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Riveros ME, Leibold NK, Retamal MA, Ezquer F. Role of histaminergic regulation of astrocytes in alcohol use disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 133:111009. [PMID: 38653364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a severe, yet not fully understood, mental health problem. It is associated with liver, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal diseases, thereby highly increasing the morbidity and mortality of these individuals. Currently, there is no effective and safe pharmacological therapy for AUD. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase our knowledge about its neurophysiological etiology to develop new treatments specifically targeted at this health condition. Recent findings have shown an upregulation in the histaminergic system both in alcohol dependent individuals and in animals with high alcohol preference. The use of H3 histaminergic receptor antagonists has given promising therapeutic results in animal models of AUD. Interestingly, astrocytes, which are ubiquitously present in the brain, express the three main histamine receptors (H1, H2 and H3), and in the last few years, several studies have shown that astrocytes could play an important role in the development and maintenance of AUD. Accordingly, alterations in the density of astrocytes in brain areas such as the prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, and hippocampus that are critical for AUD-related characteristics have been observed. These characteristics include addiction, impulsivity, motor function, and aggression. In this work, we review the current state of knowledge on the relationship between the histaminergic system and astrocytes in AUD and propose that histamine could increase alcohol tolerance by protecting astrocytes from ethanol-induced oxidative stress. This increased tolerance could lead to high levels of alcohol intake and therefore could be a key factor in the development of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Riveros
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nicole K Leibold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mauricio A Retamal
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Comunicación Celular en Cáncer, Instituto de Ciencia e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencia e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago. Chile; Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Gómez GI, Alvear TF, Roa DA, Farias-Pasten A, Vergara SA, Mellado LA, Martinez-Araya CJ, Prieto-Villalobos J, García-Rodríguez C, Sánchez N, Sáez JC, Ortíz FC, Orellana JA. Cx43 hemichannels and panx1 channels contribute to ethanol-induced astrocyte dysfunction and damage. Biol Res 2024; 57:15. [PMID: 38576018 PMCID: PMC10996276 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol, a widely abused drug, significantly diminishes life quality, causing chronic diseases and psychiatric issues, with severe health, societal, and economic repercussions. Previously, we demonstrated that non-voluntary alcohol consumption increases the opening of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx1 channels in astrocytes from adolescent rats. However, whether ethanol directly affects astroglial hemichannels and, if so, how this impacts the function and survival of astrocytes remains to be elucidated. RESULTS Clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol boost the opening of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx1 channels in mouse cortical astrocytes, resulting in the release of ATP and glutamate. The activation of these large-pore channels is dependent on Toll-like receptor 4, P2X7 receptors, IL-1β and TNF-α signaling, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Notably, the ethanol-induced opening of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx1 channels leads to alterations in cytokine secretion, NO production, gliotransmitter release, and astrocyte reactivity, ultimately impacting survival. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a new mechanism by which ethanol impairs astrocyte function, involving the sequential stimulation of inflammatory pathways that further increase the opening of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx1 channels. We hypothesize that targeting astroglial hemichannels could be a promising pharmacological approach to preserve astrocyte function and synaptic plasticity during the progression of various alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo I Gómez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tanhia F Alvear
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Daniela A Roa
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Arantza Farias-Pasten
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Sergio A Vergara
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis A Mellado
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Claudio J Martinez-Araya
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Juan Prieto-Villalobos
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Claudia García-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 2360102, Chile
| | - Natalia Sánchez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 2360102, Chile
| | - Fernando C Ortíz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Mechanisms of Myelin Formation and Repair Laboratory, Chacabuco 675, of. 212, Santiago, 8350347, Chile.
| | - Juan A Orellana
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile.
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3
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Qu S, Lin H, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Mitochondria-Associated Autoantibodies: A Review of the Specific Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1624. [PMID: 38338904 PMCID: PMC10855900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a severe retinal disease that causes irreversible visual loss and blindness in elderly populations worldwide. The pathological mechanism of AMD is complex, involving the interactions of multiple environmental and genetic factors. A poor understanding of the disease leads to limited treatment options and few effective prevention methods. The discovery of autoantibodies in AMD patients provides an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis and treatment direction of the disease. This review focuses on the mitochondria-associated autoantibodies and summarizes the functional roles of mitochondria under physiological conditions and their alterations during the pathological states. Additionally, it discusses the crosstalk between mitochondria and other organelles, as well as the mitochondria-related therapeutic strategies in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.Q.); (H.L.)
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Bagheri F, Goudarzi I, Lashkarbolouki T, Elahdadi Salmani M, Goudarzi A, Morley-Fletcher S. Improving behavioral deficits induced by perinatal ethanol and stress exposure in adolescent male rat progeny via maternal melatonin treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:153-169. [PMID: 37889278 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Early-life stressful situations and binge drinking have been thus far acknowledged as two burdensome conditions that potentially give rise to negative outcomes and then synergistically affect brain development. In this context, the hippocampus, with the greatest number of glucocorticoid receptors (GCRs) in the brain, is responsible for regulating negative responses to stress. Prolonged glucocorticoid (GC) exposure can accordingly cause oxidative stress (OS), leading to cognitive and emotional dysfunction. Against this background, melatonin, as a powerful antioxidant and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulator, was administered in this study to ameliorate cognitive impairments induced by perinatal ethanol and stress exposure in adolescent male rat progeny. METHODS Wistar rat dams were exposed to ethanol (4 g/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) from gestational day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 14 and then limited nesting material (LNS) from PND0 to PND14 individually or in combination. Maternal behavior was then investigated in mothers. Afterward, the plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentration, the OS marker, the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRHR1) expression, and the GCR and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured in the male pups. Moreover, behavioral tasks, including the elevated plus maze (EPM), the Morris water maze (MWM), the novel object recognition (NORT), and the object-location memory (OLM) tests were completed and assessed. RESULTS The quantity and quality of maternal care significantly decreased in the mothers with dual exposure to ethanol and stress. The plasma CORT concentration in the progeny also dropped in the Ethanol + LNS group, but the risk-taking behavior elevated significantly. The ethanol and stress exposure further revealed a significant fall in the GCR and CRHR1 expression levels, compared with stress alone. The results of learning and memory tasks also indicated a significant reduction in spatial learning and memory among animals exposed to ethanol and stress. The BDNF mRNA levels correspondingly increased in the Ethanol + LNS group, compared with LNS alone. In the presence of ethanol and stress, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities correspondingly declined. On the other hand, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels augmented in the hippocampus of the animals with ethanol and LNS dual exposure, as compared with the control group. Melatonin treatment (MT) thus improved nursing behaviors in dams, prevented OS, enhanced the CRHR1 and GCR expression, and reduced the BDNF levels to the similar ones in the control group. The animals in the Ethanol + LNS + MT group ultimately showed an ameliorated performance at behavioral tasks, including the memory and risk-taking behavior. CONCLUSION It was concluded that MT could prevent stress response and memory impairments arising from dual exposure to ethanol and stress by inhibiting OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iran Goudarzi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
| | | | | | - Afsaneh Goudarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale Et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
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Tumangelova-Yuzeir K, Minkin K, Angelov I, Ivanova-Todorova E, Kurteva E, Vasilev G, Arabadjiev J, Karazapryanov P, Gabrovski K, Zaharieva L, Genova T, Kyurkchiev D. Alteration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Glioblastoma Multiforme under the Influence of Photodynamic Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2580-2596. [PMID: 36975539 PMCID: PMC10047864 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The central hypothesis for the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) postulates that the tumor begins its development by transforming neural stem cells into cancer stem cells (CSC). Recently, it has become clear that another kind of stem cell, the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), plays a role in the tumor stroma. Mesenchymal stem cells, along with their typical markers, can express neural markers and are capable of neural transdifferentiation. From this perspective, it is hypothesized that MSCs can give rise to CSC. In addition, MSCs suppress the immune cells through direct contact and secretory factors. Photodynamic therapy aims to selectively accumulate a photosensitizer in neoplastic cells, forming reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation, initiating death pathways. In our experiments, MSCs from 15 glioblastomas (GB-MSC) were isolated and cultured. The cells were treated with 5-ALA and irradiated. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to detect the marker expression and soluble-factor secretion. The MSCs' neural markers, Nestin, Sox2, and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), were down-regulated, but the expression levels of the mesenchymal markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 were retained. The GB-MSCs also reduced their expression of PD-L1 and increased their secretion of PGE2. Our results give us grounds to speculate that the photodynamic impact on GB-MSCs reduces their capacity for neural transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Tumangelova-Yuzeir
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimir Minkin
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Angelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Ivanova-Todorova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Kurteva
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Vasilev
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Petar Karazapryanov
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Gabrovski
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lidia Zaharieva
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsanislava Genova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dobroslav Kyurkchiev
