1
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Garzon JP, Patete A, Aschbacher-Smith L, Qu'd D, Kelly-Mancuso G, Raski CR, Weisman AG, Hankins M, Sawin M, Kim K, Drackley A, Zeid J, Weaver KN, Hopkin RJ, Saal HM, Charrow J, Schorry E, Listernick R, Simpson BN, Prada CE. Expanding the phenotype of neurofibromatosis type 1 microdeletion syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2024:e32095. [PMID: 39022906 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) microdeletion syndrome accounts for 5 to 11% of individuals with NF-1. The aim of our study was to characterize a large cohort of individuals with NF-1 microdeletion syndrome and expand its natural history. We conducted a retrospective chart review from 1994 to 2024 of individuals with NF-1 microdeletion syndrome followed at two large Neurofibromatosis Clinics. This cohort consists of 57 individuals with NF-1 microdeletion syndrome (28 type-1, 4 type-2, 2 type-3, 9 atypical deletions, and 14 indeterminate). We note 38/56 (67.9%) with describable facial features, 25/57 (43.8%) with plexiform neurofibromas, and 3/57 (5.2%) with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors within the observed period. The most reported neurodevelopmental manifestations from school-age or older individuals included 39/49 (79.6%) with developmental delays, 35/49 (71.4%) with expressive and/or receptive speech delays, 33/41 (80.5%) with learning difficulties, and 23/42 (54.8%) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Full-scale IQ testing data was available for 22 individuals (range: 50-96). Of the 21 adults in this cohort, 14/21 (66.7%) graduated from high school, and 4/21 (19.0%) had some college experience. Many individuals received academic support (i.e., special education, individual education plan). In this cohort, neurocognitive outcomes in adults varied more than typically reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny P Garzon
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Patete
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lindsey Aschbacher-Smith
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Dima Qu'd
- Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Alabama, USA
| | - Geraldine Kelly-Mancuso
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Carolyn R Raski
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Allison Goetsch Weisman
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madison Hankins
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Sawin
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine Kim
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andy Drackley
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Janice Zeid
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - K Nicole Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Howard M Saal
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joel Charrow
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth Schorry
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert Listernick
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brittany N Simpson
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Pacot L, Girish M, Knight S, Spurlock G, Varghese V, Ye M, Thomas N, Pasmant E, Upadhyaya M. Correlation between large rearrangements and patient phenotypes in NF1 deletion syndrome: an update and review. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:73. [PMID: 38448973 PMCID: PMC10919053 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
About 5-10% of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients exhibit large genomic germline deletions that remove the NF1 gene and its flanking regions. The most frequent NF1 large deletion is 1.4 Mb, resulting from homologous recombination between two low copy repeats. This "type-1" deletion is associated with a severe clinical phenotype in NF1 patients, with several phenotypic manifestations including learning disability, a much earlier development of cutaneous neurofibromas, an increased tumour risk, and cardiovascular malformations. NF1 adjacent co-deleted genes could act as modifier loci for the specific clinical manifestations observed in deleted NF1 patients. Furthermore, other genetic modifiers (such as CNVs) not located at the NF1 locus could also modulate the phenotype observed in patients with large deletions. In this study, we analysed 22 NF1 deletion patients by genome-wide array-CGH with the aim (1) to correlate deletion length to observed phenotypic features and their severity in NF1 deletion syndrome, and (2) to identify whether the deletion phenotype could also be modulated by copy number variations elsewhere in the genome. We then review the role of co-deleted genes in the 1.4 Mb interval of type-1 deletions, and their possible implication in the main clinical features observed in this high-risk group of NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Pacot
- Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Milind Girish
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samantha Knight
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Vinod Varghese
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, Cardiff, Great Britain
| | - Manuela Ye
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Nick Thomas
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France.
