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Wang Y, Yen S, Ian Shih YY, Lai CW, Chen YL, Chen LT, Chen H, Liao LD. Topiramate suppresses peri-infarct spreading depolarization and improves outcomes in a rat model of photothrombotic stroke. iScience 2024; 27:110033. [PMID: 38947531 PMCID: PMC11214377 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke can cause depolarized brain waves, termed peri-infarct depolarization (PID). Here, we evaluated whether topiramate, a neuroprotective drug used to treat epilepsy and alleviate migraine, has the potential to reduce PID. We employed a rat model of photothrombotic ischemia that can reliably and reproducibly induce PID and developed a combined electrocorticography-laser speckle contrast imaging (ECoG-LSCI) platform to monitor neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) simultaneously. Topiramate administration after photothrombotic ischemia did not rescue CBF but significantly restored somatosensory evoked potentials in the forelimb area of the primary somatosensory cortex. Moreover, infarct volume was investigated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and neuronal survival was evaluated by Nissl staining. Mechanistically, the levels of inflammatory markers, such as ED1 (CD68), Iba-1, and GFAP, decreased significantly after topiramate administration, as did BDNF expression, while the expression of NeuN and Bcl-2/Bax increased, which is indicative of reduced inflammation and improved neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhling Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, NO.2, Lien Da, Nan Shih Li, Miao-Li 36063, Taiwan
| | - Shaoyu Yen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chien-Wen Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
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Liu T, Zhang M, Zhang J, Kang N, Zheng L, Ding Z. Targeted Delivery of Macrophage Membrane Biomimetic Liposomes Through Intranasal Administration for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6177-6199. [PMID: 38911498 PMCID: PMC11194020 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s458656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) can be used for ischemic stroke treatment, however, the lack of targeting to the ischemic region limits the therapeutic effect. To address this, we leveraged the affinity of macrophage membrane proteins for inflamed brain microvascular endothelial cells to develop a macrophage membrane-cloaked liposome loaded with Rg3 and PNS (MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS), which can precisely target brain lesion region through intranasal administration. Methods MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS was prepared by co-extrusion method and was performed by characterization, stability, surface protein, and morphology. The cellular uptake, immune escape ability, and blood-brain barrier crossing ability of MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS were studied in vitro. The in vivo brain targeting, biodistribution and anti-ischemic efficacy of MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS were evaluated in MACO rats, and we determined the diversity of the nasal brain pathway through the olfactory nerve blockade model in rats. Finally, the pharmacokinetics and brain targeting index of MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS were investigated. Results Our results indicated that MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS was spherical with a shell-core structure. MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS can avoid mononuclear phagocytosis, actively bind to inflammatory endothelial cells, and have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS could specifically target ischemic sites, even microglia, increase the cumulative number of drugs in the brain, improve the inflammatory environment of the brain, and reduce the infarct size. By comparing olfactory nerve-blocking rats with normal rats, it was found that there are direct and indirect pathways for nasal entry into the brain. Pharmacokinetics demonstrated that MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS exhibited stronger brain targeting and prolonged drug half-life. Conclusion MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS might contribute to the accumulation of Rg3 and PNS in the ischemic brain area to improve treatment efficacy. This biomimetic nano-drug delivery system provides a new and promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Naijin Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
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Yu Q, Shu S, Ju XY, Peng W, Ren XQ, Si SH, Song SZ, Xie XY, Fang BJ, Zhou S. Electroacupuncture Promotes Angiogenesis in Mice with Cerebral Ischemia by Inhibiting miR-7. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:543-550. [PMID: 38532151 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the angiogenesis effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Shuigou acupoint (GV 26) in the treatment of cerebral ischemia, and explore the value of miRNA-7 (miR-7) in it. METHODS First, 48 mice were randomly divided into sham operation, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, and EA treatment groups. Then 9 mice were divided into carrier control group, miR-7 knockout group and miR-7 overexpression group (n=3 each group). Finally, 20 mice were divided into model and carrier control group, model and miR-7 knockout group, EA treatment and carrier control group and EA treatment and miR-7 overexpression group, with 3-6 mice in each group. The MCAO model was established in the MCAO and EA groups. Neurological deficit score and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were used to evaluate the severity of cerebral ischemia. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to describe basic pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify cerebral microvessel density. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of miR-7 and its downstream target genes Krüppel-like factor 4/vascular endothelial growth factor (KLF4/VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) in the ischemic cerebral cortex. RESULTS After EA, neurological deficit scores and infarction volumes decreased, and the density of cerebral microvessels increased. In the MCAO group, miR-7 expression was higher than that in the sham group (P<0.01). After EA at GV 26, miR-7 expression decreased (P<0.01) and the expression of downstream target genes KLF4/VEGF and ANG-2 increased as compared with the MCAO group (P<0.01). After EA combined with overexpression of miR-7, the expression of downstream target genes KLF4/VEGF and ANG-2 decreased compared to the control EA group (P<0.01). After miR-7 knockdown, the expression of KLF4/VEGF and ANG-2 increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS EA could promote angiogenesis in MCAO mice likely by inhibiting the expression of miR-7 and relieving inhibition of downstream target genes KLF4/VEGF and ANG-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shi Shu
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin-Yao Ju
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xue-Qi Ren
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shu-Han Si
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shi-Zhen Song
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xue-Yun Xie
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bang-Jiang Fang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Protzmann J, Jung F, Jakobsson L, Fredriksson L. Analysis of ischemic stroke-mediated effects on blood-brain barrier properties along the arteriovenous axis assessed by intravital two-photon imaging. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:35. [PMID: 38622710 PMCID: PMC11017501 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Early breach of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and consequently extravasation of blood-borne substances into the brain parenchyma is a common hallmark of ischemic stroke. Although BBB breakdown is associated with an increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage and poor clinical prognosis, the cause and mechanism of this process are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to establish an imaging and analysis protocol which enables investigation of the dynamics of BBB breach in relation to hemodynamic properties along the arteriovenous axis. Using longitudinal intravital two-photon imaging following photothrombotic induction of ischemic stroke through a cranial window, we were able to study the response of the cerebral vasculature to ischemia, from the early critical hours to the days/weeks after the infarct. We demonstrate that disruption of the BBB and hemodynamic parameters, including perturbed blood flow, can be studied at single-vessel resolution in the three-dimensional space as early as 30 min after vessel occlusion. Further, we show that this protocol permits longitudinal studies on the response of individual blood vessels to ischemia over time, thus enabling detection of (maladaptive) vascular remodeling such as intussusception, angiogenic sprouting and entanglement of vessel networks. Taken together, this in vivo two-photon imaging and analysis protocol will be useful in future studies investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms, and the spatial contribution, of BBB breach to disease progression which might ultimately aid the development of new and more precise treatment strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jil Protzmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm, Sweden, 17165
| | - Felix Jung
- Department of Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm, Sweden, 17165
| | - Lars Jakobsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm, Sweden, 17165
| | - Linda Fredriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm, Sweden, 17165.
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5
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Park DJ, Kang JB, Koh PO. Epigallocatechin gallate improves neuronal damage in animal model of ischemic stroke and glutamate-exposed neurons via modulation of hippocalcin expression. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299042. [PMID: 38427657 PMCID: PMC10906901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic component of green tea that has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in neurons. Ischemic stroke is a major neurological disease that causes irreversible brain disorders. It increases the intracellular calcium concentration and induces apoptosis. The regulation of intracellular calcium concentration is important to maintain the function of the nervous system. Hippocalcin is a neuronal calcium sensor protein that controls intracellular calcium concentration. We investigated whether EGCG treatment regulates the expression of hippocalcin in stroke animal model and glutamate-induced neuronal damage. We performed middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to induce cerebral ischemia. EGCG (50 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline was injected into the abdominal cavity just before MCAO surgery. The neurobehavioral tests were performed 24 h after MCAO surgery and cerebral cortex tissue was collected. MCAO damage induced severe neurobehavioral disorders, increased infarct volume, and decreased the expression of hippocalcin in the cerebral cortex. However, EGCG treatment improved these deficits and alleviated the decrease in hippocalcin expression in cerebral cortex. In addition, EGCG dose-dependently alleviated neuronal cell death and intracellular calcium overload in glutamate-exposed neurons. Glutamate exposure reduced hippocalcin expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increased Bax expression. However, EGCG treatment mitigated these changes caused by glutamate toxicity. EGCG also attenuated the increase in caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 expressions caused by glutamate exposure. The effect of EGCG was more pronounced in non-transfected cells than in hippocalcin siRNA-transfected cells. These findings demonstrate that EGCG protects neurons against glutamate toxicity through the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-3. It is known that hippocalcin exerts anti-apoptotic effect through the modulation of apoptotic pathway. Thus, we can suggest evidence that EGCG has a neuroprotective effect by regulating hippocalcin expression in ischemic brain damage and glutamate-exposed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ju Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Sun D, Ma J, Du L, Liu Q, Yue H, Peng C, Chen H, Wang G, Liu X, Shen Y. Fluid shear stress induced-endothelial phenotypic transition contributes to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and repair. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016110. [PMID: 38414635 PMCID: PMC10898918 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term ischemia leads to insufficient cerebral microvascular perfusion and dysfunction. Reperfusion restores physiological fluid shear stress (FSS) but leads to serious injury. The mechanism underlying FSS-induced endothelial injury in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains poorly understood. In this study, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was constructed to explore cerebrovascular endothelial function and inflammation in vivo. Additionally, the rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) were exposed to a laminar FSS of 0.5 dyn/cm2 for 6 h and subsequently restored to physiological fluid shear stress level (2 dyn/cm2) for 2 and 12 h, respectively. We found that reperfusion induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial cells, leading to serious blood-brain barrier dysfunction and endothelial inflammation, accompanied by the nuclear accumulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP). During the later stage of reperfusion, cerebral endothelium was restored to the endothelial phenotype with a distinct change in mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndT), while YAP was translocated and phosphorylated in the cytoplasm. Knockdown of YAP or inhibition of actin polymerization markedly impaired the EndMT in rBMECs. These findings suggest that ischemia-reperfusion increased intensity of FSS triggered an EndMT process and, thus, led to endothelial inflammation and tissue injury, whereas continuous FSS induced a time-dependent reversal MEndT event contributing to the endothelial repair. This study provides valuable insight for therapeutic strategies targeting IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyu Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengxiu Peng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanxiao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Vamshi G, D S N B K P, Sampath A, Dammalli M, Kumar P, B S G, Pasala PK, Somasekhar G, Challa MC, Alluril R, Narala VR. Possible cerebroprotective effect of citronellal: molecular docking, MD simulation and in vivo investigations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1208-1219. [PMID: 37286367 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on molecular docking, dynamic simulation, and in vivo approaches to examine the molecular interactions between citronellal (CT) and neurotoxic proteins. In silico studies of CT were performed using proteins involved in the pathophysiology of stroke, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12), TNF-α, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), to determine the binding affinity based on their interactions. The docking results of CT revealed that, among the targets, NOS had a better binding energy of -6.4 Kcal/mol. NOS showed good hydrophobic interactions: TYR A, 347; VAL A, 352; PRO A, 350; TYR A, 373 amino acids. Interactions with IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12 resulted in lower binding affinities of -3.7, -3.9 and -3.1 Kcal/mol. Based on molecular dynamics simulations of 100 ns, the binding affinity of CT (-66.782 ± 7.309 kJ/mol) was well complemented, and NOS stability at the docked site was confirmed. In in vivo studies, cerebral stroke was induced by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min and reperfusion for 4 h. CT treatment protected the brain by decreasing cerebral infarction size, increasing GSH(p < 0.001***), decreasing MPO (p < 0.001***), MDA (p < 0.001***), NO production (p < 0.01**), and AChE (p < 0.001***) compared to stroke rats. Histopathological examination revealed that CT treatment reduced the severity of cerebral damage. The investigation concluded that CT strongly binds to NOS, as observed in molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies, which are involved in nitric oxide production, leading to cerebral damage, and CT treatment reduces NO production and oxidative stress parameters, and increases antioxidants via inhibition of NOS function.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vamshi
