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Pizzella A, Penna E, Abate N, Frenna E, Canafoglia L, Ragona F, Russo R, Chambery A, Perrone-Capano C, Cappello S, Crispino M, Di Giaimo R. Pathological Deficit of Cystatin B Impairs Synaptic Plasticity in EPM1 Human Cerebral Organoids. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4318-4334. [PMID: 38087165 PMCID: PMC11236866 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cystatin B (CSTB) is a small protease inhibitor protein being involved in cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Loss-of-function mutations in CSTB gene cause progressive myoclonic epilepsy 1 (EPM1). We previously demonstrated that CSTB is locally synthesized in synaptic nerve terminals from rat brain and secreted into the media, indicating its role in synaptic plasticity. In this work, we have further investigated the involvement of CSTB in synaptic plasticity, using synaptosomes from human cerebral organoids (hCOs) as well as from rodents' brain. Our data demonstrate that CSTB is released from synaptosomes in two ways: (i) as a soluble protein and (ii) in extracellular vesicles-mediated pathway. Synaptosomes isolated from hCOs are enriched in pre-synaptic proteins and contain CSTB at all developmental stages analyzed. CSTB presence in the synaptic territories was also confirmed by immunostaining on human neurons in vitro. To investigate if the depletion of CSTB affects synaptic plasticity, we characterized the synaptosomes from EPM1 hCOs. We found that the levels of presynaptic proteins and of an initiation factor linked to local protein synthesis were both reduced in EPM1 hCOs and that the extracellular vesicles trafficking pathway was impaired. Moreover, EPM1 neurons displayed anomalous morphology with longer and more branched neurites bearing higher number of intersections and nodes, suggesting connectivity alterations. In conclusion, our data strengthen the idea that CSTB plays a critical role in the synapse physiology and reveal that pathologically low levels of CSTB may affect synaptic plasticity, leading to synaptopathy and altered neuronal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Pizzella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Natalia Abate
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Frenna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Integrated Diagnostics for Epilepsy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragona
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cappello
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Ibrahim MJ, Baiju V, Sen S, Chandran PP, Ashraf GM, Haque S, Ahmad F. Utilities of Isolated Nerve Terminals in Ex Vivo Analyses of Protein Translation in (Patho)physiological Brain States: Focus on Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:91-103. [PMID: 37582987 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Synapses are the cellular substrates of higher-order brain functions, and their dysfunction is an early and primary pathogenic mechanism across several neurological disorders. In particular, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is categorized by prodromal structural and functional synaptic deficits, prior to the advent of classical behavioral and pathological features. Recent research has shown that the development, maintenance, and plasticity of synapses depend on localized protein translation. Synaptosomes and synaptoneurosomes are biochemically isolated synaptic terminal preparations which have long been used to examine a variety of synaptic processes ex vivo in both healthy and pathological conditions. These ex vivo preparations preserve the mRNA species and the protein translational machinery. Hence, they are excellent in organello tools for the study of alterations in mRNA levels and protein translation in neuropathologies. Evaluation of synapse-specific basal and activity-driven de novo protein translation activity can be conveniently performed in synaptosomal/synaptoneurosomal preparations from both rodent and human brain tissue samples. This review gives a quick overview of the methods for isolating synaptosomes and synaptoneurosomes before discussing the studies that have utilized these preparations to study localized synapse-specific protein translation in (patho)physiological situations, with an emphasis on AD. While the review is not an exhaustive accumulation of all the studies evaluating synaptic protein translation using the synaptosomal model, the aim is to assemble the most relevant studies that have done so. The hope is to provide a suitable research platform to aid neuroscientists to utilize the synaptosomal/synaptoneurosomal models to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of synaptic dysfunction within the specific confines of mRNA localization and protein translation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jasim Ibrahim
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, 632014
| | - Viswanath Baiju
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, 632014
| | - Shivam Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, 632014
| | - Pranav Prathapa Chandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, 632014
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University City, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, 632014.
