1
|
Abramov T, Suwansa-ard S, da Silva PM, Wang T, Dove M, O’Connor W, Parker L, Russell FD, Lovejoy DA, Cummins SF, Elizur A. A novel role for Teneurin C-terminal Associated Peptide (TCAP) in the regulation of cardiac activity in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1020368. [PMID: 36814576 PMCID: PMC9939839 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP) is an ancient bioactive peptide that is highly conserved in metazoans. TCAP administration reduces cellular and behavioural stress in vertebrate and urochordate models, yet despite numerous studies in higher animals, there is limited knowledge of its role in invertebrates. In particular, there are no studies on TCAP's effects on the heart of any metazoan, which is a critical organ in the stress response. We used the Sydney rock oyster (SRO) as an invertebrate model to investigate a potential role for sroTCAP in regulating cardiac activity, including during stress. sroTCAP is localized to the neural innervation network of the SRO heart, and suggested binding with various heart proteins related to metabolism and stress, including SOD, GAPDH and metabotropic glutamate receptor. Intramuscular injection of sroTCAP (10 pmol) significantly altered the expression of heart genes that are known to regulate remodelling processes under different conditions, and modulated several gene families responsible for stress mitigation. sroTCAP (1 and 10 pmol) was shown to cause transient bradycardia (heart rate was reduced by up to 63% and for up to 40 min post-administration), indicative of an unstressed state. In summary, this study has established a role for a TCAP in the regulation of cardiac activity through modulation of physiological and molecular components associated with energy conservation, stress and adaptation. This represents a novel function for TCAP and may have implications for higher-order metazoans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Abramov
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Saowaros Suwansa-ard
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Invertebrate Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Dove
- New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute Taylors Beach, Port Stephens NSW, Australia
| | - Wayne O’Connor
- New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute Taylors Beach, Port Stephens NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Parker
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Fraser D. Russell
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - David A. Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott F. Cummins
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hogg DW, Casatti CC, Belsham DD, Baršytė-Lovejoy D, Lovejoy DA. Distal extracellular teneurin region (teneurin C-terminal associated peptide; TCAP) possesses independent intracellular calcium regulating actions, in vitro: A potential antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
3
|
Dodsworth TL, Lovejoy DA. Role of Teneurin C-Terminal Associated Peptides (TCAP) on Intercellular Adhesion and Communication. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:868541. [PMID: 35585927 PMCID: PMC9108700 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.868541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAP) are encoded by the terminal exon of all metazoan teneurin genes. Evidence supports the liberation of a soluble TCAP peptide either by proteolytic cleavage from the mature transmembrane teneurin protein or by a separately transcribed mRNA. Synthetic versions of TCAP, based on its genomic structure, are efficacious at regulating intercellular communication by promoting neurite outgrowth and increasing dendritic spine density in vitro and in vivo in rodent models. This is achieved through cytoskeletal re-arrangement and metabolic upregulation. The putative receptors for TCAPs are the latrophilin (LPHN) family of adhesion G-protein coupled receptors, which facilitate TCAP’s actions through G-proteins associated with cAMP and calcium-regulating signalling pathways. The teneurin/TCAP and latrophilin genes are phylogenetically ancient, likely serving primitive functions in cell adhesion and energy regulation which have been since adapted for a more complex role in synaptogenesis in vertebrate nervous systems.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abramov T, Suwansa-ard S, da Silva PM, Wang T, Dove M, O’Connor W, Parker L, Lovejoy DA, Cummins SF, Elizur A. Teneurin and TCAP Phylogeny and Physiology: Molecular Analysis, Immune Activity, and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Stress Response in the Sydney Rock Oyster ( Saccostrea glomerata) Hemocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:891714. [PMID: 35784537 PMCID: PMC9248207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.891714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP) is an ancient bioactive peptide that is highly conserved in metazoans. TCAP administration reduces cellular and behavioral stress in vertebrate and urochordate models. There is little information for invertebrates regarding the existence or function of a TCAP. This study used the Sydney rock oyster (SRO) as a molluscan model to characterize an invertebrate TCAP, from molecular gene analysis to its physiological effects associated with hemocyte phagocytosis. We report a single teneurin gene (and 4 teneurin splice variants), which encodes a precursor with TCAP that shares a vertebrate-like motif, and is similar to that of other molluscan classes (gastropod, cephalopod), arthropods and echinoderms. TCAP was identified in all SRO tissues using western blotting at 1-2 different molecular weights (~22 kDa and ~37kDa), supporting precursor cleavage variation. In SRO hemolymph, TCAP was spatially localized to the cytosol of hemocytes, and with particularly high density immunoreactivity in granules. Based on 'pull-down' assays, the SRO TCAP binds to GAPDH, suggesting that TCAP may protect cells from apoptosis under oxidative stress. Compared to sham injection, the intramuscular administration of TCAP (5 pmol) into oysters modulated their immune system by significantly reducing hemocyte phagocytosis under stress conditions (low salinity and high temperature). TCAP administration also significantly reduced hemocyte reactive oxygen species production at ambient conditions and after 48 h stress, compared to sham injection. Transcriptomic hemocyte analysis of stressed oysters administered with TCAP demonstrated significant changes in expression of genes associated with key metabolic, protective and immune functions. In summary, this study established a role for TCAP in oysters through modulation of physiological and molecular functions associated with energy conservation, stress and cellular defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Abramov