- SKU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SKU, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prasanth D S N B K
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A Sampath
- Department of QA, EQRX International Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manjunath Dammalli
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technosslogy, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Mangaluru, India
| | - Gowrishankar B S
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technosslogy, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | | | - G Somasekhar
- SKU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SKU, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ramesh Alluril
- Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Medak, Telangana, India
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8
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Liu R, Cao S, Cai Y, Zhou M, Gou X, Huang Y. Brain and serum metabolomic studies reveal therapeutic effects of san hua decoction in rats with ischemic stroke. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1289558. [PMID: 38098862 PMCID: PMC10720749 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1289558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
San Hua Decoction (SHD) is a traditional four-herbal formula that has long been used to treat stroke. Our study used a traditional pharmacodynamic approach combined with systematic and untargeted metabolomics analyses to further investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of SHD on ischemic stroke (IS). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, sham-operated, middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) model and SHD groups. The SHD group was provided with SHD (7.2 g/kg, i.g.) and the other three groups were provided with equal amounts of purified water once a day in the morning for 10 consecutive days. Our results showed that cerebral infarct volumes were reduced in the SHD group compared with the model group. Besides, SHD enhanced the activity of SOD and decreased MDA level in MCAO/R rats. Meanwhile, SHD could ameliorate pathological abnormalities by reducing neuronal damage, improving the structure of damaged neurons and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Metabolomic analysis of brain and serum samples with GC-MS techniques revealed 55 differential metabolites between the sham and model groups. Among them, the levels of 12 metabolites were restored after treatment with SHD. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that SHD improved the levels of 12 metabolites related to amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, 9 of which were significantly associated with disease. SHD attenuated brain inflammation after ischemia-reperfusion. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of SHD in MCAO/R rats are related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisi Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxuan Cao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Cai
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
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Radpour M, Khoshkroodian B, Asgari T, Pourbadie HG, Sayyah M. Interleukin 4 Reduces Brain Hyperexcitability after Traumatic Injury by Downregulating TNF-α, Upregulating IL-10/TGF-β, and Potential Directing Macrophage/Microglia to the M2 Anti-inflammatory Phenotype. Inflammation 2023; 46:1810-1831. [PMID: 37259014 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage/microglia are activated after Traumatic brain injury (TBI), transform to inflammatory phenotype (M1) and trigger neuroinflammation, which provokes epileptogenesis. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a well-known drive of macrophage/microglia to the anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2). We tested effect of IL-4 on speed of epileptogenesis, brain expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and lesion size in TBI-injured male rats. Rats underwent TBI by Controlled Cortical Impact. Then 100 ng IL-4 was injected into cerebral ventricles. One day after TBI, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling started and development of generalized seizures was recorded. The lesion size, cell survival rate, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, and Arginase1 (Arg1) was measured in the brain 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 5 days after TBI. Astrocytes and macrophage/microglia activation/polarization was assessed by GFAP/Arg1 and Iba1/Arg1 immunostaining. TBI-injured rats were kindled by 50% less PTZ injections than control and sham-operated rats. IL-4 did not change kindling rate in sham-operated rats but inhibited acceleration of kindling rate in the TBI-injured rats. IL-4 decreased damage volume and number of destroyed neurons. IL-4 stopped TNF-α whereas upregulated TGF-β, IL-10, and Arg1 expressions. Iba1/Arg1 positive macrophage/microglia was notably increased 48 h after IL-4 administration. IL-4 suppresses TBI-induced acceleration of epileptogenesis in rats by directing TBI neuroinflammation toward an anti-inflammatory tone and inhibition of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Radpour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Khoshkroodian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Asgari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Sayyah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran.
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Werner L, Gliem M, Rychlik N, Pavic G, Reiche L, Kirchhoff F, Silva Oliveira Junior M, Gruchot J, Meuth SG, Küry P, Göttle P. A Novel Ex Vivo Model to Study Therapeutic Treatments for Myelin Repair following Ischemic Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10972. [PMID: 37446147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major reason for persistent disability due to insufficient treatment strategies beyond reperfusion, leading to oligodendrocyte death and axon demyelination, persistent inflammation and astrogliosis in peri-infarct areas. After injury, oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) have been shown to compensate for myelin loss and prevent axonal loss through the replacement of lost oligodendrocytes, an inefficient process leaving axons chronically demyelinated. Phenotypic screening approaches in demyelinating paradigms revealed substances that promote myelin repair. We established an ex vivo adult organotypic coronal slice culture (OCSC) system to study repair after stroke in a resource-efficient way. Post-photothrombotic OCSCs can be manipulated for 8 d by exposure to pharmacologically active substances testing remyelination activity. OCSCs were isolated from a NG2-CreERT2-td-Tomato knock-in transgenic mouse line to analyze oligodendroglial fate/differentiation and kinetics. Parbendazole boosted differentiation of NG2+ cells and stabilized oligodendroglial fate reflected by altered expression of associated markers PDGFR-α, CC1, BCAS1 and Sox10 and GFAP. In vitro scratch assay and chemical ischemia confirmed the observed effects upon parbendazole treatment. Adult OCSCs represent a fast, reproducible, and quantifiable model to study OPC differentiation competence after stroke. Pharmacological stimulation by means of parbendazole promoted OPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Werner
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Rychlik
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Goran Pavic
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Reiche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Joel Gruchot
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Göttle
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Sokolowski JD, Soldozy S, Sharifi KA, Norat P, Kearns KN, Liu L, Williams AM, Yağmurlu K, Mastorakos P, Miller GW, Kalani MYS, Park MS, Kellogg RT, Tvrdik P. Preclinical models of middle cerebral artery occlusion: new imaging approaches to a classic technique. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1170675. [PMID: 37409019 PMCID: PMC10318149 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1170675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a major burden on patients, families, and healthcare professionals, despite major advances in prevention, acute treatment, and rehabilitation. Preclinical basic research can help to better define mechanisms contributing to stroke pathology, and identify therapeutic interventions that can decrease ischemic injury and improve outcomes. Animal models play an essential role in this process, and mouse models are particularly well-suited due to their genetic accessibility and relatively low cost. Here, we review the focal cerebral ischemia models with an emphasis on the middle cerebral artery occlusion technique, a "gold standard" in surgical ischemic stroke models. Also, we highlight several histologic, genetic, and in vivo imaging approaches, including mouse stroke MRI techniques, that have the potential to enhance the rigor of preclinical stroke evaluation. Together, these efforts will pave the way for clinical interventions that can mitigate the negative impact of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Sokolowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sauson Soldozy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Khadijeh A. Sharifi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Pedro Norat
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kathryn N. Kearns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ashley M. Williams
- School of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kaan Yağmurlu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - G. Wilson Miller
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - M. Yashar S. Kalani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, St. John's Neuroscience Institute, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Min S. Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ryan T. Kellogg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Petr Tvrdik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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12
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Norat P, Sokolowski JD, Gorick CM, Soldozy S, Kumar JS, Chae Y, Yagmurlu K, Nilak J, Sharifi KA, Walker M, Levitt MR, Klibanov AL, Yan Z, Price RJ, Tvrdik P, Kalani MYS. Intraarterial Transplantation of Mitochondria After Ischemic Stroke Reduces Cerebral Infarction. STROKE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 3:e000644. [PMID: 37545759 PMCID: PMC10399028 DOI: 10.1161/svin.122.000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background- Transplantation of autologous mitochondria into ischemic tissue may mitigate injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion. Methods- Using murine stroke models of middle cerebral artery occlusion, we sought to evaluate feasibility of delivery of viable mitochondria to ischemic brain parenchyma. We evaluated the effects of concurrent focused ultrasound activation of microbubbles, which serves to open the blood-brain barrier, on efficacy of delivery of mitochondria. Results- Following intra-arterial delivery, mitochondria distribute through the stroked hemisphere and integrate into neural and glial cells in the brain parenchyma. Consistent with functional integration in the ischemic tissue, the transplanted mitochondria elevate concentration of adenosine triphosphate in the stroked hemisphere, reduce infarct volume and increase cell viability. Additional of focused ultrasound leads to improved blood brain barrier opening without hemorrhagic complications. Conclusions- Our results have implications for the development of interventional strategies after ischemic stroke and suggest a novel potential modality of therapy after mechanical thrombectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Norat
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennifer D. Sokolowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Catherine M. Gorick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sauson Soldozy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeyan S. Kumar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Youngrok Chae
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kaan Yagmurlu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joelle Nilak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Khadijeh A. Sharifi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Melanie Walker
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael R. Levitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alexander L. Klibanov
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zhen Yan
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Richard J. Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Petr Tvrdik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - M. Yashar S. Kalani
