oligodendrocyte precursor cell growth. In some cases, an increase in oligodendrocyte differentiation alongside neurons is further highlighted for functional improvements where the biomaterial was then tested for increased myelination both in vitro and in vivo.
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21
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Laughter MR, Ammar DA, Bardill JR, Pena B, Kahook MY, Lee DJ, Park D. A Self-Assembling Injectable Biomimetic Microenvironment Encourages Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Extension in Vitro. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:20540-8. [PMID: 27434231 PMCID: PMC5752433 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sensory-somatic nervous system neurons, such as retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), are typically thought to be incapable of regenerating. However, it is now known that these cells may be stimulated to regenerate by providing them with a growth permissive environment. We have engineered an injectable microenvironment designed to provide growth-stimulating cues for RGC culture. Upon gelation, this injectable material not only self-assembles into laminar sheets, similar to retinal organization, but also possesses a storage modulus comparable to that of retinal tissue. Primary rat RGCs were grown, stained, and imaged in this three-dimensional scaffold. We were able to show that RGCs grown in this retina-like structure exhibited characteristic long, prominent axons. In addition, RGCs showed a consistent increase in average axon length and neurite-bearing ratio over the 7 day culture period, indicating this scaffold is capable of supporting substantial RGC axon extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Laughter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - David A. Ammar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - James R. Bardill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Brisa Pena
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Malik Y. Kahook
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - David J. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Daewon Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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22
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Biomaterial Applications in Cell-Based Therapy in Experimental Stroke. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6810562. [PMID: 27274738 PMCID: PMC4870368 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6810562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is an important health issue corresponding to the second cause of mortality and first cause of severe disability with no effective treatments after the first hours of onset. Regenerative approaches such as cell therapy provide an increase in endogenous brain structural plasticity but they are not enough to promote a complete recovery. Tissue engineering has recently aroused a major interesting development of biomaterials for use into the central nervous system. Many biomaterials have been engineered based on natural compounds, synthetic compounds, or a mix of both with the aim of providing polymers with specific properties. The mechanical properties of biomaterials can be exquisitely regulated forming polymers with different stiffness, modifiable physical state that polymerizes in situ, or small particles encapsulating cells or growth factors. The choice of biomaterial compounds should be adapted for the different applications, structure target, and delay of administration. Biocompatibilities with embedded cells and with the host tissue and biodegradation rate must be considerate. In this paper, we review the different applications of biomaterials combined with cell therapy in ischemic stroke and we explore specific features such as choice of biomaterial compounds and physical and mechanical properties concerning the recent studies in experimental stroke.
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23
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Francis NL, Bennett NK, Halikere A, Pang ZP, Moghe PV. Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffolds for 3-D Reprogramming and Transplantation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1030-1038. [PMID: 32582837 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While cell transplantation presents a potential strategy to treat the functional deficits of neurodegenerative diseases or central nervous system injuries, the poor survival rate of grafted cells in vivo is a major barrier to effective therapeutic treatment. In this study, we investigated the role of a peptide-based nanofibrous scaffold composed of the self-assembling peptide RADA16-I to support the reprogramming and maturation of human neurons in vitro and to transplant these neurons in vivo. The induced human neurons were generated via the single transcriptional factor transduction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are a promising cell source for regenerative therapies. These neurons encapsulated within RADA16-I scaffolds displayed robust neurite outgrowth and demonstrated high levels of functional activity in vitro compared to that of 2-D controls, as determined by live cell calcium imaging. When evaluated in vivo as a transplantation vehicle for adherent, functional networks of neurons, monodisperse RADA16-I microspheres significantly increased survival (over 100-fold greater) compared to the conventional transplantation of unsupported neurons in suspension. The scaffold-encapsulated neurons integrated well in vivo within the injection site, extending neurites several hundred microns long into the host brain tissue. Overall, these results suggest that this biomaterial platform can be used to successfully improve the outcome of cell transplantation and neuro-regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Neal K Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Apoorva Halikere
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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24