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Saowaros Suwansa-ard
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Invertebrate Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Dove
- New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, João Pessoa, Para´ıba, Taylors Beach, NSW, Australia
| | - Wayne O’Connor
- New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, João Pessoa, Para´ıba, Taylors Beach, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Parker
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - David A. Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott F. Cummins
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Abigail Elizur,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teneurins: Role in Cancer and Potential Role as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Targets for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052321. [PMID: 33652578 PMCID: PMC7956758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Teneurins have been identified in vertebrates as four different genes (TENM1-4), coding for membrane proteins that are mainly involved in embryonic and neuronal development. Genetic studies have correlated them with various diseases, including developmental problems, neurological disorders and congenital general anosmia. There is some evidence to suggest their possible involvement in cancer initiation and progression, and drug resistance. Indeed, mutations, chromosomal alterations and the deregulation of teneurins expression have been associated with several tumor types and patient survival. However, the role of teneurins in cancer-related regulatory networks is not fully understood, as both a tumor-suppressor role and pro-tumoral functions have been proposed, depending on tumor histotype. Here, we summarize and discuss the literature data on teneurins expression and their potential role in different tumor types, while highlighting the possibility of using teneurins as novel molecular diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as targets for cancer treatments, such as immunotherapy, in some tumors.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lovejoy DA, Hogg DW. Information Processing in Affective Disorders: Did an Ancient Peptide Regulating Intercellular Metabolism Become Co‐Opted for Noxious Stress Sensing? Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000039. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H4 Canada
| | - David W. Hogg
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hogg DW, Husić M, Wosnick D, Dodsworth T, D'Aquila AL, Lovejoy DA. Activity of the Carboxy-Terminal Peptide Region of the Teneurins and Its Role in Neuronal Function and Behavior in Mammals. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:581. [PMID: 31417336 PMCID: PMC6685443 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAPs) are an evolutionarily ancient family of 40- to 41-residue bioactive peptides located on the extracellular end of each of the four teneurin transmembrane proteins. TCAP-1 may exist as a tethered peptide at the teneurin-1 carboxy end or as an independent peptide that is either released via post-transcriptional cleavage from its teneurin-1 pro-protein or independently expressed as its own mRNA. In neurons, soluble TCAP-1 acts as a paracrine factor to regulate cellular activity and neuroplastic interactions. In vitro studies indicate that, by itself, synthetic TCAP-1 promotes neuron growth and protects cells from chemical insult. In vivo, TCAP-1 increases hippocampal neuron spine density, reduces stress-induced behavior and ablates cocaine-seeking behaviors. Together, these studies suggest that the physiological effects of TCAP-1 are a result of an inhibition of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activity leading to increased energy production. This hypothesis is supported by in vivo functional positron emissions tomography studies, which demonstrate that TCAP-1 significantly increases glucose uptake in rat brain. Complimentary in vitro studies show that enhanced glucose uptake is the result of TCAP-1-induced insertion of the glucose transporter into the neuronal plasma membrane, leading to increased glucose uptake and ATP production. Interestingly, TCAP-1-mediated glucose uptake occurs through a novel insulin-independent pathway. This review will focus on examining the role of TCAP on neuronal energy metabolism in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Hogg
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mia Husić
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Wosnick
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Dodsworth
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea L D'Aquila
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tessarin GWL, Michalec OM, Torres-da-Silva KR, Da Silva AV, Cruz-Rizzolo RJ, Gonçalves A, Gasparini DC, Horta-Júnior JAC, Ervolino E, Bittencourt JC, Lovejoy DA, Casatti CA. A Putative Role of Teneurin-2 and Its Related Proteins in Astrocytes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:655. [PMID: 31316338 PMCID: PMC6609321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teneurins are type II transmembrane proteins comprised of four phylogenetically conserved homologs (Ten-1-4) that are highly expressed during neurogenesis. An additional bioactive peptide named teneurin C-terminal-associated peptide (TCAP-1-4) is present at the carboxyl terminal of teneurins. The possible correlation between the Ten/TCAP system and brain injuries has not been explored yet. Thus, this study examined the expression of these proteins in the cerebral cortex after mechanical brain injury. Adult rats were