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Vujić T, Schvartz D, Furlani IL, Meister I, González-Ruiz V, Rudaz S, Sanchez JC. Oxidative Stress and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Are Signature Pathways of Extracellular Vesicles Released upon Morphine Exposure on Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233926. [PMID: 36497184 PMCID: PMC9741159 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine, a commonly used antinociceptive drug in hospitals, is known to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by first passing through brain endothelial cells. Despite its pain-relieving effect, morphine also has detrimental effects, such as the potential induction of redox imbalance in the brain. However, there is still insufficient evidence of these effects on the brain, particularly on the brain endothelial cells and the extracellular vesicles that they naturally release. Indeed, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized bioparticles produced by almost all cell types and are currently thought to reflect the physiological state of their parent cells. These vesicles have emerged as a promising source of biomarkers by indicating the functional or dysfunctional state of their parent cells and, thus, allowing a better understanding of the biological processes involved in an adverse state. However, there is very little information on the morphine effect on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), and even less on their released EVs. Therefore, the current study aimed at unraveling the detrimental mechanisms of morphine exposure (at 1, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µM) for 24 h on human brain microvascular endothelial cells as well as on their associated EVs. Isolation of EVs was carried out using an affinity-based method. Several orthogonal techniques (NTA, western blotting and proteomics analysis) were used to validate the EVs enrichment, quality and concentration. Data-independent mass spectrometry (DIA-MS)-based proteomics was applied in order to analyze the proteome modulations induced by morphine on HBMECs and EVs. We were able to quantify almost 5500 proteins in HBMECs and 1500 proteins in EVs, of which 256 and 148, respectively, were found to be differentially expressed in at least one condition. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the "cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling" process and the "HIF1 pathway", a pathway related to oxidative stress responses, were significantly modulated upon morphine exposure in HBMECs and EVs. Altogether, the combination of proteomics and bioinformatics findings highlighted shared pathways between HBMECs exposed to morphine and their released EVs. These results put forward molecular signatures of morphine-induced toxicity in HBMECs that were also carried by EVs. Therefore, EVs could potentially be regarded as a useful tool to investigate brain endothelial cells dysfunction, and to a different extent, the BBB dysfunction in patient circulation using these "signature pathways".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vujić
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Izadora Liranço Furlani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-904, Brazil
| | - Isabel Meister
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-54-86
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Gakare SG, Varghese SS, Patni PP, Wagh SA, Ugale RR. Prevention of glutamate excitotoxicity in lateral habenula alleviates ethanol withdrawal-induced somatic and behavioral effects in ethanol dependent mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113557. [PMID: 34453973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol withdrawal commonly leads to anxiety-related disorder, a central factor toward negative reinforcement leading to relapse. The lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic nucleus, has emerged to be critical for both reward and aversion processing. Recent studies have also implicated the hyperactivity of LHb, adding to the emergence of negative emotional states during withdrawal from addictive drugs. Herein, we have studied the effects of glutamate transporter inhibitor (PDC), GluN2B-containing NMDAR antagonist (Ro25-6981), and intracellular calcium chelator (BAPTA-AM) injection in LHb on ethanol withdrawal symptoms. We found that ethanol 4 g/kg 20 % w/v intragastric (i.g.) for 10 days followed by 24 h of withdrawal showed a significant increase in somatic signs characterized by vocalization, shaking, and scratching. It also increased locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior, collectively showing expression of ethanol withdrawal symptoms. The intra-LHb administration of PDC (0.5 ng) worsened the effect of ethanol withdrawal, whereas Ro25-6981 (2 and 4 ng) and BAPTA-AM (6.5 and 13 ng) significantly reversed ethanol withdrawal-induced behavior evident by a decrease in somatic signs, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior. Further, pretreatment of Ro25-6981 and BAPTA-AM reduced the neuronal loss, whereas PDC increased it compared to the vehicle-treated group, as evidenced by NeuN staining. Altogether, our results suggest that increased glutamate, GluN2B activation, and likely calcium increase indicative of glutamate excitotoxicity-induced neuronal loss in LHb possibly endorse the emergence of ethanol withdrawal symptoms, while their inhibition might help in alleviating the ethanol withdrawal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya G Gakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440 033, India
| | - Shejin S Varghese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440 033, India
| | - Paras P Patni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440 033, India
| | - Samruddhi A Wagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440 033, India
| | - Rajesh R Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440 033, India.
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Ye L, Orynbayev M, Zhu X, Lim EY, Dereddi RR, Agarwal A, Bergles DE, Bhat MA, Paukert M. Ethanol abolishes vigilance-dependent astroglia network activation in mice by inhibiting norepinephrine release. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6157. [PMID: 33268792 PMCID: PMC7710743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine adjusts sensory processing in cortical networks and gates plasticity enabling adaptive behavior. The actions of norepinephrine are profoundly altered by recreational drugs like ethanol, but the consequences of these changes on distinct targets such as astrocytes, which exhibit norepinephrine-dependent Ca2+ elevations during vigilance, are not well understood. Using in vivo two-photon imaging, we show that locomotion-induced Ca2+ elevations in mouse astroglia are profoundly inhibited by ethanol, an effect that can be reversed by enhancing norepinephrine release. Vigilance-dependent astroglial activation is abolished by deletion of α1A-adrenergic receptor from astroglia, indicating that norepinephrine acts directly on these ubiquitous glial cells. Ethanol reduces vigilance-dependent Ca2+ transients in noradrenergic terminals, but has little effect on astroglial responsiveness to norepinephrine, suggesting that ethanol suppresses their activation by inhibiting norepinephrine release. Since abolition of astroglia Ca2+ activation does not affect motor coordination, global suppression of astroglial networks may contribute to the cognitive effects of alcohol intoxication. The effects of norepinephrine on sensory processing in cortical networks are altered by recreational drugs like ethanol. The authors show that ethanol suppresses the activation of astrocytes by inhibiting norepinephrine release which may contribute to the cognitive effects of alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ye
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Murat Orynbayev
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Eunice Y Lim
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ram R Dereddi
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amit Agarwal
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Martin Paukert
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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9
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Ke Y, Zhan L, Lu T, Zhou C, Chen X, Dong Y, Lv G, Chen S. Polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo Leaves Protect Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury via the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Vitro and vivo. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:526349. [PMID: 33262700 PMCID: PMC7686799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.526349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Polysaccharides separated from herbs have been shown to be effective for ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury, but whether the polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo leaves (LDOP-1) protected mucosa from ethanol-induced injury remains unknown. Thus, the present study carried out gastric mucosal protection and the mechanism of LDOP-1 in vivo and vitro. The chemical composition of LDOP-1 was a heteropolysaccharide comprising mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose at a molar ratio of 2.0:1.1:0.7:0.5:0.4. Pharmacological results showed that LDOP-1 significantly reduced gastric mucosal injury score and pathological injury, improved antioxidant capacity, reduced the level of reactive oxygen species, and reversed the apoptosis of GES-1 in vivo and vitro. Research showed that LDOP-1 pretreatment upregulated the expression level of p-AMPK, LC3β, HO-1, and Beclin-1; downregulated the expression level of p-mTOR and p62; and reversed the expression level of caspase3, Bax, and Bcl-2. This study was the first to demonstrate that LDOP-1 could protect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ke
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianghui Zhan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Nikam VS, Singh D, Takawale R, Ghante MR. Zebrafish: An emerging whole-organism screening tool in safety pharmacology. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:505-513. [PMID: 33666192 PMCID: PMC8092182 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_482_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, the development in drug discovery is slackening due to drug withdrawal from the market or reported to have postmarket safety events. The vital organ toxicities, especially cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and neurotoxicity are the major concerns for high drug attrition rates. The pharmaceutical industry is looking for high throughput, high content analysis based novel assays that would be fast, efficient, reproducible, and cost-effective; would address toxicity, the safety of lead molecules, and complement currently used cell-based assays in preclinical testing. The use of zebrafish, a vertebrate screening model, for preclinical testing is increasing owing to the number of advantages and striking similarities with the mammal. The zebrafish embryo development is fast and all vital organs such as the heart, liver, brain, pancreas, and kidneys in zebrafish are functional within 96-120hpf. The maintenance cost of zebrafish is reasonably low as compared to mammalian systems. Due to these features, zebrafish has arisen as a potential experimental screening model in lead identification and validation in the drug efficacy, toxicity, and safety evaluation. Numbers of drugs and chemicals are screened using zebrafish embryos, and results were found to show 100% concordance with mammalian screening data. The application of zebrafish, being a whole-organism screening model, would show a significant reduction in the cost and time required in the drug development process. The present challenge includes complete automation of the zebrafish screening model, i.e., from sorting, imaging of embryos to data analysis to accelerate the therapeutic target identification, and validation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana S. Nikam
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohan Takawale
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minal R. Ghante
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Almeida L, Andreu-Fernández V, Navarro-Tapia E, Aras-López R, Serra-Delgado M, Martínez L, García-Algar O, Gómez-Roig MD. Murine Models for the Study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Overview. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:359. [PMID: 32760684 PMCID: PMC7373736 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated to different physical, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological impairments collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The underlying mechanisms of ethanol toxicity are not completely understood. Experimental studies during human pregnancy to identify new diagnostic biomarkers are difficult to carry out beyond genetic or epigenetic analyses in biological matrices. Therefore, animal models are a useful tool to study the teratogenic effects of alcohol on the central nervous system and analyze the benefits of promising therapies. Animal models of alcohol spectrum disorder allow the analysis of key variables such as amount, timing and frequency of ethanol consumption to describe the harmful effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. In this review, we aim to synthetize neurodevelopmental disabilities in rodent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes, considering facial dysmorphology and fetal growth restriction. We examine the different neurodevelopmental stages based on the most consistently implicated epigenetic mechanisms, cell types and molecular pathways, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of murine models in the study of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the different routes of alcohol administration, and alcohol consumption patterns applied to rodents. Finally, we analyze a wide range of phenotypic features to identify fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes in murine models, exploring facial dysmorphology, neurodevelopmental deficits, and growth restriction, as well as the methodologies used to evaluate behavioral and anatomical alterations produced by prenatal alcohol exposure in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Almeida