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Ali ZS, Johnson VE, Stewart W, Zager EL, Xiao R, Heuer GG, Weber MT, Mallela AN, Smith DH. Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury With and Without Concomitant Spinal Cord Injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:69-85. [PMID: 26671984 PMCID: PMC6322589 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal brachial plexus avulsion injury (BPAI) commonly occurs as a consequence of birth trauma and can result in lifetime morbidity; however, little is known regarding the evolving neuropathological processes it induces. In particular, mechanical forces during BPAI can concomittantly damage the spinal cord and may contribute to outcome. Here, we describe the functional and neuropathological outcome following BPAI, with or without spinal cord injury, in a novel pediatric animal model. Twenty-eight-day-old piglets underwent unilateral C5–C7 BPAI with and without limited myelotomy. Following avulsion, all animals demonstrated right forelimb monoparesis. Injury extending into the spinal cord conferred greater motor deficit, including long tract signs. Consistent with clinical observations, avulsion with myelotomy resulted in more severe neuropathological changes with greater motor neuron death, progressive axonopathy, and persistent glial activation. These data demonstrate neuropathological features of BPAI associated with poor functional outcome. Interestingly, in contrast to adult small animal models of BPAI, a degree of motor neuron survival was observed, even following severe injury in this neonatal model. If this is also the case in human neonatal BPAI, repair may permit functional restoration. This model also provides a clinically relevant platform for exploring the complex postavulsion neuropathological responses that may inform therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina S. Ali
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Victoria E. Johnson
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - William Stewart
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Eric L. Zager
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Rui Xiao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Gregory G. Heuer
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Maura T. Weber
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Arka N. Mallela
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Douglas H. Smith
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
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25
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Shendi D, Dede A, Yin Y, Wang C, Valmikinathan C, Jain A. Tunable, bioactive protein conjugated hyaluronic acid hydrogel for neural engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2803-2818. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-step Michael addition click chemistry reaction is used to fabricate a bioactive conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffold for neural engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Shendi
- nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory
- Department Biomedical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
| | - Ana Dede
- nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory
- Department Biomedical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
| | - Yuan Yin
- nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory
- Department Biomedical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
| | - Chaoming Wang
- nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory
- Department Biomedical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
| | | | - Anjana Jain
- nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory
- Department Biomedical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
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26
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Karumbaiah L, Enam SF, Brown AC, Saxena T, Betancur MI, Barker TH, Bellamkonda RV. Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan Hydrogels Create Endogenous Niches for Neural Stem Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2336-49. [PMID: 26440046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess great potential for neural tissue repair after traumatic injuries to the central nervous system (CNS). However, poor survival and self-renewal of NSCs after injury severely limits its therapeutic potential. Sulfated chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) linked to CS proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) have the ability to bind and potentiate trophic factor efficacy, and promote NSC self-renewal in vivo. In this study, we investigated the potential of CS-GAG hydrogels composed of monosulfated CS-4 (CS-A), CS-6 (CS-C), and disulfated CS-4,6 (CS-E) CS-GAGs as NSC carriers, and their ability to create endogenous niches by enriching specific trophic factors to support NSC self-renewal. We demonstrate that CS-GAG hydrogel scaffolds showed minimal swelling and degradation over a period of 15 days in vitro, absorbing only 6.5 ± 0.019% of their initial weight, and showing no significant loss of mass during this period. Trophic factors FGF-2, BDNF, and IL10 bound with high affinity to CS-GAGs, and were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in CS-GAG hydrogels when compared to unsulfated hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels. Dissociated rat subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs when encapsulated in CS-GAG hydrogels demonstrated ∼88.5 ± 6.1% cell viability in vitro. Finally, rat neurospheres in CS-GAG hydrogels conditioned with the mitogen FGF-2 demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) higher self-renewal when compared to neurospheres cultured in unconditioned hydrogels. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the ability of CS-GAG based hydrogels to regulate NSC self-renewal, and facilitate growth factor enrichment locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, ADS Complex, The University of Georgia , 425 River Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | | | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering NC State University/UNC-Chapel Hill , 4204 B Engineering Building III, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | - Martha I Betancur
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, ADS Complex, The University of Georgia , 425 River Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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27
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Piltti KM, Avakian SN, Funes GM, Hu A, Uchida N, Anderson AJ, Cummings BJ. Transplantation dose alters the dynamics of human neural stem cell engraftment, proliferation and migration after spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:341-53. [PMID: 26298025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of transplantation dose on the spatiotemporal dynamics of human neural stem cell (hNSC) engraftment has not been quantitatively evaluated in the central nervous system. We investigated changes over time in engraftment/survival, proliferation, and migration of multipotent human central nervous system-derived neural stem cells (hCNS-SCns) transplanted at doses ranging from 10,000 to 500,000 cells in spinal cord injured immunodeficient mice. Transplant dose was inversely correlated with measures of donor cell proliferation at 2 weeks post-transplant (WPT) and dose-normalized engraftment at 16 WPT. Critically, mice receiving the highest cell dose exhibited an engraftment plateau, in which the total number of engrafted human cells never exceeded the initial dose. These data suggest that donor cell expansion was inversely regulated by target niche parameters and/or transplantation density. Investigation of the response of donor cells to the host microenvironment should be a key variable in defining target cell dose in pre-clinical models of CNS disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Piltti