subjected to cerebral cortex injury by needle-insertion lesion and sacrificed at various time points. This was followed by analysis of the lesion area by immunohistochemistry and conventional RT-PCR techniques. Control animals (no brain injury) showed only discrete Ten-2-like immunoreactive pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex. In contrast, Ten-2 immunoreactivity was significantly up-regulated in the reactive astrocytes in all brain-injured groups (p < 0.0001) when compared to the control group. Interestingly, reactive astrocytes also showed intense immunoreactivity to LPHN-1, an endogenous receptor for the Ten-2 splice variant named Lasso. Semi-quantitative analysis of Ten-2 and TCAP-2 expression revealed significant increases of both at 48 h, 3 days and 5 days (p < 0.0001) after brain injury compared to the remaining groups. Immortalized cerebellar astrocytes were also evaluated for Ten/TCAP expression and intracellular calcium signaling by fluorescence microscopy after TCAP-1 treatment. Immortalized astrocytes expressed additional Ten/TCAP homologs and exhibited significant increases in intracellular calcium concentrations after TCAP-1 treatment. This study is the first to demonstrate that Ten-2/TCAP-2 and LPHN-1 are upregulated in reactive astrocytes after a mechanical brain injury. Immortalized cerebellar astrocytes expressed Ten/TCAP homologs and TCAP-1 treatment stimulated intracellular calcium signaling. These findings disclose a new functional role of the Ten/TCAP system in astrocytes during tissue repair of the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gestter W L Tessarin
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ola M Michalec
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly R Torres-da-Silva
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - André V Da Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Três Lagoas, Brazil
| | - Roelf J Cruz-Rizzolo
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Alaide Gonçalves
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Gasparini
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - José A C Horta-Júnior
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Jackson C Bittencourt
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David A Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cláudio A Casatti
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jung YH, Kim H, Jeon SY, Kwon JM, Lee WJ, Kim YC, Jang JH, Choi SH, Lee JY, Kang DH. Brain Metabolites and Peripheral Biomarkers Associated with Neuroinflammation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Using [11C]-(R)-PK11195 Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study. PAIN MEDICINE 2018; 20:504-514. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ha Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Kwon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Joon Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine & SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hogg DW, Chen Y, D'Aquila AL, Xu M, Husić M, Tan LA, Bull C, Lovejoy DA. A novel role of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone regulating peptide, teneurin C-terminal associated peptide 1, on glucose uptake into the brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12579. [PMID: 29411913 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP) is an ancient paracrine signalling agent that evolved via lateral gene transfer from prokaryotes into an early metazoan ancestor. Although it bears structural similarity to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), it inhibits the in vivo actions of CRH. The TCAPs are highly expressed in neurones, where they induce rapid cytoskeletal rearrangement and are neuroprotective. Because these processes are highly energy-dependent, this suggests that TCAP has the potential to regulate glucose uptake because glucose is the primary energy substrate in brain, and neurones require a steady supply to meet the high metabolic demands of neuronal communication. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the effect of TCAP-mediated glucose uptake in the brain and in neuronal cell models. TCAP-mediated 18 F-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake into brain tissue was assessed in male wild-type Wistar rats by functional positron emission tomography. TCAP-1 increased FDG uptake by over 40% into cortical regions of the brain, demonstrating that TCAP-1 can significantly enhance glucose supply. Importantly, a single nanomolar injection of TCAP-1 increased brain glucose after 3 days and decreased blood glucose after 1 week. This is corroborated by a decreased serum concentration of insulin and an increased serum concentration of glucagon. In immortalised hypothalamic neurones, TCAP-1 increased ATP production and enhanced glucose uptake by increasing glucose transporter recruitment to the plasma membrane likely via AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK phosphorylation events. Taken together, these data demonstrate that TCAP-1 increases glucose metabolism in neurones, and may represent a peptide signalling agent that regulated glucose uptake before insulin and related peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D W Hogg
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A L D'Aquila
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Xu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Husić
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L A Tan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Bull
