1
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Spennato P, De Martino L, Russo C, Errico ME, Imperato A, Mazio F, Miccoli G, Quaglietta L, Abate M, Covelli E, Donofrio V, Cinalli G. Tumors of Choroid Plexus and Other Ventricular Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1405:175-223. [PMID: 37452939 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumors arising inside the ventricular system are rare but represent a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. They usually are diagnosed when reaching a big volume and tend to affect young children. There is a wide broad of differential diagnoses with significant variability in anatomical aspects and tumor type. Differential diagnosis in tumor type includes choroid plexus tumors (papillomas and carcinomas), ependymomas, subependymomas, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs), central neurocytomas, meningiomas, and metastases. Choroid plexus tumors, ependymomas of the posterior fossa, and SEGAs are more likely to appear in childhood, whereas subependymomas, central neurocytomas, intraventricular meningiomas, and metastases are more frequent in adults. This chapter is predominantly focused on choroid plexus tumors and radiological and histological differential diagnosis. Treatment is discussed in the light of the modern acquisition in genetics and epigenetics of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Spennato
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia De Martino
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Russo
- Department of Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Errico
- Department of Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Imperato
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Mazio
- Department of Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miccoli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Quaglietta
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Abate
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Covelli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Donofrio
- Department of Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80121, Naples, Italy
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2
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Gómez-González GB, Becerra-González M, Martínez-Mendoza ML, Rodríguez-Arzate CA, Martínez-Torres A. Organization of the ventricular zone of the cerebellum. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:955550. [PMID: 35959470 PMCID: PMC9358289 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.955550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The roof of the fourth ventricle (4V) is located on the ventral part of the cerebellum, a region with abundant vascularization and cell heterogeneity that includes tanycyte-like cells that define a peculiar glial niche known as ventromedial cord. This cord is composed of a group of biciliated cells that run along the midline, contacting the ventricular lumen and the subventricular zone. Although the complex morphology of the glial cells composing the cord resembles to tanycytes, cells which are known for its proliferative capacity, scarce or non-proliferative activity has been evidenced in this area. The subventricular zone of the cerebellum includes astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons whose function has not been extensively studied. This review describes to some extent the phenotypic, morphological, and functional characteristics of the cells that integrate the roof of the 4V, primarily from rodent brains.
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3
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Zhou J, Liu G, Zhang X, Wu C, Ma M, Wu J, Hou L, Yin B, Qiang B, Shu P, Peng X. Comparison of the Spatiotemporal Expression Patterns of Three Cre Lines, Emx1IRES-Cre, D6-Cre and hGFAP-Cre, Commonly Used in Neocortical Development Research. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1668-1681. [PMID: 34550336 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emx1IRES-Cre, D6-Cre and hGFAP-Cre are commonly used to conditionally manipulate gene expression or lineage tracing because of their specificity in the dorsal telencephalon during early neurogenesis as previously described. However, the spatiotemporal differences in Cre recombinase activity would lead to divergent phenotypes. Here, we compared the patterns of Cre activity in the early embryos among the three lines by mating with reporter mice. The activities of Emx1IRES-Cre, D6-Cre and hGFAP-Cre were observed in the dorsal telencephalon, starting from approximately embryonic day 9.5, 11.5 and 12.5, respectively. Although all the three lines have activity in radial glial cells, Emx1IRES-Cre fully covers the dorsal and medial telencephalon, including the archicortex and cortical hem. D6-Cre is highly restricted to the dorsal telencephalon with anterior-low to posterior-high gradients, partially covers the hippocampus, and absent in the cortical hem. Moreover, both Emx1IRES-Cre and hGFAP-Cre exhibit Cre activity outside the dorsal neocortex. Meanwhile, we used the three Cre lines to mediate Dicer knockout and observed inconsistent phenotypes, including discrepancies in radial glial cell number, survival and neurogenesis in the neocortex and hippocampus. Together we proved differences in Cre activity can perturb the resultant phenotypes, which aid researchers in appropriate experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Gaoao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Mengjie Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lin Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bin Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Boqin Qiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Pengcheng Shu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primate Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Institute of Medical Biology of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
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4