| | - Meena Upadhyaya
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
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3
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de Blank P, Nishiyama A, López-Juárez A. A new era for myelin research in Neurofibromatosis type 1. Glia 2023; 71:2701-2719. [PMID: 37382486 PMCID: PMC10592420 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for myelin regulating higher-order brain function and disease is rapidly accumulating; however, defining cellular/molecular mechanisms remains challenging partially due to the dynamic brain physiology involving deep changes during development, aging, and in response to learning and disease. Furthermore, as the etiology of most neurological conditions remains obscure, most research models focus on mimicking symptoms, which limits understanding of their molecular onset and progression. Studying diseases caused by single gene mutations represents an opportunity to understand brain dys/function, including those regulated by myelin. Here, we discuss known and potential repercussions of abnormal central myelin on the neuropathophysiology of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Most patients with this monogenic disease present with neurological symptoms diverse in kind, severity, and onset/decline, including learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, motor coordination issues, and increased risk for depression and dementia. Coincidentally, most NF1 patients show diverse white matter/myelin abnormalities. Although myelin-behavior links were proposed decades ago, no solid data can prove or refute this idea yet. A recent upsurge in myelin biology understanding and research/therapeutic tools provides opportunities to address this debate. As precision medicine moves forward, an integrative understanding of all cell types disrupted in neurological conditions becomes a priority. Hence, this review aims to serve as a bridge between fundamental cellular/molecular myelin biology and clinical research in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter de Blank
- Department of Pediatrics, The Cure Starts Now Brain Tumor Center, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alejandro López-Juárez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
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4
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Büki G, Zsigmond A, Czakó M, Szalai R, Antal G, Farkas V, Fekete G, Nagy D, Széll M, Tihanyi M, Melegh B, Hadzsiev K, Bene J. Genotype-Phenotype Associations in Patients With Type-1, Type-2, and Atypical NF1 Microdeletions. Front Genet 2021; 12:673025. [PMID: 34168676 PMCID: PMC8217751 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.673025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a tumor predisposition syndrome inherited in autosomal dominant manner. Besides the intragenic loss-of-function mutations in NF1 gene, large deletions encompassing the NF1 gene and its flanking regions are responsible for the development of the variable clinical phenotype. These large deletions titled as NF1 microdeletions lead to a more severe clinical phenotype than those observed in patients with intragenic NF1 mutations. Around 5-10% of the cases harbor large deletion and four major types of NF1 microdeletions (type 1, 2, 3 and atypical) have been identified so far. They are distinguishable in term of their size and the location of the breakpoints, by the frequency of somatic mosaicism with normal cells not harboring the deletion and by the number of the affected genes within the deleted region. In our study genotype-phenotype analyses have been performed in 17 mostly pediatric patients with NF1 microdeletion syndrome identified by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification after systematic sequencing of the NF1 gene. Confirmation and classification of the NF1 large deletions were performed using array comparative genomic hybridization, where it was feasible. In our patient cohort 70% of the patients possess type-1 deletion, one patient harbors type-2 deletion and 23% of our cases have atypical NF1 deletion. All the atypical deletions identified in this study proved to be novel. One patient with atypical deletion displayed mosaicism. In our study NF1 microdeletion patients presented dysmorphic facial features, macrocephaly, large hands and feet, delayed cognitive development and/or learning difficulties, speech difficulties, overgrowth more often than patients with intragenic NF1 mutations. Moreover, neurobehavior problems, macrocephaly and overgrowth were less frequent in atypical cases compared to type-1 deletion. Proper diagnosis is challenging in certain patients since several clinical manifestations show age-dependency. Large tumor load exhibited more frequently in this type of disorder, therefore better understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations and progress of the disease is essential for individuals suffering from neurofibromatosis to improve the quality of their life. Our study presented additional clinical data related to NF1 microdeletion patients especially for pediatric cases and it contributes to the better understanding of this type of disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Büki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anna Zsigmond
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márta Czakó
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Renáta Szalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gréta Antal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktor Farkas
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Fekete
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marianna Tihanyi
- Genetic Laboratory, Szent Rafael Hospital of Zala County, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | - Béla Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Full member of the European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS) - Project ID No. 739547, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Full member of the European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS) - Project ID No. 739547, Pécs, Hungary
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5
