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Effects of Resistance Exercise on Cerebral Redox Regulation and Cognition: An Interplay Between Muscle and Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110529. [PMID: 31698763 PMCID: PMC6912783 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlighted resistance training as an important training type for the brain. Most studies that use physical exercise for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases have focused on aerobic physical exercise, revealing different behavioral, biochemical, and molecular effects. However, recent studies have shown that resistance training can also significantly contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases as well as to the maintenance, development, and recovery of brain activities through specific neurochemical adaptations induced by the training. In this scenario we observed the results of several studies published in different journals in the last 20 years, focusing on the effects of resistance training on three main neurological aspects: Neuroprotective mechanisms, oxidative stress, and cognition. Systematic database searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline were performed to identify peer-reviewed studies from the 2000s. Combinations of keywords related to brain disease, aerobic/resistance, or strength physical exercise were used. Other variables were not addressed in this review but should be considered for a complete understanding of the effects of training in the brain.
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Chrisman SP, Whitlock KB, Somers E, Burton MS, Herring SA, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Rivara FP. Pilot study of the Sub-Symptom Threshold Exercise Program (SSTEP) for persistent concussion symptoms in youth. NeuroRehabilitation 2017; 40:493-499. [DOI: 10.3233/nre-161436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara P.D. Chrisman
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
- Adolescent Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathryn B. Whitlock
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elissa Somers
- Department of Physical Therapy Seattle, Seattle Children’s Hospital, WA, USA
| | - Monique S. Burton
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stanley A. Herring
- University of Washington, Sports, Spine and Orthopedic Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Frederick P. Rivara
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Alkadhi KA. Exercise as a Positive Modulator of Brain Function. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3112-3130. [PMID: 28466271 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Various forms of exercise have been shown to prevent, restore, or ameliorate a variety of brain disorders including dementias, Parkinson's disease, chronic stress, thyroid disorders, and sleep deprivation, some of which are discussed here. In this review, the effects on brain function of various forms of exercise and exercise mimetics in humans and animal experiments are compared and discussed. Possible mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise including the role of neurotrophic factors and others are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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da Silva Fiorin F, de Oliveira Ferreira AP, Ribeiro LR, Silva LFA, de Castro MRT, da Silva LRH, da Silveira MEP, Zemolin APP, Dobrachinski F, Marchesan de Oliveira S, Franco JL, Soares FA, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Fighera MR, Freire Royes LF. The Impact of Previous Physical Training on Redox Signaling after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats: A Behavioral and Neurochemical Approach. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1317-30. [PMID: 26651029 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the world, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of disability, which can include deficits in motor function and memory, as well as acquired epilepsy. Although some studies have shown the beneficial effects of physical exercise after TBI, the prophylactic effects are poorly understood. In the current study, we demonstrated that TBI induced by fluid percussion injury (FPI) in adult male Wistar rats caused early motor impairment (24 h), learning deficit (15 days), spontaneous epileptiform events (SEE), and hilar cell loss in the hippocampus (35 days) after TBI. The hippocampal alterations in the redox status, which were characterized by dichlorofluorescein diacetate oxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity inhibition, led to the impairment of protein function (Na(+), K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase [ATPase] activity inhibition) and glutamate uptake inhibition 24 h after neuronal injury. The molecular adaptations elicited by previous swim training protected against the glutamate uptake inhibition, oxidative stress, and inhibition of selected targets for free radicals (e.g., Na(+), K(+)-ATPase) 24 h after neuronal injury. Our data indicate that this protocol of exercise protected against FPI-induced motor impairment, learning deficits, and SEE. In addition, the enhancement of the hippocampal phosphorylated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (P-Nrf2)/Nrf2, heat shock protein 70, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor immune content in the trained injured rats suggests that protein expression modulation associated with an antioxidant defense elicited by previous physical exercise can prevent toxicity induced by TBI, which is characterized by cell loss in the dentate gyrus hilus at 35 days after TBI. Therefore, this report suggests that previous physical exercise can decrease lesion progression in this model of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando da Silva Fiorin
- 1 Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro R Ribeiro
- 1 Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luiz F A Silva
- 1 Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mauro R T de Castro
- 1 Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luís R H da Silva
- 1 Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mauro E P da Silveira
- 1 Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana P P Zemolin
- 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dobrachinski
- 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan de Oliveira
- 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jeferson L Franco
- 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Félix A Soares
- 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana F Furian
- 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mauro S Oliveira
- 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michele R Fighera
- 1 Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil .,2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil .,3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Freire Royes
- 1 Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil .,2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil .,3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