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Physical & Medical Rehabilitation, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Sabrina N Avakian
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gabriella M Funes
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Antoinette Hu
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Aileen J Anderson
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Physical & Medical Rehabilitation, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Physical & Medical Rehabilitation, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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28
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Roux C, Lesueur C, Aligny C, Brasse-Lagnel C, Genty D, Marret S, Laquerrière A, Bekri S, Gonzalez BJ. 3-MA Inhibits Autophagy and Favors Long-Term Integration of Grafted Gad67–GFP GABAergic Precursors in the Developing Neocortex by Preventing Apoptosis. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:1425-50. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x670174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In human neonates, immature GABAergic interneurons are markedly affected by an excitotoxic insult. While in adults the interest of cell transplantation has been demonstrated in several neurological disorders, few data are available regarding the immature brain. The low survival rate constitutes a strong limitation in the capacity of transplanted neurons to integrate the host tissue. Because i) autophagy is an adaptive process to energetic/nutrient deprivation essential for cell survival and ii) literature describes cross-talks between autophagy and apoptosis, we hypothesized that regulation of autophagy would represent an original strategy to favor long-term survival of GABAergic precursors grafted in the immature neocortex. Morphological, neurochemical, and functional data showed that in control conditions, few grafted Gad67-GFP precursors survived. The first hours following transplantation were a critical period with intense apoptosis. Experiments performed on E15.5 ganglionic eminences revealed that Gad67-GFP precursors were highly sensitive to autophagy. Rapamycin and 3-MA impacted on LC3 cleavage, LC3II translocation, and autophagosome formation. Quantification of Bax, mitochondrial integrity, caspase-3 cleavage, and caspase-3 immunolocalization and activity showed that 3-MA induced a significant decrease of Gad67-GFP precursor apoptosis. In vivo, 3-MA induced, within the first 24 h, a diffuse LC3 pattern of grafted Gad67-GFP precursors, an increase of precursors with neurites, a reduction of the density of caspase-3 immunoreactive cells. A twofold increase in the survival rate occurred 15 days after the graft. Surviving neurons were localized in the cortical layers II–IV, which were still immature when the transplantation was done. Altogether, these data indicate that inhibition of autophagy represents an original strategy to allow GABAergic interneurons to overpass the first critical hours following transplantation and to increase their long-term survival in mice neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roux
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Lesueur
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Aligny
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Brasse-Lagnel
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Genty
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J. Gonzalez
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
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Abstract
Stem cells have emerged as promising tools for the treatment of incurable neural and heart diseases and tissue damage. However, the survival of transplanted stem cells is reported to be low, reducing their therapeutic effects. The major causes of poor survival of stem cells in vivo are linked to anoikis, potential immune rejection, and oxidative damage mediating apoptosis. This review investigates novel methods and potential molecular mechanisms for stem cell preconditioning in vitro to increase their retention after transplantation in damaged tissues. Microenvironmental preconditioning (e.g., hypoxia, heat shock, and exposure to oxidative stress), aggregate formation, and hydrogel encapsulation have been revealed as promising strategies to reduce cell apoptosis in vivo while maintaining biological functions of the cells. Moreover, this review seeks to identify methods of optimizing cell dose preparation to enhance stem cell survival and therapeutic function after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory , CNRS UMR7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
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30
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Boehm-Sturm P, Aswendt M, Minassian A, Michalk S, Mengler L, Adamczak J, Mezzanotte L, Löwik C, Hoehn M. A multi-modality platform to image stem cell graft survival in the naïve and stroke-damaged mouse brain. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2218-26. [PMID: 24355489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell implantations have been extensively investigated for treatment of brain diseases such as stroke. In order to follow the localization and functional status of cells after implantation noninvasive imaging is essential. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive multi-modality platform for in vivo imaging of graft localization, density, and survival using 19F magnetic resonance imaging in combination with bioluminescence imaging. We quantitatively analyzed cell graft survival over the first 4 weeks after transplantation in both healthy and stroke-damaged mouse brain and correlated our findings of graft vitality with the host innate immune response. The multi-modality imaging platform will help to improve cell therapy also in context other than stroke and to gain indispensable information for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- In-Vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research in Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Aswendt
- In-Vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research in Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anuka Minassian
- In-Vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research in Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Michalk
- In-Vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research in Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luam Mengler
- In-Vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research in Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joanna Adamczak