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Tristán-Noguero A, Borràs E, Molero-Luis M, Wassenberg T, Peters T, Verbeek MM, Willemsen M, Opladen T, Jeltsch K, Pons R, Thony B, Horvath G, Yapici Z, Friedman J, Hyland K, Agosta GE, López-Laso E, Artuch R, Sabidó E, García-Cazorla À. Novel Protein Biomarkers of Monoamine Metabolism Defects Correlate with Disease Severity. Mov Disord 2020; 36:690-703. [PMID: 33152132 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic defects of monoamine neurotransmitters are rare neurological diseases amenable to treatment with variable response. They are major causes of early parkinsonism and other spectrum of movement disorders including dopa-responsive dystonia. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to conduct proteomic studies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with monoamine defects to detect biomarkers involved in pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes, and treatment response. METHODS A total of 90 patients from diverse centers of the International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders were included in the study (37 untreated before CSF collection, 48 treated and 5 unknown at the collection time). Clinical and molecular metadata were related to the protein abundances in the CSF. RESULTS Concentrations of 4 proteins were significantly altered, detected by mass spectrometry, and confirmed by immunoassays. First, decreased levels of apolipoprotein D were found in severe cases of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Second, low levels of apolipoprotein H were observed in patients with the severe phenotype of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency, whereas increased concentrations of oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein were found in the same subset of patients with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Third, decreased levels of collagen6A3 were observed in treated patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. CONCLUSION This study with the largest cohort of patients with monoamine defects studied so far reports the proteomic characterization of CSF and identifies 4 novel biomarkers that bring new insights into the consequences of early dopaminergic deprivation in the developing brain. They open new possibilities to understand their role in the pathophysiology of these disorders, and they may serve as potential predictors of disease severity and therapies. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Tristán-Noguero
- Synaptic Metabolism Laboratory, Sant Joan de Déu Foundation, Research Pediatric Institute (IPR), Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Borràs
- Proteomics Unit, Center for Genomics Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Molero-Luis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, IPR and CIBERER-ISCIII, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tessa Wassenberg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Peters
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel Willemsen
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Opladen
- Division of Neuropediatrics & Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jeltsch
- Division of Neuropediatrics & Metabolic Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roser Pons
- First Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Agia Sofia Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Beat Thony
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Horvath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zuhal Yapici
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jennifer Friedman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Rady Children's Hospital and Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Keith Hyland
- Medical Neurogenetics, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Eduardo López-Laso
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Reina Sofía, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), and CIBERER, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, IPR and CIBERER-ISCIII, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Proteomics Unit, Center for Genomics Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels García-Cazorla
- Synaptic Metabolism Laboratory, Sant Joan de Déu Foundation, Research Pediatric Institute (IPR), Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurometabolic Unit, Neurology Department, IPR, CIBER ("Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red") of Rare Diseases and Carlos III Healthcare Institute (CIBERER-ISCIII), European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Identification of an atypical microdeletion generating the RNF135-SUZ12 chimeric gene and causing a position effect in an NF1 patient with overgrowth. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1329-1339. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Emerging genotype-phenotype relationships in patients with large NF1 deletions. Hum Genet 2017; 136:349-376. [PMID: 28213670 PMCID: PMC5370280 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most frequent recurring mutations in neurofibromatosis type 1
(NF1) are large deletions encompassing the NF1
gene and its flanking regions (NF1
microdeletions). The majority of these deletions encompass 1.4-Mb and are associated
with the loss of 14 protein-coding genes and four microRNA genes. Patients with
germline type-1 NF1 microdeletions frequently
exhibit dysmorphic facial features, overgrowth/tall-for-age stature, significant
delay in cognitive development, large hands and feet, hyperflexibility of joints and
muscular hypotonia. Such patients also display significantly more cardiovascular
anomalies as compared with patients without large deletions and often exhibit
increased numbers of subcutaneous, plexiform and spinal neurofibromas as compared
with the general NF1 population. Further, an extremely high burden of internal
neurofibromas, characterised by >3000 ml tumour volume, is encountered
significantly, more frequently, in non-mosaic NF1
microdeletion patients than in NF1 patients lacking such deletions. NF1 microdeletion patients also have an increased risk of
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs); their lifetime MPNST risk is
16–26%, rather higher than that of NF1 patients with intragenic NF1 mutations (8–13%). NF1 microdeletion patients, therefore, represent a high-risk group for
the development of MPNSTs, tumours which are very aggressive and difficult to treat.
Co-deletion of the SUZ12 gene in addition to
NF1 further increases the MPNST risk in
NF1 microdeletion patients. Here, we summarise
current knowledge about genotype–phenotype relationships in NF1 microdeletion patients and discuss the potential role of the genes
located within the NF1 microdeletion interval
whose haploinsufficiency may contribute to the more severe clinical
phenotype.