- Molecular Imaging Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D A Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ferralli J, Tucker RP, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. The teneurin C-terminal domain possesses nuclease activity and is apoptogenic. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/3/bio031765. [PMID: 29555638 PMCID: PMC5898268 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Teneurins are type 2 transmembrane proteins expressed by developing neurons during periods of synaptogenesis and apoptosis. Neurons expressing teneurin-1 synapse with other teneurin-1-expressing neurons, and neurons expressing teneurin-2 synapse with other teneurin-2-expressing neurons. Knockdowns and mutations of teneurins lead to abnormal neuronal connections, but the mechanisms underlying teneurin action remain unknown. Teneurins appear to have evolved via horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotic proteins involved in bacterial self-recognition. The bacterial teneurin-like proteins contain a cytotoxic C-terminal domain that is encapsulated in a tyrosine-aspartic acid repeat barrel. Teneurins are likely to be organized in the same way, but it is unclear if the C-terminal domains of teneurins have cytotoxic properties. Here we show that expression of teneurin C-terminal domains or the addition of purified teneurin C-terminal domains leads to an increase in apoptosis in vitro. The C-terminal domains of teneurins are most similar to bacterial nucleases, and purified C-terminal domains of teneurins linearize pcDNA3 and hydrolyze mitochondrial DNA. We hypothesize that yet to be identified stimuli lead to the release of the encapsulated teneurin C-terminal domain into the intersynaptic region, resulting in programmed cell death or the disruption of mitochondrial DNA and the subsequent pruning of inappropriate contacts. Summary: Teneurins are transmembrane proteins found in the developing nervous system that are related to bacterial toxins. Teneurins also have cytotoxic properties that may help regulate apoptosis or pruning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ferralli
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Richard P Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8643, United States of America
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Torres-da-Silva KR, Tessarin GWL, Dias CA, Guiati IZ, Ervolino E, Gonçalves A, Beneti IM, Lovejoy DA, Casatti CA. Teneurin-2 presence in rat and human odontoblasts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184794. [PMID: 28926618 PMCID: PMC5604987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Teneurins are transmembrane proteins consisting of four paralogues (Ten-1-4), notably expressed in the central nervous system during development. All teneurins contain a bioactive peptide in their carboxyl terminal named teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP). The present study analyzed the detailed distribution of teneurin-2-like immunoreactive (Ten-2-LI) cells in developing and mature rat molar teeth, as well as in mature human dental pulps. Ten-2 and TCAP-2 genic expressions were also evaluated in rat and human dental pulps. Finally, Ten-2-LI cells were analyzed during the repair process after dentin-pulp complex injury in rat lower molar teeth. For this, histological sections of rat molar teeth and human dental pulps were submitted to immunohistochemical techniques, while total RNA from developing rat teeth and mature human dental pulps were submitted to conventional RT-PCR. Ten-2-LI cells were evident in the initial bell stage of rat molar teeth development, especially in ectomesenchymal cells of the dental papilla. Ten-2-LI odontoblasts showed strong immunoreactivity in rat and human mature teeth. Ten-2 and TCAP-2 genic expressions were confirmed in rat and human dental pulps. Dentin-pulp complex injury resulted in a decrease of Ten-2-LI odontoblasts after traumatic injury. Interestingly, Ten-2-LI cells were also evident in the pulp cell-rich zone in all postoperative days. In conclusion, Ten-2-LI presence in rat and human odontoblasts was demonstrated for the first time and Ten-2/TCAP-2 genic expressions were confirmed in rat and human dental pulps. Furthermore, it was revealed that Ten-2-LI rat odontoblasts can be modulated during the regenerative process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Torres-da-Silva
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. W. L. Tessarin
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C. A. Dias
- Basic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I. Z. Guiati
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Basic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. Ervolino
- Basic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. Gonçalves
- Basic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I. M. Beneti
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D. A. Lovejoy
- Cell and Systems Biology Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. A. Casatti
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Basic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alemdar N, Leijten J, Camci-Unal G, Hjortnaes J, Ribas J, Paul A, Mostafalu P, Gaharwar AK, Qiu Y, Sonkusale S, Liao R, Khademhosseini A. Oxygen-Generating Photo-Cross-Linkable Hydrogels Support Cardiac Progenitor Cell Survival by Reducing Hypoxia-Induced Necrosis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:1964-1971. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Alemdar
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences
and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences
and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical
Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences
and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences
and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joao Ribas
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences
and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arghya Paul
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences
and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pooria Mostafalu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer and Engineering, Tufts University, Medford Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences
and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yiling Qiu
- Cardiac Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sameer Sonkusale
- Department
of Electrical and Computer and Engineering, Tufts University, Medford Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Cardiac Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences
and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute
for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Colacci M, De Almeida R, Chand D, Lovejoy SR, Sephton D, Vercaemer B, Lovejoy DA. Characterization of the teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP) in the vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis: A novel peptide system associated with energy metabolism and reproduction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 216:161-70. [PMID: 25687741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis, is a protochordate and is considered a sister lineage to the chordates. The recent sequencing of its genome has made this species a particularly important model to understand the genetic basis of vertebrate evolution. However, C. intestinalis is also a highly invasive species along the Atlantic coast of North America and other regions of the world which have caused considerable economic stress due to its biofouling actions and, in particular, negative impacts on the mussel- and oyster-based aquaculture industry. Despite this background, little is known about C. intestinalis physiology. The teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAP) are a family of highly conserved peptide hormones found in most metazoans. Moreover, these peptides have been implicated in the inhibition of stress and stimulation of feeding-based metabolism. We have, therefore, identified this peptide using an in silico approach and characterized its immunological expression in tissues using a mouse polyclonal antiserum. These data indicate that its primary structure is more similar to invertebrate TCAPs relative to vertebrate TCAPs. Immunological expression indicates that it is highly expressed in the digestive tract and gonads consistent with findings in vertebrates. Synthetic mouse TCAP-1 administered into the brachial basket significantly increases the incidence of non-stress contractile behaviors. These findings support the hypothesis that TCAP is a bioactive peptide in C. intestinalis. Thus, C. intestinalis and tunicates in general may offer a simple model to investigate peptide interaction while providing information on how to control this invasive species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Colacci
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reuben De Almeida
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dhan Chand
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine R Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn Sephton
- Coastal Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Benedikte Vercaemer
- Coastal Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David A Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Woelfle R, D'Aquila AL, Pavlović T, Husić M, Lovejoy DA. Ancient interaction between the teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAP) and latrophilin ligand-receptor coupling: a role in behavior. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:146. [PMID: 25964737 PMCID: PMC4408839 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Teneurins are multifunctional transmembrane proteins that are found in all multicellular animals and exist as four paralogous forms in vertebrates. They are highly expressed in the central nervous system, where they exert their effects, in part, by high-affinity binding to latrophilin (LPHN), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) related to the adhesion and secretin GPCR families. The teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAPs) are encoded by the terminal exon of all four teneurins, where TCAPs 1 and 3 are independently transcribed as soluble peptides, and TCAPs 2 and 4 remain tethered to their teneurin proprotein. Synthetic TCAP-1 interacts with LPHN, with an association with β-dystroglycan, to induce a tissue-dependent signal cascade to modulate cytoskeletal dynamics. TCAP-1 reduces stress-induced behaviors associated with anxiety, addiction and depression in a variety of models, in part, by regulating synaptic plasticity. Therefore, the TCAP-1-teneurin-LPHN interaction represents a novel receptor-ligand model and may represent a key mechanism underlying the association of behavior and neurological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Woelfle
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea L D'Aquila
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Téa Pavlović
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mia Husić
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Protagenic Therapeutics Inc. New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bastías-Candia S, Braidy N, Zolezzi JM, Inestrosa NC. Teneurins and Alzheimer's disease: a suggestive role for a unique family of proteins. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:402-7. [PMID: 25665860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a debilitating age-related disorder characterized by distinct pathological hallmarks, such as progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. During the last few years, several cellular signaling pathways have been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, such as Notch, mTOR and Wnt. However, the potential factors that modulate these pathways and novel molecular mechanisms that might account for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease or for therapy against this disease are still matters of intense research. Teneurins are members of a unique protein system that has recently been proposed as a novel and highly conserved regulatory signaling system in the vertebrate brain, so far related with neurite outgrowth and neuronal matching. The similitude in structure and function of teneurins with other cellular signaling pathways, suggests that they may play a critical role in Alzheimer's disease, either through the modulation of transcription factors due to the nuclear translocation of the teneurins intracellular domain, or through the activity of the corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF)-like peptide sequence, called teneurin C-terminal associated peptide. Moreover, the presence of Ca(2+)-binding motifs within teneurins structure and the Zic2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulation, allows hypothesize a potential crosslink between teneurins and the Wnt signaling pathway, particularly. Herein, we aim to highlight the main characteristics of teneurins and propose, based on current knowledge of this family of proteins, an interesting review of their potential involvement in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sussy Bastías-Candia