- St. John’s Neuroscience Institute and the University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Qi J, Li L. The superiority and feasibility of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride-stained brain tissues for molecular biology experiments based on microglial properties. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:111-119. [PMID: 37140996 PMCID: PMC10158948 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining is the most commonly used method in identifying and assessing cerebral infarct volumes in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Given that microglia exhibit different morphologies in different regions after ischemic stroke, we demonstrate the superiority and necessity of using TTC-stained brain tissue to analyze the expression of various proteins or genes in different regions based on microglia character. METHODS We compared brain tissue (left for 10 min on ice) from the improved TTC staining method with penumbra from the traditional sampling method. We identified the feasibility and necessity of the improved staining method using real time (RT)-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS There was no protein and RNA degradation in the TTC-stained brain tissue group. However, the TREM2 specifically expressed on the microglia showed a significant difference between two groups in the penumbra region. CONCLUSIONS TTC-stained brain tissue can be used for molecular biology experiments without any restrictions. In addition, TTC-stained brain tissue shows greater superiority due to its precise positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingrong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangtao Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Selective ischemic-hemisphere targeting Ginkgolide B liposomes with improved solubility and therapeutic efficacy for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100783. [PMID: 36891470 PMCID: PMC9986716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) remains the main cause of disability and death in stroke patients due to lack of effective therapeutic strategies. One of the main issues related to CI/RI treatment is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which affects the intracerebral delivery of drugs. Ginkgolide B (GB), a major bioactive component in commercially available products of Ginkgo biloba, has been shown significance in CI/RI treatment by regulating inflammatory pathways, oxidative damage, and metabolic disturbance, and seems to be a candidate for stroke recovery. However, limited by its poor hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, the development of GB preparations with good solubility, stability, and the ability to cross the BBB remains a challenge. Herein, we propose a combinatorial strategy by conjugating GB with highly lipophilic docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to obtain a covalent complex GB-DHA, which can not only enhance the pharmacological effect of GB, but can also be encapsulated in liposomes stably. The amount of finally constructed Lipo@GB-DHA targeting to ischemic hemisphere was validated 2.2 times that of free solution in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. Compared to the marketed ginkgolide injection, Lipo@GB-DHA significantly reduced infarct volume with better neurobehavioral recovery in MCAO rats after being intravenously administered both at 2 h and 6 h post-reperfusion. Low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high neuron survival in vitro was maintained via Lipo@GB-DHA treatment, while microglia in the ischemic brain were polarized from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the tissue-repairing M2 phenotype, which modulate neuroinflammatory and angiogenesis. In addition, Lipo@GB-DHA inhibited neuronal apoptosis via regulating the apoptotic pathway and maintained homeostasis by activating the autophagy pathway. Thus, transforming GB into a lipophilic complex and loading it into liposomes provides a promising nanomedicine strategy with excellent CI/RI therapeutic efficacy and industrialization prospects.
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15
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Brezgunova AA, Andrianova NV, Popkov VA, Tkachev SY, Manskikh VN, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Timashev PS, Silachev DN, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY. New experimental model of kidney injury: Photothrombosis-induced kidney ischemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166622. [PMID: 36526237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent pathology with a high mortality rate after even a single AKI episode and a great risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. To get insight into mechanisms of the AKI pathogenesis, there is a need to develop diverse experimental models of the disease. Photothrombosis is a widely used method for inducing ischemia in the brain. In this study, for the first time, we described photothrombosis-induced kidney ischemia as an appropriate model of AKI and obtained comprehensive characteristics of the photothrombotic lesion using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological techniques. In the ischemic area, we observed destruction of tubules, the loss of brush border and nuclei, connective tissue fibers disorganization, leukocyte infiltration, and hyaline casts formation. In kidney tissue and urine, we revealed increased levels in markers of proliferation and injury. The explicit long-term consequence of photothrombosis-induced kidney ischemia was renal fibrosis. Thus, we establish a new low invasive experimental model of AKI, which provides a reproducible local ischemic injury lesion. We propose our model of photothrombosis-induced kidney ischemia as a useful approach for investigating AKI pathogenesis, studying the mechanisms of kidney regeneration, and development of therapy against AKI and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Brezgunova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezda V Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Tkachev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N Manskikh
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ljubava D Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis N Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia.
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16
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Wang Y, Chen YL, Huang CM, Chen LT, Liao LD. Visible CCD Camera-Guided Photoacoustic Imaging System for Precise Navigation during Functional Rat Brain Imaging. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:107. [PMID: 36671941 PMCID: PMC9856069 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In photoacoustic (PA) imaging, tissue absorbs specific wavelengths of light. The absorbed energy results in thermal expansion that generates ultrasound waves that are reconstructed into images. Existing commercial PA imaging systems for preclinical brain imaging are limited by imprecise positioning capabilities and inflexible user interfaces. We introduce a new visible charge-coupled device (CCD) camera-guided photoacoustic imaging (ViCPAI) system that integrates an ultrasound (US) transducer and a data acquisition platform with a CCD camera for positioning. The CCD camera accurately positions the US probe at the measurement location. The programmable MATLAB-based platform has an intuitive user interface. In vitro carbon fiber and in vivo animal experiments were performed to investigate the precise positioning and imaging capabilities of the ViCPAI system. We demonstrated real-time capturing of bilateral cerebral hemodynamic changes during (1) forelimb electrical stimulation under normal conditions, (2) forelimb stimulation after right brain focal photothrombotic ischemia (PTI) stroke, and (3) progression of KCl-induced cortical spreading depression (CSD). The ViCPAI system accurately located target areas and achieved reproducible positioning, which is crucial in animal and clinical experiments. In animal experiments, the ViCPAI system was used to investigate bilateral cerebral cortex responses to left forelimb electrical stimulation before and after stroke, showing that the CBV and SO2 in the right primary somatosensory cortex of the forelimb (S1FL) region were significantly changed by left forelimb electrical stimulation before stroke. No CBV or SO2 changes were observed in the bilateral cortex in the S1FL area in response to left forelimb electrical stimulation after stroke. While monitoring CSD progression, the ViCPAI system accurately locates the S1FL area and returns to the same position after the probe moves, demonstrating reproducible positioning and reducing positioning errors. The ViCPAI system utilizes the real-time precise positioning capability of CCD cameras to overcome various challenges in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhling Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.75 Po-Ai St., Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
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17
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He W, Tang H, Li J, Hou C, Shen X, Li C, Liu H, Yu W. Feature-based Quality Assessment of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1057-1068. [PMID: 35639276 PMCID: PMC9468193 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal experiments, ischemic stroke is usually induced through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and quality assessment of this procedure is crucial. However, an accurate assessment method based on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is still lacking. The difficulty lies in the inconsistent preprocessing pipeline, biased intensity normalization, or unclear spatiotemporal uptake of FDG. Here, we propose an image feature-based protocol to assess the quality of the procedure using a 3D scale-invariant feature transform and support vector machine. This feature-based protocol provides a convenient, accurate, and reliable tool to assess the quality of the MCAO procedure in FDG PET studies. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed protocol is fully quantitative, objective, automatic, and bypasses the intensity normalization step. An online interface was constructed to check images and obtain assessment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxian He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongtu Tang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chenze Hou
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou , 310027, China.
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Jiaxing , 314000, China.
| | - Weichuan Yu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, China.
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18
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Seong D, Yi S, Han S, Lee J, Park S, Hwang YH, Kim J, Kim HK, Jeon M. Target ischemic stroke model creation method using photoacoustic microscopy with simultaneous vessel monitoring and dynamic photothrombosis induction. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 27:100376. [PMID: 35734368 PMCID: PMC9207728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ischemic stroke animal model evaluates the efficacy of reperfusion and neuroprotective strategies for ischemic injuries. Various conventional methods have been reported to induce the ischemic models; however, controlling specific neurological deficits, mortality rates, and the extent of the infarction is difficult as the size of the affected region is not precisely controlled. In this paper, we report a single laser-based localized target ischemic stroke model development method by simultaneous vessel monitoring and photothrombosis induction using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), which has minimized the infarct size at precise location with high reproducibility. The proposed method has significantly reduced the infarcted region by illuminating the precise localization. The reproducibility and validity of suggested method have been demonstrated through repeated experiments and histological analyses. These results demonstrate that our method can provide the ischemic stroke model closest to the clinical pathology for brain ischemia research from inducement, occurrence mechanisms to the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewoon Seong
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Yi
- Bio-Medical Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyeob Han
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyul Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sungjo Park
- Pohang Innotown Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ha Hwang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyun Kim
- Bio-Medical Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
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19
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Activating toll-like receptor 4 after traumatic brain injury inhibits neuroinflammation and the accelerated development of seizures in rats. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114202. [PMID: 35970203 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling plays a detrimental role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathology. Pharmacologic or genetic inactivating TLR4 diminish TBI inflammation and neurological complications. Nonetheless, TLR4 priming alleviates TBI inflammation and seizure susceptibility. We investigated impact of postconditioning with TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) on TBI neuroinflammation and epileptogenesis in rats. TBI was induced in temporo-parietal cortex of rats by Controlled Cortical Impact device. Then rats received a single dose (0.1 μg/rat) of MPL by intracerebroventricular injection. After 24 h, CCI-injured rats received intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole 35 mg/kg once every other day until acquisition of generalized seizures. The injury size, number of survived neurons, and brain protein level of TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, and arginase1 (Arg1) were determined. Astrocytes and macrophage/microglia activation/polarization was assessed by double immunostaining with anti GFAP/Arg1 or anti Iba1/Arg1 antibodies. The CCI-injured rats developed generalized seizures after 5.9 ± 1.3 pentylenetetrazole injections (p < 0.001, compared to 12.3 ± 1.4 injections for sham-operated rats). MPL treatment returned the accelerated rate of epileptogenesis in TBI state to the sham-operated level. MPL did not change damage volume but attenuated number of dead neurons (p < 0.01). MPL decreased TNF-α overexpression (6 h post-TBI p < 0.0001), upregulated expression of TGF-β (48 h post-TBI, p < 0.0001), and IL-10 (48 h post-TBI, p < 0.0001) but did not change Arg1 expression. GFAP/Arg1 and Iba1/Arg1 positive cells were detected in TBI area with no significant change following MPL administration. MPL administration after TBI reduces vulnerability to seizure acquisition through down regulating neural death and inflammation, and up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. This capacity along with the clinical safety, makes MPL a potential candidate for development of drugs against neurological deficits of TBI.