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8
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Xu CJ, Wang JL, Jin WL. The Neural Stem Cell Microenvironment: Focusing on Axon Guidance Molecules and Myelin-Associated Factors. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:887-897. [PMID: 25757451 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) could produce various cell phenotypes in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the central nervous system (CNS), where neurogenesis has been determined to occur. The extracellular microenvironment also influences the behaviors of NSCs during development and at CNS injury sites. Our previous study indicates that myelin, a component of the CNS, could regulate the differentiation of NSCs in vitro. Recent reports have implicated three myelin-derived inhibitors, NogoA, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp), as well as several axon guidance molecules as regulators of NSC survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the behavior of NSCs are not fully understood. In this study, we summarize the current literature on the effects of different extrinsic factors on NSCs and discuss possible mechanisms, as well as future possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jin Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, University town, Cha Shan, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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9
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Abstract
Abstract:Background and Aims:Axon growth is crucial for injured neural tissue to recover; however it is difficult to achieve in general. Axon outgrowth is inhibited by the activation of the Nogo receptor (NgR) by one of three different ligands. The present study aimed to suppress the inhibitory effect of the three inhibitory proteins to facilitate axon outgrowth.Methods:A lentiviral vector, siNgR199 (that has the capacity to interfere with the gene of NgR expression), was constructed for suppressing the gene transcription of NgR. Rat cortex neurons and oligodendrocytes were prepared to observe the effect of siNgR199 on facilitating axon outgrowth.Results:After transfection, the lentiviral siRNA of NgR remained in target neurons for almost two weeks whereas the conventional siRNA of NgR remained in neurons less than five days. Lentivirus-mediated delivery of exogenous small interfering RNA (siNgR199) targeting NgR significantly reduced the expression of this receptor and promoted axon outgrowth. In contrast, provision of naked siRNA targeting NgR (NgRsiRNA) showed less inhibitory effect on NgR protein expression and did not affect axon outgrowth.Conclusions:Lentiviral siRNA of NgR effectively suppresses the expression of NgR in cultured neurons that facilitates the axon outgrowth. The data implicate that lentiviral siRNA of NgR has therapeutic potential in facilitating the recovery of injured neural tissue.
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10
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Marei HES, Althani A, Afifi N, Abd-Elmaksoud A, Bernardini C, Michetti F, Barba M, Pescatori M, Maira G, Paldino E, Manni L, Casalbore P, Cenciarelli C. Over-expression of hNGF in adult human olfactory bulb neural stem cells promotes cell growth and oligodendrocytic differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82206. [PMID: 24367504 PMCID: PMC3868548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human olfactory bulb neural stem/progenitor cells (OBNC/PC) are promising candidate for cell-based therapy for traumatic and neurodegenerative insults. Exogenous application of NGF was suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for traumatic and neurodegenerative diseases, however effective delivery of NGF into the CNS parenchyma is still challenging due mainly to its limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and intolerable side effects if administered into the brain ventricular system. An effective method to ensure delivery of NGF into the parenchyma of CNS is the genetic modification of NSC to overexpress NGF gene. Overexpression of NGF in adult human OBNSC is expected to alter their proliferation and differentiation nature, and thus might enhance their therapeutic potential. In this study, we genetically modified adult human OBNS/PC to overexpress human NGF (hNGF) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes to provide insight about the effects of hNGF and GFP genes overexpression in adult human OBNS/PC on their in vitro multipotentiality using DNA microarray, immunophenotyping, and Western blot (WB) protocols. Our analysis revealed that OBNS/PC-GFP and OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF differentiation is a multifaceted process involving changes in major biological processes as reflected in alteration of the gene expression levels of crucial markers such as cell cycle and survival markers, stemness markers, and differentiation markers. The differentiation of both cell classes was also associated with modulations of key signaling pathways such MAPK signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway for OBNS/PC-GFP, and axon guidance, calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 7 for OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF as revealed by GO and KEGG. Differentiated OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF displayed extensively branched cytoplasmic processes, a significant faster growth rate and up modulated the expression of oligodendroglia precursor cells markers (PDGFRα, NG2 and CNPase) respect to OBNS/PC-GFP counterparts. These findings suggest an enhanced proliferation and oligodendrocytic differentiation potential for OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF as compared to OBNS/PC-GFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E. S. Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Althani
