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Khaled MM, Ibrahium AM, Abdelgalil AI, El-Saied MA, El-Bably SH. Regenerative Strategies in Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Different Animal Models. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:839-877. [PMID: 37572269 PMCID: PMC10519924 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve damage mainly resulted from traumatic or infectious causes; the main signs of a damaged nerve are the loss of sensory and/or motor functions. The injured nerve has limited regenerative capacity and is recovered by the body itself, the recovery process depends on the severity of damage to the nerve, nowadays the use of stem cells is one of the new and advanced methods for treatment of these problems. METHOD Following our review, data are collected from different databases "Google scholar, Springer, Elsevier, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, and PubMed" using different keywords such as Peripheral nerve damage, Radial Nerve, Sciatic Nerve, Animals, Nerve regeneration, and Stem cell to investigate the different methods taken in consideration for regeneration of PNI. RESULT This review contains tables illustrating all forms and types of regenerative medicine used in treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) including different types of stem cells " adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, Human umbilical cord stem cells, embryonic stem cells" and their effect on re-constitution and functional recovery of the damaged nerve which evaluated by physical, histological, Immuno-histochemical, biochemical evaluation, and the review illuminated the best regenerative strategies help in rapid peripheral nerve regeneration in different animal models included horse, dog, cat, sheep, monkey, pig, mice and rat. CONCLUSION Old surgical attempts such as neurorrhaphy, autogenic nerve transplantation, and Schwann cell implantation have a limited power of recovery in cases of large nerve defects. Stem cell therapy including mesenchymal stromal cells has a high potential differentiation capacity to renew and form a new nerve and also restore its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Khaled
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M Ibrahium
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abdelgalil
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Saied
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Samah H El-Bably
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Lischer M, di Summa PG, Petrou IG, Schaefer DJ, Guzman R, Kalbermatten DF, Madduri S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Nerve Tissue Engineering: Bridging Nerve Gap Injuries in Large Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097800. [PMID: 37175506 PMCID: PMC10177884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-therapy-based nerve repair strategies hold great promise. In the field, there is an extensive amount of evidence for better regenerative outcomes when using tissue-engineered nerve grafts for bridging severe gap injuries. Although a massive number of studies have been performed using rodents, only a limited number involving nerve injury models of large animals were reported. Nerve injury models mirroring the human nerve size and injury complexity are crucial to direct the further clinical development of advanced therapeutic interventions. Thus, there is a great need for the advancement of research using large animals, which will closely reflect human nerve repair outcomes. Within this context, this review highlights various stem cell-based nerve repair strategies involving large animal models such as pigs, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys, with an emphasis on the limitations and strengths of therapeutic strategy and outcome measurements. Finally, future directions in the field of nerve repair are discussed. Thus, the present review provides valuable knowledge, as well as the current state of information and insights into nerve repair strategies using cell therapies in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Lischer
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Pietro G di Summa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilias G Petrou
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Kalbermatten
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Bioengineering and Neuroregeneration, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Nerve regeneration using the Bio 3D nerve conduit fabricated with spheroids. J Artif Organs 2022; 25:289-297. [PMID: 35970971 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-022-01358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Autologous nerve grafting is the gold standard method for peripheral nerve injury with defects. Artificial nerve conduits have been developed to prevent morbidity at the harvest site. However, the artificial conduit regeneration capacity is not sufficient. A Bio 3D printer is technology that creates three-dimensional tissue using only cells. Using this technology, a three-dimensional nerve conduit (Bio 3D nerve conduit) was created from several cell spheroids. We reported the first application of the Bio 3D nerve conduit for peripheral nerve injury. A Bio 3D nerve conduit that was created from several cells promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. The Bio 3D nerve conduit may be useful clinically to treat peripheral nerve defects.
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Im JH, Shin SH, Lee MK, Lee SR, Lee JJ, Chung YG. Evaluation of anatomical and histological characteristics of human peripheral nerves: as an effort to develop an efficient allogeneic nerve graft. Cell Tissue Bank 2022; 23:591-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-09998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pedroza-Montoya FE, Tamez-Mata YA, Simental-Mendía M, Soto-Domínguez A, García-Pérez MM, Said-Fernández S, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, González-Flores JR, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Vilchez-Cavazos F. Repair of ovine peripheral nerve injuries with xenogeneic human acellular sciatic nerves prerecellularized with allogeneic Schwann-like cells—an innovative and promising approach. Regen Ther 2022; 19:131-143. [PMID: 35229011 PMCID: PMC8850753 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The iatrogenic effects of repairing peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) with autografts (AGTs) encouraged the present study to involve a new approach consisting of grafting xenogeneic prerecellularized allogeneic cells instead of AGTs. Methods We compared sheep's AGT regenerative and functional capacity with decellularized human nerves prerecellularized with allogeneic Schwann-like cell xenografts (onwards called xenografts). Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from ovine adipose tissue and induced in vitro to differentiate into Schwann-like cells (SLCs). Xenografts were grafted in ovine sciatic nerves. Left sciatic nerves (20 mm) were excised from 10 sheep. Then, five sheep were grafted with 20 mm xenografts, and five were reimplanted with their nerve segment rotated 180° (AGT). Results All sheep treated with xenografts or AGT progressively recovered the strength, movement, and coordination of their intervened limb, which was still partial when the study was finished at sixth month postsurgery. At this time, numerous intrafascicular axons were observed in the distal and proximal graft extremes of both xenografts or AGTs, and submaximal nerve electrical conduction was observed. The xenografts and AGT-affected muscles appeared partially stunted. Conclusions Xenografts and AGT were equally efficacious in starting PNI repair and justified further studies using longer observation times. The hallmarks from this study are that human xenogeneic acellular scaffolds were recellularized with allogenic SCL and were not rejected by the nonhuman receptors but were also as functional as AGT within a relatively short time postsurgery. Thus, this innovative approach promises to be more practical and accessible than AGT or allogenic allografts and safer than AGT for PNI repair.
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Tamez-Mata Y, Pedroza-Montoya FE, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, García-Pérez MM, Ríos-Cantú AA, González-Flores JR, Soto-Domínguez A, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, Simental-Mendía M, Peña-Martínez VM, Vílchez-Cavazos F. Nerve gaps repaired with acellular nerve allografts recellularized with Schwann-like cells: Preclinical trial. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:296-306. [PMID: 34257032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acellular nerve allografts (ANA) recellularized with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) or Schwann cells (SC) are, at present, a therapeutic option for peripheral nerve injuries (PNI). This study aimed to evaluate the regenerative and functional capacity of a recellularized allograft (RA) compared with autograft nerve reconstruction in PNI. METHODS Fourteen ovines were randomly included in two groups (n=7). A peroneal nerve gap 30 mm in length was excised, and nerve repair was performed by the transplantation of either an autograft or a recellularized allograft with SC-like cells. Evaluations included a histomorphological analysis of the ANA, MSC pre differentiated into SC-like cells, at one year follow-up functional limb recovery (support and gait), and nerve regeneration using neurophysiological tests and histomorphometric analysis. All evaluations were compared with the contralateral hindlimb as the control. RESULTS The nerve allograft was successfully decellularized and more than 70% of MSC were pre differentiated into SC-like cells. Functional assessment in both treated groups improved similarly over time (p <0.05). Neurophysiological results (latency, amplitude, and conduction velocity) also improved in both treated groups at twelve months. Histological results demonstrated a less organized arrangement of nerve fibers (p <0.05) with an active remyelination process (p <0.05) in both treated groups compared with controls at twelve months. CONCLUSIONS ANA recellularized with SC-like cells proved to be a successful treatment for nerve gaps. Motor recovery and nerve regeneration were satisfactorily achieved in both graft groups compared with their contralateral nontreated nerves. This approach could be useful for the clinical therapy of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tamez-Mata
- Traumatology and Orthopedics, Bone and Tissue Bank Division, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"
| | - F E Pedroza-Montoya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Cell Therapy Division, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"
| | - H G Martínez-Rodríguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Cell Therapy Division, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"
| | - M M García-Pérez
- Plastic Surgery Service, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"
| | - A A Ríos-Cantú
- Plastic Surgery Service, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"
| | - J R González-Flores
- Plastic Surgery Service, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"
| | - A Soto-Domínguez
- Histology Department, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"
| | - R Montes-de-Oca-Luna
- Histology Department, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"
| | - M Simental-Mendía
- Traumatology and Orthopedics, Bone and Tissue Bank Division, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"
| | - V M Peña-Martínez
- Traumatology and Orthopedics, Bone and Tissue Bank Division, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"
| | - F Vílchez-Cavazos
- Traumatology and Orthopedics, Bone and Tissue Bank Division, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González".