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Shen Y, Cui J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang J, Su Y, Xu D, Liu Y, Guo Y, Bai W. Temporal alteration of microglia to microinfarcts in rat brain induced by the vascular occlusion with fluorescent microspheres. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:956342. [PMID: 35990892 PMCID: PMC9381699 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.956342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, can monitor the microenvironment and actively respond to ischemic stroke and other brain injuries. In this procedure, microglia and neurons can cross-talk via transmembrane chemokine, Fractalkine (CX3CL1), to impact one another. We used a rat model of multifocal microinfarcts induced by the injection of fluorescent microspheres into the right common carotid artery and examined the morphological alteration of blood vessels, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons at 6 h, 1, 7, and 14 days after modeling, along with neurobehavioral tests and the staining of CX3CL1 in this study. Our results demonstrated that in the infarcted regions, astrocytes and microglia activated in response to neuronal degeneration and upregulation of cleaved caspase-3, which occurred concurrently with vascular alteration and higher expression of CX3CL1. We provided sequential histological data to shed light on the morphological changes after modeling, which would help in the identification of new targets and the choice of the ideal time window for therapeutic intervention in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Guo
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wanzhu Bai
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21
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Chaudhari P, Madaan A, Rivera JC, Charfi I, Habelrih T, Hou X, Nezhady M, Lodygensky G, Pineyro G, Muanza T, Chemtob S. Neuronal GPR81 regulates developmental brain angiogenesis and promotes brain recovery after a hypoxic ischemic insult. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1294-1308. [PMID: 35107038 PMCID: PMC9207492 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221077499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic/ischemic (HI) brain injury is a major clinical problem with devastating neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates. During HI brain injury, dysregulated factor production contributes to microvascular impairment. Glycolysis-derived lactate accumulated during ischemia has been proposed to protect against ischemic injury, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Herein, we hypothesize that lactate via its G-protein coupled receptor (GPR81) controls postnatal brain angiogenesis and plays a protective role after HI injury. We show that GPR81 is predominantly expressed in neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. GPR81-null mice displayed a delay in cerebral microvascular development linked to reduced levels of various major angiogenic factors and augmented expression of anti-angiogenic Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in comparison to their WT littermates. Coherently, lactate stimulation induced an increase in growth factors (VEGF, Ang1 and 2, PDGF) and reduced TSP-1 expression in neurons, which contributed to accelerating angiogenesis. HI injury in GPR81-null animals curtailed vascular density and consequently increased infarct size compared to changes seen in WT mice; conversely intracerebroventricular lactate injection increased vascular density and diminished infarct size in WT but not in GPR81-null mice. Collectively, we show that lactate acting via GPR81 participates in developmental brain angiogenesis, and attenuates HI injury by restoring compromised microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhas Chaudhari
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ankush Madaan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - José Carlos Rivera
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Opthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Iness Charfi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tiffany Habelrih
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Xin Hou
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mohammad Nezhady
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gregory Lodygensky
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Thierry Muanza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Opthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montréal, Canada
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22
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Xiong Q, Li X, Xia L, Yao Z, Shi X, Dong Z. Dihydroartemisinin attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats by inhibiting oxidative stress. Mol Brain 2022; 15:36. [PMID: 35484595 PMCID: PMC9052669 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) induced by perinatal asphyxia is a major cause of neurological disability among infants. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), derived from artemisinin, well known as an anti-malarial medicine, was proved to be able to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. However, whether those functions of DHA play roles in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), an animal model of HIE in patient which also been observed to have oxidative stress and inflammation, is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the DHA treatment on newborn rats significantly relieved the neuron loss and motor and cognitive impairment caused by HIBD. One of the underlying mechanisms is that DHA enhanced the anti-oxidant capacity of HIBD rats by up-regulating the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), gluathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) while down regulating the pro-oxidative substances including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Thus, our study illustrated that DHA could alleviate the damage of brains and improve the cognitive and motor function of HIBD rats by inhibiting oxidative stress, provided an opportunity to interrogate potential therapeutics for affected HIE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaohuan Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhengyu Yao
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiuyu Shi
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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23
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Biophoton imaging identification of delayed functional neural circuit injury after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 367:109438. [PMID: 34896102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of structural changes after stroke has made great progress; however, it remains difficult to evaluate functional neural changes. NEW METHOD Here, we report a novel imaging technique that could monitor delayed functional neural circuit injury in an animal model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The changes in 50 mM glutamate-induced biophotonic activities in functional neural circuits in rat brain slices after middle cerebral artery occlusion were investigated with an ultraweak biophoton imaging system. RESULTS Six hours after ischemia-reperfusion, the rats presented a significant decrease in motion ability together with a large part of the unstained 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) area in the ischemia-reperfusion side, whereas the intensity of the biophoton emissions was consistent on both the ischemia-reperfusion and non-ischemic sides of brain slices. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the behavior evaluation and TTC staining recovered slightly, and the intensity of the biophoton emissions was weaker on the ischemia-reperfusion side than on the contralateral side. One week after reperfusion, the behavioral test and TTC staining recovered to normal levels; however, the intensity of the biophoton emissions was decreased significantly on both the ischemia-reperfusion and contralateral sides, and such changes were even distinguished in different brain areas, such as the sensory and motor coteries and striatum. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that delayed functional neural circuit injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion could be identified with biophoton imaging techniques, providing a novel functional evaluation method for animal models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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24
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Nucci MP, Oliveira FA, Ferreira JM, Pinto YO, Alves AH, Mamani JB, Nucci LP, Valle NME, Gamarra LF. Effect of Cell Therapy and Exercise Training in a Stroke Model, Considering the Cell Track by Molecular Image and Behavioral Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030485. [PMID: 35159294 PMCID: PMC8834410 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to see how combining physical activity with cell treatment impacts functional recovery in a stroke model. Molecular imaging and multimodal nanoparticles assisted in cell tracking and longitudinal monitoring (MNP). The viability of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) was determined using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and bioluminescent image (BLI) after lentiviral transduction and MNP labeling. At random, the animals were divided into 5 groups (control-G1, and experimental G2-G5). The photothrombotic stroke induction was confirmed by local blood perfusion reduction and Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), and MSC in the G3 and G5 groups were implanted after 24 h, with BLI and near-infrared fluorescence image (NIRF) tracking these cells at 28 h, 2, 7, 14, and 28 days. During a 28-day period, the G5 also conducted physical training, whereas the G4 simply did the training. At 0, 7, 14, and 28 days, the animals were functionally tested using a cylinder test and a spontaneous motor activity test. MNP internalization in MSC was confirmed using brightfield and fluorescence microscopy. In relation to G1 group, only 3% of cell viability reduced. The G2–G5 groups showed more than 69% of blood perfusion reduction. The G5 group performed better over time, with a progressive recovery of symmetry and an increase of fast vertical movements. Up to 7 days, BLI and NIRF followed MSC at the damaged site, demonstrating a signal rise that could be connected to cell proliferation at the injury site during the acute phase of stroke. Local MSC therapy mixed with physical activity resulted in better results in alleviating motor dysfunction, particularly during the acute period. When it comes to neurorehabilitation, this alternative therapy could be a suitable fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P. Nucci
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
- LIM44, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Oliveira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - João M. Ferreira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - Yolanda O. Pinto
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - Arielly H. Alves
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - Javier B. Mamani
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - Leopoldo P. Nucci
- Centro Universitário do Planalto Central, Brasília 72445-020, Brazil;
| | - Nicole M. E. Valle
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
| | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil; (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (J.M.F.); (Y.O.P.); (A.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (N.M.E.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
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25