- In-Vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research in Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- In-Vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research in Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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Yang X, Bi Y, Chen E, Feng D. Overexpression of Wnt3a facilitates the proliferation and neural differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro and after transplantation into an injured rat retina. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:148-61. [PMID: 24254835 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Tao Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryNo. 3 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai China
| | - Yong‐Yan Bi
- Department of NeurosurgeryNo. 3 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai China
| | - Er‐Tao Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryNo. 3 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai China
| | - Dong‐Fu Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryNo. 3 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai China
- Institute of Traumatic MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai China
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32
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Zustiak SP, Pubill S, Ribeiro A, Leach JB. Hydrolytically degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel scaffolds as a cell delivery vehicle: characterization of PC12 cell response. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1255-64. [PMID: 24474590 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has a low intrinsic potential for regeneration following injury and disease, yet neural stem/progenitor cell (NPC) transplants show promise to provide a dynamic therapeutic in this complex tissue environment. Moreover, biomaterial scaffolds may improve the success of NPC-based therapeutics by promoting cell viability and guiding cell response. We hypothesized that a hydrogel scaffold could provide a temporary neurogenic environment that supports cell survival during encapsulation, and degrades completely in a temporally controlled manner to allow progression of dynamic cellular processes such as neurite extension. We utilized PC12 cells as a model cell line with an inducible neuronal phenotype to define key properties of hydrolytically degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel scaffolds that impact cell viability and differentiation following release from the degraded hydrogel. Adhesive peptide ligands (RGDS, IKVAV, or YIGSR), were required to maintain cell viability during encapsulation; as compared to YIGSR, the RGDS, and IKVAV ligands were associated with a higher percentage of PC12 cells that differentiated to the neuronal phenotype following release from the hydrogel. Moreover, among the hydrogel properties examined (e.g., ligand type, concentration), total polymer density within the hydrogel had the most prominent effect on cell viability, with densities above 15% w/v leading to decreased cell viability likely due to a higher shear modulus. Thus, by identifying key properties of degradable hydrogels that affect cell viability and differentiation following release from the hydrogel, we lay the foundation for application of this system towards future applications of the scaffold as a neural cell delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviya P Zustiak
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, UMBC, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250
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33
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Molcanyi M, Bosche B, Kraitsy K, Patz S, Zivcak J, Riess P, El Majdoub F, Hescheler J, Goldbrunner R, Schäfer U. Pitfalls and fallacies interfering with correct identification of embryonic stem cells implanted into the brain after experimental traumatic injury. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 215:60-70. [PMID: 23454685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-therapy was proposed to be a promising tool in case of death or impairment of specific cell types. Correct identification of implanted cells became crucial when evaluating the success of transplantation therapy. Various methods of cell labeling have been employed in previously published studies. The use of intrinsic signaling of green fluorescent protein (GFP) has led to a well known controversy in the field of cardiovascular research. We encountered similar methodological pitfalls after transplantation of GFP-transfected embryonic stem cells into rat brains following traumatic brain injury (TBI). As the identification of implanted graft by intrinsic autofluorescence failed, anti-GFP labeling coupled to fluorescent and conventional antibodies was needed to visualize the implanted cells. Furthermore, different cell types with strong intrinsic autofluorescence were found at the sites of injury and transplantation, thus mimicking the implanted stem cells. GFP-positive stem cells were correctly localized, using advanced histological techniques. The activation of microglia/macrophages, accompanying the transplantation post TBI, was shown to be a significant source of artefacts, interfering with correct identification of implanted stem cells. Dependent on the strategy of stem cell tracking, the phagocytosis of implanted cells as observed in this study, might also impede the interpretation of results. Critical appraisal of previously published data as well as a review of different histological techniques provide tools for a more accurate identification of transplanted stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Molcanyi
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
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34
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Kozlova EN, Berens C. Guiding Differentiation of Stem Cells in Vivo by Tetracycline-Controlled Expression of Key Transcription Factors. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2537-54. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x637407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem or progenitor cells is an attractive strategy for cell replacement therapy. However, poor long-term survival and insufficiently reproducible differentiation to functionally appropriate cells in vivo still present major obstacles for translation of this methodology to clinical applications. Numerous experimental studies have revealed that the expression of just a few transcription factors can be sufficient to drive stem cell differentiation toward a specific cell type, to transdifferentiate cells from one fate to another, or to dedifferentiate mature cells to pluripotent stem/progenitor cells (iPSCs). We thus propose here to apply the strategy of expressing the relevant key transcription factors to guide the differentiation of transplanted cells to the desired cell fate in vivo. To achieve this requires tools allowing us to control the expression of these genes in the transplant. Here, we describe drug-inducible systems that allow us to sequentially and timely activate gene expression from the outside, with a particular emphasis on the Tet system, which has been widely and successfully used in stem cells. These regulatory systems offer a tool for strictly limiting gene expression to the respective optimal stage after transplantation. This approach will direct the differentiation of the immature stem/progenitor cells in vivo to the desired cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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35