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Wu H, Wu X, Lin S, Lai T. Long-term follow-up of three different nerve repair strategies (repair, autografting and allografting) in one-stage replantation to treat upper extremity amputation. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2021; 53:534-542. [PMID: 34875704 DOI: 10.1055/a-1640-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of three different nerve repair methods for one-stage replantation to treat complete upper extremity amputation and long-term postoperative functional recovery. METHODS Twenty-five patients underwent direct nerve anastomosis (Group A), for patients with nerve defects greater than 3 cm, nerve autograft transplantation be used (Group B), or patients with nerve defects less than 3 cm, nerve allograft transplantation be used (Group C) based on the severity of injury. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score (higher score means poorer function-less than 25 means good effect) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain at rest and under exertion were measured. Sensation recovery time and grip function were recorded. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 78 ± 29 months. Group A had the lowest DASH score, while Group C had the highest DASH score. DASH score differed significantly between the three groups (P < 0.001). Sensation was not restored in two patients in Group B and two patients in Group C, and there were significant between-group differences in sensation recovery (P = 0.001). Group C had the lowest VAS score, while Group A had the highest, and there were significant differences between groups (P = 0.044). Only one patient in Group C recovered grip function. CONCLUSION Direct nerve anastomosis should be performed whenever possible in replantation surgery for complete upper extremity amputation, as the nerve function recovery after direct nerve anastomosis is better than that after nerve autograft transplantation or nerve allograft transplantation. Two-stage nerve autograft transplantation can be performed in patients who do not achieve functional recovery long after nerve allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University
| | - Xuejun Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University
| | - Shibei Lin
- Department of Hand Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University
| | - Tian Lai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University
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Cho Y, Park S, Lee J, Yu KJ. Emerging Materials and Technologies with Applications in Flexible Neural Implants: A Comprehensive Review of Current Issues with Neural Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005786. [PMID: 34050691 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience is an essential field of investigation that reveals the identity of human beings, with a comprehensive understanding of advanced mental activities, through the study of neurobiological structures and functions. Fully understanding the neurotransmission system that allows for connectivity among neuronal circuits has paved the way for the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. The field of flexible implants has attracted increasing interest mainly to overcome the mechanical mismatch between rigid electrode materials and soft neural tissues, enabling precise measurements of neural signals from conformal contact. Here, the current issues of flexible neural implants (chronic device failure, non-bioresorbable electronics, low-density electrode arrays, among others are summarized) by presenting material candidates and designs to address each challenge. Furthermore, the latest investigations associated with the aforementioned issues are also introduced, including suggestions for ideal neural implants. In terms of the future direction of these advances, designing flexible devices would provide new opportunities for the study of brain-machine interfaces or brain-computer interfaces as part of locomotion through brain signals, and for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younguk Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Juyoung Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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Choi SJ, Park SY, Shin YH, Heo SH, Kim KH, Lee HI, Kim JK. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly Can Differentiate into Schwann Cell-Like Cells and Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Acellular Nerve Grafts. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:467-478. [PMID: 33515168 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwann cells (SCs) secrete neurotrophic factors and provide structural support and guidance during axonal regeneration. However, nearby nerves may be damaged to obtain primary SCs, and there is a lack of nervous tissue donors. We investigated the potential of Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) in differentiating into Schwann cell-like cells (WJ-SCLCs) as an alternative to SCs. We also examined whether implantation of WJ-SCLCs-laden acellular nerve grafts (ANGs) are effective in inducing functional recovery and nerve regeneration in an animal model of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS The differentiation of WJ-MSCs into WJ-SCLCs was determined by analyzing SC-specific markers. The secretion of neurotrophic factors was assessed by the Neuro Discovery antibody array. Neurite outgrowth and myelination of axons were found in a co-culture system involving motor neuron cell lines. The effects of ANGs on repairing sciatic nerves were evaluated using video gait angle test, isometric tetanic force analysis, and toluidine blue staining. RESULTS Compared with undifferentiated WJ-MSCs, WJ-SCLCs showed higher expression levels of SC-specific markers such as S100β, GFAP, KROX20, and NGFR. WJ-SCLCs also showed higher secreted amounts of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor than did WJ-MSCs. WJ-SCLCs effectively promoted the outgrowth and myelination of neurites in motor neuron cells, and WJ-SCLCs laden ANGs significantly facilitated peripheral nerve regeneration in an animal model of sciatic nerve injury. CONCLUSION WJ-MSCs were readily differentiated into WJ-SCLCs, which effectively promoted the regeneration of peripheral nerves. Transplantation of WJ-SCLCs with ANGs might be useful for assisting peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Jin Choi
- Asan Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Lab Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk Young Park
- Asan Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Lab Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic Road 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Heo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo In Lee
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Asan Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Lab Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic Road 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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Yurie H, Ikeguchi R, Aoyama T, Ito A, Tanaka M, Noguchi T, Oda H, Takeuchi H, Mitsuzawa S, Ando M, Yoshimoto K, Akieda S, Nakayama K, Matsuda S. Mechanism of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using a Bio 3D Conduit Derived from Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. J Reconstr Microsurg 2020; 37:357-364. [PMID: 32957155 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the development of a scaffold-free Bio three-dimensional (3D) nerve conduit from normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The aim of this study was to investigate the regenerative mechanism of peripheral nerve cells using a Bio 3D conduit in a rat sciatic nerve defect model. METHODS Bio 3D conduits composed of NHDFs were developed, and cell viability was evaluated using a LIVE/DEAD cell viability assay immediately before transplantation and 1-week post-surgery. Tracking analysis using PKH26-labeled NHDFs was performed to assess the distribution of NHDFs within the regenerated nerve and the differentiation of NHDFs into functional Schwann cells (SCs). RESULTS The assessment of the viability of cells within the Bio 3D conduit showed high cell viability both immediately before transplantation and 1-week post-surgery (88.56 ± 1.70 and 87.58 ± 9.11, respectively). A modified Masson's trichrome staining of the Bio 3D conduit revealed the formation of a prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) in between the cells. We observed, via tracking analysis, that the tube-like distribution of the NHDFs remained stable, the majority of the regenerated axons had penetrated this structure and PKH26-labeled cells were also positive for S-100. CONCLUSION Abundant ECM formation resulted in a stable tube-like structure of the Bio 3D conduit with high cell viability. NHDFs in the Bio 3D conduit have the potential to differentiate into SCs-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yurie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisataka Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sadaki Mitsuzawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maki Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Nakayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Im JH, Lee JY, Yeon WH, Lee MK, Chung YG. The anatomy of the saphenous and sural nerves as a source of processed nerve allografts. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 21:547-555. [PMID: 32507993 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative to autologous nerve donors, acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) have been studied in many experiments. There have been numerous studies on processing ANAs and various studies on the clinical applications of ANA, but there have not been many studies on sources of ANAs. The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the course of the saphenous and sural nerves in human cadavers and help harvest auto- or allografts for clinical implications. Eighteen lower extremities of 16 fresh cadavers were dissected. For the saphenous nerve and sural nerve, the distances between each branch and the diameters at the midpoint between each branch were measured. In the saphenous nerve, the mean length between each branch ranged from 7.2 to 28.6 cm, and the midpoint diameter ranged from 1.4 to 3.2 mm. In the sural nerve, the mean length between each branch ranged from 17.4 to 21 cm, and the midpoint diameter ranged from 2.3 to 2.8 mm. The present study demonstrates the length of the saphenous and sural nerve without branches with diameters larger than 1 mm. With regard for the clinical implications of allografts, the harvest of a selective nerve length with a large enough diameter could be possible based on the data presented in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyung Im
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Joo-Yup Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | | | - Yang-Guk Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Li L, Yang J, Qin B, Wang H, Yang Y, Fang J, Chen G, Liu X, Tu Z, Gu L. Analysis of human acellular nerve allograft combined with contralateral C7 nerve root transfer for restoration of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion in brachial plexus injury: a mean 4-year follow-up. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:1914-1924. [PMID: 31026835 DOI: 10.3171/2019.2.jns182620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human acellular nerve allograft applications have increased in clinical practice, but no studies have quantified their influence on reconstruction outcomes for high-level, greater, and mixed nerves, especially the brachial plexus. The authors investigated the functional outcomes of human acellular nerve allograft reconstruction for nerve gaps in patients with brachial plexus injury (BPI) undergoing contralateral C7 (CC7) nerve root transfer to innervate the upper trunk, and they determined the independent predictors of recovery in shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. METHODS Forty-five patients with partial or total BPI were eligible for this retrospective study after CC7 nerve root transfer to the upper trunk using human acellular nerve allografts. Deltoid and biceps muscle strength, degree of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, and static two-point discrimination (S2PD) were examined according to the modified British Medical Research Council (mBMRC) scoring system, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) were scored to establish the function of the affected upper limb. Meaningful recovery was defined as grades of M3-M5 or S3-S4 based on the scoring system. Subgroup analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of human acellular nerve allograft reconstruction. RESULTS The mean follow-up duration and the mean human acellular nerve allograft length were 48.1 ± 10.1 months and 30.9 ± 5.9 mm, respectively. Deltoid and biceps muscle strength was grade M4 or M3 in 71.1% and 60.0% of patients. Patients in the following groups achieved a higher rate of meaningful recovery in deltoid and biceps strength, as well as lower DASH scores (p < 0.01): age < 20 years and age 20-29 years; allograft lengths ≤ 30 mm; and patients in whom the interval between injury and surgery was < 90 days. The meaningful sensory recovery rate was approximately 70% in the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and S2PD. According to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, age, interval between injury and surgery, and allograft length significantly influenced functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Human acellular nerve allografts offered safe reconstruction for 20- to 50-mm nerve gaps in procedures for CC7 nerve root transfer to repair the upper trunk after BPI. The group in which allograft lengths were ≤ 30 mm achieved better functional outcome than others, and the recommended length of allograft in this procedure was less than 30 mm. Age, interval between injury and surgery, and allograft length were independent predictors of functional outcomes after human acellular nerve allograft reconstruction.