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Cappelli J, Khacho P, Wang B, Sokolovski A, Bakkar W, Raymond S, Ahlskog N, Pitney J, Wu J, Chudalayandi P, Wong AYC, Bergeron R. Glycine-induced NMDA receptor internalization provides neuroprotection and preserves vasculature following ischemic stroke. iScience 2022; 25:103539. [PMID: 34977503 PMCID: PMC8689229 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Following an ischemic event, neuronal death is triggered by uncontrolled glutamate release leading to overactivation of glutamate sensitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). For gating, NMDARs require not only the binding of glutamate, but also of glycine or a glycine-like compound as a co-agonist. Low glycine doses enhance NMDAR function, whereas high doses trigger glycine-induced NMDAR internalization (GINI) in vitro. Here, we report that following an ischemic event, in vivo, GINI also occurs and provides neuroprotection in the presence of a GlyT1 antagonist (GlyT1-A). Mice pretreated with a GlyT1-A, which increases synaptic glycine levels, exhibited smaller stroke volume, reduced cell death, and minimized behavioral deficits following stroke induction by either photothrombosis or endothelin-1. Moreover, we show evidence that in ischemic conditions, GlyT1-As preserve the vasculature in the peri-infarct area. Therefore, GlyT1 could be a new target for the treatment of ischemic stroke. GINI is a dynamic phenomenon which dampens NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity during stroke GlyT1-antagonists (GlyT1-As) trigger GINI during stroke in vivo GlyT1-As mitigate post-stroke behavioral deficits and preserve peri-infarct vasculature GlyT1 could be a novel and viable therapeutic target for ischemic stroke
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cappelli
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Pamela Khacho
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Boyang Wang
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alexandra Sokolovski
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Wafae Bakkar
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sophie Raymond
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nina Ahlskog
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julian Pitney
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Junzheng Wu
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Prakash Chudalayandi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Adrian Y C Wong
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Richard Bergeron
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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26
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Wang Z, Yang R, Zhang Y, Hui X, Yan L, Zhang R, Li X, Abliz Z. Ratiometric Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Stain-Free Delineation of Ischemic Tissue and Spatial Profiling of Ischemia-Related Molecular Signatures. Front Chem 2022; 9:807868. [PMID: 34993178 PMCID: PMC8724055 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.807868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) serves as an emerging tool for spatial profiling of metabolic dysfunction in ischemic tissue. Prior to MSI data analysis, commonly used staining methods, e.g., triphenyltetrazole chloride (TTC) staining, need to be implemented on the adjacent tissue for delineating lesion area and evaluating infarction, resulting in extra consumption of the tissue sample as well as morphological mismatch. Here, we propose an in situ ratiometric MSI method for simultaneous demarcation of lesion border and spatial annotation of metabolic and enzymatic signatures in ischemic tissue on identical tissue sections. In this method, the ion abundance ratio of a reactant pair in the TCA cycle, e.g., fumarate to malate, is extracted pixel-by-pixel from an ambient MSI dataset of ischemic tissue and used as a surrogate indicator for metabolic activity of mitochondria to delineate lesion area as if the tissue has been chemically stained. This method is shown to be precise and robust in identifying lesions in brain tissues and tissue samples from different ischemic models including heart, liver, and kidney. Furthermore, the proposed method allows screening and predicting metabolic and enzymatic alterations which are related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Being capable of concurrent lesion identification, in situ metabolomics analysis, and screening of enzymatic alterations, the ratiometric MSI method bears great potential to explore ischemic damages at both metabolic and enzymatic levels in biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liuyan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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27
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Zhao Z, Hu X, Wang J, Wang J, Hou Y, Chen S. Zinc finger E-Box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2)-induced astrogliosis protected neuron from pyroptosis in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12917-12930. [PMID: 34852714 PMCID: PMC8809936 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia injury can cause cell death or impairment of neuron and astrocytes, and thus induce loss of nerve function. central nervous systems injury induces an aberrant activation of astrocytes called astrogliosis. Pyroptosis, which is a kind of programmed cell death, was proved play an important role in ischemia injury. Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 2 (ZEB2) promoted neuron astrogliosis, which play a protected role in neuron regeneration. However, its precise mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the mechanism of ZEB2 on astrogliosis and neuron regeneration after cerebral ischemia reperfusion condition. To confirm our hypothesis, Neurons and astrocytes were isolated from fetal Sprague Dawley rats, in vivo Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-treated astrocytes and neurocytes model were constructed. Our results showed that ZEB2 was expressed in nucleus of astrocyte and upregulated after OGD/R induction, ZEB2 promoted astrogliosis. Further upregulation of ZEB2 promoted the astrogliosis, which promoted neuron proliferation and regeneration by decreased pyroptosis. Moreover, this finding was further confirmed in vivo MCAO/R rat model. Overexpression of ZEB2 promoted astrogliosis, which decreased infarct volume and accumulated recovery of neurological function by alleviated pyroptosis. This finding revealed that ZEB2 was a regulator of the astrogliosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury, and then astrogliosis promoted neuron regeneration via decreased neuron pyroptosis. Therefore, ZEB2 may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Suyun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
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Happ DF, Wegener G, Tasker RA. Behavioral and histopathological consequences of transient ischemic stroke in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat, a genetic animal model of depression. Brain Res 2021; 1771:147648. [PMID: 34492264 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with depression have an increased risk for stroke, higher mortality rates following stroke and worse functional outcomes among survivors. Preclinical studies may help to better understand the underlying mechanisms linking these two diseases, but only a few animal studies have investigated the effects of prestroke depression. The present study investigates whether Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, a genetic depression model, respond differently to focal ischemic stroke compared to control strains (Flinders Resistant Line [FRL] and Sprague-Dawley [SD]). Male adult FSL, FRL and SD rats received a unilateral injection of either vehicle or Endothelin-1 (ET-1) adjacent to the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Motor function was assessed at 48 h followed by euthanasia and infarct volume measurement using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and image analysis. In a separate cohort behavior was assessed using standard tests for motor function, locomotor activity, cognition, anxiety- and depression-like behavior beginning at 10 days post-injection followed by infarct quantification. We found that ET-1-induced MCA occlusion produced significant infarcts in all three strains. Stroke animals had slightly impaired motor function, but there was no clear interaction effects between strain and stroke surgery on behavioral outcomes. We conclude that FSL rats show no increased susceptibility to brain damage or behavioral deficits following ET-1-induced focal ischemic stroke compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise F Happ
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - R Andrew Tasker
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
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29
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Change in the central control of the bladder function of rats with focal cerebral infarction induced by photochemically-induced thrombosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255200. [PMID: 34752461 PMCID: PMC8577768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemically-induced thrombosis (photothrombosis) method can create focal cerebral infarcts anywhere in the relatively superficial layers of the cerebrum; it is easy to implement and minimally invasive. Taking advantage of this versatility, we aimed to establish a new rat model of urinary frequency with focal cerebral infarction, which was characterized by its simplicity, nonlethal nature, and high reproducibility. The prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, which are involved in lower urinary tract control, were targeted for focal cerebral infarction, and urinary parameters were measured by cystometrogram. Cystometric analysis indicated that micturition intervals significantly shortened in photothrombosis-treated rats compared with those in the sham operative group on Days 1 and 7 (P < 0.01), but prolonged after 14 days, with no difference between the two groups. Immunopathological evaluation showed an accumulation of activated microglia, followed by an increase in reactive astrocytes at the peri-infarct zone after photothrombotic stroke. Throughout this study, all postphotothrombosis rats showed cerebral infarction in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex; there were no cases of rats with fatal cerebral infarction. This model corresponded to the clinical presentation, in that the micturition status changed after stroke. In conclusion, this novel model combining nonlethality and high reproducibility may be a suitable model of urinary frequency after focal cerebral infarction.
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30
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Chang HH, Yeh SJ, Chiang MC, Hsieh ST. Segmentation of Rat Brains and Cerebral Hemispheres in Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Images after Stroke. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217171. [PMID: 34770479 PMCID: PMC8588199 DOI: 10.3390/s21217171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death among the aged population in the world. Experimental stroke models with rodents play a fundamental role in the investigation of the mechanism and impairment of cerebral ischemia. For its celerity and veracity, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of rat brains has been extensively adopted to visualize the infarction, which is subsequently photographed for further processing. Two important tasks are to segment the brain regions and to compute the midline that separates the brain. This paper investigates automatic brain extraction and hemisphere segmentation algorithms in camera-based TTC-stained rat images. For rat brain extraction, a saliency region detection scheme on a superpixel image is exploited to extract the brain regions from the raw complicated image. Subsequently, the initial brain slices are refined using a parametric deformable model associated with color image transformation. For rat hemisphere segmentation, open curve evolution guided by the gradient vector flow in a medial subimage is developed to compute the midline. A wide variety of TTC-stained rat brain images captured by a smartphone were produced and utilized to evaluate the proposed segmentation frameworks. Experimental results on the segmentation of rat brains and cerebral hemispheres indicated that the developed schemes achieved high accuracy with average Dice scores of 92.33% and 97.15%, respectively. The established segmentation algorithms are believed to be potential and beneficial to facilitate experimental stroke study with TTC-stained rat brain images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herng-Hua Chang
- Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Shin-Joe Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-C.C.); (S.-T.H.)
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-C.C.); (S.-T.H.)