- College of Arts & Sciences, Health Sciences Department, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nahla Afifi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd-Elmaksoud
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Camilla Bernardini
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Pescatori
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulio Maira
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Paldino
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Manni
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casalbore
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy, Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Cenciarelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Roma, Italy
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11
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Nieto-Estévez V, Pignatelli J, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Hurtado-Chong A, Vicario-Abejón C. A global transcriptome analysis reveals molecular hallmarks of neural stem cell death, survival, and differentiation in response to partial FGF-2 and EGF deprivation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53594. [PMID: 23308259 PMCID: PMC3538603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosphere cell culture is a commonly used model to study the properties and potential applications of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, standard protocols to culture NSCs have yet to be established, and the mechanisms underlying NSC survival and maintenance of their undifferentiated state, in response to the growth factors FGF-2 and EGF are not fully understood. Using cultures of embryonic and adult olfactory bulb stem cells (eOBSCs and aOBSCs), we analyzed the consequences of FGF-2 and EGF addition at different intervals on proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell death and differentiation, as well as on global gene expression. As opposed to cultures supplemented daily, addition of FGF-2 and EGF every 4 days significantly reduced the neurosphere volume and the total number of cells in the spheres, mainly due to increased cell death. Moreover, partial FGF-2 and EGF deprivation produced an increase in OBSC differentiation during the proliferative phase. These changes were more evident in aOBSC than eOBSC cultures. Remarkably, these effects were accompanied by a significant upregulation in the expression of endogenous Fgf-2 and genes involved in cell death and survival (Cryab), lipid catabolic processes (Pla2g7), cell adhesion (Dscaml1), cell differentiation (Dscaml1, Gpr17, S100b, Ndrg2) and signal transduction (Gpr17, Ndrg2). These findings support that a daily supply of FGF-2 and EGF is critical to maintain the viability and the undifferentiated state of NSCs in culture, and they reveal novel molecular hallmarks of NSC death, survival and the initiation of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nieto-Estévez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anahí Hurtado-Chong
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicario-Abejón
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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12
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LIMK2d, a truncated isoform of Lim kinase 2 regulates neurite growth in absence of the LIM kinase domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:247-52. [PMID: 22405825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Lim kinase 2 isoforms, LIMK2a and LIMK2b, phosphorylate cofilin leading to remodeling of actin cytoskeleton during neuronal differentiation. The expression and function of the LIMK2d isoform, missing the kinase domain, remain unknown. We analyzed the expression of LIMK2 splice variants in adult rat brain and in cultures of rat neural stem cells by RT-QPCR. All three splice variants were expressed in adult cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Limk2a and Limk2d expression, but not Limk2b, increased during neuronal differentiation. We studied the localization and function of LIMK2d isoform by transfecting Hela, NSC-34, and hippocampal rat neuron cultures. Similarly to LIMK2b, LIMK2d was expressed in the cytoplasm, neurites and dendritic spines, but not in the nucleus. Similarly to LIMK2a, LIMK2d over-expression in NSC-34 cells increased neurite length, but independently of cofilin phosphorylation or of direct interaction with actin. Overall, these results indicate that LIMK2d is a third LIMK2 isoform which regulates neurite extension and highlights the possible existence of a kinase independent function of LIMK2.
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13
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The Nogo-66 receptor family in the intact and diseased CNS. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:105-17. [PMID: 22311207 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The Nogo-66 receptor family (NgR) consists in three glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored receptors (NgR1, NgR2 and NgR3), which are primarily expressed by neurons in the central and peripheral mammalian nervous system. NgR1 was identified as serving as a high affinity binding protein for the three classical myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) Nogo-A, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMgp), which limit axon regeneration and sprouting in the injured brain. Recent studies suggest that NgR signaling may also play an essential role in the intact adult CNS in restricting axonal and synaptic plasticity and are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Alzheimer's disease pathology through modulation of β-secretase cleavage. Here, we outline the biochemical properties of NgRs and their functional roles in the intact and diseased CNS.