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- BCNatal Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Health Deparment, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut D'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- BCNatal Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut D'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Aras-López
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Congenital Malformations Lab, Institute of Medicine and Molecular Genetic (INGEMM), Institute for Health Research of La Paz Universitary Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Serra-Delgado
- BCNatal Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Martínez
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Congenital Malformations Lab, Institute of Medicine and Molecular Genetic (INGEMM), Institute for Health Research of La Paz Universitary Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar García-Algar
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut D'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, IDIBAPS, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Dolores Gómez-Roig
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- BCNatal Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Taherian M, Norenberg MD, Panickar KS, Shamaladevi N, Ahmad A, Rahman P, Jayakumar AR. Additive Effect of Resveratrol on Astrocyte Swelling Post-exposure to Ammonia, Ischemia and Trauma In Vitro. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1156-1167. [PMID: 32166573 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Swelling of astrocytes represents a major component of the brain edema associated with many neurological conditions, including acute hepatic encephalopathy (AHE), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ischemia. It has previously been reported that exposure of cultured astrocytes to ammonia (a factor strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of AHE), oxygen/glucose deprivation, or to direct mechanical trauma results in an increase in cell swelling. Since dietary polyphenols have been shown to exert a protective effect against cell injury, we examined whether resveratrol (RSV, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, a stilbenoid phenol), has a protective effect on astrocyte swelling following its exposure to ammonia, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), or trauma in vitro. Ammonia increased astrocyte swelling, and pre- or post-treatment of astrocytes with 10 and 25 µM RSV displayed an additive effect, while 5 µM did not prevent the effect of ammonia. However, pre-treatment of astrocytes with 25 µM RSV slightly, but significantly, reduced the trauma-induced astrocyte swelling at earlier time points (3 h), while post-treatment had no significant effect on the trauma-induced cell swelling at the 3 h time point. Instead, pre- or post-treatment of astrocytes with 25 µM RSV had an additive effect on trauma-induced astrocyte swelling. Further, pre- or post-treatment of astrocytes with 5 or 10 µM RSV had no significant effect on trauma-induced astrocyte swelling. When 5 or 10 µM RSV were added prior to, or during the process of OGD, as well as post-OGD, it caused a slight, but not statistically significant decline in cell swelling. However, when 25 µM RSV was added during the process of OGD, as well as after the cells were returned to normal condition (90 min period), such treatment showed an additive effect on the OGD-induced astrocyte swelling. Noteworthy, a higher concentration of RSV (25 µM) exhibited an additive effect on levels of phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2, and p38MAPK, as well as an increased activity of the Na+-K+-Cl- co-transporter-1 (NKCC1), factors known to induce astrocytes swelling, when the cells were treated with ammonia or after trauma or ischemia. Further, inhibition of ERK1/2, and p38MAPK diminished the RSV-induced exacerbation of cell swelling post-ammonia, trauma and OGD treatment. These findings strongly suggest that treatment of cultured astrocytes with RSV enhanced the ammonia, ischemia and trauma-induced cell swelling, likely through the exacerbation of intercellular signaling kinases and ion transporters. Accordingly, caution should be exercised when using RSV for the treatment of these neurological conditions, especially when brain edema is also suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Taherian
- General Medical Research, Neuropathology Section, R&D Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33125, USA
| | - Michael D Norenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kiran S Panickar
- General Medical Research, Neuropathology Section, R&D Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33125, USA
| | | | - Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Purbasha Rahman
- General Medical Research, Neuropathology Section, R&D Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33125, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Coral Cables, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arumugam R Jayakumar
- General Medical Research, Neuropathology Section, R&D Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33125, USA. .,South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education Inc, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33125, USA. .,General Medical Research, Neuropathology Section, R&D Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Res-151, Room 314, Miami, FL, USA.
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13
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Joshi AU, Van Wassenhove LD, Logas KR, Minhas PS, Andreasson KI, Weinberg KI, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity and aldehydic load contribute to neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease related pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:190. [PMID: 31829281 PMCID: PMC6907112 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency (ALDH2*2) causes facial flushing in response to alcohol consumption in approximately 560 million East Asians. Recent meta-analysis demonstrated the potential link between ALDH2*2 mutation and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Other studies have linked chronic alcohol consumption as a risk factor for AD. In the present study, we show that fibroblasts of an AD patient that also has an ALDH2*2 mutation or overexpression of ALDH2*2 in fibroblasts derived from AD patients harboring ApoE ε4 allele exhibited increased aldehydic load, oxidative stress, and increased mitochondrial dysfunction relative to healthy subjects and exposure to ethanol exacerbated these dysfunctions. In an in vivo model, daily exposure of WT mice to ethanol for 11 weeks resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and increased aldehyde levels in their brains and these pathologies were greater in ALDH2*2/*2 (homozygous) mice. Following chronic ethanol exposure, the levels of the AD-associated protein, amyloid-β, and neuroinflammation were higher in the brains of the ALDH2*2/*2 mice relative to WT. Cultured primary cortical neurons of ALDH2*2/*2 mice showed increased sensitivity to ethanol and there was a greater activation of their primary astrocytes relative to the responses of neurons or astrocytes from the WT mice. Importantly, an activator of ALDH2 and ALDH2*2, Alda-1, blunted the ethanol-induced increases in Aβ, and the neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that impairment in the metabolism of aldehydes, and specifically ethanol-derived acetaldehyde, is a contributor to AD associated pathology and highlights the likely risk of alcohol consumption in the general population and especially in East Asians that carry ALDH2*2 mutation.
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14
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Mira RG, Tapia-Rojas C, Pérez MJ, Jara C, Vergara EH, Quintanilla RA, Cerpa W. Alcohol impairs hippocampal function: From NMDA receptor synaptic transmission to mitochondrial function. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107628. [PMID: 31683244 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that alcohol produces harmful effects on several brain structures, including the hippocampus, in both rodents and humans. The hippocampus is one of the most studied areas of the brain due to its function in learning and memory, and a lot of evidence suggests that hippocampal failure is responsible for the cognitive loss present in individuals with recurrent alcohol consumption. Mitochondria are organelles that generate the energy needed for the brain to maintain neuronal communication, and their functional failure is considered a mediator of the synaptic dysfunction induced by alcohol. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of how alcohol exposure affects neuronal communication through the impairment of glutamate receptor (NMDAR) activity, neuroinflammatory events and oxidative damage observed after alcohol exposure, all processes under the umbrella of mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the direct role of mitochondrial dysfunction mediating cognitive and memory decline produced by alcohol exposure and their consequences associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - María Jose Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Erick H Vergara
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile.
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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15
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Spataru A, Le Duc D, Zagrean L, Zagrean AM. Ethanol exposed maturing rat cerebellar granule cells show impaired energy metabolism and increased cell death after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:485-490. [PMID: 30539817 PMCID: PMC6334607 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol, a widely abused drug, has deleterious effects on the immature nervous system. This study investigates the effect of chronic in vitro ethanol exposure on the metabolism of immature rat cerebellar granular cells (CGCs) and on their response to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Primary CGC cultures were exposed to ethanol (100 mM in culture medium) or to control ethanol-free medium starting day one in vitro (DIV1). At DIV8, the expression of ATP synthase gene ATP5g3 was quantified using real-time PCR, then cultures were exposed to 3 hours of OGD or normoxic conditions. Subsequently, cellular metabolism was assessed by a resazurin assay and by ATP level measurement. ATP5g3 expression was reduced by 12-fold (P = 0.03) and resazurin metabolism and ATP level were decreased to 74.4 ± 4.6% and 55.5 ± 6.9%, respectively after chronic ethanol treatment compared to control values (P < 0.01). Additionally, after OGD exposure of ethanol-treated cultures, resazurin metabolism and ATP level were decreased to 12.7 ± 1.0% and 9.0 ± 2.0% from control values (P < 0.01). These results suggest that chronic ethanol exposure reduces the cellular ATP level, possibly through a gene expression down-regulation mechanism, and increases the vulnerability to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Thus, interventions which improve metabolic function and sustain ATP-levels could attenuate ethanol-induced neuronal dysfunction and should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Spataru
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leon Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Erickson EK, Grantham EK, Warden AS, Harris RA. Neuroimmune signaling in alcohol use disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 177:34-60. [PMID: 30590091 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread disease with limited treatment options. Targeting the neuroimmune system is a new avenue for developing or repurposing effective pharmacotherapies. Alcohol modulates innate immune signaling in different cell types in the brain by altering gene expression and the molecular pathways that regulate neuroinflammation. Chronic alcohol abuse may cause an imbalance in neuroimmune function, resulting in prolonged perturbations in brain function. Likewise, manipulating the neuroimmune system may change alcohol-related behaviors. Psychiatric disorders that are comorbid with AUD, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and other substance use disorders, may also have underlying neuroimmune mechanisms; current evidence suggests that convergent immune pathways may be involved in AUD and in these comorbid disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of major neuroimmune cell-types and pathways involved in mediating alcohol behaviors, discuss potential mechanisms of alcohol-induced neuroimmune activation, and present recent clinical evidence for candidate immune-related drugs to treat AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Erickson
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA.