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Li P, Chen Y, Yang K, Chen D, Kong D. Mechanical characteristics of BMSCs-intervened sciatic nerve in chronic alcohol-intoxicated animal model. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:650-656. [PMID: 32233713 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1750397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the mechanical properties of sciatic nerve in rats with chronic alcoholism (CA) and intervened with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and to provide biomechanical basis for clinical practice. METHODS the serum of the BMSCs-intervened CA rats was sampled and determined the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), metallothionein (CAS, MT), and Glutathione/r -glutamyl cysteinyl/glycine (GSH); meanwhile, the rats' sciatic nerve was tested the tensile and observed the histomorphological changes. RESULTS The mechanical properties of sciatic nerve in BMSCs-intervened CA rats, as well as the serum levels of MT and GSH, were significantly different from those in the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-intervened CA rats (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BMSCs intervention can restore the levels of MT, GSH, MDA, histomorphology, and tensile mechanical properties in CA animal model, and its effects on repairing sciatic nerve are obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yudong Chen
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Aviation Fundamental College, Aviation University of Air Force, Changchun, China
| | - Dachuan Chen
- Aviation Fundamental College, Aviation University of Air Force, Changchun, China
| | - Daliang Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Rbia N, Bulstra LF, Friedrich PF, Bishop AT, Nijhuis TH, Shin AY. Gene expression and growth factor analysis in early nerve regeneration following segmental nerve defect reconstruction with a mesenchymal stromal cell-enhanced decellularized nerve allograft. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2579. [PMID: 32095395 PMCID: PMC7015582 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying nerve repair by a decellularized nerve allograft seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and compare it to the unseeded allograft and autograft nerve. METHODS Undifferentiated MSCs were seeded onto decellularized nerve allografts and used to reconstruct a 10 mm gap in a rat sciatic nerve model. Gene expression profiles of genes essential for nerve regeneration and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for PGP9.5, NGF, RECA-1, and S100 were obtained 2 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the angiogenic molecule VEGFA was significantly increased in seeded allografts, and transcription factor SOX2 was downregulated in seeded allografts. Seeded grafts showed a significant increase in immunohistochemical markers NGF and RECA-1, when compared with unseeded allografts. CONCLUSIONS MSCs contributed to the secretion of trophic factors. A beneficial effect of the MSCs on angiogenesis was found when compared with the unseeded nerve allograft, but implanted MSCs did not show evidence of differentiation into Schwann cell-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rbia
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte F. Bulstra
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Allen T. Bishop
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Tim H.J. Nijhuis
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Y. Shin
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
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15
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Kubiak CA, Grochmal J, Kung TA, Cederna PS, Midha R, Kemp SWP. Stem-cell-based therapies to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Muscle Nerve 2019; 61:449-459. [PMID: 31725911 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury remains a major cause of morbidity in trauma patients. Despite advances in microsurgical techniques and improved understanding of nerve regeneration, obtaining satisfactory outcomes after peripheral nerve injury remains a difficult clinical problem. There is a growing body of evidence in preclinical animal studies demonstrating the supportive role of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. The characteristics of both mesoderm-derived and ectoderm-derived stem cell types and their role in peripheral nerve regeneration are discussed, specifically focusing on the presentation of both foundational laboratory studies and translational applications. The current state of clinical translation is presented, with an emphasis on both ethical considerations of using stems cells in humans and current governmental regulatory policies. Current advancements in cell-based therapies represent a promising future with regard to supporting nerve regeneration and achieving significant functional recovery after debilitating nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Kubiak
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joey Grochmal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theodore A Kung
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul S Cederna
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen W P Kemp
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ramli K, Gasim AI, Ahmad AA, Htwe O, Mohamed Haflah NH, Law ZK, Hasan S, Naicker AS, Mokhtar SA, Muhamad Ariffin MH, Baharudin A, Tan GC, Haji Idrus R, Abdullah S, Ng MH. Efficacy of Human Cell-Seeded Muscle-Stuffed Vein Conduit in Rat Sciatic Nerve Repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1438-1455. [PMID: 30848172 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of a muscle-stuffed vein (MSV) seeded with neural-transdifferentiated human mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative nerve conduit to repair a 15-mm sciatic nerve defect in athymic rats. Other rats received MSV conduit alone, commercial polyglycolic acid conduit (Neurotube®), reverse autograft, or were left untreated. Motor and sensory functions as well as nerve conductivity were evaluated for 12 weeks, after which the grafts were harvested for histological analyses. All rats in the treatment groups demonstrated a progressive increase in the mean Sciatic Functional Index (motor function) and nerve conduction amplitude (electrophysiological function) and showed positive withdrawal reflex (sensory function) by the 10th week of postimplantation. Autotomy, which is associated with neuropathic pain, was severe in rats treated with conduit without cells; there was mild or no autotomy in the rats of other groups. Histologically, harvested grafts from all except the untreated groups exhibited axonal regeneration with the presence of mature myelinated axons. In conclusion, treatment with MSV conduit is comparable to that of other treatment groups in supporting functional recovery following sciatic nerve injury; and the addition of cells in the conduit alleviates neuropathic pain. Impact Statement It is shown that pretreated muscle-stuffed vein conduit is comparable to that of commercial nerve conduit and autograft in supporting functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury. The addition of neural-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells in the conduit is shown to alleviate neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Ramli
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aminath Ifasha Gasim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amir Adham Ahmad
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Ohnmar Htwe
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hazla Mohamed Haflah
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhe Kang Law
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shariful Hasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Amaramalar Selvi Naicker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sabarul Afian Mokhtar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hisam Muhamad Ariffin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Baharudin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Haji Idrus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shalimar Abdullah
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li L, He WT, Qin BG, Liu XL, Yang JT, Gu LQ. Comparison between direct repair and human acellular nerve allografting during contralateral C7 transfer to the upper trunk for restoration of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2132-2140. [PMID: 31397352 PMCID: PMC6788224 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct coaptation of contralateral C7 to the upper trunk could avoid the interposition of nerve grafts. We have successfully shortened the gap and graft lengths, and even achieved direct coaptation. However, direct repair can only be performed in some selected cases, and partial procedures still require autografts, which are the gold standard for repairing neurologic defects. As symptoms often occur after autografting, human acellular nerve allografts have been used to avoid concomitant symptoms. This study investigated the quality of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion following direct repair and acellular allografting to evaluate issues requiring attention for brachial plexus injury repair. Fifty-one brachial plexus injury patients in the surgical database were eligible for this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods. Direct repair was performed in 27 patients, while acellular nerve allografts were used to bridge the gap between the contralateral C7 nerve root and upper trunk in 24 patients. The length of the harvested contralateral C7 nerve root was measured intraoperatively. Deltoid and biceps muscle strength, and degrees of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion were examined according to the British Medical Research Council scoring system; meaningful recovery was defined as M3–M5. Lengths of anterior and posterior divisions of the contralateral C7 in the direct repair group were 7.64 ± 0.69 mm and 7.55 ± 0.69 mm, respectively, and in the acellular nerve allografts group were 6.46 ± 0.58 mm and 6.43 ± 0.59 mm, respectively. After a minimum of 4-year follow-up, meaningful recoveries of deltoid and biceps muscles in the direct repair group were 88.89% and 85.19%, respectively, while they were 70.83% and 66.67% in the acellular nerve allografts group. Time to C5/C6 reinnervation was shorter in the direct repair group compared with the acellular nerve allografts group. Direct repair facilitated the restoration of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. Thus, if direct coaptation is not possible, use of acellular nerve allografts is a suitable option. This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China (Application ID: [2017] 290) on November 14, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Ting He