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14
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Expression and function of myelin-associated proteins and their common receptor NgR on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Brain Res 2012; 1437:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Lööv C, Fernqvist M, Walmsley A, Marklund N, Erlandsson A. Neutralization of LINGO-1 during in vitro differentiation of neural stem cells results in proliferation of immature neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29771. [PMID: 22235341 PMCID: PMC3250485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying external factors that can be used to control neural stem cells division and their differentiation to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes is of high scientific and clinical interest. Here we show that the Nogo-66 receptor interacting protein LINGO-1 is a potent regulator of neural stem cell maturation to neurons. LINGO-1 is expressed by cortical neural stem cells from E14 mouse embryos and inhibition of LINGO-1 during the first days of neural stem cell differentiation results in decreased neuronal maturation. Compared to neurons in control cultures, which after 6 days of differentiation have long extending neurites, neurons in cultures treated with anti-LINGO-1 antibodies retain an immature, round phenotype with only very short processes. Furthermore, neutralization of LINGO-1 results in a threefold increase in βIII tubulin-positive cells compared to untreated control cultures. By using BrdU incorporation assays we show that the immature neurons in LINGO-1 neutralized cultures are dividing neuroblasts. In contrast to control cultures, in which no cells were double positive for βIII tubulin and BrdU, 36% of the neurons in cultures treated with anti-LINGO-1 antibodies were proliferating after three days of differentiation. TUNEL assays revealed that the amount of cells going through apoptosis during the early phase of differentiation was significantly decreased in cultures treated with anti-LINGO-1 antibodies compared to untreated control cultures. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel role for LINGO-1 in neural stem cell differentiation to neurons and suggest a possibility to use LINGO-1 inhibitors to compensate for neuronal cell loss in the injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Lööv
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Fernqvist
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrian Walmsley
- Autoimmune, Transplantation & Inflammation DA, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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16
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Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Hou J. Novel avenues of drug discovery and biomarkers for diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 51:128-52. [PMID: 20220043 PMCID: PMC3033756 DOI: 10.1177/0091270010362904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Globally, developed nations spend a significant amount of their resources on health care initiatives that poorly translate into increased population life expectancy. As an example, the United States devotes 16% of its gross domestic product to health care, the highest level in the world, but falls behind other nations that enjoy greater individual life expectancy. These observations point to the need for pioneering avenues of drug discovery to increase life span with controlled costs. In particular, innovative drug development for metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus becomes increasingly critical given that the number of diabetic people will increase exponentially over the next 20 years. This article discusses the elucidation and targeting of novel cellular pathways that are intimately tied to oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus for new treatment strategies. Pathways that involve wingless, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) precursors, and cytokines govern complex biological pathways that determine both cell survival and longevity during diabetes mellitus and its complications. Furthermore, the role of these entities as biomarkers for disease can further enhance their utility irrespective of their treatment potential. Greater understanding of the intricacies of these unique cellular mechanisms will shape future drug discovery for diabetes mellitus to provide focused clinical care with limited or absent long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Department of Neurology, 8C-1 UHC, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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17
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Védrine SM, Vourc'h P, Tabagh R, Mignon L, Höfflin S, Cherpi-Antar C, Mbarek O, Paubel A, Moraine C, Raynaud M, Andres CR. A functional tetranucleotide (AAAT) polymorphism in an Alu element in the NF1 gene is associated with mental retardation. Neurosci Lett 2011; 491:118-21. [PMID: 21236316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mental retardation (MR) is frequent in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Allele 5 of a tetranucleotide polymorphism in an Alu element (GXAlu) localized in intron 27b of the NF1 gene has previously been associated with autism. We considered that the microsatellite GXAlu could also represent a risk factor in MR without autism. We developed a rapid method for genotyping by non-denaturing HPLC and assayed the allelic variation of GXAlu marker on in vitro gene expression in Cos-7 cells. A French population of 157 individuals (68 non syndromic non familial MR (NS-MR) patients diagnosed in the University Hospital of Tours; 89 controls) was tested in a case-control assay. We observed a significant association (χ(2)=7.96; p=0.005) between alu4 carriers (7 AAAT repeats) and MR (OR: 7.86; 95% C.I.: 2.13-28.9). The relative in vitro expression of a reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) was higher for alu4 and alu5, suggesting a regulation effect for these alleles on gene expression in vivo. Our results showed an association with a polymorphism regulating the NF1 gene or other genes during brain development.