| | - Emily K Grantham
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA
| | - Anna S Warden
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA
| | - R A Harris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA
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17
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d'Amora M, Giordani S. The Utility of Zebrafish as a Model for Screening Developmental Neurotoxicity. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:976. [PMID: 30618594 PMCID: PMC6305331 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing central nervous system and the blood brain barrier are especially vulnerable and sensitive to different chemicals, including environmental contaminants and drugs. Developmental exposure to these compounds has been involved in several neurological disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders as well as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) have emerged as powerful toxicological model systems that can speed up chemical hazard assessment and can be used to extrapolate neurotoxic effects that chemicals have on humans. Zebrafish embryos and larvae are convenient for high-throughput screening of chemicals, due to their small size, low-cost, easy husbandry, and transparency. Additionally, zebrafish are homologous to other higher order vertebrates in terms of molecular signaling processes, genetic compositions, and tissue/organ structures as well as neurodevelopment. This mini review underlines the potential of the zebrafish as complementary models for developmental neurotoxicity screening of chemicals and describes the different endpoints utilized for such screening with some studies illustrating their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta d'Amora
- Nano Carbon Materials, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy.,School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Zhang J, Wang G, Liu J, Gao L, Liu M, Wang C, Chuai M, Bao Y, Li G, Li R, Zhang Y, Yang X. Gut microbiota‐derived endotoxin enhanced the incidence of cardia bifida during cardiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9271-9283. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Liu
- The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lin‐rui Gao
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Liu
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chao‐jie Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Manli Chuai
- Division of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichNorfolkUK
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Rui‐man Li
- The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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19
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Wang YF, Parpura V. Astroglial Modulation of Hydromineral Balance and Cerebral Edema. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:204. [PMID: 29946238 PMCID: PMC6007284 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of hydromineral balance (HB) is an essential condition for life activity at cellular, tissue, organ and system levels. This activity has been considered as a function of the osmotic regulatory system that focuses on hypothalamic vasopressin (VP) neurons, which can reflexively release VP into the brain and blood to meet the demand of HB. Recently, astrocytes have emerged as an essential component of the osmotic regulatory system in addition to functioning as a regulator of the HB at cellular and tissue levels. Astrocytes express all the components of osmoreceptors, including aquaporins, molecules of the extracellular matrix, integrins and transient receptor potential channels, with an operational dynamic range allowing them to detect and respond to osmotic changes, perhaps more efficiently than neurons. The resultant responses, i.e., astroglial morphological and functional plasticity in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, can be conveyed, physically and chemically, to adjacent VP neurons, thereby influencing HB at the system level. In addition, astrocytes, particularly those in the circumventricular organs, are involved not only in VP-mediated osmotic regulation, but also in regulation of other osmolality-modulating hormones, including natriuretic peptides and angiotensin. Thus, astrocytes play a role in local/brain and systemic HB. The adaptive astrocytic reactions to osmotic challenges are associated with signaling events related to the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin 4 to promote cell survival and repair. However, prolonged osmotic stress can initiate inflammatory and apoptotic signaling processes, leading to glial dysfunction and a variety of brain diseases. Among many diseases of brain injury and hydromineral disorders, cytotoxic and osmotic cerebral edemas are the most common pathological manifestation. Hyponatremia is the most common cause of osmotic cerebral edema. Overly fast correction of hyponatremia could lead to central pontine myelinolysis. Ischemic stroke exemplifies cytotoxic cerebral edema. In this review, we summarize and analyze the osmosensory functions of astrocytes and their implications in cerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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20
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Hepatic overproduction of 13-HODE due to ALOX15 upregulation contributes to alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8976. [PMID: 28827690 PMCID: PMC5567196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol feeding causes lipid accumulation and apoptosis in the liver. This study investigated the role of bioactive lipid metabolites in alcohol-induced liver damage and tested the potential of targeting arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in treating alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Results showed that chronic alcohol exposure induced hepatocyte apoptosis in association with increased hepatic 13-HODE. Exposure of 13-HODE to Hepa-1c1c7 cells induced oxidative stress, ER stress and apoptosis. 13-HODE also perturbed proteins related to lipid metabolism. HODE-generating ALOX15 was up-regulated by chronic alcohol exposure. Linoleic acid, but not ethanol or acetaldehyde, induced ALOX15 expression in Hepa-1c1c7 cells. ALOX15 knockout prevented alcohol-induced liver damage via attenuation of oxidative stress, ER stress, lipid metabolic disorder, and cell death signaling. ALOX15 inhibitor (PD146176) treatment also significantly alleviated alcohol-induced oxidative stress, lipid accumulation and liver damage. These results demonstrated that activation of ALOX15/13-HODE circuit critically mediates the pathogenesis of ALD. This study suggests that ALOX15 is a potential molecular target for treatment of ALD.
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Wang G, Chen BZ, Wang CJ, Zhang J, Gao LR, Chuai M, Bao Y, Yang X. Ethanol exposure leads to disorder of blood island formation in early chick embryo. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:96-104. [PMID: 28789864 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol's effect on embryonic vasculogenesis and its underlying mechanism is obscure. Using VE-cadherin in situ hybridization, we found blood islands formation was inhibited in area opaca, but abnormal VE-cadherin+ cells were seen in area pellucida. We hypothesise ethanol may affect blood island progenitor cell migration and differentiation. DiI and in vitro experiments revealed ethanol inhibited cell migration, Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that ethanol exposure enhanced cell differentiation in area pellucida of HH5 chick embryos and repressed cell differentiation in area pellucida of HH8 chick embryos. By exposing to 2,2'-azobis-amidinopropane dihydrochloride, a ROS inducer, which gave a similar anti-vasculogenesis effect as ethanol and this anti-vasculogenesis effect could be reversed by vitamin C. Overall, exposing early chick embryos to ethanol represses blood island progenitor cell migration but disturbed differentiation at a different stage, so that the disorder of blood island formation occurs through excess ROS production and altered vascular-associated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bin-Zhen Chen
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chao-Jie Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lin-Rui Gao
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Manli Chuai
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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22
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Orellana JA, Cerpa W, Carvajal MF, Lerma-Cabrera JM, Karahanian E, Osorio-Fuentealba C, Quintanilla RA. New Implications for the Melanocortin System in Alcohol Drinking Behavior in Adolescents: The Glial Dysfunction Hypothesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:90. [PMID: 28424592 PMCID: PMC5380733 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence causes physical, social, and moral harms and currently represents an important public health concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), alcoholism is the third leading cause of death worldwide, after tobacco consumption and hypertension. Recent epidemiologic studies have shown a growing trend in alcohol abuse among adolescents, characterized by the consumption of large doses of alcohol over a short time period. Since brain development is an ongoing process during adolescence, short- and long-term brain damage associated with drinking behavior could lead to serious consequences for health and wellbeing. Accumulating evidence indicates that alcohol impairs the function of different components of the melanocortin system, a major player involved in the consolidation of addictive behaviors during adolescence and adulthood. Here, we hypothesize the possible implications of melanocortins and glial cells in the onset and progression of alcohol addiction. In particular, we propose that alcohol-induced decrease in α-MSH levels may trigger a cascade of glial inflammatory pathways that culminate in altered gliotransmission in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The latter might potentiate dopaminergic drive in the NAc, contributing to increase the vulnerability to alcohol dependence and addiction in the adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Orellana
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en AdolescentesSantiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en AdolescentesSantiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Maria F Carvajal
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en AdolescentesSantiago, Chile.,Unidad de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - José M Lerma-Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en AdolescentesSantiago, Chile.,Unidad de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Karahanian
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en AdolescentesSantiago, Chile.,Unidad de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Osorio-Fuentealba
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en AdolescentesSantiago, Chile.,Facultad de Kinesiología, Artes y Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la EducaciónSantiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en AdolescentesSantiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSantiago, Chile
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Baez-Jurado E, Vega GG, Aliev G, Tarasov VV, Esquinas P, Echeverria V, Barreto GE. Blockade of Neuroglobin Reduces Protection of Conditioned Medium from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Human Astrocyte Model (T98G) Under a Scratch Assay. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2285-2300. [PMID: 28332151 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that paracrine factors (conditioned medium) increase wound closure and reduce reactive oxygen species in a traumatic brain injury in vitro model. Although the beneficial effects of conditioned medium from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCA-CM) have been previously suggested for various neurological diseases, their actions on astrocytic cells are not well understood. In this study, we have explored the effect of hMSCA-CM on human astrocyte model (T98G cells) subjected to scratch assay. Our results indicated that hMSCA-CM improved cell viability, reduced nuclear fragmentation, attenuated the production of reactive oxygen species, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and ultrastructural parameters. In addition, hMSCA-CM upregulated neuroglobin in T98G cells and the genetic silencing of this protein prevented the protective action of hMSCA-CM on damaged cells, suggesting that neuroglobin is mediating, at least in part, the protective effect of hMSCA-CM. Overall, this evidence suggests that the use of hMSCA-CM is a promising therapeutic strategy for the protection of astrocytic cells in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Baez-Jurado
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Gina Guio Vega
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
- GALLY International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- School of Health Science and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, USA