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ben-Gang Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Tao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Qiang Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Endo T, Kadoya K, Suzuki Y, Kawamura D, Iwasaki N. A Novel Experimental Model to Determine the Axon-Promoting Effects of Grafted Cells After Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:280. [PMID: 31316351 PMCID: PMC6611175 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although peripheral nerves can regenerate, clinical outcomes after peripheral nerve injuries are not always satisfactory, especially in cases of severe or proximal injuries. Further, autologous nerve grafting remains the gold standard for the reconstruction of peripheral nerves, although this method is still accompanied by issues of donor-site morbidity and limited supply. Cell therapy is a potential approach to overcome these issues. However, the optimal cell type for promoting axon regeneration remains unknown. Here, we report a novel experimental model dedicated to elucidation of the axon-promoting effects of candidate cell types using simple and standardized techniques. This model uses rat sciatic nerves and consists of a 25 mm-long acellular region and a crush site at each end. The acellular region was made by repeated freeze/thaw procedures with liquid nitrogen. Importantly, the new model does not require microsurgical procedures, which are technically demanding and greatly affect axon regeneration. To test the actual utility of this model, red fluorescent protein-expressing syngeneic Schwann cells (SCs), marrow stromal cells, or fibroblasts were grafted into the acellular area, followed by perfusion of the rat 2 weeks later. All types of grafted cells survived well. Quantification of regenerating axons demonstrated that SCs, but not the other cell types, promoted axon regeneration with minimum variability. Thus, this model is useful for differentiating the effects of various grafted cell types in axon regeneration. Interestingly, regardless of the grafted cell type, host SCs migrated into the acellular area, and the extent of axon regeneration was strongly correlated with the number of SCs. Moreover, all regenerating axons were closely associated with SCs. These findings suggest a critical role for SCs in peripheral nerve axon regeneration. Collectively, this novel experimental model is useful for elucidating the axon-promoting effects of grafted cells and for analyzing the biology of peripheral nerve axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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19
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Rbia N, Bulstra LF, Thaler R, Hovius SER, van Wijnen AJ, Shin AY. In Vivo Survival of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Enhanced Decellularized Nerve Grafts for Segmental Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. J Hand Surg Am 2019; 44:514.e1-514.e11. [PMID: 30301645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising tools for peripheral nerve reconstruction. There is a paucity of information regarding the ultimate survivorship of implanted MSCs or whether these cells remain where they are placed. The aim of the present study was to track the in vivo distribution and survival of MSCs seeded on a decellularized nerve allograft reconstruction of a peripheral nerve defect using luciferase-based bioluminescence imaging (BLI). METHODS To determine the in vivo survivability of MSCs, autologous Lewis rat MSCs were stably labeled with luciferase by lentiviral particles. Labeled cells were dynamically seeded onto a Sprague Dawley decellularized rat nerve allograft and used to bridge a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect. The MSC survival was determined by performing in vivo BLI to detect living cells. Twelve animals were examined at 24 hours after implantation, 3, 7, 9, 11, and 14 days, and at daily intervals thereafter if signals were still present. RESULTS Labeled MSCs could be detected for up to 29 days. Gradually diminishing BLI signals were observed within the first week following implantation. Implanted MSCs were not detected anywhere other than the site of surgery. CONCLUSIONS The MSCs seeded on decellularized nerve allografts can survive in vivo but have finite survival after implantation. There was no evidence of migration of MSCs to surrounding tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings support a therapeutic approach that combines MSCs with a biological scaffold for peripheral nerve surgery. It provides understanding of the viability and distribution of implanted MSCs, which is a prerequisite before clinical translation can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rbia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte F Bulstra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Steven E R Hovius
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Im JH, Lee JY, Lee S, Lee MG, Chung YG, Kim KW. Comparison of the regeneration induced by acellular nerve allografts processed with or without chondroitinase in a rat model. Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 20:307-319. [PMID: 31030290 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There have been various studies about the acellular nerve allograft (ANA) as the alternative of autologous nerve graft in the treatment of peripheral nerve defects. As well as the decellularization process methods of ANA, the various enhancement methods of regeneration of the grafted ANA were investigated. The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) inhibit the action of laminin which is important for nerve regeneration in the extracellular matrix of nerve. Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) has been reported that it enhances the nerve regeneration by degradation of CSPGs. The present study compared the regeneration of ANA between the processed without ChABC group and the processed with ChABC group in a rat sciatic nerve 15 mm gap model. At 12 weeks postoperatively, there was not a significant difference in the histomorphometric analysis. In the functional analysis, there were no significant differences in maximum isometric tetanic force, wet muscle weight of tibialis anterior. The processed without ChABC group had better result in ankle contracture angle significantly. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in the regeneration of ANA between the processed without ChABC group and the processed with ChABC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyung Im
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Joo-Yup Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | | | - Yang-Guk Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Won Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zheng MG, Sui WY, He ZD, Liu Y, Huang YL, Mu SH, Xu XZ, Zhang JS, Qu JL, Zhang J, Wang D. TrkA regulates the regenerative capacity of bone marrow stromal stem cells in nerve grafts. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1765-1771. [PMID: 31169194 PMCID: PMC6585565 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.257540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that overexpression of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) promotes the survival and Schwann cell-like differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells in nerve grafts, thereby enhancing the regeneration and functional recovery of the peripheral nerve. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of TrkA in bone marrow stromal stem cells seeded into nerve grafts. Bone marrow stromal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with recombinant lentivirus vector expressing rat TrkA, TrkA-shRNA or the respective control. The cells were then seeded into allogeneic rat acellular nerve allografts for bridging a 1-cm right sciatic nerve defect. Then, 8 weeks after surgery, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that compared with the control groups, the cells and fibers in the TrkA overexpressing group were more densely and uniformly arranged, whereas they were relatively sparse and arranged in a disordered manner in the TrkA-shRNA group. Western blot assay showed that compared with the control groups, the TrkA overexpressing group had higher expression of the myelin marker, myelin basic protein and the axonal marker neurofilament 200. The TrkA overexpressing group also had higher levels of various signaling molecules, including TrkA, pTrkA (Tyr490), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2), pErk1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), and the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. In contrast, these proteins were downregulated, while the pro-apoptotic factors Bax and Bad were upregulated, in the TrkA-shRNA group. The levels of the TrkA effectors Akt and pAkt (Ser473) were not different among the groups. These results suggest that TrkA enhances the survival and regenerative capacity of bone marrow stromal stem cells through upregulation of the Erk/Bcl-2 pathway. All procedures were approved by the Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee of Shenzhen University, China in December 2014 (approval No. AEWC-2014-001219).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ge Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen-Dan He
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Lin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Hua Mu
- Psychology & Social College of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ji-Sen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun-Le Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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22
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Qiao W, Lu L, Wu G, An X, Li D, Guo J. DPSCs seeded in acellular nerve grafts processed by Myroilysin improve nerve regeneration. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:819-833. [PMID: 30449254 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218812136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since synthetic nerve conduits do not exhibit ideal regeneration characteristics, they are generally inadequate substitutes for autologous nerve grafts in the repair of long peripheral nerve defects. To resolve this problem, in this study, a nerve regeneration acellular nerve graft (ANG) with homologous dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was constructed. Xenogeneic ANG was processed by Myroilysin to completely remove cells and myelin sheath, while preserving extracellular matrix (ECM) microstructure of the natural nerve. The study revealed that ANG could support cell attachment and proliferation and did not stimulate a vigorous host rejection response. After inoculation of rabbit DPSCs (r-DPSCs) onto ANG, cells were observed to align along the longitudinal axis of the acellular nerve matrix (ANM) and persistently express NGF and BDNF. Undifferentiated r-DPSCs also presented glial cell characteristics and promoted nerve regeneration after transplantation in vivo. We repaired 1 cm purebred New Zealand White Rabbits sciatic nerve defects using this nerve graft construction, and nerve gap regeneration was indicated by electrophysiological and histological analysis. Therefore, we conclude that the combination of an ANG processed by Myroilysin with DPSCs providing a microenvironment that increases nerve regeneration for repairing peripheral nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Qiao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xianglian An