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Loukas I, Skamnelou M, Tsaridou S, Bournaka S, Grigoriadis S, Taraviras S, Lygerou Z, Arbi M. Fine-tuning multiciliated cell differentiation at the post-transcriptional level: contribution of miR-34/449 family members. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2321-2332. [PMID: 34132477 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell differentiation is a process that must be precisely regulated for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Differentiation towards a multiciliated cell fate is characterized by well-defined stages, where a transcriptional cascade is activated leading to the formation of multiple centrioles and cilia. Centrioles migrate and dock to the apical cell surface and, acting as basal bodies, give rise to multiple motile cilia. The concerted movement of cilia ensures directional fluid flow across epithelia and defects either in their number or structure can lead to disease phenotypes. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miR-34b/c and miR-449a/b/c specifically function throughout the differentiation of multiciliated cells, fine-tuning the expression of many different centriole- and cilia-related genes. They strictly regulate the expression levels of genes that are required both for commitment towards the multiciliated cell fate (e.g. Notch) and for the establishment and maintenance of this fate by regulating the expression of transcription factors and structural components of the pathway. Herein we review miR-34 and miR-449 spatiotemporal regulation along with their roles during the different stages of multiciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Loukas
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Margarita Skamnelou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Stavroula Tsaridou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Bournaka
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Sokratis Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Marina Arbi
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
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5
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Chang SH, Su YC, Chang M, Chen JA. MicroRNAs mediate precise control of spinal interneuron populations to exert delicate sensory-to-motor outputs. eLife 2021; 10:63768. [PMID: 33787491 PMCID: PMC8075582 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) during embryonic development has been intensively studied in recent years, their postnatal physiological functions remain largely unexplored due to inherent difficulties with the presence of redundant paralogs of the same seed. Thus, it is particularly challenging to uncover miRNA functions at neural circuit level since animal behaviors would need to be assessed upon complete loss of miRNA family functions. Here, we focused on the neural functions of MiR34/449 that manifests a dynamic expression pattern in the spinal cord from embryonic to postnatal stages. Our behavioral assays reveal that the loss of MiR34/449 miRNAs perturb thermally induced pain response thresholds and compromised delicate motor output in mice. Mechanistically, MiR34/449 directly target Satb1 and Satb2 to fine-tune the precise number of a sub-population of motor synergy encoder (MSE) neurons. Thus, MiR34/449 fine-tunes optimal development of Satb1/2on interneurons in the spinal cord, thereby refining explicit sensory-to-motor circuit outputs. The spinal cord is an information superhighway that connects the body with the brain. There, circuits of neurons process information from the brain before sending commands to muscles to generate movement. Each spinal cord circuit contains many types of neurons, whose identity is defined by the set of genes that are active or ‘expressed’ in each cell. When a gene is turned on, its DNA sequence is copied to produce a messenger RNA (mRNA), a type of molecule that the cell then uses as a template to produce a protein. MicroRNAs (or miRNAs), on the other hand, are tiny RNA molecules that help to regulate gene expression by binding to and ‘deactivating’ specific mRNAs, stopping them from being used to make proteins. Mammalian cells contain thousands of types of microRNAs, many of which have unknown roles: this includes MiR34/449, a group of six microRNAs found mainly within the nervous system. By using genetic technology to delete this family from the mouse genome, Chang et al. now show that MiR34/449 has a key role in regulating spinal cord circuits. The first clue came from discovering that mice without the MiR34/449 family had unusual posture and a tendency to walk on tiptoe. The animals were also more sensitive to heat, flicking their tails away from a heat source more readily than control mice. At a finer level, the spinal cords of the mutants contained greater numbers of cells in which two genes, Satb1 and Satb2, were turned on. Compared to their counterparts in control mice, the Satb1/2-positive neurons also showed differences in the rest of the genes they expressed. In essence, these neurons had a different genetic profile in MiR34/449 mutant mice, therefore disrupting the neural circuit they belong to. Based on these findings, Chang et al. propose that in wild-type mice, the MiR34/449 family fine-tunes the expression of Satb1/2 in the spinal cord during development. In doing so, it regulates the formation of the spinal cord circuits that help to control movement. More generally, these results provide clues about how miRNAs help to determine cell identities; further studies could then examine whether other miRNAs contribute to the development and maintenance of neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Chang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Su
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mien Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-An Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Abstract
Even though the treatment of childhood cancer has evolved significantly in recent decades, aggressive central nervous system (CNS) tumors are still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Consequently, the identification of molecular targets that can be incorporated into diagnostic practice, effectively predict prognosis, follow treatment response, and materialize into potential targeted therapeutic approaches are still warranted. Since the first evidence of the participation of miRNAs in cancer development and progression 20 years ago, notable progress has been made in the basic understanding of the contribution of their dysregulation as epigenetic driver of tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, among the plethora of articles in the literature, microRNA profiling of pediatric tumors are scarce. This article gives an overview of the recent advances in the diagnostic/prognostic potential of miRNAs in a selection of pediatric CNS tumors: medulloblastoma, ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, and choroid plexus tumors.