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3
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Cavaliere G, Catapano A, Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Penna E, Pizzella A, Cristiano C, Lama A, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Butyrate Improves Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Impairment in Cerebral Cortex and Synaptic Fraction in an Animal Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010004. [PMID: 36670866 PMCID: PMC9854835 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by cognitive impairment and behavioural abnormalities. The incidence of NDDs in recent years has increased globally and the pathological mechanism is not fully understood. To date, plentiful evidence has showed that metabolic alterations associated with obesity and related issues such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may represent an important risk factor, linking obesity and NDDs. Numerous studies have indicated a correlation between diet and brain activities. In this context, a key role is played by mitochondria located in the synaptic fraction; indeed, it has been shown that high-fat diets cause their dysfunction, affecting synaptic plasticity. In this scenario, the use of natural molecules that improve brain mitochondrial function represents an important therapeutic approach to treat NDDs. Recently, it was demonstrated that butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid is capable of counteracting obesity in an animal model, modulating mitochondrial function. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the effects of butyrate on neuroinflammatory state, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain cortex and in the synaptic fraction of a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Our data have shown that butyrate partially reverts neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain cortex and synaptic area, improving mitochondrial function and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Pizzella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679-990
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4
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Perrone-Capano C, Volpicelli F, Penna E, Chun JT, Crispino M. Presynaptic protein synthesis and brain plasticity: From physiology to neuropathology. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 202:102051. [PMID: 33845165 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To form and maintain extremely intricate and functional neural circuitry, mammalian neurons are typically endowed with highly arborized dendrites and a long axon. The synapses that link neurons to neurons or to other cells are numerous and often too remote for the cell body to make and deliver new proteins to the right place in time. Moreover, synapses undergo continuous activity-dependent changes in their number and strength, establishing the basis of neural plasticity. The innate dilemma is then how a highly complex neuron provides new proteins for its cytoplasmic periphery and individual synapses to support synaptic plasticity. Here, we review a growing body of evidence that local protein synthesis in discrete sites of the axon and presynaptic terminals plays crucial roles in synaptic plasticity, and that deregulation of this local translation system is implicated in various pathologies of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Jong Tai Chun
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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5
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Di Giaimo R, Penna E, Pizzella A, Cirillo R, Perrone-Capano C, Crispino M. Cross Talk at the Cytoskeleton-Plasma Membrane Interface: Impact on Neuronal Morphology and Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239133. [PMID: 33266269 PMCID: PMC7730950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton and its associated proteins present at the plasma membrane not only determine the cell shape but also modulate important aspects of cell physiology such as intracellular transport including secretory and endocytic pathways. Continuous remodeling of the cell structure and intense communication with extracellular environment heavily depend on interactions between cytoskeletal elements and plasma membrane. This review focuses on the plasma membrane-cytoskeleton interface in neurons, with a special emphasis on the axon and nerve endings. We discuss the interaction between the cytoskeleton and membrane mainly in two emerging topics of neurobiology: (i) production and release of extracellular vesicles and (ii) local synthesis of new proteins at the synapses upon signaling cues. Both of these events contribute to synaptic plasticity. Our review provides new insights into the physiological and pathological significance of the cytoskeleton-membrane interface in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Giaimo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Amelia Pizzella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Raffaella Cirillo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.D.G.); (M.C.)
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6
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Cefaliello C, Penna E, Barbato C, Di Ruberto G, Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Cigliano L, Borsello T, Chun JT, Giuditta A, Perrone-Capano C, Miniaci MC, Crispino M. Deregulated Local Protein Synthesis in the Brain Synaptosomes of a Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1529-1541. [PMID: 31784883 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While protein synthesis in neurons is largely attributed to cell body and dendrites, the capability of synaptic regions to synthesize new proteins independently of the cell body has been widely demonstrated as an advantageous mechanism subserving synaptic plasticity. Thus, the contribution that local protein synthesis at synapses makes to physiology and pathology of brain plasticity may be more prevalent than initially thought. In this study, we tested if local protein synthesis at synapses is deregulated in the brains of TgCRND8 mice, an animal model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) overexpressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP). To