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cryomedicine Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, PR China
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Uz M, Das SR, Ding S, Sakaguchi DS, Claussen JC, Mallapragada SK. Advances in Controlling Differentiation of Adult Stem Cells for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701046. [PMID: 29656561 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adult stems cells, possessing the ability to grow, migrate, proliferate, and transdifferentiate into various specific phenotypes, constitute a great asset for peripheral nerve regeneration. Adult stem cells' ability to undergo transdifferentiation is sensitive to various cell-to-cell interactions and external stimuli involving interactions with physical, mechanical, and chemical cues within their microenvironment. Various studies have employed different techniques for transdifferentiating adult stem cells from distinct sources into specific lineages (e.g., glial cells and neurons). These techniques include chemical and/or electrical induction as well as cell-to-cell interactions via co-culture along with the use of various 3D conduit/scaffold designs. Such scaffolds consist of unique materials that possess controllable physical/mechanical properties mimicking cells' natural extracellular matrix. However, current limitations regarding non-scalable transdifferentiation protocols, fate commitment of transdifferentiated stem cells, and conduit/scaffold design have required new strategies for effective stem cells transdifferentiation and implantation. In this progress report, a comprehensive review of recent advances in the transdifferentiation of adult stem cells via different approaches along with multifunctional conduit/scaffolds designs is presented for peripheral nerve regeneration. Potential cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways associated with differentiation are also included. The discussion with current challenges in the field and an outlook toward future research directions is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Uz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Suprem R. Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Shaowei Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Donald S. Sakaguchi
- Neuroscience Program Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Jonathan C. Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Surya K. Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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Lin T, Liu S, Chen S, Qiu S, Rao Z, Liu J, Zhu S, Yan L, Mao H, Zhu Q, Quan D, Liu X. Hydrogel derived from porcine decellularized nerve tissue as a promising biomaterial for repairing peripheral nerve defects. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:326-338. [PMID: 29649641 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized matrix hydrogels derived from tissues or organs have been used for tissue repair due to their biocompatibility, tunability, and tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components. However, the preparation of decellularized peripheral nerve matrix hydrogels and their use to repair nerve defects have not been reported. Here, we developed a hydrogel from porcine decellularized nerve matrix (pDNM-G), which was confirmed to have minimal DNA content and retain collagen and glycosaminoglycans content, thereby allowing gelatinization. The pDNM-G exhibited a nanofibrous structure similar to that of natural ECM, and a ∼280-Pa storage modulus at 10 mg/mL similar to that of native neural tissues. Western blot and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the pDNM-G consisted mostly of ECM proteins and contained primary ECM-related proteins, including fibronectin and collagen I and IV). In vitro experiments showed that pDNM-G supported Schwann cell proliferation and preserved cell morphology. Additionally, in a 15-mm rat sciatic nerve defect model, pDNM-G was combined with electrospun poly(lactic-acid)-co-poly(trimethylene-carbonate)conduits to bridge the defect, which did not elicit an adverse immune response and promoted the activation of M2 macrophages associated with a constructive remodeling response. Morphological analyses and electrophysiological and functional examinations revealed that the regenerative outcomes achieved by pDNM-G were superior to those by empty conduits and closed to those using rat decellularized nerve matrix allograft scaffolds. These findings indicated that pDNM-G, with its preserved ECM composition and nanofibrous structure, represents a promising biomaterial for peripheral nerve regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Decellularized nerve allografts have been widely used to treat peripheral nerve injury. However, given their limited availability and lack of bioactive factors, efforts have been made to improve the efficacy of decellularized nerve allograft for nerve regeneration, with limited success. Xenogeneic decellularized tissue matrices or hydrogels have been widely used for surgical applications owing to their ease of harvesting and low immunogenicity. Moreover, decellularized tissue matrix hydrogels show good biocompatibility and are highly tunable. In this study, we prepared a porcine decellularized nerve matrix (pDNM-G) and evaluated its potential for promoting nerve regeneration. Our results demonstrate that pDNM-G can support Schwann cell proliferation and peripheral nerve regeneration by means of residual primary extracellular matrix components and nano-fibrous structure features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Rao
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianghui Liu
- Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Yan
- Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiquan Mao
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Qingtang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Daping Quan
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Das S, Bellare JR. Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Customized 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Regeneration of Peripheral Nervous System. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 2125:157-166. [PMID: 30294747 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells of neuroectodermal origin; they provide an encouraging perspective in the domain of nerve tissue engineering. DPSCs could be transplanted in biodegradable electrospun neuro-supportive scaffold (optimized in various 3D geometries like coating on the surface of titanium implant, hollow/solid tubes, etc.) for enhanced in vivo recovery of peripheral nerves. Herein, we describe the fabrication of uniform bead-free nanofibrous scaffold which supports DPSCs, proliferation, and their subsequent neural differentiation and thus could be utilized for enhanced regeneration of peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayesh R Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. .,Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering (WRCB), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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Su CF, Chang LH, Kao CY, Lee DC, Cho KH, Kuo LW, Chang H, Wang YH, Chiu IM. Application of amniotic fluid stem cells in repairing sciatic nerve injury in minipigs. Brain Res 2018; 1678:397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rosko AJ, Kupfer RA, Oh SS, Haring CT, Feldman EL, Hogikyan ND. Immunohistologic analysis of spontaneous recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation in a rat model. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:E117-E122. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Rosko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Michigan Health Center; Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A
| | - Robbi A. Kupfer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Michigan Health Center; Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A
| | - Sang S. Oh
- Department of Neurology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A
| | - Catherine T. Haring
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Michigan Health Center; Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A
| | - Norman D. Hogikyan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Michigan Health Center; Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A
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Dabrowska S, Sypecka J, Jablonska A, Strojek L, Wielgos M, Domanska-Janik K, Sarnowska A. Neuroprotective Potential and Paracrine Activity of Stromal Vs. Culture-Expanded hMSC Derived from Wharton Jelly under Co-Cultured with Hippocampal Organotypic Slices. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:6021-6036. [PMID: 29134515 PMCID: PMC5994221 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of enormous translational progress in stem cell clinical application, our knowledge about biological determinants of transplantation-related protection is still limited. In addition to adequate selection of the cell source well dedicated to a specific disease and optimal standardization of all other pre-transplant procedures, we have decided to focus more attention to the impact of culture time and environment itself on molecular properties and regenerative capacity of cell cultured in vitro. The aim of this investigation was to determine neuroprotection-linked cell phenotypic and functional changes that could spontaneously take place when freshly isolated Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSC) undergo standard selection, growth, and spontaneous differentiation throughout passaging in vitro. For determining their neuroprotective potential, we used experimental model of human WJ-MSC co-culture with intact or oxygen-glucose-deprived (OGD) rat organotypic hippocampal culture (OHC). It has been shown that putative molecular mechanisms mediating regenerative interactions between WJ-MSC and OHC slices relies mainly on mesenchymal cell paracrine activity. Interestingly, it has been also found that the strongest protective effect is exerted by the co-culture with freshly isolated umbilical cord tissue fragments and by the first cohort of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) migrating out of these fragments (passage 0). Culturing of WJ-derived hMSC in well-controlled standard conditions under air atmosphere up to fourth passage caused unexpected decline of neuroprotective cell effectiveness toward OGD-OHC in the co-culture model. This further correlated with substantial changes in the WJ-MSC phenotype, profile of their paracrine activities as well as with the recipient tissue reaction evaluated by changes in the rat-specific neuroprotection-linked gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dabrowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jablonska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Strojek
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Wielgos
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Domanska-Janik
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland.