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Juan M Zolezzi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chand D, de Lannoy L, Tucker R, Lovejoy DA. Origin of chordate peptides by horizontal protozoan gene transfer in early metazoans and protists: evolution of the teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAP). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 188:144-50. [PMID: 23453965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAP) are found at the extracellular face in C-terminal region of the teneurin transmembrane proteins. One of these peptides, TCAP-1 is independently transcribed as a smaller bioactive peptide that possesses a number of stress response-attenuating activities. The teneurin-TCAP system appears to be the result of a horizontal gene transfer from a prokaryotic proteinaceous polymorphic toxin to a choanoflagellate. In a basal metazoan, the TCAP region has been modified from a toxin to a soluble intercellular signaling system. New studies indicate that the teneurin-TCAP system form a complex signaling system associated with adhesion, cytoskeletal regulation and intracellular signaling. TCAP-1 is highly conserved in all vertebrates and in mammals, inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-associated stress. Using the TCAP-teneurin system as a model, it is likely that numerous peptide systems in the Chordata began as a result of horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes early in metazoan ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhan Chand
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Systems approaches to genomic and epigenetic inter-regulation of peptide hormones in stress and reproduction. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 113:375-86. [PMID: 23500148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of the organismal stress response and fertility are two of the most important aspects that drive the fitness of a species. However, the integrated regulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes has been traditionally thwarted by the complexity of these systems. Pepidergic signalling systems have emerged as critical integrating systems for stress and reproduction. Current high throughput systems approaches are now providing a detailed understanding of peptide signalling in stress and reproduction. These approaches were dependent upon a long history of discovery aimed at the structural characterization of the associated molecular components. The combination of comparative genomics, microarray and epigenetic studies has led not only to a much greater understanding of the integration of stress and reproduction but also to the discovery of novel physiological systems. Recent epigenomic approaches have similarly yielded a new level of complexity in the interaction of these physiological systems. Together, such studies have provided a greater understanding of the effects of stress and reproduction.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tan LA, Chand D, De Almeida R, Xu M, De Lannoy L, Lovejoy DA. Modulation of neuroplastic changes and corticotropin-releasing factor-associated behavior by a phylogenetically ancient and conserved peptide family. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 176:309-13. [PMID: 22138219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The co-evolution of peptides and early cells some 3.7 billion years ago provided bioactive peptides with a long history for the proliferation and refinement of peptide hormones. Central to the adaptation and evolution of cell types in metazoans is the development of peptide signaling systems that regulate stress mechanisms. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides represents the canonical family of peptides that are pivotal to the regulation of stress in vertebrates. However, these peptides appear to have evolved at least 2 billion years after the formation of the first postulated bioactive peptides, suggesting that before this, other peptide systems played a role in stress and energy metabolism. The teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAPs) are a recently discovered family of highly conserved peptides that are processed from the teneurin transmembrane proteins. This peptide/protein system is ubiquitous in multicellular organisms and evolved before the CRF family. TCAP-1 is a potent regulator of CRF-associated physiology and behavior and may play a significant role in the regulation of cell-to-cell communication and neuroplasticity in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Tan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun L, Zhang K, Li J, Liu D, Lu Y, Zhang Z. An impairment of cortical GABAergic neurons is involved in alkalosis-induced brain dysfunctions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:627-31. [PMID: 22369942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Acid-base imbalance leads to pathological cognition and behaviors in the clinical practices. In the comparison with acidosis, the cellular mechanisms underlying alkalosis-induced brain dysfunction remain unclear. By using electrophysiological approach, we investigated the influences of high extracellular pH environment on cortical GABAergic neurons in terms of their responsiveness to synaptic inputs and their ability to produce action potentials. Artificial cerebral spinal fluid in high pH impairs excitatory synaptic transmission and spike initiation in cortical GABAergic neurons. The alkalosis-induced dysfunction of GABAergic neurons is associated with the decrease of receptor responsiveness and the increases of spike refractory periods and threshold potentials. Our studies reveal that alkalosis impairs cortical GABAergic neurons and subsequently deteriorate brain functions. The molecular targets for alkalosis action include glutamate receptor-channels and voltage-gated sodium channels on GABAergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ng T, Chand D, Song L, Al Chawaf A, Watson JD, Boutros PC, Belsham DD, Lovejoy DA. Identification of a novel Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)-inhibitory factor: Regulation of BDNF by Teneurin C-terminal Associated Peptide (TCAP)-1 in immortalized embryonic mouse hypothalamic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 174:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