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Lampe KJ, Heilshorn SC. Building stem cell niches from the molecule up through engineered peptide materials. Neurosci Lett 2012; 519:138-46. [PMID: 22322073 PMCID: PMC3691058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The native stem cell niche is a dynamic and complex microenvironment. Recapitulating this niche is a critical focus within the fields of stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine and requires the development of well-defined, tunable materials. Recent biomaterial design strategies seek to create engineered matrices that interact with cells at the molecular scale and allow on-demand, cell-triggered matrix modifications. Peptide and protein engineering can accomplish these goals through the molecular-level design of bioinductive and bioresponsive materials. This brief review focuses on engineered peptide and protein materials suitable for use as in vitro neural stem cell niche mimics and in vivo central nervous system repair. A key hallmark of these materials is the immense design freedom to specify the exact amino acid sequence leading to multi-functional bulk materials with tunable properties. These advanced materials are engineered using rational design strategies to recapitulate key aspects of the native neural stem cell niche. The resulting materials often combine the advantages of biological matrices with the engineering control of synthetic polymers. Future design strategies are expected to endow these materials with multiple layers of bi-directional feedback between the cell and the matrix, which will lead to more advanced mimics of the highly dynamic neural stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Lampe
- Materials Science and Engineering, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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36
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Elias PZ, Spector M. Implantation of a collagen scaffold seeded with adult rat hippocampal progenitors in a rat model of penetrating brain injury. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 209:199-211. [PMID: 22698665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Penetrating brain injury (PBI) is a complex central nervous system injury in which mechanical damage to brain parenchyma results in hemorrhage, ischemia, broad areas of necrosis, and eventually cavitation. The permanent loss of brain tissue affords the possibility of treatment using a biomaterial scaffold to fill the lesion site and potentially deliver pharmacological or cellular therapeutic agents. The administration of cellular therapy may be of benefit in both mitigating the secondary injury process and promoting regeneration through replacement of certain cell populations. This study investigated the survival and differentiation of adult rat hippocampal neural progenitor cells delivered by a collagen scaffold in a rat model of PBI. The cell-scaffold construct was implanted 1 week after injury and was observed to remain intact with open pores upon analysis 4 weeks later. Implanted neural progenitors were found to have survived within the scaffold, and also to have migrated into the surrounding brain. Differentiated phenotypes included astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and possibly macrophages. The demonstrated multipotency of this cell population in vivo in the context of traumatic brain injury has implications for regenerative therapies, but additional stimulation appears necessary to promote neuronal differentiation outside normally neurogenic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Z Elias
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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37
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Rachubinski AL, Crowley SK, Sladek JR, Maclean KN, Bjugstad KB. Effects of neonatal neural progenitor cell implantation on adult neuroanatomy and cognition in the Ts65Dn model of Down syndrome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36082. [PMID: 22558337 PMCID: PMC3338504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As much of the aberrant neural development in Down syndrome (DS) occurs postnatally, an early opportunity exists to intervene and influence life-long cognitive development. Recent success using neural progenitor cells (NPC) in models of adult neurodegeneration indicate such therapy may be a viable option in diseases such as DS. Murine NPC (mNPC, C17.2 cell line) or saline were implanted bilaterally into the dorsal hippocampus of postnatal day 2 (PND 2) Ts65Dn pups to explore the feasibility of early postnatal treatment in this mouse model of DS. Disomic littermates provided karyotype controls for trisomic pups. Pups were monitored for developmental milestone achievement, and then underwent adult behavior testing at 14 weeks of age. We found that implanted mNPC survived into adulthood and migrated beyond the implant site in both karyotypes. The implantation of mNPC resulted in a significant increase in the density of dentate granule cells. However, mNPC implantation did not elicit cognitive changes in trisomic mice either neonatally or in adulthood. To the best of our knowledge, these results constitute the first assessment of mNPC as an early intervention on cognitive ability in a DS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Rachubinski
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Shannon K. Crowley
- Departments of Exercise Science, and Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - John R. Sladek
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kenneth N. Maclean
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kimberly B. Bjugstad
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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38