this end, we used synaptosomes as a model system to study the functionality of the synaptic regions in mouse brains. Our results showed that, while TgCRND8 mice exhibit early signs of brain inflammation and deficits in learning, the electrophoretic profile of newly synthesized proteins in their synaptosomes was subtly different from that of the control mice. Interestingly, APP itself was, in part, locally synthesized in the synaptosomes, underscoring the potential importance of local translation at synapses. More importantly, after the contextual fear conditioning, de novo synthesis of some individual proteins was significantly enhanced in the synaptosomes of control animals, but the TgCRND8 mice failed to display such synaptic modulation by training. Taken together, our results demonstrate that synaptic synthesis of proteins is impaired in the brain of a mouse model for AD, and raise the possibility that this deregulation may contribute to the early progression of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cefaliello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,current address: Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Giuditta
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso," CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Miniaci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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7
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Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, Penna E, Cimmino F, Pirozzi C, Lama A, Annunziata C, Catapano A, Mattace Raso G, Meli R, Monda M, Messina G, Zammit C, Crispino M, Mollica MP. High-Fat Diet Induces Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Impairment in Mice Cerebral Cortex and Synaptic Fraction. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:509. [PMID: 31798417 PMCID: PMC6861522 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the development of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria specifically located at synapses play a key role in providing energy to support synaptic functions and plasticity, thus their defects may lead to synaptic failure, which is a common hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. High-Fat Diet (HFD) consumption increases brain oxidative stress and impairs brain mitochondrial functions, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of our study is to analyze neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunctions in brain cortex and synaptosomal fraction isolated from a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into two groups fed a standard diet or HFD for 18 weeks. At the end of the treatment, inflammation (detected by ELISA), antioxidant state (measured by enzymatic activity), mitochondrial functions and efficiency (detected by oxidative capacity and Seahorse analysis), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway (analyzed by western blot) were determined in brain cortex and synaptosomal fraction. In HFD animals, we observed an increase in inflammatory parameters and oxidative stress and a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative capacity both in the brain cortex and synaptosomal fraction. These alterations parallel with modulation of BDNF, a brain key signaling molecule that is linking synaptic plasticity and energy metabolism. Neuroinflammation HFD-dependent negatively affects BDNF pathway and mitochondrial activity in the brain cortex. The effect is even more pronounced in the synaptic region, where the impaired energy supply may have a negative impact on neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Christian Zammit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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8
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Penna E, Cerciello A, Chambery A, Russo R, Cernilogar FM, Pedone EM, Perrone-Capano C, Cappello S, Di Giaimo R, Crispino M. Cystatin B Involvement in Synapse Physiology of Rodent Brains and Human Cerebral Organoids. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:195. [PMID: 31467503 PMCID: PMC6707391 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystatin B (CSTB) is a ubiquitous protein belonging to a superfamily of protease inhibitors. CSTB may play a critical role in brain physiology because its mutations cause progressive myoclonic epilepsy-1A (EPM1A), the most common form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of CSTB in the central nervous system (CNS) are largely unknown. To investigate the possible involvement of CSTB in the synaptic plasticity, we analyzed its expression in synaptosomes as a model system in studying the physiology of the synaptic regions of the CNS. We found that CSTB is not only present in the synaptosomes isolated from rat and mouse brain cortex, but also secreted into the medium in a depolarization-controlled manner. In addition, using biorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) procedure, we demonstrated, for the first time, that CSTB is locally synthesized in the synaptosomes. The synaptic localization of CSTB was confirmed in a human 3D model of cortical development, namely cerebral organoids. Altogether, these results suggest that CSTB may play a role in the brain plasticity and open a new perspective in studying the involvement of CSTB deregulation in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Cerciello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Filippo M Cernilogar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Emilia Maria Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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9
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Cefaliello C, Eyman M, Melck D, De Stefano R, Ferrara E, Crispino M, Giuditta A. Brain synaptosomes harbor more than one cytoplasmic system of protein synthesis. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1573-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Eyman
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Dominique Melck
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | | | - Eugenia Ferrara
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Antonio Giuditta
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