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7
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Wildung M, Esser TU, Grausam KB, Wiedwald C, Volceanov-Hahn L, Riedel D, Beuermann S, Li L, Zylla J, Guenther AK, Wienken M, Ercetin E, Han Z, Bremmer F, Shomroni O, Andreas S, Zhao H, Lizé M. Transcription factor TAp73 and microRNA-449 complement each other to support multiciliogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2740-2757. [PMID: 31068677 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia serve vital functions in development, homeostasis, and regeneration. We recently demonstrated that TAp73 is an essential transcriptional regulator of respiratory multiciliogenesis. Here, we show that TAp73 is expressed in multiciliated cells (MCCs) of diverse tissues. Analysis of TAp73 mutant animals revealed that TAp73 regulates Foxj1, Rfx2, Rfx3, axonemal dyneins Dnali1 and Dnai1, plays a pivotal role in the generation of MCCs in male and female reproductive ducts, and contributes to fertility. However, the function of MCCs in the brain appears to be preserved despite the loss of TAp73, and robust activity of cilia-related networks is maintained in the absence of TAp73. Notably, TAp73 loss leads to distinct changes in ciliogenic microRNAs: miR34bc expression is reduced, whereas the miR449 cluster is induced in diverse multiciliated epithelia. Among different MCCs, choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells in the brain display prominent miR449 expression, whereas brain ventricles exhibit significant increase in miR449 levels along with an increase in the activity of ciliogenic E2F4/MCIDAS circuit in TAp73 mutant animals. Conversely, E2F4 induces robust transcriptional response from miR449 genomic regions. To address whether increased miR449 levels in the brain maintain the multiciliogenesis program in the absence of TAp73, we deleted both TAp73 and miR449 in mice. Although loss of miR449 alone led to a mild ciliary defect in the CP, more pronounced ciliary defects and hydrocephalus were observed in the brain lacking both TAp73 and miR449. In contrast, miR449 loss in other MCCs failed to enhance ciliary defects associated with TAp73 loss. Together, our study shows that, in addition to the airways, TAp73 is essential for generation of MCCs in male and female reproductive ducts, whereas miR449 and TAp73 complement each other to support multiciliogenesis and CP development in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merit Wildung
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Uli Esser
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katie Baker Grausam
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapeutics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Cornelia Wiedwald
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Larisa Volceanov-Hahn
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Electron Microscopy, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Li Li
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapeutics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jessica Zylla
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapeutics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Ann-Kathrin Guenther
- Department of Genes and Behavior, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Wienken
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Evrim Ercetin
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Core Facility, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Andreas
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapeutics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. .,Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA.