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31
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Li L, Cheng SQ, Guo W, Cai ZY, Sun YQ, Huang XX, Yang J, Ji J, Chen YY, Dong YF, Cheng H, Sun XL. Oridonin prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial injury via promoting Nrf-2 pathway in ischaemic stroke. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9753-9766. [PMID: 34514714 PMCID: PMC8505855 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oridonin, a natural diterpenoid compound extracted from a Chinese herb, has been proved to exert anti‐oxidative stress effects in various disease models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of oridonin on oxidative stress‐induced endothelial injury in ischaemic stroke. We found oridonin repaired blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity presented with upregulation of tight junction proteins (TJ proteins) expression, inhibited the infiltration of periphery inflammatory cells and neuroinflammation and thereby reduced infarct volume in ischaemic stroke mice. Furthermore, our results showed that oridonin could protect against oxidative stress‐induced endothelial injury via promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf‐2). The specific mechanism could be the activation of AKT(Ser473)/GSK3β(Ser9)/Fyn signalling pathway. Our findings revealed the therapeutic effect and mechanism of oridonin in ischaemic stroke, which provided fundamental evidence for developing the extracted compound of Chinese herbal medicine into an innovative drug for ischaemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Qi Cheng
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cai
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Yun Chen
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Mnafgui K, Ghazouani L, Hajji R, Tlili A, Derbali F, da Silva FI, Araújo JL, de Oliveira Schinoff B, Bachega JFR, da Silva Santos AL, Allouche N. Oleuropein Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Rats: Molecular Docking, Biochemical and Histological Findings. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2131-2142. [PMID: 34008118 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the underlying protective mechanisms of oleuropein involved in alleviating brain damage in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; Control, stroke (MCAO), MCAO + clopidogrel (Clop) and MCAO + oleuropein (Ole). Results showed that the MCAO group evidenced significant brain edema (+ 9%) as well as increases of plasma cardiac markers such as lactate deshydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK-MB), fibrinogen and Trop-T by 11 %, 43%, 168 and 590%, respectively, as compared to the control group. Moreover, infarcted rats exhibited remarkable elevated levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), both in plasma and brain tissue, with astrocyte swelling and necrotic neurons in the infarct zone, hyponatremia, and increased rate of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by 89% associated with decreases in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (Cat) by 51%, 44 and 42%, respectively, compared to normal control rats. However, MCAO rats treated with oleuropein underwent mitigation of cerebral edema, correction of hyponatremia, remarkable decrease of plasma fibrinogen and cardiac dysfunctional enzymes, inhibition of ACE activity and improvement of oxidative stress status in brain tissue. Furthermore, in silico analysis showed considerable inhibitions of ACE, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and TGF-β1, an indicative of potent anti-embolic properties. Overall, oleuropein offers a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke through its antioxidative and antithrombotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Mnafgui
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 95, 3052, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Lakhdar Ghazouani
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Hajji
- Service de Médecine Interne, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Hôpital de Sidi Bouzid, Université de Sousse, Sidi Bouzid 9100, 4200, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Abir Tlili
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Derbali
- Service de Médecine Interne, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Hôpital de Sidi Bouzid, Université de Sousse, Sidi Bouzid 9100, 4200, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Francisco Ivan da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Natural Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Joabe Lima Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociência e Nanobiotecnologia, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, s/n Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Bianca de Oliveira Schinoff
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Fernando Ruggiero Bachega
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antônia Laíres da Silva Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Natural Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances Team), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Kaushik P, Ali M, Salman M, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Harnessing the mitochondrial integrity for neuroprotection: Therapeutic role of piperine against experimental ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105138. [PMID: 34284077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a rapidly increasing global burden and is associated with severe neurological decline and mortality. There is urgent requirement of the efforts, aimed to identify therapeutic strategies that are effective in clinic to promote significant recovery from IS. Studies have shown that mitochondria mediated neuroprotection can be a competent target against ischemic damage. Therefore, we examined whether mitochondrial impairment is regulated by Piperine (PIP), an alkaloid of Piper Longum, which has neuroprotective activity against ischemic brain injury. In this study, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) surgery was performed on male Wistar rats for 90 min followed by 22.5 h of reperfusion for mimicking the IS condition. This study consisted of three groups: sham, tMCAO and tMCAO + PIP (10 mg/kg b.wt., p.o/day for 15 days), and studied for behavioral tests, infarct volume, brain pathological changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation alongwith cell survival status. PIP pre-treatment showed reduction in neurological alterations and infarct volume. In addition, PIP pre-treatment suppressed the mitochondrial dysfunction and might have anti-apoptotic potential by preventing Cytochrome c (Cyt c) release from mitochondria to cytoplasm and caspase 3 activation. It also regulates pro-apoptotic, Bax and anti-apoptotic, Bcl-2 proteins accompanied by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells in cortex region. Quantitative Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results also showed that PIP reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory protein, interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and enhanced cell survival by restoring the activity of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its transcription protein, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Taken together, PIP reduced the mitochondrial dysfunction, neurological impairment, and enhanced neuronal survival. In conclusion, our findings reinforce PIP as an effective neuroprotective agent and provide important evidence about its role as a potential target to serve as a promising therapy for treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mubashshir Ali
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Salman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Wang HL, Chen JW, Yang SH, Lo YC, Pan HC, Liang YW, Wang CF, Yang Y, Kuo YT, Lin YC, Chou CY, Lin SH, Chen YY. Multimodal Optical Imaging to Investigate Spatiotemporal Changes in Cerebrovascular Function in AUDA Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:655305. [PMID: 34149359 PMCID: PMC8209306 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.655305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA) has been demonstrated to alleviate infarction following ischemic stroke. Reportedly, the main effect of AUDA is exerting anti-inflammation and neovascularization via the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. However, the major contribution of this anti-inflammation and neovascularization effect in the acute phase of stroke is not completely elucidated. To investigate the neuroprotective effects of AUDA in acute ischemic stroke, we combined laser speckle contrast imaging and optical intrinsic signal imaging techniques with the implantation of a lab-designed cranial window. Forepaw stimulation was applied to assess the functional changes via measuring cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) that accompany neural activity. The rats that received AUDA in the acute phase of photothrombotic ischemia stroke showed a 30.5 ± 8.1% reduction in the ischemic core, 42.3 ± 15.1% reduction in the ischemic penumbra (p < 0.05), and 42.1 ± 4.6% increase of CMRO2 in response to forepaw stimulation at post-stroke day 1 (p < 0.05) compared with the control group (N = 10 for each group). Moreover, at post-stroke day 3, increased functional vascular density was observed in AUDA-treated rats (35.9 ± 1.9% higher than that in the control group, p < 0.05). At post-stroke day 7, a 105.4% ± 16.4% increase of astrocytes (p < 0.01), 30.0 ± 10.9% increase of neurons (p < 0.01), and 65.5 ± 15.0% decrease of microglia (p < 0.01) were observed in the penumbra region in AUDA-treated rats (N = 5 for each group). These results suggested that AUDA affects the anti-inflammation at the beginning of ischemic injury and restores neuronal metabolic rate of O2 and tissue viability. The neovascularization triggered by AUDA restored CBF and may contribute to ischemic infarction reduction at post-stroke day 3. Moreover, for long-term neuroprotection, astrocytes in the penumbra region may play an important role in protecting neurons from apoptotic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chi Pan
- National Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang M, Xiao C, Zhang L, Li L, Luo J, Chen L, Hu X, Zheng H. Bioinformatic Analysis of Exosomal MicroRNAs of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Ischemic Stroke Rats After Physical Exercise. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1540-1553. [PMID: 33709257 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is beneficial to the structural and functional recovery of post-ischemic stroke, but its molecular mechanism remains obscure. Herein, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of exercise-induced neuroprotection from the perspective of microRNAs (miRNAs). Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups, i.e., the physical exercise group with the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) surgery (PE-IS, n = 28); the physical exercise group without tMCAO surgery (PE, n = 6); the sedentary group with tMCAO surgery (Sed-IS, n = 28); and the sedentary group without tMCAO surgery (Sed, n = 6). Notably, rats in the PE-IS and PE groups were subjected to a running exercise for 28 days while rats in the Sed-IS and Sed groups received no exercise training. After long-term exercise, exosomal miRNAs of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were employed for the differentially expressed miRNAs. Physical exercise improved the neurological function and attenuated the lesion expansion after stroke. In total, 41 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened for the GO and KEGG analysis. GO enriched terms were associated with the central nervous system, including cellular response to retinoic acid, vagus nerve morphogenesis, cellular response to hypoxia, dendritic cell chemotaxis, cell differentiation, and regulation of neuron death. Besides, these differentially expressed miRNAs were linked to the pathophysiological process of stroke, including axon guidance, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, thiamine metabolism, and MAPK signaling pathway according to KEGG analysis. In summary, exercise training significantly alleviated the neurological damage at both functional and structural levels. Moreover, the differentially expressed miRNAs regulating multiple signal pathways were potentially involved in the neuroprotective effects of physical exercise. Therefore, these miRNAs altered by physical exercise might represent the therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chongjun Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lilin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiquan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Haiqing Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Salehi MS, Safari A, Pandamooz S, Jurek B, Hooshmandi E, Owjfard M, Bayat M, Zafarmand SS, Miyan JA, Borhani-Haghighi A. The Beneficial Potential of Genetically Modified Stem Cells in the Treatment of Stroke: a Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:412-440. [PMID: 34033001 PMCID: PMC8144279 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a surge in investigations proposing stem cells as a promising strategy to treat stroke. Since growth factor release is considered as one of the most important aspects of cell-based therapy, stem cells over-expressing growth factors are hypothesized to yield higher levels of therapeutic efficiency. In pre-clinical studies of the last 15 years that were investigating the efficiency of stem cell therapy for stroke, a variety of stem cell types were genetically modified to over-express various factors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the therapeutic efficiency of stem cell-derived growth factors, encompassing techniques employed and time points to evaluate. In addition, we discuss several types of stem cells, including the recently developed model of epidermal neural crest stem cells, and genetically modified stem cells over-expressing specific factors, which could elevate the restorative potential of naive stem cells. The restorative potential is based on enhanced survival/differentiation potential of transplanted cells, apoptosis inhibition, infarct volume reduction, neovascularization or functional improvement. Since the majority of studies have focused on the short-term curative effects of genetically engineered stem cells, we emphasize the need to address their long-term impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anahid Safari
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Owjfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Developing of Focal Ischemia in the Hippocampus or the Amygdala Reveals a Regional Compensation Rule for Fear Memory Acquisition. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0398-20.2021. [PMID: 33785521 PMCID: PMC8174052 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0398-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circuit compensation is often observed in patients with acute ischemic stroke, suggesting the importance of the interaction between brain regions. Also, contextual fear memory is an association between multisensory contexts and fearful stimuli, for which the interaction between the hippocampus and the amygdala is believed to be critical. To understand how focal ischemia in one region could influence the other region, we used a modified photo-thrombosis to induce focal ischemia in the hippocampus or the amygdala or both in freely-moving rats. We found that the learning curve and short-term memory (STM) were not affected in the rats although focal ischemia was induced 5 h before learning in either the hippocampus or the amygdala; these were impaired by the induction of ischemia in both the regions. Furthermore, the learning curve and STM were impaired when ischemia was induced 24 h before learning in either the hippocampus or the amygdala when the synaptic transmission was altered in one region because of ischemia in the other region. These results suggest that the circuit compensation between the hippocampus and the amygdala is critical for fear memory acquisition.