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Zheng M, Duan J, He Z, Wang Z, Mu S, Zeng Z, Qu J, Wang D, Zhang J. Transplantation of bone marrow stromal stem cells overexpressing tropomyosin receptor kinase A for peripheral nerve repair. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:916-926. [PMID: 28571657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Previously we reported that overexpression of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) could improve the survival and Schwann-like cell differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) in nerve grafts for bridging rat sciatic nerve defects. The aim of this study was to investigate how TrkA affects the efficacy of BMSCs transplantation on peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. METHODS Rat BMSCs were infected with recombinant lentiviruses to construct TrkA-overexpressing BMSCs and TrkA-shRNA-expressing BMSCs, which were then seeded in acellular nerve allografts for bridging 10-mm rat sciatic nerve defects. RESULTS At 8 weeks post-transplantation, compared with Vector and Control BMSCs-laden groups, TrkA-overexpressing BMSCs-laden group demonstrated obviously improved axon growth, such as significantly higher expression of myelin basic protein and superior results of myelinated fiber density, axon diameter and myelin sheaths thickness. In accordance with this increased nerve regeneration, the animals of TrkA-overexpressing BMSCs-laden group showed significantly better restoration of sciatic nerve function, manifested as greater sciatic function index value and superior electrophysiological parameters including shorter onset latency and higher peak amplitude of compound motor action potentials and faster nerve conduction velocity. However, these beneficial effects could be reversed in TrkA-shRNA-expressing BMSCs-laden group, which showed much fewer and smaller axons with thinner myelin sheaths and correspondingly poor functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that TrkA may regulate the regenerative potential of BMSCs in nerve grafts, and TrkA overexpression can enhance the efficacy of BMSCs on peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery, which may help establish novel strategies for repairing peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meige Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junxiu Duan
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Shekou people's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhua Mu
- Psychology & Social College of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwen Zeng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Yurie H, Ikeguchi R, Aoyama T, Kaizawa Y, Tajino J, Ito A, Ohta S, Oda H, Takeuchi H, Akieda S, Tsuji M, Nakayama K, Matsuda S. The efficacy of a scaffold-free Bio 3D conduit developed from human fibroblasts on peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171448. [PMID: 28192527 PMCID: PMC5305253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although autologous nerve grafting is the gold standard treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, several alternative methods have been developed, including nerve conduits that use supportive cells. However, the seeding efficacy and viability of supportive cells injected in nerve grafts remain unclear. Here, we focused on a novel completely biological, tissue-engineered, scaffold-free conduit. METHODS We developed six scaffold-free conduits from human normal dermal fibroblasts using a Bio 3D Printer. Twelve adult male rats with immune deficiency underwent mid-thigh-level transection of the right sciatic nerve. The resulting 5-mm nerve gap was bridged using 8-mm Bio 3D conduits (Bio 3D group, n = 6) and silicone tube (silicone group, n = 6). Several assessments were conducted to examine nerve regeneration eight weeks post-surgery. RESULTS Kinematic analysis revealed that the toe angle to the metatarsal bone at the final segment of the swing phase was significantly higher in the Bio 3D group than the silicone group (-35.78 ± 10.68 versus -62.48 ± 6.15, respectively; p < 0.01). Electrophysiological studies revealed significantly higher compound muscle action potential in the Bio 3D group than the silicone group (53.60 ± 26.36% versus 2.93 ± 1.84%; p < 0.01). Histological and morphological studies revealed neural cell expression in all regions of the regenerated nerves and the presence of many well-myelinated axons in the Bio 3D group. The wet muscle weight of the tibialis anterior muscle was significantly higher in the Bio 3D group than the silicone group (0.544 ± 0.063 versus 0.396 ± 0.031, respectively; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that scaffold-free Bio 3D conduits composed entirely of fibroblast cells promote nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yurie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Kaizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iseikai Yawata Chuo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichi Tajino
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Souichi Ohta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisataka Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Koichi Nakayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Jiang L, Jones S, Jia X. Stem Cell Transplantation for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Current Options and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010094. [PMID: 28067783 PMCID: PMC5297728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration is a complicated process highlighted by Wallerian degeneration, axonal sprouting, and remyelination. Schwann cells play an integral role in multiple facets of nerve regeneration but obtaining Schwann cells for cell-based therapy is limited by the invasive nature of harvesting and donor site morbidity. Stem cell transplantation for peripheral nerve regeneration offers an alternative cell-based therapy with several regenerative benefits. Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into Schwann-like cells that recruit macrophages for removal of cellular debris. They also can secrete neurotrophic factors to promote axonal growth, and remyelination. Currently, various types of stem cell sources are being investigated for their application to peripheral nerve regeneration. This review highlights studies involving the stem cell types, the mechanisms of their action, methods of delivery to the injury site, and relevant pre-clinical or clinical data. The purpose of this article is to review the current point of view on the application of stem cell based strategy for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfu Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Salazar Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Zheng M, Duan J, He Z, Wang Z, Mu S, Zeng Z, Qu J, Zhang J, Wang D. Overexpression of tropomyosin receptor kinase A improves the survival and Schwann-like cell differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in nerve grafts for bridging rat sciatic nerve defects. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1256-69. [PMID: 27497699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into Schwann-like cells in vivo and effectively promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery as the seed cells for peripheral nerve repair. However, the survival rate and neural differentiation rate of the transplanted BMSCs are very low, which would limit their efficacy. METHODS In this work, rat BMSCs were infected by recombinant lentiviruses to construct tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA)-overexpressing BMSCs and TrkA-shRNA-expressing BMSCs, which were then used in transplantation for rat sciatic nerve defects. RESULTS We showed that lentivirus-mediated overexpression of TrkA in BMSCs can promote cell survival and protect against serum-starve-induced apoptosis in vitro. At 8 weeks after transplantation, the Schwann-like differentiated ratio of the existing implanted cells had reached 74.8 ± 1.6% in TrkA-overexpressing BMSCs-laden nerve grafts, while 40.7 ± 2.3% and 42.3 ± 1.5% in vector and control BMSCs-laden nerve grafts, but only 8.2 ± 1.8% in TrkA-shRNA-expressing BMSCs-laden nerve grafts. The cell apoptosis ratio of the existing implanted cells in TrkA-overexpressing BMSCs-laden nerve grafts was 16.5 ± 1.2%, while 33.9 ± 1.9% and 42.6 ± 2.9% in vector and control BMSCs-laden nerve grafts, but 87.2 ± 2.5% in TrkA-shRNA-expressing BMSCs-laden nerve grafts. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that TrkA overexpression can improve the survival and Schwann-like cell differentiation of BMSCs and prevent cell death in nerve grafts, which may have potential implication in advancing cell transplantation for peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meige Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junxiu Duan
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Shekou People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhua Mu
- Psychology & Social College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwen Zeng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China.
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Cui WL, Qiu LH, Lian JY, Li JC, Hu J, Liu XL. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein enhances the vascularization of acellular nerves. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:512-8. [PMID: 27127495 PMCID: PMC4829021 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.179078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization of acellular nerves has been shown to contribute to nerve bridging. In this study, we used a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect model in rats to determine whether cartilage oligomeric matrix protein enhances the vascularization of injured acellular nerves. The rat nerve defects were treated with acellular nerve grafting (control group) alone or acellular nerve grafting combined with intraperitoneal injection of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (experimental group). As shown through two-dimensional imaging, the vessels began to invade into the acellular nerve graft from both anastomotic ends at day 7 post-operation, and gradually covered the entire graft at day 21. The vascular density, vascular area, and the velocity of revascularization in the experimental group were all higher than those in the control group. These results indicate that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein enhances the vascularization of acellular nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long-Hai Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Yan Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Chun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhu S, Liu J, Zheng C, Gu L, Zhu Q, Xiang J, He B, Zhou X, Liu X. Analysis of human acellular nerve allograft reconstruction of 64 injured nerves in the hand and upper extremity: a 3 year follow-up study. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2314-2322. [PMID: 27098545 DOI: 10.1002/term.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Guangdong; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Liu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Guangdong; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Canbin Zheng
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Guangdong; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Guangdong; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtang Zhu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Guangdong; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xiang
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Guangdong; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Guangdong; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Guangdong; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Guangdong; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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Zarbakhsh S, Goudarzi N, Shirmohammadi M, Safari M. Histological Study of Bone Marrow and Umbilical Cord Stromal Cell Transplantation in Regenerating Rat Peripheral Nerve. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 17:668-77. [PMID: 26862526 PMCID: PMC4746417 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Bone marrow and umbilical cord stromal cells are multipotential stem cells
that have the ability to produce growth factors that play an important role in survival and
generation of axons. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of the two different
mesenchymal stem cells on peripheral nerve regeneration.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, a 10 mm segment of the left sciatic
nerve of male Wistar rats (250-300 g) was removed with a silicone tube interposed into
this nerve gap. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and human umbilical cord stromal
cells (HUCSCs) were respectively obtained from rat and human. The cells were sepa-
rately cultured and transplanted into the nerve gap. The sciatic nerve regeneration was
evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and light and electron microscopy. Moreover, histo-
morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle was observed.
Results The nerve regeneration in the BMSCs and HUCSCs groups that had received
the stem cells was significantly more favorable than the control group. In addition, the BM-
SCs group was significantly more favorable than the HUCSCs group (P<0.05).
Conclusion The results of this study suggest that both homograft BMSCs and het-
erograft HUCSCs may have the potential to regenerate peripheral nerve injury and
transplantation of BMSCs may be more effective than HUCSCs in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Zarbakhsh
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nasim Goudarzi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirmohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Safari
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Tajdaran K, Gordon T, Wood MD, Shoichet MS, Borschel GH. A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery system enhances nerve regeneration across acellular nerve allografts. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:62-70. [PMID: 26441127 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) are used clinically to bridge nerve gaps but these grafts, lacking Schwann cells and therapeutic levels of neurotrophic factors, do not support regeneration to the same extent as autografts. Here we investigated a local drug delivery system (DDS) for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) controlled release to implanted ANAs in rats using drug-loaded polymeric microspheres (MSs) embedded in a fibrin gel. In a rat hindlimb nerve gap model, a 10mm ANA was used to bridge a 5mm common peroneal (CP) nerve gap. Experimental groups received DDS treatment at both suture sites of the allografts releasing GDNF for either 2 weeks or 4 weeks. In negative control groups, rats received no DDS treatment or empty DDS. Rats receiving nerve isografts served as the positive control group. The numbers of motor and sensory neurons that regenerated their axons in all the groups with GDNF MS and isograft treatment were indistinguishable and significantly higher as compared to the negative control groups. Nerve histology distal to the nerve graft demonstrated increased axon counts and a shift to larger fiber diameters due to GDNF MS treatment. The sustained delivery of GDNF to the implanted ANA achieved in this study demonstrates the promise of this DDS for the management of severe nerve injuries in which allografts are placed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work addresses the common clinical situation in which a nerve gap is bridged using acellular nerve allografts. However, these allografts are not as effective in supporting nerve regeneration as the gold standard method of autografting. The novel local drug delivery system used in this study provides sustained and controlled release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), one of the most potent neurotrophic factors, which significantly improves nerve regeneration following severe nerve injuries. Results from this research will provide a mean of improving nerve allografts with locally delivered GDNF. This strategy may lead to a novel "off the shelf" alternative to the current management of severe nerve injuries.