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Paula Esquinas
- Facultad Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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24
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Carter JM, Landin JD, Gigante ED, Rieger SP, Diaz MR, Werner DF. Inhibitors of Calcium-Activated Anion Channels Modulate Hypnotic Ethanol Responses in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:301-8. [PMID: 26842249 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol is widely known for its depressant effects; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are not clear. Calcium-activated anion channels (CAACs) contribute to extracellular chloride levels and thus may be involved in regulating inhibitory mechanisms within the central nervous system. Therefore, we hypothesized that CAACs influence ethanol behavioral sensitivity by altering CAAC expression. METHODS We assessed the role of CAACs in ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR) and locomotor activity using intracerebroventricular infusions of several nonselective CAAC blockers. CAAC expression was determined after ethanol exposure. RESULTS Ethanol-induced LORR (4.0 g/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) was significantly attenuated by all 4 CAAC blockers. Blocking CAACs did not impact ethanol's low-dose (1.5 g/kg, i.p.) locomotor-impairing effects. Biochemical analysis of CAAC protein expression revealed that cortical Bestrophin1 (Best1) and Tweety1 levels were reduced as early as 30 minutes following a single ethanol injection (3.5 g/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and remained decreased 24 hours later in P2 fractions. Cortical Best1 levels were also reduced following 1.5 g/kg. However, CAAC expression was unaltered in the striatum following a single ethanol exposure. Ethanol did not affect Tweety2 levels in either brain region. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CAACs are a major target of ethanol in vivo, and the regulation of these channels contributes to select behavioral actions of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Carter
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - Justine D Landin
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - Eduardo D Gigante
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, New York.,Department of Health and Human Services, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samuel P Rieger
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - Marvin R Diaz
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - David F Werner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
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25
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Li S, Wang G, Gao LR, Lu WH, Wang XY, Chuai M, Lee KKH, Cao L, Yang X. Autophagy is involved in ethanol-induced cardia bifida during chick cardiogenesis. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3306-17. [PMID: 26317250 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1087621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess alcohol consumption during pregnancy has been acknowledged to increase the incidence of congenital disorders, especially the cardiovascular system. However, the mechanism involved in ethanol-induced cardiac malformation in prenatal fetus is still unknown. We demonstrated that ethanol exposure during gastrulation in the chick embryo increased the incidence of cardia bifida. Previously, we reported that autophagy was involved in heart tube formation. In this context, we demonstrated that ethanol exposure increased ATG7 and LC3 expression. mTOR was found to be inhibited by ethanol exposure. We activated autophagy using exogenous rapamycin (RAPA) and observed that it induced cardiac bifida and increased GATA5 expression. RAPA beads implantation experiments revealed that RAPA restricted ventricular myosin heavy chain (VMHC) expression. In vitro explant cultures of anterior primitive streak demonstrated that both ethanol and RAPA treatments could reduce cell differentiation and the spontaneous beating of cardiac precursor cells. In addition, the bead experiments showed that RAPA inhibited GATA5 expression during heart tube formation. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that BMP2 expression was increased while GATA4 expression was suppressed. In the embryos exposed to excess ethanol, BMP2, GATA4 and FGF8 expression was repressed. These genes are associated with cardiomyocyte differentiation, while heart tube fusion is associated with increased Wnt3a but reduced VEGF and Slit2 expression. Furthermore, the ethanol exposure also caused the production of excess ROS, which might damage the cardiac precursor cells of developing embryos. In sum, our results revealed that disrupting autophagy and excess ROS generation are responsible for inducing abnormal cardiogenesis in ethanol-treated chick embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- a Division of Histology and Embryology ; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Guang Wang
- a Division of Histology and Embryology ; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Lin-Rui Gao
- a Division of Histology and Embryology ; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Wen-Hui Lu
- a Division of Histology and Embryology ; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- a Division of Histology and Embryology ; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Manli Chuai
- b Division of Cell and Developmental Biology ; University of Dundee ; Dundee , UK
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- d Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong ; Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Liu Cao
- c Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University ; Shenyang , China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- a Division of Histology and Embryology ; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University ; Guangzhou , China
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26
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Abstract
Psychiatric and neurological disorders are mostly associated with the changes in neural calcium ion signaling pathways required for activity-triggered cellular events. One calcium channel family is the TRP cation channel family, which contains seven subfamilies. Results of recent papers have discovered that calcium ion influx through TRP channels is important. We discuss the latest advances in calcium ion influx through TRP channels in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Activation of TRPC4, TRPC5, and TRPV1 cation channels in the etiology of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, fear-associated responses, and depression modulate calcium ion influx. Evidence substantiates that anandamide and its analog (methanandamide) induce an anxiolytic-like effect via CB1 receptors and TRPV1 channels. Intracellular calcium influx induced by oxidative stress has an significant role in the etiology of bipolar disorders (BDs), and studies recently reported the important role of TRP channels such as TRPC3, TRPM2, and TRPV1 in converting oxidant or nitrogen radical signaling to cytosolic calcium ion homeostasis in BDs. The TRPV1 channel also plays a function in morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. Among psychotropic drugs, amitriptyline and capsazepine seem to have protective effects on psychiatric disorders via the TRP channels. Some drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine also seem to have an important role in alcohol addiction and substance abuse via activation of the TRPV1 channel. Thus, we explore the relationships between the etiology of psychiatric disorders and TRP channel-regulated mechanisms. Investigation of the TRP channels in psychiatric disorders holds the promise of the development of new drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Süleyman Demirel University, Dekanlık Binası, TR-32260, Isparta, Turkey.
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Li ZY, Ma ZL, Lu WH, Cheng X, Chen JL, Song XY, Chuai M, Lee KKH, Yang X. Ethanol exposure represses osteogenesis in the developing chick embryo. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 62:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Tian H, Ye X, Hou X, Yang X, Yang J, Wu C. SVCT2, a potential therapeutic target, protects against oxidative stress during ethanol-induced neurotoxicity via JNK/p38 MAPKs, NF-κB and miRNA125a-5p. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:362-73. [PMID: 27085842 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sodium vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) plays a key role in transporting ascorbic acid (AA), an important intracellular antioxidant, into neurons. It is well known that ethanol (EtOH) abuse causes significant neurodegeneration, as well as endogenous AA release in certain encephalic regions. Here, we identified that SVCT2 forms part of a self-defense mechanism that protects against oxidative stress in binge drinking rats, and SVCT2 levels are correlated with antioxidants and neuronal injury. Four days of binge drinking led to massive neuron degeneration in prefrontal cortex (PFC), accompanied by increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-adducted proteins and SVCT2 expression, as well as dramatic changes in AA levels in rat brain. AA levels were decreased in PFC and increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after binge drinking, but returned to normal on the 7th day following EtOH withdrawal. These processes were further evaluated in primary cortical neurons exposed to 100mM EtOH in vitro. Neurons transfected with SVCT2 siRNA were more susceptible than controls to certain aspects of EtOH-induced injury, including cell death, dendrite damage and increased oxidative stress. EtOH-induced up-regulation of SVCT2 was associated with activation of JNK and p38 MAPKs and the NF-κB pathway. More importantly, miRNA-125a-5p was down-regulated in PFC of 4-day binge drinking rats and negatively regulated protein expression during EtOH-induced neuronal injury. MiR-125a-5p over-expression attenuated intracellular AA levels, promoted cell death and suppressed the EtOH-induced up-regulation of p38 MAPK and SVCT2, which suggested that miR-125a-5p plays an important role in SVCT2 function in EtOH-induced neuronal injury. We speculate that SVCT2, possibly regulated by JNK/p38 MAPKs, NF-κB signaling and miR-125a-5p, has a neuroprotective effect against EtOH-induced oxidative stress. Promotion of SVCT2 expression or stimulation of SVCT2 activity may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention of EtOH-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Heaton MB, Paiva M, Kubovec S. Differential effects of ethanol on bid, tBid, and Bax:tBid interactions in postnatal day 4 and postnatal day 7 rat cerebellum. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 39:55-63. [PMID: 25623406 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ethanol (EtOH) during central nervous system (CNS) development can lead to a wide array of neuroanatomical, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities, broadly subsumed under the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder classification. One mode of EtOH-induced interference in the normal developmental program appears to be through induction of apoptotic processes mediated by the Bcl-2 family of survival-regulatory proteins. The present series of studies investigated the role of the Bcl-2-related, pro-apoptotic Bid protein, and its truncated, apoptotically active fragment, tBid, in developmental EtOH neurotoxicity. METHODS Protein analyses were made via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in neonatal rat cerebellum, of basal Bid, and of Bid and tBid, following EtOH exposure via vapor inhalation, at an age of peak EtOH sensitivity in this region (postnatal day 4 [P4]) and a later age of relative resistance (P7). ELISA analyses were also made of Bax:tBid heterodimers, a process which activates Bax, essential for its apoptotic functioning. Finally, in vitro assessments of the importance of tBid to EtOH neurotoxicity were made in cultured cerebellar granule cells, using a specific tBid inhibitor. RESULTS Basal levels of Bid were higher at P4 compared to P7, possibly contributing to the differential sensitivity. EtOH exposure elicited further increases in cytosolic Bid and mitochondrial tBid when administration was at P4, but not at P7. Bax:tBid heterodimers were markedly increased by EtOH exposure on P4, an increase which persisted even 2 hours after termination of treatment. Similar effects were not seen at P7. The in vitro analyses revealed that tBid inhibition provided complete protection against EtOH-induced cell death and depressed EtOH-mediated cytochrome-c release. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Bid/tBid may be important elements in EtOH-mediated neurotoxicity during CNS development. The molecular processes and interactions revealed may represent critical points which can be targeted in studies concerned with designing possible therapeutic strategies for minimizing these devastative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieta B Heaton
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida; Center for Addiction Research and Education, Gainesville, Florida