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Zhang L, Yao K, Wang Y, Zhou YL, Fu Z, Li G, Ling J, Yang Y. Brain-Targeted Dual Site-Selective Functionalized Poly(β-Amino Esters) Delivery Platform for Nerve Regeneration. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3007-3015. [PMID: 33797927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain injuries are devastating central nervous system diseases, resulting in cognitive, motor, and sensory dysfunctions. However, clinical therapeutic options are still limited for brain injuries, indicating an urgent need to investigate new therapies. Furthermore, the efficient delivery of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to the brain is a serious problem. In this study, a facile strategy of dual site-selective functionalized (DSSF) poly(β-amino esters) was developed using bio-orthogonal chemistry for promoting brain nerve regeneration. Fluorescence colocalization studies demonstrated that these proton-sponge DSSF poly(β-amino esters) targeted mitochondria through electrostatic interactions. More importantly, this delivery system could effectively accumulate in the injured brain sites and accelerate the recovery of the injured brain. Finally, this DSSF poly(β-amino esters) platform may provide a new methodology for the construction of dual regioselective carriers in protein/peptide delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - You Lang Zhou
- Hand Surgery Research Center, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zexi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
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Santos-Galdiano M, González-Rodríguez P, Font-Belmonte E, Ugidos IF, Anuncibay-Soto B, Pérez-Rodríguez D, Fernández-López A. Celecoxib-Dependent Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (tMCAO) Involves Modifications in Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Proteasome. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1404-1417. [PMID: 33184783 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. Ischemic stroke results in unfolded/misfolded protein accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a condition known as ER stress. We hypothesized that previously reported neuroprotection of celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model, relies on the ER stress decrease. To probe this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 1 h of tMCAO and treated with celecoxib or vehicle 1 and 24 h after ischemia. Protein and mRNA levels of the main hallmarks of ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, UPR-induced cell death, and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, the main protein degradation pathways, were measured at 12 and 48 h of reperfusion. Celecoxib treatment decreased polyubiquitinated protein load and ER stress marker expression such as glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase 12 after 48 h of reperfusion. Regarding the UPR activation, celecoxib promoted inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathway instead of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway. Furthermore, celecoxib treatment increased proteasome catalytic subunits transcript levels and decreased p62 protein levels, while the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3B) II/I ratio remained unchanged. Thus, the ability of celecoxib treatment on reducing the ER stress correlates with the enhancement of IRE1-UPR pathway and UPS degradation. These data support the ability of anti-inflammatory therapy in modulating ER stress and reveal the IRE1 pathway as a promising therapeutic target in stroke therapy.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Santos-Galdiano
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Paloma González-Rodríguez
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Enrique Font-Belmonte
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Irene F Ugidos
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Currently at AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Berta Anuncibay-Soto
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Currently at Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London (ICL), London, UK
| | - Diego Pérez-Rodríguez
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
- Currently at Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Arsenio Fernández-López
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
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Wang J, Zhu Y, Yang L, Liu H, Zhou T, Xu F, Xu P, Yuan L, Liang L. Early Diagnosis of Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury and Revelation of Its Regional Development by a H 3R Receptor-Directed Probe. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1330-1338. [PMID: 33653024 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of cerebral hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) may facilitate early diagnosis of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) and a revelation of its pathological progression. In this study, we report our rational design of a brain-targeting fluorescent probe using the basis of a pyridazinone scaffold. A structure-activity relationship study reveals that PCAB is the best candidate (Ki = 15.8 nM) for a histamine H3 receptor (H3R), which is highly expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. As a two-photon fluorescent probe, PCAB exhibits a fast, selective reaction toward both extra- and intracellular H2O2 in SH-SY5Y cells under oxygen glucose deprivation and resupply. In vivo fluorescent imaging of a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse confirms that PCAB is an ultrasensitive probe with potent blood-brain barrier penetration, precise brain targeting, and fast detection of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lingfei Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fengrong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Martins-Silva C, de Souza Pinho N, Ferreira GG, Aguiar RM, Ferreira TA, Pires RGW, Tizziani T, Pizzolatti MG, Santos ARS. Polygala sabulosa A.W. Bennett extract mitigates motor and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of acute ischemia. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:453-462. [PMID: 33394286 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The treatment is limited; however, the Brazilian flora has a great source of natural products with therapeutic potentials. Studies with the medicinal plant Polygala sabulosa W. Bennett provided evidence for its use as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective drug. In the case of ischemic stroke due to lack of oxygen, both acute and chronic inflammatory processes are activated. Thus, we hypothesized that P. sabulosa (HEPs) has the potential to treat the motor and cognitive deficits generated by ischemic stroke. Male mice were subjected to global ischemia for 60 min, followed by reperfusion and orally treated with HEPs (100 mg/kg in saline + 3% tween 20) twice a day (12 h apart) for 48 h starting 3 h after surgery. Motor skills were assessed using grip force and open field tasks. Hippocampi were then collected for mRNA quantification of the cytokines IL-1-β and TNF-α levels. After 48 h of acute treatment, spatial reference memory was evaluated in a Morris water maze test for another group of animals. We show that HEPs treatment significantly prevented motor weakness induced by ischemia. Brain infarct area was reduced by 22.25% with downregulation of the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA. Learning performance and memory ability on Morris water maze task were similar to the sham group. Our data demonstrates the neuroprotective properties of HEPs through its anti-inflammatory activities, which prevent motor and cognitive impairments, suggesting that HEPs may be an effective therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martins-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
| | - Natalie de Souza Pinho
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil
| | - Glenda G Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Rafael Moraes Aguiar
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Tamara Alarcon Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Rita G W Pires
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tizziani
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Mathematical Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Moacir G Pizzolatti
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Mathematical Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Zhuang L, Kong Y, Yang S, Lu F, Gong Z, Zhan S, Liu M. Dynamic changes of inflammation and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury in mice investigated by ferumoxytol‑enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:282. [PMID: 33604682 PMCID: PMC7905325 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response and apoptosis are key factors in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The severity of the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis has an important impact on the prognosis of stroke. The ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particle has provided an effective magnetic resonance molecular imaging method for dynamic observation of the cell infiltration process in vivo. The aims of the present study were to investigate the inflammatory response of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice using ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and to observe the dynamic changes of inflammatory response and apoptosis. In the present study a C57BL/6n mouse cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by blocking the right middle cerebral artery with an occluding suture. Subsequently, the mice were injected with ferumoxytol via the tail vein, and magnetic resonance scanning was performed at corresponding time points to observe the signal changes. Furthermore, blood samples were used to measure the level of serum inflammatory factors, and histological staining was performed to assess the number of iron-swallowing microglial cells and apoptotic cells. The present results suggested that there was no significant difference in the serum inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β between the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and MCAO + ferumoxytol groups injected with ferumoxytol and physiological saline. The lowest signal ratio in the negative enhancement region was decreased 24 h after reperfusion in mice injected with ferumoxytol. The proportion of iron-swallowing microglial cells and TUNEL-positive cells were the highest at 24 h after reperfusion, and decreased gradually at 48 and 72 h after reperfusion. Therefore, the present results indicated that ferumoxytol injection of 18 mg Fe/kg does not affect the inflammatory response in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can be used as an effective means to monitor the inflammatory response in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, it was found that activation of the inflammatory response and apoptosis in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Kong
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Shuohui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Gong
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Songhua Zhan
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Mengxiao Liu
- MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
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Trabolsi C, Takash Chamoun W, Hijazi A, Nicoletti C, Maresca M, Nasser M. Study of Neuroprotection by a Combination of the Biological Antioxidant ( Eucalyptus Extract) and the Antihypertensive Drug Candesartan against Chronic Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:839. [PMID: 33562701 PMCID: PMC7915443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral ischemia with a notable long-term cessation of blood supply to the brain tissues leads to sensorimotor defects and short- and long-term memory problems. Neuroprotective agents are used in an attempt to save ischemic neurons from necrosis and apoptosis, such as the antioxidant agent Eucalyptus. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Candesartan is a drug that acts as an angiotensin II receptor 1 blocker. We established a rat model exhibiting sensorimotor and cognitive impairments due to chronic cerebral ischemia induced by the ligation of the right common carotid artery. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham group, Untreated Ligated group, Ischemic group treated with Eucalyptus (500 mg/kg), Ischemic group treated with Candesartan (0.5 mg/kg), and Ischemic group treated with a combination of Eucalyptus and Candesartan. To evaluate the sensorimotor disorders, we performed the beam balance test, the beam walking test, and the modified sticky test. Moreover, the object recognition test and the Morris water maze test were performed to assess the memory disorders of the rats. The infarct rat brain regions were subsequently stained using the triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining technique. The rats in the Sham group had normal sensorimotor and cognitive functions without the appearance of microscopic ischemic brain lesions. In parallel, the untreated Ischemic group showed severe impaired neurological functions with the presence of considerable brain infarctions. The treatment of the Ischemic group with a combination of both Eucalyptus and Candesartan was more efficient in improving the sensorimotor and cognitive deficits (p < 0.001) than the treatment with Eucalyptus or Candesartan alone (p < 0.05), by the comparison to the non-treated Ischemic group. Our study shows that the combination of Eucalyptus and Candesartan could decrease ischemic brain injury and improve neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Trabolsi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (C.T.); (W.T.C.)
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, Physiotoxicity (PhyTox), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon
| | - Wafaa Takash Chamoun
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (C.T.); (W.T.C.)