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PERIPHERAL NERVE REGENERATION: CELL THERAPY AND NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS. Rev Bras Ortop 2015; 46:643-9. [PMID: 27027067 PMCID: PMC4799329 DOI: 10.1016/s2255-4971(15)30319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve trauma results in functional loss in the innervated organ, and recovery without surgical intervention is rare. Many surgical techniques can be used for nerve repair. Among these, the tubulization technique can be highlighted: this allows regenerative factors to be introduced into the chamber. Cell therapy and tissue engineering have arisen as an alternative for stimulating and aiding peripheral nerve regeneration. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide a survey and analysis on the results from experimental and clinical studies that used cell therapy and tissue engineering as tools for optimizing the regeneration process. The articles used came from the LILACS, Medline and SciELO scientific databases. Articles on the use of stem cells, Schwann cells, growth factors, collagen, laminin and platelet-rich plasma for peripheral nerve repair were summarized over the course of the review. Based on these studies, it could be concluded that the use of stem cells derived from different sources presents promising results relating to nerve regeneration, because these cells have a capacity for neuronal differentiation, thus demonstrating effective functional results. The use of tubes containing bioactive elements with controlled release also optimizes the nerve repair, thus promoting greater myelination and axonal growth of peripheral nerves. Another promising treatment is the use of platelet-rich plasma, which not only releases growth factors that are important in nerve repair, but also serves as a carrier for exogenous factors, thereby stimulating the proliferation of specific cells for peripheral nerve repair.
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Abstract
Multiple treatment options are available for patients who have peripheral nerve injuries with a gap. Decellular nerve allografts are one option and provide an extracellular scaffold for neuronal cells to migrate for axonal regrowth. Immunosuppression is not needed because improved nerve processing technologies have rendered decellular nerve allografts nonimmunogenic. These allografts have also shown promising results in both animal and human studies as an alternative repair option.
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Zhou LN, Cui XJ, Su KX, Wang XH, Guo JH. Beneficial reciprocal effects of bone marrow stromal cells and Schwann cells from adult rats in a dynamic co‑culture system in vitro without intercellular contact. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4931-8. [PMID: 26133460 PMCID: PMC4581791 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to examine how implanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) encourage peripheral nerve regeneration, the present study investigated the interaction of BMSCs and Schwann cells (SCs) using an indirect in vitro co‑culture model. SCs and BMSCs were obtained from adult Sprague‑Dawley rats. The passaged BMSCs were CD29‑ and CD44‑positive but CD45‑negative and were co‑cultured with the primary SCs using a Millicell system, which allows BMSCs and SCs to grow in the same culture medium but without direct contact. Expression of the typical SC markers S‑100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) of the treated BMSCs as well as the proliferation capacity of the co‑cultured SCs was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining on the 3rd and 5th day of co‑culture. Immunocytochemical staining showed that >75% of the BMSCs in the indirect co‑culture model were GFAP‑ and S‑100‑positive on the 3rd and 5th day after co‑culture, as opposed to <5% of the BMSCs in the control group. On the 3rd day after co‑culture, only a few co‑cultured BMSCs showed the typical SC‑like morphology, while most BMSCs still kept their native appearance. By contrast, on the 5th day after co‑culture, almost all of the co‑cultured BMSCs appeared with the typical SC‑like morphology. Furthermore, 70.71% of the SCs in the indirect co‑culture model were S‑100‑positive on the 5th day of co‑culture, as opposed to >30.43% of the SCs in the control group. These results indicated that BMSCs may interact synergistically with SCs with regard to promoting peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Xin Su
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hua Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
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Onuma-Ukegawa M, Bhatt K, Hirai T, Kaburagi H, Sotome S, Wakabayashi Y, Ichinose S, Shinomiya K, Okawa A, Enomoto M. Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Combined with a Honeycomb Collagen Sponge Facilitate Neurite Elongation in Vitro and Neural Restoration in the Hemisected Rat Spinal Cord. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:1283-97. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x682134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, researchers and clinicians have reported that transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) promotes functional recovery after brain or spinal cord injury (SCI). However, an appropriate scaffold designed for the injured spinal cord is needed to enhance the survival of transplanted BMSCs and to promote nerve regeneration. We previously tested a honeycomb collagen sponge (HC), which when applied to the transected spinal cord allowed bridging of the gap with nerve fibers. In this study, we examined whether the HC implant combined with rat BMSCs increases nerve regeneration in vitro and enhances functional recovery in vivo. We first evaluated the neurite outgrowth of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants cultured on HC with or without BMSCs in vitro. Regeneration of neurites from the DRGs was increased by BMSCs combined with HC scaffolds. In the in vivo study, 3-mm-long HC scaffolds with or without BMSCs were implanted into the hemisected rat thoracic spinal cord. Four weeks after the procedure, rats implanted with HC scaffolds containing BMSCs displayed better motor and sensory recovery than those implanted with HC scaffolds only. Histologically, more CGRP-positive sensory fibers at the implanted site and 5-HT-positive serotonergic fibers contralateral to the implanted site were observed in spinal cords receiving BMSCs. Furthermore, more rubrospinal neurons projected distally to the HC implant containing BMSCs. Our study indicates that the application of BMSCs in a HC scaffold in the injured spinal cord directly promoted sensory nerve and rubrospinal tract regeneration, thus resulting in functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Onuma-Ukegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kush Bhatt
- Imperial College, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Exchange Program, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirai
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kaburagi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sotome
- Department of Orthopaedic Research and Development, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Wakabayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Instrumental Analysis Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Shinomiya
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Enomoto
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kaizawa Y, Kakinoki R, Ikeguchi R, Ohta S, Noguchi T, Oda H, Matsuda S. Bridging a 30 mm defect in the canine ulnar nerve using vessel-containing conduits with implantation of bone marrow stromal cells. Microsurgery 2015; 36:316-24. [PMID: 25773965 DOI: 10.1002/micr.22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that undifferentiated bone marrow stromal cell (uBMSC) implantation and vessel insertion into a nerve conduit facilitated peripheral nerve regeneration in a rodent model. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of the uBMSC-laden vessel-containing conduit in repair of segmental nerve defects, using a canine model. Eight beagle dogs were used in this study. Thirty-millimeter ulnar nerve defects were repaired with the conduits (right forelimbs, n = 8) or autografts (left forelimbs, n = 7). In the conduit group, the ulnar artery was inserted into the l-lactide/ε-caprolactone tube, which was filled with autologous uBMSCs obtained from the ilium. In the autograft group, the reversed nerve segments were sutured in situ. At 8 weeks, one dog with only nerve repair with the conduit was sacrificed and the regenerated nerve in the conduit underwent immunohistochemistry for investigation of the differentiation capability of the implanted uBMSCs. In the remaining seven dogs, the repaired nerves underwent electrophysiological examination at 12 and 24 weeks and morphometric measurements at 24 weeks. The wet weight of hypothenar muscles was measured at 24 weeks. At 8 weeks, almost 35% of the implanted uBMSCs expressed glial markers. At 12 weeks, amplitude (0.4 ± 0.4mV) and conduction velocity (18.9 ± 14.3m/s) were significantly lower in the conduit group than in the autograft group (3.2 ± 2.5 mV, 34.9 ± 12.1 m/s, P < 0.05). Although the nerve regeneration in the conduit group was inferior when compared with the autograft group at 24 weeks, there were no significant differences between both groups, regarding amplitude (10.9 ± 7.3 vs. 25.3 ± 20.1 mV; P = 0.11), conduction velocity (23.5 ± 8.7 vs 31.6 ± 20.0m/s; P = 0.35), myelinated axon number (7032 ± 4188 vs 7165 ± 1814; P = 0.94), diameter (1.73 ± 0.31 vs 2.09 ± 0.39μm; P = 0.09), or muscle weight (1.02 ± 0.40 vs 1.19 ± 0.26g; P = 0.36). In conclusion, this study showed that vessel-containing tubes with uBMSC implantation may be an option for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. However, further investigations are needed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:316-324, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Kaizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kakinoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Souichi Ohta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takashi Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
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Fairbairn NG, Meppelink AM, Ng-Glazier J, Randolph MA, Winograd JM. Augmenting peripheral nerve regeneration using stem cells: A review of current opinion. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:11-26. [PMID: 25621102 PMCID: PMC4300921 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcomes following peripheral nerve injury remain frustratingly poor. The reasons for this are multifactorial, although maintaining a growth permissive environment in the distal nerve stump following repair is arguably the most important. The optimal environment for axonal regeneration relies on the synthesis and release of many biochemical mediators that are temporally and spatially regulated with a high level of incompletely understood complexity. The Schwann cell (SC) has emerged as a key player in this process. Prolonged periods of distal nerve stump denervation, characteristic of large gaps and proximal injuries, have been associated with a reduction in SC number and ability to support regenerating axons. Cell based therapy offers a potential therapy for the improvement of outcomes following peripheral nerve reconstruction. Stem cells have the potential to increase the number of SCs and prolong their ability to support regeneration. They may also have the ability to rescue and replenish populations of chromatolytic and apoptotic neurons following axotomy. Finally, they can be used in non-physiologic ways to preserve injured tissues such as denervated muscle while neuronal ingrowth has not yet occurred. Aside from stem cell type, careful consideration must be given to differentiation status, how stem cells are supported following transplantation and how they will be delivered to the site of injury. It is the aim of this article to review current opinions on the strategies of stem cell based therapy for the augmentation of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Feng Y, Wang J, Ling S, Li Z, Li M, Li Q, Ma Z, Yu S. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal cells on fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix as a tissue engineered nerve scaffold. Neural Regen Res 2015; 9:1968-78. [PMID: 25598779 PMCID: PMC4283279 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.145378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix as a scaffold for supporting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells following induction with neural differentiation medium. We performed long-term, continuous observation of cell morphology, growth, differentiation, and neuronal development using several microscopy techniques in conjunction with immunohistochemistry. We examined specific neuronal proteins and Nissl bodies involved in the differentiation process in order to determine the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The results show that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate on fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix display neuronal morphology with unipolar and bi/multipolar neurite elongations that express neuronal-specific proteins, including βIII tubulin. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grown on fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix and induced for long periods of time with neural differentiation medium differentiated into a multilayered neural network-like structure with long nerve fibers that was composed of several parallel microfibers and neuronal cells, forming a complete neural circuit with dendrite-dendrite to axon-dendrite to dendrite-axon synapses. In addition, growth cones with filopodia were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Paraffin sectioning showed differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with the typical features of neuronal phenotype, such as a large, round nucleus and a cytoplasm full of Nissl bodies. The data suggest that the biological scaffold fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix is capable of supporting human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into functional neurons and the subsequent formation of tissue engineered nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Feng
- Animal Medicine College of Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China ; Gansu Provincial Animal Cell Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Systems Biology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixin Ling
- Gansu Provincial Animal Cell Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Gansu Provincial Animal Cell Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Gansu Provincial Animal Cell Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qiongyi Li
- Gansu Provincial Animal Cell Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zongren Ma
- Gansu Provincial Animal Cell Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- Animal Medicine College of Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Seyed Foroutan K, Khodarahmi A, Alavi H, Pedram S, Baghaban Eslaminejad MR, Bordbar S. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and vein conduit on sciatic nerve repair in rats. Trauma Mon 2015; 20:e23325. [PMID: 25825699 PMCID: PMC4362034 DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral nerve repair with sufficient functional recovery is an important issue in reconstructive surgery. Stem cells have attracted extensive research interest in recent years. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the vein conduit technique, with and without the addition of mesenchymal stem cells in gap-less nerve injury repair in rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 36 Wistar rats were randomly allocated to three groups: In the first group, nerve repair was performed with simple neurorrhaphy (control group), in the second group, nerve repair was done with vein conduit over site (vein conduit group) and in the third group, bone marrow stem cells were instilled into the vein conduit (stem cell group) after nerve repair with vein conduit over site. Six weeks after the intervention, the sciatic function index, electrophysiological study and histological examination were performed. Results: All animals tolerated the surgical procedures and survived well. The sciatic function index and latency were significantly improved in the vein conduit (P = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively) and stem cell group (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively) compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed in sciatic function and latency between the vein conduit and stem-cell groups. Moreover, histological analysis showed no significant difference in regenerative density between these two groups. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the meticulous microsurgical nerve repair, which was performed using the vein tubulization induced significantly better sciatic nerve regeneration. However, the addition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell to vein conduit failed to promote any significant changes in regeneration outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Seyed Foroutan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Kamal Seyed Foroutan, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188890889, E-mail:
| | - Ali Khodarahmi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Bahonar Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Hootan Alavi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Sepehr Pedram
- Veterinary Faculty, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Sima Bordbar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IR Iran
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Sridharan R, Reilly RB, Buckley CT. Decellularized grafts with axially aligned channels for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 41:124-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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47
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Mendiola A. Tissue Engineered Conduit. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6335-0_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and neovascularization after acellular nerve allografts in a rat model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:273-82. [PMID: 25319407 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether or not ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) enhances peripheral nerve regeneration and vascularization after repair using acellular nerve allografts (ANA). Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: a unilateral 15-mm sciatic nerve defect was created and repaired with an autologous graft (autograft group); the same defect was repaired with an 18 mm ANA with an i.p. injection of normal saline for 10 days (saline group); and in the final group, the same defect was repaired with an 18 mm ANA with an i.p. injection of EGb 761 for 10 days (EGb 761 group). Axon outgrowth and vascularization were evaluated by immunocytochemistry 14 days post-implantation. The expression of genes associated with angiogenesis was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seven days post-implantation. Compared with the saline group, rats in the EGb 761 group significantly increased the number of myelinated fibers and the average diameter of the nerves within the graft. There is no significant difference between the EGb 761 group and the autograft group. The expression of CD34 and NF200 was significantly higher in the EGb 761 group than in the saline group. Additionally, EGb 761 treatment increased the expression of several angiogenesis-related genes, including Vegf, SOX18, Prom 1, and IL-6. In conclusion, ANA repair with EGb 761 treatment demonstrates effects on peripheral nerve regeneration and vascularization that are equal to those of autologous graft repair, and that are superior to ANA repair alone.
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49
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Wang D, Huang X, Fu G, Gu L, Liu X, Wang H, Hu J, Yi J, Niu X, Zhu Q. A simple model of radial nerve injury in the rhesus monkey to evaluate peripheral nerve repair. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1041-6. [PMID: 25206757 PMCID: PMC4146303 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.133166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research on bone marrow stem cell transplantation and autologous or xenogenic nerve transplantation for peripheral nerve regeneration has mainly focused on the repair of peripheral nerve defects in rodents. In this study, we established a standardized experimental model of radial nerve defects in primates and evaluated the effect of repair on peripheral nerve injury. We repaired 2.5-cm lesions in the radial nerve of rhesus monkeys by transplantation of autografts, acellular allografts, or acellular allografts seeded with autologous bone marrow stem cells. Five months after surgery, regenerated nerve tissue was assessed for function, electrophysiology, and histomorphometry. Postoperative functional recovery was evaluated by the wrist-extension test. Compared with the simple autografts, the acellular allografts and allografts seeded with bone marrow stem cells facilitated remarkable recovery of the wrist-extension functions in the rhesus monkeys. This functional improvement was coupled with radial nerve distal axon growth, a higher percentage of neuron survival, increased nerve fiber density and diameter, increased myelin sheath thickness, and increased nerve conduction velocities and peak amplitudes of compound motor action potentials. Furthermore, the quality of nerve regeneration in the bone marrow stem cells-laden allografts group was comparable to that achieved with autografts. The wrist-extension test is a simple behavioral method for objective quantification of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xijun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianhua Yi
- Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingtang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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50
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Fan L, Yu Z, Li J, Dang X, Wang K. Immunoregulation effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in xenogeneic acellular nerve grafts transplant. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:999-1010. [PMID: 24935408 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) combined with xenogeneic acellular nerve grafts (xANGs) would reduce the inflammation reaction of xANGs transplantation. BM-MSCs were extracted, separated, purified, and cultured from the bone marrow of rats. Then BM-MSCs were seeded into 5 mm xANGs as experimental group, while xANGs group was chosen as control. Subcutaneous implantation and nerve grafts transplantation were done in this study. Walking-track tests, electrophysiological tests, H&E staining, and immunostaining of CD4, CD8, and CD68 of subcutaneous implantations, cytokine concentrations of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α in lymphocytes supernatants and serum of the two groups were evaluated. Walking-track tests and electrophysiological tests suggested the group of BM-MSCs with xANGs obtained better results than xANGs group (P < 0.05). H&E staining and immunostaining of CD4, CD8, and CD68 of subcutaneous implantations showed there were less inflammatory cells in the group of BM-MSCs when compared with the xANGs group. The cytokine concentrations of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in BM-MSCs group were lower than xANGs group in lymphocytes supernatants and serum (P < 0.05). However, IL-10 concentrations in BM-MSCs group were higher than xANGs group (P < 0.05). xANG with BM-MSCs showed better nerve repair function when compared with xANG group. Furthermore, xANG with BM-MSCs showed less inflammatory reaction which might indicate the reason of its better nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Fan
- The First Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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