| | - Muriel Lizé
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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Shu P, Wu C, Liu W, Ruan X, Liu C, Hou L, Zeng Y, Fu H, Wang M, Chen P, Zhang X, Yin B, Yuan J, Qiang B, Peng X. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of microRNAs in the developing mouse nervous system. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3444-3453. [PMID: 30578296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control various biological processes by inducing translational repression and transcript degradation of the target genes. In mammalian development, knowledge of the timing and expression pattern of each miRNA is important to determine and predict its function in vivo So far, no systematic analyses of the spatiotemporal expression pattern of miRNAs during mammalian neurodevelopment have been performed. Here, we isolated total RNAs from the embryonic dorsal forebrain of mice at different developmental stages and subjected these RNAs to microarray analyses. We selected 279 miRNAs that exhibited high signal intensities or ascending or descending expression dynamics. To ascertain the expression patterns of these miRNAs, we used locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified miRNA probes in in situ hybridization experiments. Multiple miRNAs exhibited spatially restricted/enriched expression in anatomically distinct regions or in specific neuron subtypes in the embryonic brain and spinal cord, such as in the ventricular area, the striatum (and other basal ganglia), hypothalamus, choroid plexus, and the peripheral nervous system. These findings provide new insights into the expression and function of miRNAs during the development of the nervous system and could be used as a resource to facilitate studies in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Shu
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Chao Wu
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Wei Liu
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Xiangbin Ruan
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Chang Liu
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Lin Hou
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Yi Zeng
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Hongye Fu
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Ming Wang
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Pan Chen
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Bin Yin
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Jiangang Yuan
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Boqin Qiang
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primates Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005 and .,the Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
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9
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Li N, Zhang Y, Sidlauskas K, Ellis M, Evans I, Frankel P, Lau J, El-Hassan T, Guglielmi L, Broni J, Richard-Loendt A, Brandner S. Inhibition of GPR158 by microRNA-449a suppresses neural lineage of glioma stem/progenitor cells and correlates with higher glioma grades. Oncogene 2018; 37:4313-4333. [PMID: 29720725 PMCID: PMC6072706 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To identify biomarkers for glioma growth, invasion and progression, we used a candidate gene approach in mouse models with two complementary brain tumour phenotypes, developing either slow-growing, diffusely infiltrating gliomas or highly proliferative, non-invasive primitive neural tumours. In a microRNA screen we first identified microRNA-449a as most significantly differentially expressed between these two tumour types. miR-449a has a target dependent effect, inhibiting cell growth and migration by downregulation of CCND1 and suppressing neural phenotypes by inhibition of G protein coupled-receptor (GPR) 158. GPR158 promotes glioma stem cell differentiation and induces apoptosis and is highest expressed in the cerebral cortex and in oligodendrogliomas, lower in IDH mutant astrocytomas and lowest in the most malignant form of glioma, IDH wild-type glioblastoma. The correlation of GPR158 expression with molecular subtypes, patient survival and therapy response suggests a possible role of GPR158 as prognostic biomarker in human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Kastytis Sidlauskas
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Matthew Ellis
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ian Evans
- Division of Medicine, University College London, University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Paul Frankel
- Division of Medicine, University College London, University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Joanne Lau
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tedani El-Hassan
- Division of Neuropathology, the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Loredana Guglielmi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jessica Broni
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL IQPath laboratory, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Angela Richard-Loendt
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL IQPath laboratory, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
- Division of Neuropathology, the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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10