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Plateforme de recherche et d’analyse en sciences de l’environnement (EDST-PRASE), Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon;
| | - Cendrine Nicoletti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France;
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France;
| | - Mohamad Nasser
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, Physiotoxicity (PhyTox), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon
- Plateforme de recherche et d’analyse en sciences de l’environnement (EDST-PRASE), Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon;
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Tejeda-Bayron FA, Rivera-Aponte DE, Malpica-Nieves CJ, Maldonado-Martínez G, Maldonado HM, Skatchkov SN, Eaton MJ. Activation of Glutamate Transporter-1 (GLT-1) Confers Sex-Dependent Neuroprotection in Brain Ischemia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010076. [PMID: 33429955 PMCID: PMC7827447 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability. During ischemic stroke, glutamate is released, reuptake processes are impaired, and glutamate promotes excitotoxic neuronal death. Astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) is the major transporter responsible for removing excess glutamate from the extracellular space. A translational activator of GLT-1, LDN/OSU 0212320 (LDN) has been previously developed with beneficial outcomes in epileptic animal models but has never been tested as a potential therapeutic for ischemic strokes. The present study evaluated the effects of LDN on stroke-associated brain injury. Male and female mice received LDN or vehicle 24 h before or 2 h after focal ischemia was induced in the sensorimotor cortex. Sensorimotor performance was determined using the Rung Ladder Walk and infarct area was assessed using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Males treated with LDN exhibited upregulated GLT-1 protein levels, significantly smaller infarct size, and displayed better sensorimotor performance in comparison to those treated with vehicle only. In contrast, there was no upregulation of GLT-1 protein levels and no difference in infarct size or sensorimotor performance between vehicle- and LDN-treated females. Taken together, our results indicate that the GLT-1 translational activator LDN improved stroke outcomes in young adult male, but not female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia A. Tejeda-Bayron
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA; (F.A.T.-B.); (D.E.R.-A.); (C.J.M.-N.)
| | - David E. Rivera-Aponte
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA; (F.A.T.-B.); (D.E.R.-A.); (C.J.M.-N.)
| | - Christian J. Malpica-Nieves
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA; (F.A.T.-B.); (D.E.R.-A.); (C.J.M.-N.)
| | - Gerónimo Maldonado-Martínez
- School of Chiropractic, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA;
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico—Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00924-2537, USA
| | - Héctor M. Maldonado
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA;
| | - Serguei N. Skatchkov
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA;
| | - Misty J. Eaton
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA; (F.A.T.-B.); (D.E.R.-A.); (C.J.M.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-787-798-3001
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Yang W, Liu X, Song C, Ji S, Yang J, Liu Y, You J, Zhang J, Huang S, Cheng W, Shao Z, Li L, Yang S. Structure-activity relationship studies of phenothiazine derivatives as a new class of ferroptosis inhibitors together with the therapeutic effect in an ischemic stroke model. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 209:112842. [PMID: 33065375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death discovered recently and has been demonstrated to be involved in a number of human diseases such as ischemic stroke. Ferroptosis inhibitors are expected to have potential to treat these diseases. Herein, we report the identification of promethazine derivatives as a new type of ferroptosis inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses led to the discovery of the most potent compound 2-(1-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)ethyl)-10H-phenothiazine (51), which showed an EC50 (half maximal effective concentration) value of 0.0005 μM in the erastin-induced HT1080 cell ferroptosis model. In the MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion) ischemic stroke model, 51 presented an excellent therapeutic effect. This compound also displayed favorable pharmacokinetic properties, in particular, a good ability to permeate the blood-brain barrier. Overall, 51 could be a promising lead compound for the treatment of ferroptosis related diseases and deserves further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; College of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shanxi, 716000, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Sen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing You
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Linli Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Reappraisal of anoxic spreading depolarization as a terminal event during oxygen-glucose deprivation in brain slices in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18970. [PMID: 33149164 PMCID: PMC7643106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoxic spreading depolarization (aSD) has been hypothesized as a terminal event during oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) in submerged cortical slices in vitro. However, mechanical artifacts caused by aSD-triggered edema may introduce error in the assessment of neuronal viability. Here, using continuous patch-clamp recordings from submerged rat cortical slices, we first confirmed that vast majority of L4 neurons permanently lost their membrane potential during OGD-induced aSD. In some recordings, spontaneous transition from whole-cell to out-side out configuration occurred during or after aSD, and only a small fraction of neurons survived aSD with reperfusion started shortly after aSD. Secondly, to minimize artifacts caused by OGD-induced edema, cells were short-term patched following OGD episodes of various duration. Nearly half of L4 cells maintained membrane potential and showed the ability to spike-fire if reperfusion started less than 10 min after aSD. The probability of finding live neurons progressively decreased at longer reperfusion delays at a rate of about 2% per minute. We also found that neurons in L2/3 show nearly threefold higher resistance to OGD than neurons in L4. Our results suggest that in the OGD ischemia model, aSD is not a terminal event, and that the “commitment point” of irreversible damage occurs at variable delays, in the range of tens of minutes, after OGD-induced aSD in submerged cortical slices.
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Goncalves DF, Guzman MS, Gros R, Massensini AR, Bartha R, Prado VF, Prado MAM. Striatal Acetylcholine Helps to Preserve Functional Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Stroke. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091420961612. [PMID: 32967452 PMCID: PMC7521057 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420961612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) has been suggested to facilitate plasticity and
improve functional recovery after different types of brain lesions.
Interestingly, numerous studies have shown that striatal cholinergic
interneurons are relatively resistant to acute ischemic insults, but
whether ACh released by these neurons enhances functional recovery
after stroke is unknown. We investigated the role of endogenous
striatal ACh in stroke lesion volume and functional outcomes following
middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce focal ischemia in
striatum-selective vesicular acetylcholine transporter-deficient mice
(stVAChT-KO). As transporter expression is almost completely
eliminated in the striatum of stVAChT-KO mice, ACh release is nearly
abolished in this area. Conversely, in other brain areas, VAChT
expression and ACh release are preserved. Our results demonstrate a
larger infarct size after ischemic insult in stVAChT-KO mice, with
more pronounced functional impairments and increased mortality than in
littermate controls. These changes are associated with increased
activation of GSK-3, decreased levels of β-catenin, and a higher
permeability of the blood–brain barrier in mice with loss of VAChT in
striatum neurons. These results support a framework in which
endogenous ACh secretion originating from cholinergic interneurons in
the striatum helps to protect brain tissue against ischemia-induced
damage and facilitates brain recovery by supporting blood–brain
barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Goncalves
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Neuroscience Centre, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Monica S Guzman
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Robert Gros
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - André R Massensini
- Neuroscience Centre, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robert Bartha
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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48
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Xie H, Zhang Q, Zhou N, Li C, Yu K, Liu G, Wu J, Jiang C, Hu R, Wu Y. Environmental enrichment enhances post-ischemic cerebral blood flow and functional hyperemia in the ipsilesional somatosensory cortex. Brain Res Bull 2020; 160:91-97. [PMID: 32388014 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment has been reported to promote functional recovery in an ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental enrichment treatment on post-ischemic cerebral blood flow and functional hyperemia in the ipsilesional primary somatosensory cortex of rats. With laser speckle imaging, we were able to monitor the resting cerebral blood flow alteration in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Both 3- and 28-day post-ischemic infarct volumes were then examined with triphenyltetrazolium chloride and cresyl violet staining, respectively. We found that an exposure to environmental enrichment was associated with higher post-ischemic cerebral blood flow and less brain tissue loss in the ipsilesional primary somatosensory cortex compared with the standard cage environment. Furthermore, environmental enrichment also enhanced the cerebral blood flow response to whisker stimulation in the ipsilesional barrel cortex when measured 28 days after the middle cerebral artery occlusion. Together, the data suggested that an exposure to environmental enrichment promoted the restoration of cerebral blood flow in the ipsilesional cortex and contributed to a better coupling between functional activation and cerebral blood flow change, which might be the possible mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of EE after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naiyun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewei Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfa Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congyu Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiping Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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49
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Liu S, Jin R, Wang M, Li G. Nanoparticle Delivery of CD147 Antagonistic Peptide-9 Protects against Acute Ischemic Brain Injury and tPA-Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1976-1985. [PMID: 34124605 PMCID: PMC8195622 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CD147 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in many human diseases. We have demonstrated that inhibition of CD147 using its function-blocking antibody ameliorates acute ischemic brain injury and promotes long-term functional recovery in mice. Recently, peptide-nanoparticle conjugates have emerged as powerful tools for biomedical applications. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of CD147 antagonist peptide-9 (AP9) in acute ischemic stroke in mice using nanomaterial as the drug delivery vehicles. AP9-conjugated nanoparticles (APN), with an average size of about 40 nm, were fabricated by maleimide linkage and characterized using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. We found that APN specifically bound to CD147 in cultured mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) and to ischemia-induced CD147 in mouse cerebral microvessels. Using a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), we demonstrated, for the first time, that systemic delivery of APN (2.5 mg/kg, I.V.) initiated at 1 h after tMCAO significantly reduced brain infarct size, improved functional outcome, and attenuated delayed (5 h after tMCAO) tPA-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. These protective effects were associated with profound inhibition of MMP-9 and MMP-3 in both ischemic brain and plasma. In conclusion, the CD147 antagonist peptide-9 represents a potentially promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State, University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State, University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State, University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State, University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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50
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Kadri S, El Ayed M, Limam F, Aouani E, Mokni M. Preventive and curative effects of grape seed powder on stroke using in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109990. [PMID: 32070874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a worldwide concern. Many studies pointed out relevant preventive effect of grape seed powder (GSP) against deleterious brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but curative effect has been scarcely approached. The present work aimed at studying the preventive and curative effect of GSP against stroke using in-vitro and in-vivo models. Primary neuron-astrocyte cocultures were used to evaluate in-vitro GSP protective and curative effect on oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD). A murine I/R model, in which GSP was administered as delayed post stroke drug, to evaluate its potential clinically translatable therapy was used and behavioral tests were conducted after 15 days. Ultra-structure of hippocampus dentate gyrus using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was also undertaken. GSP prevented OGD-induced toxicity and cell death in a dose dependent manner and was neuroprotective as assessed by sustained cell viability (70 % ±1 for OGD + GSP and 37 % ±2 for OGD) and modulated cytokines and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. GSP also promoted behavioral outcomes by increasing step-down inhibitory time from 17s±4 to 50s±11 and rat overall activities by improving scores in open field test to near control level. Furthermore, GSP protected hippocampus dentate gyrus area from I/R-induced drastic alterations as assessed by reduced autophagic vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwen Kadri
- Bioactive Substances Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Technopolis Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed El Ayed
- Bioactive Substances Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Technopolis Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Limam
- Bioactive Substances Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Technopolis Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ezzedine Aouani
- Bioactive Substances Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Technopolis Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Meherzia Mokni
- Bioactive Substances Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Technopolis Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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