22
|
Tucker RP, Beckmann J, Leachman NT, Schöler J, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. Phylogenetic analysis of the teneurins: conserved features and premetazoan ancestry. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 29:1019-29. [PMID: 22045996 PMCID: PMC3278476 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Teneurins are type II transmembrane proteins expressed during pattern formation and neurogenesis with an intracellular domain that can be transported to the nucleus and an extracellular domain that can be shed into the extracellular milieu. In Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mouse the knockdown or knockout of teneurin expression can lead to abnormal patterning, defasciculation, and abnormal pathfinding of neurites, and the disruption of basement membranes. Here, we have identified and analyzed teneurins from a broad range of metazoan genomes for nuclear localization sequences, protein interaction domains, and furin cleavage sites and have cloned and sequenced the intracellular domains of human and avian teneurins to analyze alternative splicing. The basic organization of teneurins is highly conserved in Bilateria: all teneurins have epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats, a cysteine-rich domain, and a large region identical in organization to the carboxy-half of prokaryotic YD-repeat proteins. Teneurins were not found in the genomes of sponges, cnidarians, or placozoa, but the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis has a gene encoding a predicted teneurin with a transmembrane domain, EGF repeats, a cysteine-rich domain, and a region homologous to YD-repeat proteins. Further examination revealed that most of the extracellular domain of the M. brevicollis teneurin is encoded on a single huge 6,829-bp exon and that the cysteine-rich domain is similar to sequences found in an enzyme expressed by the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. This leads us to suggest that teneurins are complex hybrid fusion proteins that evolved in a choanoflagellate via horizontal gene transfer from both a prokaryotic gene and a diatom or algal gene, perhaps to improve the capacity of the choanoflagellate to bind to its prokaryotic prey. As choanoflagellates are considered to be the closest living relatives of animals, the expression of a primitive teneurin by an ancestral choanoflagellate may have facilitated the evolution of multicellularity and complex histogenesis in metazoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California at Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tan LA, Al Chawaf A, Vaccarino FJ, Boutros PC, Lovejoy DA. Teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP)-1 modulates dendritic morphology in hippocampal neurons and decreases anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:199-204. [PMID: 21411044 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP)-1 is a member of a novel family of neuropeptides that has been highly conserved throughout evolution. TCAP-1 is expressed in the limbic system in areas such as the hippocampus and amygdala. In vitro, TCAP-1 increases cytoskeletal proteins in immortalized neurons and modulates neurite outgrowth in cultured primary hippocampal neurons. In vivo, TCAP-1 blocks stress-induced c-Fos in the hippocampus and amygdala, and modulates stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors. This suggests that TCAP-1 plays a role in the remodeling of limbic system networks to alter stress behaviors. Dendritic spines on the apical and basilar shafts of hippocampal neurons are sensitive to stress and many receive incoming excitatory synaptic connections. In this study, repeated daily injection of TCAP-1 for 10 days increased spine density in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus without affecting spine density in the amygdala. Further investigation of the CA3 region indicated that TCAP-1 did not affect the morphology of apical dendrites, but decreased branching in the basilar dendrites 90-130 μm away from the soma. Moreover, TCAP-1 treatment increased open arm time and decreased closed arm entries on the elevated plus maze, a test of anxiety-like behavior. These results suggest that TCAP-1 may be associated with anxiety-like behavior via regulation of dendritic morphology in the hippocampus, independent of amygdalar modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Tan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rivarola V, Flamenco P, Melamud L, Galizia L, Ford P, Capurro C. Adaptation to alkalosis induces cell cycle delay and apoptosis in cortical collecting duct cells: role of Aquaporin-2. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:405-13. [PMID: 20432437 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Collecting ducts (CD) not only constitute the final site for regulating urine concentration by increasing apical membrane Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression, but are also essential for the control of acid-base status. The aim of this work was to examine, in renal cells, the effects of chronic alkalosis on cell growth/death as well as to define whether AQP2 expression plays any role during this adaptation. Two CD cell lines were used: WT- (not expressing AQPs) and AQP2-RCCD(1) (expressing apical AQP2). Our results showed that AQP2 expression per se accelerates cell proliferation by an increase in cell cycle progression. Chronic alkalosis induced, in both cells lines, a time-dependent reduction in cell growth. Even more, cell cycle movement, assessed by 5-bromodeoxyuridine pulse-chase and propidium iodide analyses, revealed a G2/M phase cell accumulation associated with longer S- and G2/M-transit times. This G2/M arrest is paralleled with changes consistent with apoptosis. All these effects appeared 24 h before and were always more pronounced in cells expressing AQP2. Moreover, in AQP2-expressing cells, part of the observed alkalosis cell growth decrease is explained by AQP2 protein down-regulation. We conclude that in CD cells alkalosis causes a reduction in cell growth by cell cycle delay that triggers apoptosis as an adaptive reaction to this environment stress. Since cell volume changes are prerequisite for the initiation of cell proliferation or apoptosis, we propose that AQP2 expression facilitates cell swelling or shrinkage leading to the activation of channels necessary to the control of these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rivarola