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30
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Ebselen alters cellular oxidative status and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat hippocampal astrocytes. Toxicology 2016; 357-358:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Duncan JW, Zhang X, Wang N, Johnson S, Harris S, Udemgba C, Ou XM, Youdim MB, Stockmeier CA, Wang JM. Binge ethanol exposure increases the Krüppel-like factor 11-monoamine oxidase (MAO) pathway in rats: Examining the use of MAO inhibitors to prevent ethanol-induced brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:329-340. [PMID: 26805422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking induces several neurotoxic consequences including oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Because of these effects, drugs which prevent ethanol-induced damage to the brain may be clinically beneficial. In this study, we investigated the ethanol-mediated KLF11-MAO cell death cascade in the frontal cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a modified Majchowicz 4-day binge ethanol model and control rats. Moreover, MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) were investigated for neuroprotective activity against binge ethanol. Binge ethanol-treated rats demonstrated a significant increase in KLF11, both MAO isoforms, protein oxidation and caspase-3, as well as a reduction in BDNF expression in the frontal cortex compared to control rats. MAOIs prevented these binge ethanol-induced changes, suggesting a neuroprotective benefit. Neither binge ethanol nor MAOI treatment significantly affected protein expression levels of the oxidative stress enzymes, SOD2 or catalase. Furthermore, ethanol-induced antinociception was enhanced following exposure to the 4-day ethanol binge. These results demonstrate that the KLF11-MAO pathway is activated by binge ethanol exposure and MAOIs are neuroprotective by preventing the binge ethanol-induced changes associated with this cell death cascade. This study supports KLF11-MAO as a mechanism of ethanol-induced neurotoxicity and cell death that could be targeted with MAOI drug therapy to alleviate alcohol-related brain injury. Further examination of MAOIs to reduce alcohol use disorder-related brain injury could provide pivotal insight to future pharmacotherapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Duncan
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Niping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Shakevia Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Sharonda Harris
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Chinelo Udemgba
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Ou
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Moussa B Youdim
- Technion-Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Eve Topf Center of Excellence, For Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Craig A Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jun Ming Wang
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Yang J, Yu HM, Zhou XD, Huang HP, Han Z, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM. Cigarette smoke induces mucin hypersecretion and inflammatory response through the p66shc adaptor protein-mediated mechanism in human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 69:86-98. [PMID: 26608927 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The p66Shc adaptor protein is a newly recognized mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction and might play a role in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced airway epithelial cell injury. CS can induce an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which can cause mitochondrial depolarization and injury through the oxidative stress-mediated Serine36 phosphorylation of p66Shc. The excessive production of ROS can trigger an inflammatory response and mucin hypersecretion by enhancing the transcriptional activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mucin genes. Therefore, we speculate that p66Shc plays an essential role in airway epithelial cell injury and the process of mucin generation in CS-induced chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Our present study focuses on the role of p66Shc in ROS generation, and on the resulting mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response and mucus hypersecretion in CS-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE). We found that CS disturbed the mitochondrial function by increasing the level of phosphorylated p66Shc in these cells and that the effects were significantly reduced by silencing p66Shc. Conversely, the ectopic overexpression of wild-type p66Shc enhanced these effects. We also found that high levels of ROS inhibited FOXO3a transcriptional activity, which led to NF-κB activation. Subsequently, activated NF-κB promoted pro-inflammatory cytokine production and mucin hypersecretion. Thus, manipulating p66Shc might offer a new therapeutic modality with which to treat chronic inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H M Yu
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X D Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - H P Huang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zh Han
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - V P Kolosov
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - J M Perelman
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
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Bahey NG, Elaziz HOA, Gadalla KKES. Toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 and the role of recovery on the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:559-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Risher ML, Sexton HG, Risher WC, Wilson WA, Fleming RL, Madison RD, Moore SD, Eroglu C, Swartzwelder HS. Adolescent Intermittent Alcohol Exposure: Dysregulation of Thrombospondins and Synapse Formation are Associated with Decreased Neuronal Density in the Adult Hippocampus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:2403-13. [PMID: 26537975 PMCID: PMC4712076 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure (AIE) has profound effects on neuronal function. We have previously shown that AIE causes aberrant hippocampal structure and function that persists into adulthood. However, the possible contributions of astrocytes and their signaling factors remain largely unexplored. We investigated the acute and enduring effects of AIE on astrocytic reactivity and signaling on synaptic expression in the hippocampus, including the impact of the thrombospondin (TSP) family of astrocyte-secreted synaptogenic factors and their neuronal receptor, alpha2delta-1 (α2δ-1). Our hypothesis is that some of the influences of AIE on neuronal function may be secondary to direct effects on astrocytes. METHODS We conducted Western blot analysis on TSPs 1 to 4 and α2δ-1 from whole hippocampal lysates 24 hours after the 4th and 10th doses of AIE, then 24 days after the last dose (in adulthood). We used immunohistochemistry to assess astrocyte reactivity (i.e., morphology) and synaptogenesis (i.e., colocalization of pre- and postsynaptic puncta). RESULTS Adolescent AIE reduced α2δ-1 expression, and colocalized pre- and postsynaptic puncta after the fourth ethanol (EtOH) dose. By the 10th dose, increased TSP2 levels were accompanied by an increase in colocalized pre- and postsynaptic puncta, while α2δ-1 returned to control levels. Twenty-four days after the last EtOH dose (i.e., adulthood), TSP2, TSP4, and α2δ-1 expression were all elevated. Astrocyte reactivity, indicated by increased astrocytic volume and area, was also observed at that time. CONCLUSIONS Repeated EtOH exposure during adolescence results in long-term changes in specific astrocyte signaling proteins and their neuronal synaptogenic receptor. Continued signaling by these traditionally developmental factors in adulthood may represent a compensatory mechanism whereby astrocytes reopen the synaptogenic window and repair lost connectivity, and consequently contribute to the enduring maladaptive structural and functional abnormalities previously observed in the hippocampus after AIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Louise Risher
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hannah G Sexton
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - W Christopher Risher
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wilkie A Wilson
- Social Sciences Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebekah L Fleming
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Roger D Madison
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Scott D Moore
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - H Scott Swartzwelder
- Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Kim JH, Kwon SJ, Stankewich MC, Huh GY, Glantz SB, Morrow JS. Reactive protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes contain high levels of calpain-cleaved alpha 2 spectrin. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 100:1-7. [PMID: 26551084 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calpain, a family of calcium-dependent neutral proteases, plays important roles in neurophysiology and pathology through the proteolytic modification of cytoskeletal proteins, receptors and kinases. Alpha 2 spectrin (αII spectrin) is a major substrate for this protease family, and the presence of the αII spectrin breakdown product (αΙΙ spectrin BDP) in a cell is evidence of calpain activity triggered by enhanced intracytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentrations. Astrocytes, the most dynamic CNS cells, respond to micro-environmental changes or noxious stimuli by elevating intracytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration to become activated. As one measure of whether calpains are involved with reactive glial transformation, we examined paraffin sections of the human cerebral cortex and white matter by immunohistochemistry with an antibody specific for the calpain-mediated αΙΙ spectrin BDP. We also performed conventional double immunohistochemistry as well as immunofluorescent studies utilizing antibodies against αΙΙ spectrin BDP as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We found strong immunopositivity in selected protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes, and in transitional forms that raise the possibility of some of fibrous astrocytes emerging from protoplasmic astrocytes. Immunoreactive astrocytes were numerous in brain sections from cases with severe cardiac and/or respiratory diseases in the current study as opposed to our previous study of cases without significant clinical conditions that failed to reveal such remarkable immunohistochemical alterations. Our study suggests that astrocytes become αΙΙ spectrin BDP immunopositive in various stages of activation, and that spectrin cleavage product persists even in fully reactive astrocytes. Immunohistochemistry for αΙΙ spectrin BDP thus marks reactive astrocytes, and highlights the likelihood that calpains and their proteolytic processing of spectrin participate in the morphologic and physiologic transition from resting protoplasmic astrocytes to reactive fibrous astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung H Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yale Univ. School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510-8023, USA.
| | - Soojung J Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Yale Univ. School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510-8023, USA
| | - Michael C Stankewich
- Department of Pathology, Yale Univ. School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510-8023, USA
| | - Gi-Yeong Huh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | - Susan B Glantz
- Department of Pathology, Yale Univ. School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510-8023, USA
| | - Jon S Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Yale Univ. School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510-8023, USA