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Lai CY, Lee SY, Scarr E, Yu YH, Lin YT, Liu CM, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Chien YL, Udawela M, Gibbons AS, Everall IP, Hwu HG, Dean B, Chen WJ. Aberrant expression of microRNAs as biomarker for schizophrenia: from acute state to partial remission, and from peripheral blood to cortical tissue. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e717. [PMID: 26784971 PMCID: PMC5068884 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on our previous finding of a seven-miRNA (hsa-miR-34a, miR-449a, miR-564, miR-432, miR-548d, miR-572 and miR-652) signature as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia, this study aimed to examine if hospitalization could affect expressions of these miRNAs. We compared their expression levels between acute state and partial remission state in people with schizophrenia (n=48) using quantitative PCR method. Further, to examine whether the blood and brain show similar expression patterns, the expressions of two miRNAs (hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-548d) were examined in the postmortem brain tissue of people with schizophrenia (n=25) and controls (n=27). The expression level of the seven miRNAs did not alter after ~2 months of hospitalization with significant improvement in clinical symptoms, suggesting the miRNAs could be traits rather than state-dependent markers. The aberrant expression seen in the blood of hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-548d were not present in the brain samples, but this does not discount the possibility that the peripheral miRNAs could be clinically useful biomarkers for schizophrenia. Unexpectedly, we found an age-dependent increase in hsa-miR-34a expressions in human cortical (Brodmann area 46 (BA46)) but not subcortical region (caudate putamen). The correlation between hsa-miR-34a expression level in BA46 and age was much stronger in the controls than in the cases, and the corresponding correlation in the blood was only seen in the cases. The association between the miRNA dysregulations, the disease predisposition and aging warrants further investigation. Taken together, this study provides further insight on the candidate peripheral miRNAs as stable biomarkers for the diagnostics of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Lai
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S-Y Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - E Scarr
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Y-H Yu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-T Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-M Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-J Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-C Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-L Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Udawela
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A S Gibbons
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - I P Everall
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - H-G Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B Dean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - W J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan. E-mail:
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11
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Johansson PA. The choroid plexuses and their impact on developmental neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:340. [PMID: 25386116 PMCID: PMC4208491 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During brain development the neural stem cells are regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic sources. One site of origin of extrinsic regulation is the developing choroid plexuses, primely situated inside the cerebral ventricles. The choroid plexuses are very active in terms of both secretion and barrier function as soon as they appear during development and control the production and contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This suggests that regulated secretion of signaling molecules from the choroid plexuses into CSF can regulate neural stem cell behavior (as they are in direct contact with CSF) and thereby neurogenesis and brain development. Here, choroid plexus development, particularly with regards to molecular regulation and specification, is reviewed. This is followed by a review and discussion of the role of the developing choroid plexuses in brain development. In particular, recent evidence suggests a region-specific reciprocal regulation between choroid plexuses and the neural stem cells. This is accomplished by site-specific secretion of signaling molecules from the different choroid plexuses into CSF, as well as brain region specific competence of the neural stem cells to respond to the signaling molecules present in CSF. In conclusion, although in its infancy, the field of choroid plexus regulation of neurogenesis has already and will likely continue to shed new light on our understanding of the control and fine-tuning of overall brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia A Johansson
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich, Germany
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12
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Moreau MP, Bruse SE, Jornsten R, Liu Y, Brzustowicz LM. Chronological changes in microRNA expression in the developing human brain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60480. [PMID: 23613727 PMCID: PMC3628885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed noncoding RNA molecules that are believed to regulate multiple neurobiological processes. Expression studies have revealed distinct temporal expression patterns in the developing rodent and porcine brain, but comprehensive profiling in the developing human brain has not been previously reported. METHODS We performed microarray and TaqMan-based expression analysis of all annotated mature miRNAs (miRBase 10.0) as well as 373 novel, predicted miRNAs. Expression levels were measured in 48 post-mortem brain tissue samples, representing gestational ages 14-24 weeks, as well as early postnatal and adult time points. RESULTS Expression levels of 312 miRNAs changed significantly between at least two of the broad age categories, defined as fetal, young, and adult. CONCLUSIONS We have constructed a miRNA expression atlas of the developing human brain, and we propose a classification scheme to guide future studies of neurobiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Moreau
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America.