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18
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Llorens F, Gil V, del Río JA. Emerging functions of myelin-associated proteins during development, neuronal plasticity, and neurodegeneration. FASEB J 2010; 25:463-75. [PMID: 21059749 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-162792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons have a limited regrowth capacity following injury. Myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) limit axonal outgrowth, and their blockage improves the regeneration of damaged fiber tracts. Three of these proteins, Nogo-A, MAG, and OMgp, share two common neuronal receptors: NgR1, together with its coreceptors [p75(NTR), TROY, and Lingo-1]; and the recently described paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB). These proteins impair neuronal regeneration by limiting axonal sprouting. Some of the elements involved in the myelin inhibitory pathways may still be unknown, but the discovery that blocking both PirB and NgR1 activities leads to near-complete release from myelin inhibition, sheds light on one of the most competitive and intense fields of neuroregeneration study in recent decades. In parallel with the identification and characterization of the roles and functions of these inhibitory molecules in axonal regeneration, data gathered in the field strongly suggest that most of these proteins have roles other than axonal growth inhibition. The discovery of a new group of interacting partners for myelin-associated receptors and ligands, as well as functional studies within or outside the CNS environment, highlights the potential new physiological roles for these proteins in processes, such as development, neuronal homeostasis, plasticity, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franc Llorens
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Shang YC, Chong ZZ, Hou J, Maiese K. Wnt1, FoxO3a, and NF-kappaB oversee microglial integrity and activation during oxidant stress. Cell Signal 2010; 22:1317-29. [PMID: 20462515 PMCID: PMC2893230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the underlying mechanisms that govern microglial activation and survival is essential for the development of new treatment strategies for neurodegenerative disorders, since microglia serve not only as guardian sentries of the nervous system, but also play a significant role in determining neuronal and vascular cell fate. Here we show that endogenous and exogenous Wnt1 in inflammatory microglial cells is necessary for the prevention of apoptotic early membrane phosphatidylserine exposure and later DNA degradation, since blockade of Wnt1 signaling abrogates cell survival during oxidative stress. Wnt1 prevents apoptotic demise through the post-translational phosphorylation and maintenance of FoxO3a in the cytoplasm to inhibit an apoptotic cascade that relies upon the loss of mitochondrial membrane permeability, cytochrome c release, Bad phosphorylation, and activation of caspase 3 and caspase 1 as demonstrated by complimentary gene knockdown studies of FoxO3a. Furthermore, subcellular trafficking and gene knockdown studies of NF-kappaB p65 illustrate that microglial cell survival determined by Wnt1 during oxidative stress requires NF-kappaB p65. Our work highlights Wnt1 and the control of novel downstream transcriptional pathways as critical components for the oversight of nervous system microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen Shang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Zhao Zhong Chong
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Jinling Hou
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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20
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Maiese K, Shang YC, Chong ZZ, Hou J. Diabetes mellitus: channeling care through cellular discovery. Curr Neurovasc Res 2010; 7:59-64. [PMID: 20158461 DOI: 10.2174/156720210790820217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) impacts a significant portion of the world's population and care for this disorder places an economic burden on the gross domestic product for any particular country. Furthermore, both Type 1 and Type 2 DM are becoming increasingly prevalent and there is increased incidence of impaired glucose tolerance in the young. The complications of DM are protean and can involve multiple systems throughout the body that are susceptible to the detrimental effects of oxidative stress and apoptotic cell injury. For these reasons, innovative strategies are necessary for the implementation of new treatments for DM that are generated through the further understanding of cellular pathways that govern the pathological consequences of DM. In particular, both the precursor for the coenzyme beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), nicotinamide, and the growth factor erythropoietin offer novel platforms for drug discovery that involve cellular metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory cell control. Interestingly, these agents and their tightly associated pathways that consist of cell cycle regulation, protein kinase B, forkhead transcription factors, and Wnt signaling also function in a broader sense as biomarkers for disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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21
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Gil V, Bichler Z, Lee JK, Seira O, Llorens F, Bribian A, Morales R, Claverol-Tinture E, Soriano E, Sumoy L, Zheng B, Del Río JA. Developmental expression of the oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein in the mouse telencephalon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 20:1769-79. [PMID: 19892785 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein expressed by neurons and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Attempts have been made to identify the functions of the myelin-associated inhibitory proteins (MAIPs) after axonal lesion or in neurodegeneration. However, the developmental roles of some of these proteins and their receptors remain elusive. Recent studies indicate that NgR1 and the recently discovered receptor PirB restrict cortical synaptic plasticity. However, the putative factors that trigger these effects are unknown. Because Nogo-A is mostly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and myelin associated glycoprotein appears late during development, the putative participation of OMgp should be considered. Here, we examine the pattern of development of OMgp immunoreactive elements during mouse telencephalic development. OMgp immunoreactivity in the developing cortex follows the establishment of the thalamo-cortical barrel field. At the cellular level, we located OMgp neuronal membranes in dendrites and axons as well as in brain synaptosome fractions and axon varicosities. Lastly, the analysis of the barrel field in OMgp-deficient mice revealed that although thalamo-cortical connections were formed, their targeting in layer IV was altered, and numerous axons ectopically invaded layers II-III. Our data support the idea that early expressed MAIPs play an active role during development and point to OMgp participating in thalamo-cortical connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gil
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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