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Effects of extracellular acidic-alkaline stresses on trigeminal ganglion neurons in the mouse embryo in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:149-54. [PMID: 20480362 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acidic-alkaline stresses caused by ischemia and hypoglycemia induce neuronal cell death resulting from intracellular pH disturbance. The effects of acidic-alkaline disturbance on the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons of the embryonic mouse were investigated by caspase-3-immunohistochemistry and Nissl staining. TG neurons exhibited apoptosis in 3.08 ± 0.55% of neurons in intact embryos at day 16. Intraperitoneal injection of alkaline solution (pH 8.97; 0.005-0.1 M K₂HPO₄ or 0.01-0.04 M KOH) into the embryo at embryonic day 15 significantly increased the number of apoptotic neurons in the TG at embryonic day 16 with dependence on concentration (3.40-6.05 and 2.93-5.55%, respectively). On the other hand, acidic solutions (pH 4.4; 0.01-0.2 M KH₂PO₄ slightly, but not significantly, increased the number of apoptotic cells (3.64-5.15%, without dependence on concentration). Neutral solutions (pH 7.4; 0.01-0.2 M potassium phosphate buffer) had no effect on neuronal survival in the TG (2.89-3.48%). The results indicated that alkaline stress significantly increased apoptosis in the developing nervous system, but acidic stress did not.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rotzinger S, Lovejoy DA, Tan LA. Behavioral effects of neuropeptides in rodent models of depression and anxiety. Peptides 2010; 31:736-56. [PMID: 20026211 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, studies have advocated neuropeptide systems as modulators for the behavioral states found in mood disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders. Neuropeptides have been tested in traditional animal models and screening procedures that have been validated by known antidepressants and anxiolytics. However, it has become clear that although these tests are very useful, neuropeptides have distinct behavioral effects and dose-dependent characteristics, and therefore, use of these tests with neuropeptides must be done with an understanding of their unique characteristics. This review will focus on the behavioral actions of neuropeptides and their synthetic analogs, particularly in studies utilizing various preclinical tests of depression and anxiety. Specifically, the following neuropeptide systems will be reviewed: corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), urocortin (Ucn), teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin, the Tyr-MIF-1 family, cholecystokinin (CCK), galanin, and substance P. These neuropeptide systems each have a unique role in the regulation of stress-like behavior, and therefore provide intriguing therapeutic targets for mood disorder treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Rotzinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lovejoy DA. Structural evolution of urotensin-I: reflections of life before corticotropin releasing factor. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 164:15-9. [PMID: 19393654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have a long evolutionary history that predates the appearance of metazoans. The corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides is among the most ancient peptide lineages. The identification and characterization of urotensin-I and related orthologues led the way for the elucidation of the entire CRF peptide family. A comparative analysis of the CRF paralogue sequences suggest that CRF is the most derived of these peptides and has lost many of its ancestral characteristics after it became associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I axis). In vertebrates, the urotensin-I group of orthologues, which includes sauvagine and urocortin, possess a number of shared characteristics that may be indicative of the ancestral peptide. Given the early origin of the CRF family peptides, it is likely that other peptide lineages are distantly related to the CRF family. In silico or cDNA library screening using probes based on urotensin-I/urocortin characteristics have been used to identify novel CRF family and related sequences that provide clues the evolutionary origin of the CRF family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lovejoy DA, Rotzinger S, Barsyte-Lovejoy D. Evolution of complementary peptide systems: teneurin C-terminal-associated peptides and corticotropin-releasing factor superfamilies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1163:215-20. [PMID: 19456342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In chordates, the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides consists of four paralogous lineages that include CRF, urocortin/urotensin-I, urocortin 2, and urocortin 3. Related to the CRF peptide family is the diuretic hormone family found in insects. This family consists of a number of paralogous lineages within the Insecta. The teneurin C-terminal-associated peptides (TCAP) are a recently described family of peptides with evolutionary origins around the same time as the CRF family. This family consists of four independent lineages in chordates that are orthologous to peptides in the Insecta. Like CRF, the peptides are 40 or 41 amino acids in length and share about 20% sequence identity to the CRF family members. Each of the four TCAP peptides is encoded by an exon that is closely associated with the teneurin gene. Recent studies indicate that TCAP can block CRF-mediated c-fos expression in the brain and modulate CRF-mediated behaviors. Thus, the TCAP family may act, in part, to modulate the physiological actions of the CRF family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Lovejoy
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|