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13
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Wu D, Murashov AK. Molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration: emerging roles of microRNAs. Front Physiol 2013; 4:55. [PMID: 23554595 PMCID: PMC3612692 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that suppress gene expression through target mRNA degradation or translation repression. Recent studies suggest that miRNA plays an important role in multiple physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system. In this review article, we described what is currently known about the mechanisms in peripheral nerve regeneration on cellular and molecular levels. Recently, changes in microRNA expression profiles have been detected in different injury models, and emerging evidence strongly indicates that these changes promote neurons to survive by shifting their physiology from maintaining structure and supporting synaptic transmission towards a regenerative phenotype. We reviewed the putative mechanisms involved in miRNA mediated post-transcriptional regulation and pointed out several areas where future research is necessary to advance our understanding of how targeting miRNA machinery can be used as a therapeutic approach for treating nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Bao J, Li D, Wang L, Wu J, Hu Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cao X, Jiang C, Yan W, Xu C. MicroRNA-449 and microRNA-34b/c function redundantly in murine testes by targeting E2F transcription factor-retinoblastoma protein (E2F-pRb) pathway. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21686-98. [PMID: 22570483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.328054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mainly function as post-transcriptional regulators and are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Mouse testes express a large number of miRNAs. However, the physiological roles of these testicular miRNAs remain largely unknown. Using microarray and quantitative real time PCR assays, we identified that miRNAs of the microRNA-449 (miR-449) cluster were preferentially expressed in the mouse testis, and their levels were drastically up-regulated upon meiotic initiation during testicular development and in adult spermatogenesis. The expression pattern of the miR-449 cluster resembled that of microRNA-34b/c (miR-34b/c) during spermatogenesis. Further analyses identified that cAMP-responsive element modulator τ and SOX5, two transcription factors essential for regulating male germ cell gene expression, acted as the upstream transactivators to stimulate the expression of the miR-449 cluster in mouse testes. Despite its abundant expression in testicular germ cells, miR-449-null male mice developed normally and exhibited normal spermatogenesis and fertility. Our data further demonstrated that miR-449 shared a cohort of target genes that belong to the E2F transcription factor-retinoblastoma protein pathway with the miR-34 family, and levels of miR-34b/c were significantly up-regulated in miR-449-null testes. Taken together, our data suggest that the miR-449 cluster and miR-34b/c function redundantly in the regulation of male germ cell development in murine testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Bao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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15
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Hoesel B, Bhujabal Z, Przemeck GK, Kurz-Drexler A, Weisenhorn DMV, Angelis MHD, Beckers J. Combination of in silico and in situ hybridisation approaches to identify potential Dll1 associated miRNAs during mouse embryogenesis. Gene Expr Patterns 2010; 10:265-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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MicroRNAs as effectors of brain function with roles in ischemia and injury, neuroprotection, and neurodegeneration. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010; 30:1564-76. [PMID: 20606686 PMCID: PMC2932764 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small RNAs that function as regulators of posttranscriptional gene expression. MicroRNAs are encoded by genes, and processed to form ribonucleoprotein complexes that bind to messenger RNA (mRNA) targets to repress translation or degrade mRNA transcripts. The microRNAs are particularly abundant in the brain where they serve as effectors of neuronal development and maintenance of the neuronal phenotype. They are also expressed in dendrites where they regulate spine structure and function as effectors in synaptic plasticity. MicroRNAs have been evaluated for their roles in brain ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, and in functional recovery after ischemia. They also serve as mediators in the brain's response to ischemic preconditioning that leads to endogenous neuroprotection. In addition, microRNAs are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's, Huntington, Parkinson, and Prion disease. The discovery of microRNAs has expanded the potential for human diseases to arise from genetic mutations in microRNA genes or sequences within their target mRNAs. This review discusses microRNA discovery, biogenesis, mechanisms of gene regulation, their expression and function in the brain, and their roles in brain ischemia and injury, neuroprotection, and neurodegeneration.
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17
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Muth M, Theophile K, Hussein K, Jacobi C, Kreipe H, Bock O. "Hypoxia-induced down-regulation of microRNA-449a/b impairs control over targeted SERPINE1 (PAI-1) mRNA - a mechanism involved in SERPINE1 (PAI-1) overexpression". J Transl Med 2010; 8:33. [PMID: 20356416 PMCID: PMC2853517 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In damaged organs tissue repair and replacement of cells by connective tissue provokes a response of fibroblasts to cellular stress factors such as hypoxia.MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules which bind to their mRNA targets which eventually lead to repression of translation. Whether the response of fibroblasts to stress factors also involves the miRNA system is largely unknown. RESULTS By miRNA profiling we identified down-regulation of miRNA-449a/b expression in hypoxic fibroblasts. Specific miRNA inhibitors and mimics showed direct evidence for targeting the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) protein (SERPINE1; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI-1) by miRNA-449a/b leading to SERPINE1 mRNA and protein up- and down-regulation, respectively. SERPINE1 expression in vivo could be located predominantly in areas of fibrosis and remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Our study offers serious lines of evidence for a novel hypoxia-dependent mechanism involving hypoxia-induced decrease of clustered miRNA-449a/b, hypoxia-induced amplification of concomitant increase of targeted SERPINE1 (PAI-1) and its overexpression in tissues showing a hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Muth
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Theophile
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kais Hussein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Jacobi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Bock
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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