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Womersley JS, Uys JD. S-Glutathionylation and Redox Protein Signaling in Drug Addiction. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 137:87-121. [PMID: 26809999 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder that comes at a high cost to individuals and society. Therefore understanding the mechanisms by which drugs exert their effects is of prime importance. Drugs of abuse increase the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species resulting in oxidative stress. This change in redox homeostasis increases the conjugation of glutathione to protein cysteine residues; a process called S-glutathionylation. Although traditionally regarded as a protective mechanism against irreversible protein oxidation, accumulated evidence suggests a more nuanced role for S-glutathionylation, namely as a mediator in redox-sensitive protein signaling. The reversible modification of protein thiols leading to alteration in function under different physiologic/pathologic conditions provides a mechanism whereby change in redox status can be translated into a functional response. As such, S-glutathionylation represents an understudied means of post-translational protein modification that may be important in the mechanisms underlying drug addiction. This review will discuss the evidence for S-glutathionylation as a redox-sensing mechanism and how this may be involved in the response to drug-induced oxidative stress. The function of S-glutathionylated proteins involved in neurotransmission, dendritic spine structure, and drug-induced behavioral outputs will be reviewed with specific reference to alcohol, cocaine, and heroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Womersley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joachim D Uys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Coathup V, Wheeler S, Smith L. A method comparison of a food frequency questionnaire to measure folate, choline, betaine, vitamin C and carotenoids with 24-h dietary recalls in women of reproductive age. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 70:346-51. [PMID: 26419194 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to conduct a method comparison of a modified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), designed to estimate usual dietary intake of selected micronutrients and antioxidants including folate, choline, betaine, vitamin C and carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin) with 24-h dietary recalls (24-HR) in women of reproductive age. SUBJECTS/METHODS Sixty-four British women of reproductive age (18-40 years) were recruited in Oxford, UK and provided complete dietary data for analysis. METHODS We compared micronutrient estimates from the FFQ against estimates derived from three multiple-pass, 24-HR interviews, by evaluating Pearson's correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Median intakes of most nutrients were higher when measured by FFQ compared with 24-HR. Strong correlation coefficients were observed for folate (r=0.80) and choline (r=0.68), whereas moderate correlation coefficients were observed for vitamin C (0.50) and lycopene (0.43). Weak correlation coefficients were observed for betaine (0.39) and other carotenoids (r=0.26-0.38). Bland-Altman plots indicated that there was a large amount of variability in the FFQ estimates of nutrient intakes compared to those using 24-HR, particularly for carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that this FFQ estimated higher mean intakes for most nutrients. Pearson's correlation coefficients were comparable with previous research; however, the Bland-Altman plots suggest a high variability in mean nutrient estimates between the FFQ and 24-h. We recommend further investigation of the validity of this FFQ before use.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Coathup
- Department of Psychology, Social Work and Public Health, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - S Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Smith
- Department of Psychology, Social Work and Public Health, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Wang G, Zhong S, Zhang SY, Ma ZL, Chen JL, Lu WH, Cheng X, Chuai M, Lee KKH, Lu DX, Yang X. Angiogenesis is repressed by ethanol exposure during chick embryonic development. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:692-701. [PMID: 26177723 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is now known that excess alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome to develop. However, it is not known whether excess ethanol exposure could directly affect angiogenesis in the embryo or angiogenesis being indirectly affected because of ethanol-induced fetal alcohol syndrome. Using the chick yolk sac membrane (YSM) model, we demonstrated that ethanol exposure dramatically inhibited angiogenesis in the YSM of 9-day-old chick embryos, in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, the anti-angiogenesis effect of ethanol could be seen in the developing vessel plexus (at the same extra-embryonic regions) during earlier stages of embryo development. The anti-angiogenic effect of ethanol was found associated with excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; as glutathione peroxidase activity increased while superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 activities decreased in the YSMs. We further validated this observation by exposing chick embryos to 2,2'-azobis-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (a ROS inducer) and obtained a similar anti-angiogenesis effect as ethanol treatment. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the experimental YSMs revealed that expression of angiogenesis-related genes, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor, were all repressed following ethanol and 2,2'-azobis-amidinopropane dihydrochloride treatment. In summary, our results suggest that excess ethanol exposure inhibits embryonic angiogenesis through promoting superfluous ROS production during embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-yao Zhang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-lai Ma
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-long Chen
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-hui Lu
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Chuai
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Da-xiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wilhelm CJ, Hashimoto JG, Roberts ML, Bloom SH, Andrew MR, Wiren KM. Astrocyte Dysfunction Induced by Alcohol in Females but Not Males. Brain Pathol 2015; 26:433-51. [PMID: 26088166 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with brain damage in a sex-specific fashion, but the mechanisms involved are poorly described and remain controversial. Previous results have suggested that astrocyte gene expression is influenced by ethanol intoxication and during abstinence in vivo. Here, bioinformatic analysis of astrocyte-enriched ethanol-regulated genes in vivo revealed ubiquitin pathways as an ethanol target, but with sexually dimorphic cytokine signaling and changes associated with brain aging in females and not males. Consistent with this result, astrocyte activation was observed after exposure in female but not male animals, with reduced S100β levels in the anterior cingulate cortex and increased GFAP(+) cells in the hippocampus. In primary culture, the direct effects of chronic ethanol exposure followed by recovery on sex-specific astrocyte function were examined. Male astrocyte responses were consistent with astrocyte deactivation with reduced GFAP expression during ethanol exposure. In contrast, female astrocytes exhibited increased expression of Tnf, reduced expression of the neuroprotective cytokine Tgfb1, disrupted bioenergetics and reduced excitatory amino acid uptake following exposure or recovery. These results indicate widespread astrocyte dysfunction in ethanol-exposed females and suggest a mechanism that may underlie increased vulnerability to ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare J Wilhelm
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Joel G Hashimoto
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | | | - Melissa R Andrew
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kristine M Wiren
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Lycopene Pretreatment Ameliorates Acute Ethanol Induced NAD(+) Depletion in Human Astroglial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:741612. [PMID: 26075038 PMCID: PMC4446500 DOI: 10.1155/2015/741612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with reduced brain volume and cognition. While the mechanisms by which ethanol induces these deleterious effects in vivo are varied most are associated with increased inflammatory and oxidative processes. In order to further characterise the effect of acute ethanol exposure on oxidative damage and NAD+ levels in the brain, human U251 astroglioma cells were exposed to physiologically relevant doses of ethanol (11 mM, 22 mM, 65 mM, and 100 mM) for ≤ 30 minutes. Ethanol exposure resulted in a dose dependent increase in both ROS and poly(ADP-ribose) polymer production. Significant decreases in total NAD(H) and sirtuin 1 activity were also observed at concentrations ≥ 22 mM. Similar to U251 cells, exposure to ethanol (≥22 mM) decreased levels of NAD(H) in primary human astrocytes. NAD(H) depletion in primary astrocytes was prevented by pretreatment with 1 μM of lycopene for 3.5 hours. Unexpectedly, in U251 cells lycopene treatment at concentrations ≥ 5 μM resulted in significant reductions in [NAD(H)]. This study suggests that exposure of the brain to alcohol at commonly observed blood concentrations may cause transitory oxidative damage which may be at least partly ameliorated by lycopene.
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Santofimia-Castaño P, Garcia-Sanchez L, Ruy DC, Sanchez-Correa B, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Tarazona R, Salido GM, Gonzalez A. Melatonin induces calcium mobilization and influences cell proliferation independently of MT1/MT2 receptor activation in rat pancreatic stellate cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2015; 31:95-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-015-9297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nishimura Y, Murakami S, Ashikawa Y, Sasagawa S, Umemoto N, Shimada Y, Tanaka T. Zebrafish as a systems toxicology model for developmental neurotoxicity testing. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2015; 55:1-16. [PMID: 25109898 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is extremely sensitive to many chemicals. Exposure to neurotoxicants during development has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Although rodents have been widely used for developmental neurotoxicity testing, experiments using large numbers of rodents are time-consuming, expensive, and raise ethical concerns. Using alternative non-mammalian animal models may relieve some of these pressures by allowing testing of large numbers of subjects while reducing expenses and minimizing the use of mammalian subjects. In this review, we discuss some of the advantages of using zebrafish in developmental neurotoxicity testing, focusing on central nervous system development, neurobehavior, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics in this species. We also describe some important examples of developmental neurotoxicity testing using zebrafish combined with gene expression profiling, neuroimaging, or neurobehavioral assessment. Zebrafish may be a systems toxicology model that has the potential to reveal the pathways of developmental neurotoxicity and to provide a sound basis for human risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu, Japan; Depertment of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Tsu, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Japan
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Maurya SK, Mishra J, Abbas S, Bandyopadhyay S. Cypermethrin Stimulates GSK3β-Dependent Aβ and p-tau Proteins and Cognitive Loss in Young Rats: Reduced HB-EGF Signaling and Downstream Neuroinflammation as Critical Regulators. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:968-982. [PMID: 25575682 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated early signs of AD-like pathology upon exposure to a pyrethroid pesticide, cypermethrin, reported to impair neurodevelopment. We treated weanling rats with cypermethrin (10 and 25 mg/kg) and detected dose-dependent increase in the key proteins of AD, amyloid beta (Aβ), and phospho-tau, in frontal cortex and hippocampus as early as postnatal day 45. Upregulation of Aβ pathway involved an increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its pro-amyloidogenic processing through beta-secretase (BACE) and gamma-secretase. Tau pathway entailed elevation in tau and glycogen-synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK3β)-dependent, phospho-tau. GSK3β emerged as a molecular link between the two pathways, evident from reduction in phospho-tau as well as BACE upon treating GSK3β inhibitor, lithium chloride. Exploring the mechanism revealed an attenuated heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) signaling and downstream astrogliosis-mediated neuroinflammation to be responsible for inducing Aβ and phospho-tau. Cypermethrin caused a proximal reduction in HB-EGF, which promoted astrocytic nuclear factor kappa B signaling and astroglial activation close to Aβ and phospho-tau. Glial activation stimulated generation of interleukin-1 (IL-1), which upregulated GSK3β, and APP and tau as well, resulting in co-localization of Aβ and phospho-tau with IL-1 receptor. Intracerebral insertion of exogenous HB-EGF restored its own signaling and suppressed neuroinflammation and thereby Aβ and phospho-tau in cypermethrin-exposed rats, proving a central role of reduced HB-EGF signaling in cypermethrin-mediated neurodegeneration. Furthermore, cypermethrin stimulated cognitive impairments, which could be prevented by exogenous HB-EGF. Our data demonstrate that cypermethrin induces premature upregulation of GSK3β-dependent Aβ and tau pathways, where HB-EGF signaling and neuroinflammation serve as essential regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Developmental Toxicology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Juhi Mishra
- Developmental Toxicology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sabiya Abbas
- Food and Chemical Toxicology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India.