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Matuszczak E, Tylicka M, Dębek W, Hermanowicz A, Ostrowska H. The comparison of C-proteasome activity in the plasma of children after burn injury, mild head injury and blunt abdominal trauma. Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:253-8. [PMID: 26005993 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate and compare the changes in circulating 20S proteasome activity in the plasma of children suffering from blunt abdominal trauma, thermal injury and mild head injury. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study population comprised 40 patients with burns, 35 children admitted due to mild head injury, and 30 children suffering from blunt abdominal trauma, who were admitted to Pediatric Surgery Department of Medical University of Bialystok Poland, between 2010 and 2014, and their parents gave informed consent, were included into the study. Patients were aged 9 months to 17 years (median=5.73±1.91y). The girls to boys ratio was nearly 1:2 (34 girls and 106 boys). Plasma proteasome activity was assessed using Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC peptide substrate, 2-6h, 12-16h, and 48h after the injury. 20 healthy children admitted for planned inguinal hernia repair served as controls. RESULTS In our series of patients, the C-proteasome activity was much higher 12-16h after burns, than after mild head injuries, or blunt abdominal injuries, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Circulating 20S proteasome is probably released from damaged tissues in response to the injury and is a biomarker of tissue damage - more severe in the group of burnt patients in comparison to the patients with mild head injury and blunt abdominal trauma. Therefore detection of 20S proteasome may represent a novel marker of immunological activity and cellular degradation in trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Matuszczak
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marzena Tylicka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dębek
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Hermanowicz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Halina Ostrowska
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Ruiz-Perera L, Muniz M, Vierci G, Bornia N, Baroncelli L, Sale A, Rossi FM. Fluoxetine increases plasticity and modulates the proteomic profile in the adult mouse visual cortex. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26205348 PMCID: PMC4513348 DOI: 10.1038/srep12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The scarce functional recovery of the adult CNS following injuries or diseases is largely due to its reduced potential for plasticity, the ability to reorganize neural connections as a function of experience. Recently, some new strategies restoring high levels of plasticity in the adult brain have been identified, especially in the paradigmatic model of the visual system. A chronic treatment with the anti-depressant fluoxetine reinstates plasticity in the adult rat primary visual cortex, inducing recovery of vision in amblyopic animals. The molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain largely unknown. Here, we explored fluoxetine effects on mouse visual cortical plasticity, and exploited a proteomic approach to identify possible candidates mediating the outcome of the antidepressant treatment on adult cortical plasticity. We showed that fluoxetine restores ocular dominance plasticity in the adult mouse visual cortex, and identified 31 differentially expressed protein spots in fluoxetine-treated animals vs. controls. MALDITOF/TOF mass spectrometry identification followed by bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins are involved in the control of cytoskeleton organization, endocytosis, molecular transport, intracellular signaling, redox cellular state, metabolism and protein degradation. Altogether, these results indicate a complex effect of fluoxetine on neuronal signaling mechanisms potentially involved in restoring plasticity in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ruiz-Perera
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Muniz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Vierci
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - N Bornia
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Sale
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - F M Rossi
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Orlova AS, Liupina IV, Abaturova SB, Sharova NP. [Features of immune proteasome expression in the development of rat central nervous system]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 40:703-11. [PMID: 25895367 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162014060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the central nervous system in ontogeny and function in adult mammals are controlled by universal ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic system. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of expression of immune proteasomes in comparison with the dynamics of ChLA and CLA proteasome and expression of the transcription factor Zif268 in the structures of the brain (cortex, hippocampus, and brainstem) in embryonic (E19, E21 days of embryonic development) and early postnatal (P1, P3, P4, P5, P7, P15 days of post-natal development) development in rats. ChLA and CLA in clarified homogenates of rat brain structures were determined by hydrolysis of fluorogenic commercial oligopeptides Suc-LLVY-AMC and Z-LLG-AMC, respectively. In the cortex and hippocampus of the brain was observed upregulation of immune subunits LMP7 during the active formation of biochemical mediatory structure and efferent neuronal projections at the period P7-P15. In the cerebral cortex during this period ChLA and CLA also are increased. In all structures of the brain the LMP2 immune subunits content was significantly increased at the period P7-P15. Contents of proteolytic constitutive subunit β1 in all structures decreased by P4 compare to P1 levels and was increased on P15 relative to the P1 levels. However, the level of expression of proteolytic constitutive subunit β5 increased in cortex, hippocampus and brainstem from E21 and reached maximum values on P3, P5 and P1, respectively with a sharp decrease to P7 in all studied structures. In all structures expression of LM P2 immune subunits and β1 constitutive subunits increased simultaneously with LMP7 immune subunits and sharply on P15. Also shown a positive correlation of increased expression regulator PA28 and constitutive β5 subunits in the hippocampus during the period P3-P5 and in the brainstem at the period P1-P5. The peculiarity of the studied brain regions during P7-P15 of rat early development is a correlation of expression of immune subunits LMP2 and LMP7 proteasome and ChLA with the expression of the transcription factor Zif268. Probably immune proteasome plays an important role in the regulation of key biochemical processes in the early ontogenesis of the central nervous system and are necessary for the emergence and realization of synaptic plasticity in the brain structures studied in rats.