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10
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Bruno AP, Cefaliello C, D'Auria R, Crispino M, Rosati A, Giuditta A, Nori SL. BAG3 mRNA is present in synaptosomal polysomes of rat brain. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1357. [PMID: 24675892 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Giuditta
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Lucia Nori
- Neuroscience Section; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Salerno, Italy
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11
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Crispino M, Chun JT, Cefaliello C, Perrone Capano C, Giuditta A. Local gene expression in nerve endings. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 74:279-91. [PMID: 23853157 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
At the Nobel lecture for physiology in 1906, Ramón y Cajal famously stated that "the nerve elements possess reciprocal relationships in contiguity but not in continuity," summing up the neuron doctrine. Sixty years later, by the time the central dogma of molecular biology formulated the axis of genetic information flow from DNA to mRNA, and then to protein, it became obvious that neurons with extensive ramifications and long axons inevitably incur an innate problem: how can the effect of gene expression be extended from the nucleus to the remote and specific sites of the cell periphery? The most straightforward solution would be to deliver soma-produced proteins to the target sites. The influential discovery of axoplasmic flow has supported this scheme of protein supply. Alternatively, mRNAs can be dispatched instead of protein, and translated locally at the strategic target sites. Over the past decades, such a local system of protein synthesis has been demonstrated in dendrites, axons, and presynaptic terminals. Moreover, the local protein synthesis in neurons might even involve intercellular trafficking of molecules. The innovative concept of glia-neuron unit suggests that the local protein synthesis in the axonal and presynaptic domain of mature neurons is sustained by a local supply of RNAs synthesized in the surrounding glial cells and transferred to these domains. Here, we have reviewed some of the evidence indicating the presence of a local system of protein synthesis in axon terminals, and have examined its regulation in various model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Eyman M, Cefaliello C, Mandile P, Piscopo S, Crispino M, Giuditta A. Training old rats selectively modulates synaptosomal protein synthesis. J Neurosci Res 2012; 91:20-9. [PMID: 23086702 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the local synthesis of two synaptic proteins of 66.5-kDa and 87.6-kDa is selectively enhanced in male adult rats trained for a two-way active avoidance task. We report here that a comparable but not identical response occurs in 2-year-old male rats trained for the same task. In the latter age group, the local synthesis of the 66.5-kDa protein markedly increases in cerebral cortex, brainstem, and cerebellum, with a somewhat lower increment in synthesis of the 87.6-kDa protein. On the other hand, the newly synthesized 87.6-kDa protein correlates with avoidances and escapes and inversely correlates with freezings in cerebral cortex and brainstem, whereas the correlations of the newly synthesized 66.5-kDa protein remain below significance. These correlative patterns are sharply at variance with those present in trained adult rats. Our data confirm that the local system of synaptic protein synthesis is selectively modulated by training and show that the synaptic response of old rats differs from that of adult rats as reflected in behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eyman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Eyman M, Cefaliello C, Bruno A, Crispino M, Giuditta A. Synaptosomal protein synthesis in P2 and Ficoll purified fractions. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 203:335-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Crispino M, Cefaliello C, Kaplan B, Giuditta A. Protein synthesis in nerve terminals and the glia-neuron unit. Results Probl Cell Differ 2010; 48:243-67. [PMID: 19554280 DOI: 10.1007/400_2009_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The progressive philogenetic lengthening of axonal processes and the increase in complexity of terminal axonal arborizations markedly augmented the demands of the neuronal cytoplasmic mass on somatic gene expression. It is proposed that in an adaptive response to this challenge, novel gene expression functions developed in the axon compartment, consisting of axonal and presynaptic translation systems that rely on the delivery of transcripts synthesized in adjacent glial cells. Such intercellular mode of gene expression would allow more rapid plastic changes to occur in spatially restricted neuronal domains, down to the size of individual synapses. The cell body contribution to local gene expression in well-differentiated neurons remains to be defined. The history of this concept and the experimental evidence supporting its validity are critically discussed in this article. The merit of this perspective lies with the recognition that plasticity events represent a major occurrence in the brain, and that they largely occur at synaptic sites, including presynaptic endings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Westmark PR, Westmark CJ, Wang S, Levenson J, O'Riordan KJ, Burger C, Malter JS. Pin1 and PKMzeta sequentially control dendritic protein synthesis. Sci Signal 2010; 3:ra18. [PMID: 20215645 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Some forms of learning and memory and their electrophysiologic correlate, long-term potentiation (LTP), require dendritic translation. We demonstrate that Pin1 (protein interacting with NIMA 1), a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, is present in dendritic spines and shafts and inhibits protein synthesis induced by glutamatergic signaling. Pin1 suppression increased dendritic translation, possibly through eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and eIF4E binding proteins 1 and 2 (4E-BP1/2). Consistent with increased protein synthesis, hippocampal slices from Pin(-/-) mice had normal early LTP (E-LTP) but significantly enhanced late LTP (L-LTP) compared to wild-type controls. Protein kinase C zeta (PKCzeta) and protein kinase M zeta (PKMzeta) were increased in Pin1(-/-) mouse brain, and their activity was required to maintain dendritic translation. PKMzeta interacted with and inhibited Pin1 by phosphorylating serine 16. Therefore, glutamate-induced, dendritic protein synthesis is sequentially regulated by Pin1 and PKMzeta signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R Westmark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Waisman Center for Developmental Disabilities, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Ferrara E, Cefaliello C, Eyman M, De Stefano R, Giuditta A, Crispino M. Synaptic mRNAs are modulated by learning. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:1960-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Luchessi AD, Cambiaghi TD, Alves AS, Parreiras-E-Silva LT, Britto LRG, Costa-Neto CM, Curi R. Insights on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in the brain and aging. Brain Res 2008; 1228:6-13. [PMID: 18606156 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term memory, a persistent form of synaptic plasticity, requires translation of a subset of mRNA present in neuronal dendrites during a short and critical period through a mechanism not yet fully elucidated. Western blotting analysis revealed a high content of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in the brain of neonatal rats, a period of intense neurogenesis rate, differentiation and synaptic establishment, when compared to adult rats. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that eIF5A is present in the whole brain of adult rats showing a variable content among the cells from different areas (e.g. cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum). A high content of eIF5A in the soma and dendrites of Purkinje cells, key neurons in the control of motor long-term memory in the cerebellum, was observed. Detection of high eIF5A content was revealed in dendritic varicosities of Purkinje cells. Evidence is presented herein that a reduction of eIF5A content is associated to brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto D Luchessi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Giuditta A, Tai Chun J, Eyman M, Cefaliello C, Bruno AP, Crispino M. Local Gene Expression in Axons and Nerve Endings: The Glia-Neuron Unit. Physiol Rev 2008; 88:515-55. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00051.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons have complex and often extensively elongated processes. This unique cell morphology raises the problem of how remote neuronal territories are replenished with proteins. For a long time, axonal and presynaptic proteins were thought to be exclusively synthesized in the cell body, which delivered them to peripheral sites by axoplasmic transport. Despite this early belief, protein has been shown to be synthesized in axons and nerve terminals, substantially alleviating the trophic burden of the perikaryon. This observation raised the question of the cellular origin of the peripheral RNAs involved in protein synthesis. The synthesis of these RNAs was initially attributed to the neuron soma almost by default. However, experimental data and theoretical considerations support the alternative view that axonal and presynaptic RNAs are also transcribed in the flanking glial cells and transferred to the axon domain of mature neurons. Altogether, these data suggest that axons and nerve terminals are served by a distinct gene expression system largely independent of the neuron cell body. Such a local system would allow the neuron periphery to respond promptly to environmental stimuli. This view has the theoretical merit of extending to axons and nerve terminals the marginalized concept of a glial supply of RNA (and protein) to the neuron cell body. Most long-term plastic changes requiring de novo gene expression occur in these domains, notably in presynaptic endings, despite their intrinsic lack of transcriptional capacity. This review enlightens novel perspectives on the biology and pathobiology of the neuron by critically reviewing these issues.
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Mariucci G, Tantucci M, Giuditta A, Ambrosini MV. Permanent brain ischemia induces marked increments in hsp72 expression and local protein synthesis in synapses of the ischemic hemisphere. Neurosci Lett 2007; 415:77-80. [PMID: 17240064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient focal ischemia induced in rat brain by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo) elicits a generalized induction of the 72 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp72) heralding functional recovery. As this effect implies activation of protein synthesis, and local systems of protein synthesis are present in brain synapses, and may be analyzed in preparations of brain synaptosomes, we evaluated hsp72 expression and protein synthesis in synaptosomal fractions of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) subjected to permanent MCAo. SHRs were randomly divided in ischemics and sham controls, anaesthesia controls and passive controls. Focal ischemia was induced under chloral hydrate anaesthesia by unilateral permanent MCAo. Protein synthesis was determined by [35S]methionine incorporation into synaptosomal proteins from ischemic and contralateral cortex/striatum, and from cerebellum. Hsp72 expression was measured in the same fractions by immunoblotting. Our data demonstrate that under these conditions synaptic hsp72 markedly increases in the ischemic hemisphere 1 and 2 days after MCAo, progressively declining in the following 2 days, while no significant change occurs in control rats. In addition, in the ischemic hemisphere the rate of synaptic protein synthesis increases more than two-fold between 1 and 4 days after MCAo, without showing signs of an impending decline. The present data provide the first demonstration that synaptic protein synthesis is massively involved in brain plastic events elicited by permanent focal ischemia.
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