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Baliño P, Ledesma JC, Aragon CMG. Role of CA2+/calmodulin on ethanol neurobehavioral effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4611-21. [PMID: 24853690 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling transduction pathway has been shown to play an important role in the modulation of several ethanol-induced behaviors. Different studies have demonstrated intracellular calcium (Ca(2+))-dependent activation of the PKA cascade after ethanol administration. Thus, the cAMP cascade mediator Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin (CaM) has been strongly implicated in the central effects of ethanol. OBJECTIVES In this study, we assessed the role of the CaM inhibitor W7 on ethanol-induced stimulation, ethanol intake, and ethanol-induced activation of PKA. METHODS Swiss mice were pretreated with W7 (0-10 mg/kg) 30 min before ethanol (0-3.75 g/kg) administration. Immediately, animals were placed during 20 min in an open-field chamber. Ethanol (10 %, v/v) intake in 2 h was assessed using a limited access paradigm. Experiments with caffeine (0-15 mg/kg), cocaine (0-4 mg/kg), and saccharine (0.1 %, w/v) were designed to compare their results to those obtained with ethanol. Western blot was assayed 45 min after ethanol administration. RESULTS Results showed that pretreatment with W7, reduced selectively in a dose-dependent fashion ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and ethanol intake. The ethanol-induced activation of PKA was also prevented by W7 administration. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that CaM inhibition resulted in a selective reduction of ethanol-stimulating effects and ethanol intake. The PKA activation induced by ethanol was blocked after the CaM blockade with W7. These results provide further evidence of the key role of cellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways on the central effects of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Baliño
- Área de Psicobiología, Universtitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain,
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Xiao Y, Wu X, Deng X, Huang L, Zhou Y, Yang X. Optimal electroacupuncture frequency for maintaining astrocyte structural integrity in cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1122-31. [PMID: 25206406 PMCID: PMC4145895 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The astrocyte is a critical regulator of neuronal survival after ischemic brain injury. Electroacupuncture may be an effective therapy for cerebral ischemia, as electroacupuncture frequency can affect the structural integrity of astrocytes. In this study, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion established using the modified thread embolism method was treated with electroacupuncture of the bilateral Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36) at 15, 30, and 100 Hz frequencies. Behavioral testing, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were used to explore the effect of these electroacupuncture frequencies used on maintaining the structural integrity of ischemic brain tissue. Compared with the model and 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups, the 15 and 30 Hz electroacupuncture groups displayed decreased neurological deficit scores, as evaluated by the "Longa" method, significantly increased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, and alleviated ultrastructural damage of astrocytes at the edge of the infarct. Our experimental findings indicate that 15 and 30 Hz electroacupuncture intervention can favorably maintain the structural integrity of astrocytes and play a protective role in cerebral ischemic injury. Astrocyte structural integrity may be the mechanism underlying acupuncture production of ischemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicai Xiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xingui Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiangfa Deng
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xuejie Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Identification of differentially expressed genes in female Drosophila antonietae and Drosophila meridionalis in response to host cactus odor. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:191. [PMID: 25178654 PMCID: PMC4161902 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of insect-plant interactions have provided critical insights into the ecology and evolution of adaptive processes within and among species. Cactophilic Drosophila species have received much attention because larval development occurs in the necrotic tissues of cacti, and both larvae and adults feed on these tissues. Such Drosophila-cactus interactions include effects of the host plant on the physiology and behavior of the flies, especially so their nutritional status, mating condition and reproduction. The aim of this work was to compare the transcriptional responses of two species, Drosophila antonietae and Drosophila meridionalis, and identify genes potentially related to responses to odors released by their host cactus, Cereus hildmannianus. The two fly species are sympatric in most of their populations and use this same host cactus in nature. Results We obtained 47 unique sequences (USs) for D. antonietae in a suppression subtractive hybridization screen, 30 of these USs had matches with genes predicted for other Drosophila species. For D. meridionalis we obtained 81 USs, 46 of which were orthologous with genes from other Drosophila species. Functional information (Gene Ontology) revealed that these differentially expressed genes are related to metabolic processes, detoxification mechanisms, signaling, response to stimuli, and reproduction. The expression of 13 genes from D. meridionalis and 12 from D. antonietae were further analyzed by quantitative real time-PCR, showing that four genes were significantly overexpressed in D. antonietae and six in D. meridionalis. Conclusions Our results revealed the differential expression of genes related to responses to odor stimuli by a cactus, in two associated fly species. Although the majority of activated genes were similar between the two species, we also observed that certain metabolic pathways were specifically activated, especially those related to signaling pathways and detoxification mechanisms. The activation of these genes may reflect different metabolic pathways used by these flies in their interaction with this host cactus. Our findings provide insight into how the use of C. hildmannianus may have arisen independently in the two fly species, through genetic differentiation in metabolic pathways to effectively explore this cactus as a host. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0191-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ghazizadeh V, Nazıroğlu M. Electromagnetic radiation (Wi-Fi) and epilepsy induce calcium entry and apoptosis through activation of TRPV1 channel in hippocampus and dorsal root ganglion of rats. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:787-99. [PMID: 24792079 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Incidence rates of epilepsy and use of Wi-Fi worldwide have been increasing. TRPV1 is a Ca(2+) permeable and non-selective channel, gated by noxious heat, oxidative stress and capsaicin (CAP). The hyperthermia and oxidant effects of Wi-Fi may induce apoptosis and Ca(2+) entry through activation of TRPV1 channel in epilepsy. Therefore, we tested the effects of Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) exposure on Ca(2+) influx, oxidative stress and apoptosis through TRPV1 channel in the murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hippocampus of pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic rats. Rats in the present study were divided into two groups as controls and PTZ. The PTZ groups were divided into two subgroups namely PTZ + Wi-Fi and PTZ + Wi-Fi + capsazepine (CPZ). The hippocampal and DRG neurons were freshly isolated from the rats. The DRG and hippocampus in PTZ + Wi-Fi and PTZ + Wi-Fi + CPZ groups were exposed to Wi-Fi for 1 hour before CAP stimulation. The cytosolic free Ca(2+), reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, caspase-3 and -9 values in hippocampus were higher in the PTZ group than in the control although cell viability values decreased. The Wi-Fi exposure induced additional effects on the cytosolic Ca(2+) increase. However, pretreatment of the neurons with CPZ, results in a protection against epilepsy-induced Ca(2+) influx, apoptosis and oxidative damages. In results of whole cell patch-clamp experiments, treatment of DRG with Ca(2+) channel antagonists [thapsigargin, verapamil + diltiazem, 2-APB, MK-801] indicated that Wi-Fi exposure induced Ca(2+) influx via the TRPV1 channels. In conclusion, epilepsy and Wi-Fi in our experimental model is involved in Ca(2+) influx and oxidative stress-induced hippocampal and DRG death through activation of TRPV1 channels, and negative modulation of this channel activity by CPZ pretreatment may account for the neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghazizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, University of Suleyman Demirel, 32260, Isparta, Isparta, Turkey
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Tarragon E, Baliño P, Aragon CMG. Centrally formed acetaldehyde mediates ethanol-induced brain PKA activation. Neurosci Lett 2014; 580:68-73. [PMID: 25093700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Centrally formed acetaldehyde has proven to be responsible for several psychopharmacological effects induced by ethanol. In addition, it has been suggested that the cAMP-PKA signaling transduction pathway plays an important role in the modulation of several ethanol-induced behaviors. Therefore, we hypothesized that acetaldehyde might be ultimately responsible for the activation of this intracellular pathway. We used three pharmacological agents that modify acetaldehyde activity (α-lipoic acid, aminotriazole, and d-penicillamine) to study the role of this metabolite on EtOH-induced PKA activation in mice. Our results show that the injection of α-lipoic acid, aminotriazole and d-penicillamine prior to acute EtOH administration effectively blocks the PKA-enhanced response to EtOH in the brain. These results strongly support the hypothesis of a selective release of acetaldehyde-dependent Ca(2+) as the mechanism involved in the neurobehavioral effects elicited by EtOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tarragon
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - P Baliño
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - C M G Aragon
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon de la Plana, Spain.
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Alfonso-Loeches S, Ureña-Peralta JR, Morillo-Bargues MJ, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Guerri C. Role of mitochondria ROS generation in ethanol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death in astroglial cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:216. [PMID: 25136295 PMCID: PMC4118026 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are innate immunity sensors that provide an early/effective response to pathogenic or injury conditions. We have reported that ethanol-induced TLR4 activation triggers signaling inflammatory responses in glial cells, causing neuroinflammation and brain damage. However, it is uncertain if ethanol is able to activate NLRs/inflammasome in astroglial cells, which is the mechanism of activation, and whether there is crosstalk between both immune sensors in glial cells. Here we show that chronic ethanol treatment increases the co-localization of caspase-1 with GFAP+ cells, and up-regulates IL-1β and IL-18 in the frontal medial cortex in WT, but not in TLR4 knockout mice. We further show that cultured cortical astrocytes expressed several inflammasomes (NLRP3, AIM2, NLRP1, and IPAF), although NLRP3 mRNA is the predominant form. Ethanol, as ATP and LPS treatments, up-regulates NLRP3 expression, and causes caspase-1 cleavage and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 in astrocytes supernatant. Ethanol-induced NLRP3/caspase-1 activation is mediated by mitochondrial (m) reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation because when using a specific mitochondria ROS scavenger, the mito-TEMPO (500 μM) or NLRP3 blocking peptide (4 μg/ml) or a specific caspase-1 inhibitor, Z-YVAD-FMK (10 μM), abrogates mROS release and reduces the up-regulation of IL-1β and IL-18 induced by ethanol or LPS or ATP. Confocal microscopy studies further confirm that ethanol, ATP or LPS promotes NLRP3/caspase-1 complex recruitment within the mitochondria to promote cell death by caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis, which accounts for ≈73% of total cell death (≈22%) and the remaining (≈25%) die by caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Suppression of the TLR4 function abrogates most ethanol effects on NLRP3 activation and reduces cell death. These findings suggest that NLRP3 participates, in ethanol-induced neuroinflammation and highlight the NLRP3/TLR4 crosstalk in ethanol-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alfonso-Loeches
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan R Ureña-Peralta
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia, Spain
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50
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Teixeira FB, Santana LNDS, Bezerra FR, De Carvalho S, Fontes-Júnior EA, Prediger RD, Crespo-López ME, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Chronic ethanol exposure during adolescence in rats induces motor impairments and cerebral cortex damage associated with oxidative stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101074. [PMID: 24967633 PMCID: PMC4072717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking is common among adolescents, and this type of ethanol exposure may lead to long-term nervous system damage. In the current study, we evaluated motor performance and tissue alterations in the cerebral cortex of rats subjected to intermittent intoxication with ethanol from adolescence to adulthood. Adolescent male Wistar rats (35 days old) were treated with distilled water or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) during 55 days by gavage to complete 90 days of age. The open field, inclined plane and the rotarod tests were used to assess the spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination performance in adult animals. Following completion of behavioral tests, half of animals were submitted to immunohistochemical evaluation of NeuN (marker of neuronal bodies), GFAP (a marker of astrocytes) and Iba1 (microglia marker) in the cerebral cortex while the other half of the animals were subjected to analysis of oxidative stress markers by biochemical assays. Chronic ethanol intoxication in rats from adolescence to adulthood induced significant motor deficits including impaired spontaneous locomotion, coordination and muscle strength. These behavioral impairments were accompanied by marked changes in all cellular populations evaluated as well as increased levels of nitrite and lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cortex. These findings indicate that continuous ethanol intoxication from adolescence to adulthood is able to provide neurobehavioral and neurodegenerative damage to cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bruno Teixeira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Luana Nazaré da Silva Santana
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Fernando Romualdo Bezerra
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Sabrina De Carvalho
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-López
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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