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8
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Tylicka M, Matuszczak E, Dębek W, Hermanowicz A, Ostrowska H. Circulating proteasome activity following mild head injury in children. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:1191-6. [PMID: 24700339 PMCID: PMC4072065 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to characterize changes in circulating proteasome (c-proteasome) activity following mild traumatic brain injury in children. METHODS Fifty children managed at the Department of Pediatric Surgery because of concussion-mild head injury was randomly included into the study. The children were aged 11 months to 17 years (median = 10.07 + -1.91 years). Plasma proteasome activity was assessed using Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC peptide substrate, 2-6 h, 12-16 h, and 2 days after injury. Twenty healthy children admitted for planned inguinal hernia repair served as controls. RESULTS Statistically significant elevation of plasma c-proteasome activity was noted in children with mild head injury 2-6 h, 12-16 h, and 2 days after the injury. CONCLUSIONS Authors observed a statistically significant upward trend in the c-proteasome activity between 2-6 and 12-16 h after the mild head injury, consistent with the onset of the symptoms of cerebral concussion and a downward trend in the c-proteasome activity in the plasma of children with mild head injury between 12-16 h and on the second day after the injury, consistent with the resolving of the symptoms of cerebral concussion. Further studies are needed to demonstrate that the proteasome activity could be a prognostic factor, which can help in further diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in patients with head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Tylicka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Matuszczak
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dębek
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Hermanowicz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Halina Ostrowska
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
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Spontaneous Running Wheel Improves Cognitive Functions of Mouse Associated with miRNA Expressional Alteration in Hippocampus Following Traumatic Brain Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:622-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Shen X, Li A, Zhang Y, Dong X, Shan T, Wu Y, Jia J, Hu Y. The effect of different intensities of treadmill exercise on cognitive function deficit following a severe controlled cortical impact in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21598-612. [PMID: 24185909 PMCID: PMC3856023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been proposed for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the proper intensity of exercise in the early phase following a severe TBI is largely unknown. To compare two different treadmill exercise intensities on the cognitive function following a severe TBI in its early phase, rats experienced a controlled cortical impact (CCI) and were forced to treadmill exercise for 14 days. The results revealed that the rats in the low intensity exercise group had a shorter latency to locate a platform and a significantly better improvement in spatial memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The high intensity exercise group showed a longer latency and a mild improvement in spatial memory compared to the control group rats in the MWM; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and p-CREB protein levels in the contralateral hippocampus were increased significantly in the low intensity exercise group. Our results suggest that 2 weeks of low intensity of treadmill exercise is beneficial for improving cognitive function and increasing hippocampal BDNF expression after a severe TBI in its early phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafeng Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangpu District Geriatric Hospital, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Aiping Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Nanjing Military Region Sanatorium of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-571-8734-8142; Fax: +86-571-8734-8114
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (Y.H.)
| | - XiaoMin Dong
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Nanjing Military Region Sanatorium of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China; E-Mail:
| | - Tian Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yongshan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (Y.H.)