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Payne NL, Sun G, Herszfeld D, Tat-Goh PA, Verma PJ, Parkington HC, Coleman HA, Tonta MA, Siatskas C, Bernard CCA. Comparative study on the therapeutic potential of neurally differentiated stem cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35093. [PMID: 22514711 PMCID: PMC3325988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising novel approach to the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). NSCs can be derived from primary central nervous system (CNS) tissue or obtained by neural differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells, the latter having the advantage of readily providing an unlimited number of cells for therapeutic purposes. Using a mouse model of MS, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of NSCs derived from ES cells by two different neural differentiation protocols that utilized adherent culture conditions and compared their effect to primary NSCs derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The proliferation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by antigen-stimulated splenocytes was reduced in the presence of SVZ-NSCs, while ES cell-derived NSCs exerted differential immunosuppressive effects. Surprisingly, intravenously injected NSCs displayed no significant therapeutic impact on clinical and pathological disease outcomes in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, independent of the cell source. Studies tracking the biodistribution of transplanted ES cell-derived NSCs revealed that these cells were unable to traffic to the CNS or peripheral lymphoid tissues, consistent with the lack of cell surface homing molecules. Attenuation of peripheral immune responses could only be achieved through multiple high doses of NSCs administered intraperitoneally, which led to some neuroprotective effects within the CNS. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Systemic transplantation of these NSCs does not have a major influence on the clinical course of rMOG-induced EAE. Improving the efficiency at which NSCs home to inflammatory sites may enhance their therapeutic potential in this model of CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Payne
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniella Herszfeld
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pollyanna A. Tat-Goh
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J. Verma
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Harold A. Coleman
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary A. Tonta
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Siatskas
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claude C. A. Bernard
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Pakulska MM, Ballios BG, Shoichet MS. Injectable hydrogels for central nervous system therapy. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:024101. [PMID: 22456684 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/2/024101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases and injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) including those in the brain, spinal cord and retina are devastating because the CNS has limited intrinsic regenerative capacity and currently available therapies are unable to provide significant functional recovery. Several promising therapies have been identified with the goal of restoring at least some of this lost function and include neuroprotective agents to stop or slow cellular degeneration, neurotrophic factors to stimulate cellular growth, neutralizing molecules to overcome the inhibitory environment at the site of injury, and stem cell transplant strategies to replace lost tissue. The delivery of these therapies to the CNS is a challenge because the blood-brain barrier limits the diffusion of molecules into the brain by traditional oral or intravenous routes. Injectable hydrogels have the capacity to overcome the challenges associated with drug delivery to the CNS, by providing a minimally invasive, localized, void-filling platform for therapeutic use. Small molecule or protein drugs can be distributed throughout the hydrogel which then acts as a depot for their sustained release at the injury site. For cell delivery, the hydrogel can reduce cell aggregation and provide an adhesive matrix for improved cell survival and integration. Additionally, by choosing a biodegradable or bioresorbable hydrogel material, the system will eventually be eliminated from the body. This review discusses both natural and synthetic injectable hydrogel materials that have been used for drug or cell delivery to the CNS including hyaluronan, methylcellulose, chitosan, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Matrigel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgosia M Pakulska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
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Ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood: where are we? Int J Hematol 2012; 95:371-9. [PMID: 22438185 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the first successful clinical use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) in 1988, UCB grafts have been used for over 20,000 patients with both malignant and non-malignant diseases. UCB has several practical advantages over other transplantable graft sources. For example, the ease of procurement, the absence of donor risks, the reduced risk of transmissible infections, and the availability for immediate use make UCB an appealing graft choice. However, UCB grafts suffer from a few limitations related to the limited cell dose available for transplantation in each UCB unit and to defects in UCB stem cell homing. These limitations lead to increased post-transplant complications. In this review, we focus on the issue of limited cell dose in UCB units and discuss the possible approaches to overcome this limitation. We also summarize the various cellular pathways that have been explored to expand UCB units.
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Santos DM, Xavier JM, Morgado AL, Solá S, Rodrigues CMP. Distinct regulatory functions of calpain 1 and 2 during neural stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33468. [PMID: 22432027 PMCID: PMC3303840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are calcium regulated cysteine proteases that have been described in a wide range of cellular processes, including apoptosis, migration and cell cycle regulation. In addition, calpains have been implicated in differentiation, but their impact on neural differentiation requires further investigation. Here, we addressed the role of calpain 1 and calpain 2 in neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewal and differentiation. We found that calpain inhibition using either the chemical inhibitor calpeptin or the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin favored differentiation of NSCs. This effect was associated with significant changes in cell cycle-related proteins and may be regulated by calcium. Interestingly, calpain 1 and calpain 2 were found to play distinct roles in NSC fate decision. Calpain 1 expression levels were higher in self-renewing NSC and decreased with differentiation, while calpain 2 increased throughout differentiation. In addition, calpain 1 silencing resulted in increased levels of both neuronal and glial markers, β-III Tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Calpain 2 silencing elicited decreased levels of GFAP. These results support a role for calpain 1 in repressing differentiation, thus maintaining a proliferative NSC pool, and suggest that calpain 2 is involved in glial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M. Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana M. Xavier
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Morgado
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Lim TC, Toh WS, Wang LS, Kurisawa M, Spector M. The effect of injectable gelatin-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid hydrogel matrices on the proliferation, migration, differentiation and oxidative stress resistance of adult neural stem cells. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3446-55. [PMID: 22306021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Transplanted or endogenous neural stem cells often lack appropriate matrix in cavitary lesions in the central nervous system. In this study, gelatin-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (Gtn-HPA), which could be enzymatically crosslinked with independent tuning of crosslinking degree and gelation rate, was explored as an injectable hydrogel for adult neural stem cells (aNSCs). The storage modulus of Gtn-HPA could be tuned (449-1717 Pa) to approximate adult brain tissue. Gtn-HPA was cytocompatible with aNSCs (yielding high viability >93%) and promoted aNSC adhesion. Gtn-HPA demonstrated a crosslinking-based approach for preconditioning aNSCs and increased the resistance of aNSCs to oxidative stress, improving their viability from 8-15% to 84% when challenged with 500 μM H(2)O(2). In addition, Gtn-HPA was able to modulate proliferation and migration of aNSCs in relation to the crosslinking degree. Finally, Gtn-HPA exhibited bias for neuronal cells. In mixed differentiation conditions, Gtn-HPA increased the proportion of aNSCs expressing neuronal marker β-tubulin III to a greater extent than that for astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, indicating an enhancement in differentiation towards neuronal lineage. Between neuronal and astrocytic differentiation conditions, Gtn-HPA also selected for higher survival in the former. Overall, Gtn-HPA hydrogels are promising injectable matrices for supporting and influencing aNSCs in ways that may be beneficial for brain tissue regeneration after injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Chuan Lim
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Tam RY, Cooke MJ, Shoichet MS. A covalently modified hydrogel blend of hyaluronan–methyl cellulose with peptides and growth factors influences neural stem/progenitor cell fate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33680d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hill CE, Guller Y, Raffa SJ, Hurtado A, Bunge MB. A calpain inhibitor enhances the survival of Schwann cells in vitro and after transplantation into the injured spinal cord. J Neurotrauma 2011; 27:1685-95. [PMID: 20568964 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the diversity of cells available for transplantation into sites of spinal cord injury (SCI), and the known ability of transplanted cells to integrate into host tissue, functional improvement associated with cellular transplantation has been limited. One factor potentially limiting the efficacy of transplanted cells is poor cell survival. Recently we demonstrated rapid and early death of Schwann cells (SCs) within the first 24 h after transplantation, by both necrosis and apoptosis, which results in fewer than 20% of the cells surviving beyond 1 week. To enhance SC transplant survival, in vitro and in vivo models to rapidly screen compounds for their ability to promote SC survival are needed. The current study utilized in vitro models of apoptosis and necrosis, and based on withdrawal of serum and mitogens and the application of hydrogen peroxide, we screened several inhibitors of apoptosis and necrosis. Of the compounds tested, the calpain inhibitor MDL28170 enhanced SC survival both in vitro in response to oxidative stress induced by application of H2O2, and in vivo following delayed transplantation into the moderately contused spinal cord. The results support the use of calpain inhibitors as a promising new treatment for promoting the survival of transplanted cells. They also suggest that in vitro assays for cell survival may be useful for establishing new compounds that can then be tested in vivo for their ability to promote transplanted SC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Hill
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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Chen Z, Lu XCM, Shear DA, Dave JR, Davis AR, Evangelista CA, Duffy D, Tortella FC. Synergism of human amnion-derived multipotent progenitor (AMP) cells and a collagen scaffold in promoting brain wound recovery: Pre-clinical studies in an experimental model of penetrating ballistic-like brain injury. Brain Res 2011; 1368:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stabenfeldt SE, Munglani G, García AJ, LaPlaca MC. Biomimetic microenvironment modulates neural stem cell survival, migration, and differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:3747-58. [PMID: 20666608 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial matrices presenting extracellular matrix (ECM) components in a controlled three-dimensional configuration provide a unique system to study neural stem cell (NSC)-ECM interactions. We cultured primary murine neurospheres in a methylcellulose (MC) scaffold functionalized with laminin-1 (MC-x-LN1) and monitored NSC survival, apoptosis, migration, differentiation, and matrix production. Overall, MC-x-LN1 enhanced both NSC survival and maturation compared with MC controls. Significantly lower levels of apoptotic activity were observed in MC-x-LN1 than in MC controls, as measured by bcl-2/bax gene expression and tetramethylrhodamine-dUTP nick end labeling. A higher percentage of NSCs extended neurites in a β₁-integrin-mediated fashion in MC-x-LN1 than in MC controls. Further, the differentiation profiles of NSCs in MC-x-LN1 exhibited higher levels of neuronal and oligodendrocyte precursor markers than in MC controls. LN1 production and co-localization with α₆β₁ integrins was markedly increased within MC-x-LN1, whereas the production of fibronectin was more pronounced in MC controls. These findings demonstrate that NSC microenvironments modulate cellular activity throughout the neurosphere, contributing to our understanding of ECM-mediated NSC behavior and provide new avenues for developing rationally designed couriers for neurotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Stabenfeldt
- Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Kim HM, Lee HJ, Lee MY, Kim SU, Kim BG. Organotypic spinal cord slice culture to study neural stem/progenitor cell microenvironment in the injured spinal cord. Exp Neurobiol 2010; 19:106-13. [PMID: 22110349 PMCID: PMC3214779 DOI: 10.5607/en.2010.19.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular microenvironment of the injured spinal cord does not support survival and differentiation of either grafted or endogenous NSCs, restricting the effectiveness of the NSC-based cell replacement strategy. Studying the biology of NSCs in in vivo usually requires a considerable amount of time and cost, and the complexity of the in vivo system makes it difficult to identify individual environmental factors. The present study sought to establish the organotypic spinal cord slice culture that closely mimics the in vivo environment. The cultured spinal cord slices preserved the cytoarchitecture consisting of neurons in the gray matter and interspersed glial cells. The majority of focally applied exogenous NSCs survived up to 4 weeks. Pre-exposure of the cultured slices to a hypoxic chamber markedly reduced the survival of seeded NSCs on the slices. Differentiation into mature neurons was severely limited in this co-culture system. Endogenous neural progenitor cells were marked by BrdU incorporation, and applying an inflammatory cytokine IL-1β significantly increased the extent of endogenous neural progenitors with the oligodendrocytic lineage. The present study shows that the organotypic spinal cord slice culture can be properly utilized to study molecular factors from the post-injury microenvironment affecting NSCs in the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Min Kim
- Brain Disease Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, and Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 442-721, Korea
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M SV, Kale VP, Limaye LS. Expansion of cord blood CD34 cells in presence of zVADfmk and zLLYfmk improved their in vitro functionality and in vivo engraftment in NOD/SCID mouse. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12221. [PMID: 20808921 PMCID: PMC2923186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cord blood (CB) is a promising source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantations. The limitation of cell dose associated with this source has prompted the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, the expansion procedure is known to exhaust the stem cell pool causing cellular defects that promote apoptosis and disrupt homing to the bone marrow. The role of apoptotic machinery in the regulation of stem cell compartment has been speculated in mouse hematopoietic and embryonic systems. We have consistently observed an increase in apoptosis in the cord blood derived CD34+ cells cultured with cytokines compared to their freshly isolated counterpart. The present study was undertaken to assess whether pharmacological inhibition of apoptosis could improve the outcome of expansion. Methodology/Principal Findings CB CD34+ cells were expanded with cytokines in the presence or absence of cell permeable inhibitors of caspases and calpains; zVADfmk and zLLYfmk respectively. A novel role of apoptotic protease inhibitors was observed in increasing the CD34+ cell content of the graft during ex vivo expansion. This was further reflected in improved in vitro functional aspects of the HSPCs; a higher clonogenicity and long term culture initiating potential. These cells sustained superior long term engraftment and an efficient regeneration of major lympho-myeloid lineages in the bone marrow of NOD/SCID mouse compared to the cells expanded with growth factors alone. Conclusion/Significance Our data show that, use of either zVADfmk or zLLYfmk in the culture medium improves expansion of CD34+ cells. The strategy protects stem cell pool and committed progenitors, and improves their in vitro functionality and in vivo engraftment. This observation may complement the existing protocols used in the manipulation of hematopoietic cells for therapeutic purposes. These findings may have an impact in the CB transplant procedures involving a combined infusion of unmanipulated and expanded grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha V. M
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaijayanti P. Kale
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lalita S. Limaye
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
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Pettersson J, Lobov S, Novikova LN. Labeling of olfactory ensheathing glial cells with fluorescent tracers for neurotransplantation. Brain Res Bull 2010; 81:125-32. [PMID: 19828127 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of cell-based treatment strategies for repair of the injured nervous system requires cell tracing techniques to follow the fate of transplanted cells and their interaction with the host tissue. The present study investigates the efficacy of fluorescent cell tracers Fast Blue, PKH26, DiO and CMFDA for long-term labeling of olfactory ensheathing glial cells (OEC) in culture and following transplantation into the rat spinal cord. All tested dyes produced very efficient initial labeling of p75-positive OEC in culture. The number of Fast Blue-positive cells remained largely unchanged during the first 4 weeks but only about 21% of the cells retained tracer 6 weeks after labeling. In contrast, the number of cells labeled with PKH26 and DiO was reduced to 51-55% after 2 weeks in culture and reached 8-12% after 4-6 weeks. CMFDA had completely disappeared from the cells 2 weeks after labeling. AlamarBlue assay showed that among four tested tracers only CMFDA reduced proliferation rate of the OEC. After transplantation into spinal cord, Fast Blue-labeled OEC survived for at least 8 weeks but demonstrated very limited migration from the injection sites. Additional immunostaining with glial and neuronal markers revealed signs of dye leakage from the transplanted cells resulted in weak labeling of microglia and spinal neurons. The results show that Fast Blue is an efficient cell marker for cultured OEC. However, transfer of the dye from the transplanted cells to the host tissue should be considered and correctly interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Pettersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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50
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Lee SI, Kim BG, Hwang DH, Kim HM, Kim SU. Overexpression of Bcl-XLin human neural stem cells promotes graft survival and functional recovery following transplantation in spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:3186-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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