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11
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Mattson MP. Energy intake and exercise as determinants of brain health and vulnerability to injury and disease. Cell Metab 2012; 16:706-22. [PMID: 23168220 PMCID: PMC3518570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evolution favored individuals with superior cognitive and physical abilities under conditions of limited food sources, and brain function can therefore be optimized by intermittent dietary energy restriction (ER) and exercise. Such energetic challenges engage adaptive cellular stress-response signaling pathways in neurons involving neurotrophic factors, protein chaperones, DNA-repair proteins, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. By suppressing adaptive cellular stress responses, overeating and a sedentary lifestyle may increase the risk of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, stroke, and depression. Intense concerted efforts of governments, families, schools, and physicians will be required to successfully implement brain-healthy lifestyles that incorporate ER and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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12
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Marques-Aleixo I, Oliveira PJ, Moreira PI, Magalhães J, Ascensão A. Physical exercise as a possible strategy for brain protection: Evidence from mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:149-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Robertson CS, Garcia R, Gaddam SSK, Grill RJ, Cerami Hand C, Tian TS, Hannay HJ. Treatment of mild traumatic brain injury with an erythropoietin-mimetic peptide. J Neurotrauma 2012; 30:765-74. [PMID: 22827443 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) results in an estimated 75-90% of the 1.7 million TBI-related emergency room visits each year. Post-concussion symptoms, which can include impaired memory problems, may persist for prolonged periods of time in a fraction of these cases. The purpose of this study was to determine if an erythropoietin-mimetic peptide, pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP), would improve neurological outcomes following mTBI. Sixty-four rats were randomly assigned to pHBSP or control (inactive peptide) 30 μg/kg IP every 12 h for 3 days, starting at either 1 hour (early treatment) or 24 h (delayed treatment), after mTBI (cortical impact injury 3 m/sec, 2.5 mm deformation). Treatment with pHBSP resulted in significantly improved performance on the Morris water maze task. Rats that received pHBSP required 22.3±1.3 sec to find the platform, compared to 26.3±1.3 sec in control rats (p=0.022). The rats that received pHBSP also traveled a significantly shorter distance to get to the platform, 5.0±0.3 meters, compared to 6.1±0.3 meters in control rats (p=0.019). Motor tasks were only transiently impaired in this mTBI model, and no treatment effect on motor performance was observed with pHBSP. Despite the minimal tissue injury with this mTBI model, there was significant activation of inflammatory cells identified by labeling with CD68, which was reduced in the pHBSP-treated animals. The results suggest that pHBSP may improve cognitive function following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Robertson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Saha B, Jaber M, Gaillard A. Potentials of endogenous neural stem cells in cortical repair. Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:14. [PMID: 22509153 PMCID: PMC3321408 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades great thrust has been put in the area of regenerative neurobiology research to combat brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. The recent discovery of neurogenic niches in the adult brain has led researchers to study how to mobilize these cells to orchestrate an endogenous repair mechanism. The brain can minimize injury-induced damage by means of an immediate glial response and by initiating repair mechanisms that involve the generation and mobilization of new neurons to the site of injury where they can integrate into the existing circuit. This review highlights the current status of research in this field. Here, we discuss the changes that take place in the neurogenic milieu following injury. We will focus, in particular, on the cellular and molecular controls that lead to increased proliferation in the Sub ventricular Zone (SVZ) as well as neurogenesis. We will also concentrate on how these cellular and molecular mechanisms influence the migration of new cells to the affected area and their differentiation into neuronal/glial lineage that initiate the repair mechanism. Next, we will discuss some of the different factors that limit/retard the repair process and highlight future lines of research that can help to overcome these limitations. A clear understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and physiological changes following brain damage and the subsequent endogenous repair should help us develop better strategies to repair damaged brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Saha
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases group, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers Poitiers, France
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Sivanandam TM, Thakur MK. Traumatic brain injury: a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1376-81. [PMID: 22390915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major global health and socio-economic problem with neurobehavioral sequelae contributing to long-term disability. It causes brain swelling, axonal injury and hypoxia, disrupts blood brain barrier function and increases inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration and leads to cognitive impairment. Epidemiological studies show that 30% of patients, who die of TBI, have Aβ plaques which are pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus TBI acts as an important epigenetic risk factor for AD. This review focuses on AD related genes which are expressed during TBI and its relevance to progression of the disease. Such understanding will help to diagnose the risk of TBI patients to develop AD and design therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamil Mani Sivanandam
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Age-associated neurodegeneration and oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:305-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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